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Journal articles on the topic 'Pragmatic particles'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Degaf, Agwin, NFN Irham, and Zainur Rofiq. "Sebuah Reviu terhadap Kajian Partikel Pragmatik dalam Beberapa Bahasa Daerah di Indonesia." Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa 9, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v9i1.1411.

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This paper aims to demonstrate studies of pragmatic particles in Indonesian vernacular languages. Given the fact that Indonesia ranked second most populated language in the world after New Guinea, we would expect a huge number of studies discussing Indonesian local languages. Review to studies of pragmatic particles in Indonesian language is therefore considered salient to carry out to shed light on how different authors examine different particles, what kind of method they employ to describe meaning and functions, and what potential implication this study could contribute in this field. Besides, it also enriches the cross-linguistic study of pragmatic particles in general. Following Macaro et al’s. (2017) guideline of systematic review, this study employed linear process of procedure by deciding keywords, screening title, reviewing abstract, examining full text, and drawing conclusion. The corpus of pragmatic particles employed in reviewed studies ranges from colloquial, spoken, dialogue, and monologue data. Some approaches were used to reveal the pragmatic meanings, such as conversation analysis approach, pragmatics, morpho-syntactic, and even phonological approach. This discussion in the present paper may be fruitful for researchers who are working on pragmatic particles or vernacular languages and suggests that more studies in local languages should be outstripped to sustain national linguistic identity in the global arena. AbstrakThis paper aims to demonstrate studies of pragmatic particles in Indonesian vernacular languages. Given the fact that Indonesia ranked second most populated language in the world after New Guinea, we would expect a huge number of studies discussing Indonesian local languages. Review to studies of pragmatic particles in Indonesian language is therefore considered salient to carry out to shed light on how different authors examine different particles, what kind of method they employ to describe meaning and functions, and what potential implication this study could contribute in this field. Besides, it also enriches the cross-linguistic study of pragmatic particles in general. Following Macaro et al’s. (2017) guideline of systematic review, this study employed linear process of procedure by deciding keywords, screening title, reviewing abstract, examining full text, and drawing conclusion. The corpus of pragmatic particles employed in reviewed studies ranges from colloquial, spoken, dialogue, and monologue data. Some approaches were used to reveal the pragmatic meanings, such as conversation analysis approach, pragmatics, morpho-syntactic, and even phonological approach. This discussion in the present paper may be fruitful for researchers who are working on pragmatic particles or vernacular languages and suggests that more studies in local languages should be outstripped to sustain national linguistic identity in the global arena.
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2

Xiao, Qin, and Pratomo Widodo. "CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF PARTICLES IN CHINESE AND INDONESIAN LANGUAGE." LITERA 18, no. 3 (November 19, 2019): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v18i3.24223.

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In Chinese and Indonesian, particles are often used and occupying an important place specifically in daily conversation. The study distinguishes ways of using particles in order to propose suggestions that can be useful for Chinese learners in Indonesia. In this article, the author describe the four pairs of particles to compare the similarities and differences in terms of syntax, semantics, pragmatics and analyzing the types and reasons in particle’s using error for Indonesian learners based on corpus HSK. Where the data sources are the examples of a sentence containing particles, the technique of data collection is the technique of reading and taking notes, and the instrument is a human instrument. The authors found that the four pairs of particles have similarities and differences in syntax, semantics and pragmatics: all of them can be used at the end and middle of the sentence, but not all can be used with other particles; all the pairs can translate to one another and can also be translated into other particles or adverbs, but there are some particles sometimes don’t need to be translated; in different contexts, the four pairs of modal particles have different pragmatic functions. Keywords: particle, Chinese, Indonesian, contrastive analysis
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3

van der Wal, Jenneke. "(Inter)subjectification in Makhuwa." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 14, no. 1 (March 4, 2013): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.14.1.01van.

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This study contributes to the research on the development of pragmatic particles from the perspective of the Bantu language Makhuwa. Makhuwa shows synchronic variation in the use of va and vo, which function as locative demonstratives, va (proximal) and vo (medial), but also as pragmatic particles in the left as well as the right periphery, where they draw the attention of the addressee, intensify the illocutionary force and indicate the relationship between speaker and addressee. The supposed development from demonstrative to pragmatic particle confirms the relevance of both peripheries for the change to pragmatic particle. Discussing the (inter)subjective properties of these pragmatic particles, the paper argues for a relatively broad definition of (inter)subjectivity as grounding the message in the speech situation (oriented towards the speaker, addressee or discourse).
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4

Fischer, Kerstin, and Maiken Heide. "Inferential Processes in English and the Question whether English has Modal Particles." Open Linguistics 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 509–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2018-0025.

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Abstract In this paper, we ask whether English pragmatic markers may evoke similar inferential processes in discourse as German modal particles, studying alright/all right, already and then in more detail. Moreover, we investigate whether specific formal features are associated with these uses and thus whether there is any evidence for a productive modal particle category that can serve as a guideline for the creation and interpretation of modal particle uses of English pragmatic markers. Our analysis shows that even though evidence for a schematic modal particle construction is not conclusive, modal particle uses of pragmatic markers may be potentially widespread in English, and the inferential processes involved may be similar across languages.
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5

Fortuin, Egbert. "Kirsner on imperatives and pragmatic particles." Nederlandse Taalkunde 20, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/nedtaa2015.2.fort.

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6

Vaskó, Ildikó. "Pragmatic particles indicating expectation—The case ofPersze." Acta Linguistica Hungarica 59, no. 4 (December 2012): 465–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aling.59.2012.4.4.

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7

Foolen, Ad. "A pragmatic analysis of Norwegian modal particles." Lingua 93, no. 4 (August 1994): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(94)90363-8.

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8

Gupta, Anthea Fraser. "The pragmatic particles of Singapore colloquial English." Journal of Pragmatics 18, no. 1 (July 1992): 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(92)90106-l.

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9

Li, Bingyun. "Gender, Politeness and Pragmatic Particles in French (review)." Language 80, no. 4 (2004): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2004.0211.

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10

Taguchi, Naoko, and Shuai Li. "Introduction to a thematic review: Pragmatics research in Chinese as a second language." Chinese as a Second Language Research 6, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2017-0001.

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AbstractAs Chinese is quickly becoming the language for intercultural communication, rules and norms of interaction in Chinese – how to speak with the level of politeness and formality required in a situation, or to understand another person’s intention communicated indirectly – are critical aspects of learning Chinese. Despite this growing interest in Chinese teaching and research, most studies have focused on formal aspects of Chinese competence (e.g., grammar and character knowledge), and little research has addressed pragmatic aspects of Chinese learning (Taguchi, 2015). To fill this gap, this thematic review presents four empirical studies on pragmatics in Chinese as a second language. Four studies deal with a variety of pragmatic features in Chinese (e.g., sentence final particles, formulaic expressions, request-making forms, mitigation strategies, stance markers) to illustrate how those features can inform us about L2 Chinese learners’ pragmatic competence and development.
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Farkas, Judit, Bettina Futó, Aliz Huszics, Judit Kleiber, Mónika Dóla, and Gábor Alberti. "Similarities and differences between two Hungarian particles for also: szintén and is." Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 6 (December 30, 2020): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.11832.

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The paper provides a comparative analysis of the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of two Hungarian particles with the same logical core meaning also: is and szintén. The analysis yields important theoretical implications since it demonstrates how two particles sharing the same logical-propositional/truth-functional core meaning can expand into two different markers. In discourse, is acts as an intensional/metacognitive pragmatic marker in the sense as proposed by Aijmer et al. (2006), while szintén functions as a coherence-signaling discourse marker. The two particles share certain syntactic-semantic properties: neither of them can be followed by a topic, they both have distributive meaning, and both of them can pertain to the noun phrase that they immediately follow, as well as to ordered n-tuples of noun phrases. However, there are also syntactic and pragmasemantic differences between them. Namely, their ordered n-tuples have different word orders; is can function as a pragmatic marker while szintén cannot; szintén can appear as a separate clause, while is cannot (this is presumably related to the fact that szintén can be stressed, while is is obligatorily unstressed); and finally, szintén can have a peculiar discourse-preserving function. We explain the syntactic differences between the two particles using the partial spell-out technique of minimalist generative syntacticians (first applied to Hungarian by Surányi 2009), and the Cinque-hierarchy-based approach to Hungarian sentence- and predicate-adverbials (Surányi 2008). We account for the pragmasemantic properties of the pragmatic-marker variant of is in the formal representational dynamic theory of interpretation called ReALIS, already presented in the LingBaW series (Alberti et al. 2016, Kleiber and Alberti 2017, Viszket et al. 2019).
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12

Setyadi, Ary. "Sifat Pragmatis Partikel Lah dalam Kalimat Perintah." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.13.1.110-118.

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The study of the use of particles “lah” in command phrases in some references is always "claimed" is the result of linguistic (theory) application, the field of syntax. Actually, the results of the existing study is in line with the application of (theory) pragmatic, because it has been determined on the “lah” function/role in the sentence. Therefore, the objectives addressed in this article are: trying to prove that the results of an existing study are implicitly a pragmatic (theory) application. Such proof has never been done, so it is interesting to discuss.The application of the review method departs on the linguistic research implementation, which is fundamental to three strategic stages: data provision, data classification and analysis, and report preparation.The evidence of the result of an existing study implicitly by applying (theory) pragmatics, the presence of “lah” particles in the sentence is said to function / act as: 1. affirmation, 2. refiners, 3. focusing, 4. politeness, and 5. topikalisasi (command sentence).
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13

Oshanova, E. S. "DEFINING AND PRAGMATIC ACTUALIZATION OF PARTICLES IN MODERN LINGUISTICS." Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki, no. 2 (2017): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2017-2-114-117.

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14

Ying-Ru, Gong,, and Wui, Soo-Kwang. "The Pragmatic Function Analysis of Chinese-Utterance Final Particles." Chinese Studies 59 (June 30, 2017): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14378/kacs.2017.59.59.7.

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15

Wouk, Fay. "Gender and the use of pragmatic particles in Indonesian." Journal of Sociolinguistics 3, no. 2 (May 1999): 194–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00072.

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16

Louwrens, L. J. "Some pragmatic functions of interrogative particles in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 7, no. 4 (January 1987): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1987.10586695.

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Steyn, Elna. "A pragmatic reinterpretation of interrogative particles in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 12, no. 4 (January 1992): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1992.10586942.

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18

Zhang, Guanghua, and Gisela Redeker. "Pragmatic markers, discourse markers and modal particles: New perspectives." Journal of Pragmatics 136 (October 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2018.08.010.

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19

Oshanova, E. S. "PRAGMATIC ORIENTATION OF UTTERANCES WITH MODAL PARTICLES AND THEIR ROLE IN STRUCTURING COMMUNICATIVE AND PRAGMATIC MEANING." Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 3-2 (2015): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2073-5073-2015-3-235-239.

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20

Wiyatasari, Reny. "PENGGUNAAN PARTIKEL ILOKUSI NE DAN YO DALAM TUTURAN BAHASA JEPANG." IZUMI 7, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/izumi.7.2.84-93.

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(Title: Use of Illocutionary Particle in Japanese Language). The purpose of this study is to explain the use of illocutionary particles ne and yo, the pragmatic meaning generated from a speech and how the influence of the existence of each of these particles in a speech. Because ne and yo are pragmatic rather than semantic and this nature only occurs in verbal interactions, this article takes data from data sources, such as Japanese dramas and Japanese short stories. The data was collected using the observation method through recording and note-taking techniques, and then analyzed using contextual method.From the results of data analysis it was found that ne particles are used when a) request confirmation or ensure information, b) request or seek agreement, c) soften speech, and d) marking the feelings felt by the speaker. While yo particles are used when : a) confirming the question to get a response or reason, b) marking that information (statement) is something new for the listerner, c) emphasizing or affirming a matter/action intended by the speaker in his speech, d) marking speech means encouraging, e) marking utterances that contain expressions of the feeling of the speaker, and f) marking the urge to take action.
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21

Krifka, Manfred. "Response particles as propositional anaphors." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 23 (August 24, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v23i0.2676.

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The paper explains response particles like yes and no as anaphoric elements that pick up propositional discourse referents that are introduced by preceding sentences. It is argued that negated antecedent clauses introduce two propositional discourse referents, which results in ambiguities of answers that is partly resolved by pragmatic optimization. The paper also discusses response particles like okay, right and uh-huh and uh-uh, and German ja, nein and doch.
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Boonen, Ute K., and Bernhard Fisseni. "Neues zu überhaupt und sowieso." Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik 47, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 443–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zgl-2019-0021.

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Abstract This article investigates the use of überhaupt and sowieso in German and Dutch. These two words are frequently classified as particles, if only because of their pragmatic functions. The frequent use of particles is considered a specific trait common to German and Dutch, and the description of their semantics and pragmatics is notoriously difficult. It is unclear whether both particles have the same meaning in Dutch (where they are loanwords) and German, whether they can fulfil the same syntactic functions and to what extent the (semantic and pragmatic) functions of überhaupt und sowieso overlap. There has already been linguistic research on überhaupt and sowieso by Fisseni (2009) using the world-wide web and by Bruijnen and Sudhoff (2013) using the EUROPARL corpus. In the present study we critically evaluated the corpus study, integrating information on original utterance language and discussing the adequacy of this corpus. Moreover, we conducted an experimental survey collecting subjective-intuitive judgements in three dimensions, thus gathering more data on sparse and informal constructions. By using these complementary methods, we obtain a more nuanced picture of the use of überhaupt and sowieso in both languages: On the one hand, the data show where the use of both words is more similar and on the other hand, differences between the languages can also be discerned.
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23

Fried, Mirjam, and Jan-Ola Östman. "Construction Grammar and spoken language: The case of pragmatic particles." Journal of Pragmatics 37, no. 11 (November 2005): 1752–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.03.013.

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24

Levey, Stephen. "Reported dialogue and pragmatic particles in the narratives of preadolescents." World Englishes 22, no. 3 (August 2003): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-971x.00298.

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Balakin, Boris V., Guzel Shamsutdinova, and Pawel Kosinski. "Agglomeration of solid particles by liquid bridge flocculants: Pragmatic modelling." Chemical Engineering Science 122 (January 2015): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2014.09.003.

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26

Barry, Kevin R., Thomas C. J. Hill, Conrad Jentzsch, Bruce F. Moffett, Frank Stratmann, and Paul J. DeMott. "Pragmatic protocols for working cleanly when measuring ice nucleating particles." Atmospheric Research 250 (March 2021): 105419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105419.

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27

Ojwang, Benson Oduor. "Encoding polar questions in Dholuo." Studies in African Linguistics 37, no. 1 (June 1, 2008): 62–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v37i1.107299.

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Most languages have both content questions and polar questions (Dryer 2005a). Previous studies on Dholuo have considered content questions in detail (cf. Okoth 1997; Omondi 1982, 1993). However, research on the nature of polar questions in Dholuo remains inconclusive. Omondi (1993) identifies a few particles in polar interrogatives but does not offer the full range of possible pragmatic interpretations beyond the structural function of these words. Onyoyo (2001) also outlines some particles in interrogatives of Dholuo, but does not place them in context and simply states that such particles provide more meaning. In this paper, I present descriptive data to illustrate the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic properties of polar questions in Dholuo. The two main strategies considered here are interrogative uses of question particles and affixations to the verb.
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Taguchi, Naoko, Haomin Zhang, and Qiong Li. "Pragmatic competence of heritage learners of Chinese and its relationship to social contact." Chinese as a Second Language Research 6, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 7–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2017-0002.

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AbstractThis study aimed to investigate: (1) Chinese heritage learners’ (CHLs) pragmatic competence in comparison to foreign language learners of Chinese (CFLs) and (2) the relationship between CHLs’ pragmatic competence and their language contact in a range of social settings. Focal linguistic forms included sentence final particles (SFPs) and formulaic expressions (FORs). Sixty Chinese language learners in the intermediate- and advanced-level classes (31 CHLs and 29 CFLs) participated in the study. Participants completed a computerized listening comprehension task, a written production task, and a language contact questionnaire. Findings showed that CHLs outperformed CFLs in both comprehension and production of Chinese sentence final particles and formulaic expressions. The analysis of language contact questionnaire revealed that learners who reported a greater amount of interactive language contact achieved higher scores on the pragmatic tasks, regardless of the constructs and skill domains assessed.
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Chen, Lijing, Kevin B. Paterson, Xingshan Li, Lin Li, and Yufang Yang. "Pragmatic influences on sentence integration: Evidence from eye movements." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 12 (July 2, 2019): 2742–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819859829.

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To understand a discourse, readers must rapidly process semantic and syntactic information and extract the pragmatic information these sources imply. An important question concerns how this pragmatic information influences discourse processing in return. We address this issue in two eye movement experiments that investigate the influence of pragmatic inferences on the processing of inter-sentence integration. In Experiments 1a and 1b, participants read two-sentence discourses in Chinese in which the first sentence introduced an event and the second described its consequence, where the sentences were linked using either the causal connective “suoyi” (meaning “so” or “therefore”) or not. The second sentence included a target word that was unmarked or marked using the focus particle “zhiyou” (meaning “only”) in Experiment 1a or “shi” (equivalent to an it-cleft) in Experiment 1b. These particles have the pragmatic function of implying a contrast between a target element and its alternatives. The results showed that while the causal connective facilitated the processing of unmarked words in causal contexts (a connective facilitation effect), this effect was eliminated by the presence of the focus particle. This implies that contrastive information is inferred sufficiently rapidly during reading that it can influence semantic processes involved in sentence integration. Experiment 2 showed that disruption due to conflict between the processing requirements of focus and inter-sentence integration occurred only in causal and not adversative connective contexts, confirming that processing difficulty occurred when a contrastive relationship was not possible.
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Berthelin, Signe Rix, and Kaja Borthen. "The semantics and pragmatics of Norwegian sentence-internal jo." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 42, no. 01 (May 2019): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586519000052.

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AbstractThe paper proposes a refined analysis of the semantics and pragmatics of the Norwegian non-truth-conditional adverb jo ‘after all, of course’. According to the literature, jo indicates that the proposition is ‘given’ in some sense or other. Based on new empirical investigations, we argue that the Relevance-theoretic notion mutual manifestness (Sperber & Wilson 1986/1995, Blass 2000) accurately captures the givenness aspect of jo, and we demonstrate through authentic examples what it means for a proposition to be mutually manifest. In addition to mutual manifestness, jo signals that the proposition is a premise for deriving a conclusion. The conclusion often – but not always – opposes someone’s view. We argue that the frequent opposition interpretations are a consequence of the nature of the procedures encoded by jo. In addition to clarifying the semantic and pragmatic properties of jo, the paper sheds light on the Relevance-theoretic notion procedural semantics as well as illustrating its usefulness in the study of pragmatic particles.
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31

Palacio, May Antonette, and Leah Gustilo. "A Pragmatic Analysis of Discourse Particles in Filipino Computer Mediated Communication." GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies 16, no. 3 (October 26, 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-01.

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32

Duch, Justyna. "Die Wiedergabe deutscher Abtönungspartikeln im Polnischen unter Satzarten- und Intentionsaspekt." Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics 34 (November 5, 2018): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gl.2008.34.13.

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Modal particles can be strategically used by the speaker to specify the illocutionary content, which can have different consequences on the pragmatic and communicative level. This paper is an attempt to present German and Polish modal particles according to the intention of the speaker and sentence types. This paper gives also an insight into problem of the translation of modal particles.
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33

Winters, Marion. "Modal particles explained." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 21, no. 1 (July 24, 2009): 74–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.21.1.04win.

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The present paper comprises a corpus-based study of translator style, comparing two German translations of the novel The Beautiful and Damned by Francis Scott Fitzgerald. The translations, by Hans-Christian Oeser and Renate Orth-Guttmann, were both published in 1998. The study isolates the linguistic feature of modal particles in which the individual styles of the translators manifest themselves on the textual level and investigates the influence the translators’ microlevel linguistic choices have on the macrolevel of the novel. An electronic corpus was compiled, comprising The Beautiful and Damned and its two translations, both entitled Die Schönen und Verdammten. A quantitative analysis was carried out to discover potential patterns of the use of modal particles by the translators, and the results showed that while both translators use modal particles to the extent and in the general context one would expect, they differ considerably in their choice and use of individual modal particles. The subsequent qualitative analysis takes a pragmatic approach, and discusses the selected modal particle wohl according to its communicative function, its role in speech and thought acts and in the narrative, and in the context of the respective narrative points of view. Finally it is argued that the two translators differ in their translation styles to an extent that affects the novel’s macrolevel in that one translator provides a character study while the other focuses on societal issues.
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34

Maloney, Lauren M., Ariel H. Yang, Rudolph A. Princi, Alexander J. Eichert, Daniella R. Hébert, Taelyn V. Kupec, Alexander E. Mertz, et al. "A COVID-19 Airway Management Innovation with Pragmatic Efficacy Evaluation: The Patient Particle Containment Chamber." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 48, no. 10 (August 27, 2020): 2371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02599-6.

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Abstract The unique resource constraints, urgency, and virulence of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has sparked immense innovation in the development of barrier devices to protect healthcare providers from infectious airborne particles generated by patients during airway management interventions. Of the existing devices, all have shortcomings which render them ineffective and impractical in out-of-hospital environments. Therefore, we propose a new design for such a device, along with a pragmatic evaluation of its efficacy. Must-have criteria for the device included: reduction of aerosol transmission by at least 90% as measured by pragmatic testing; construction from readily available, inexpensive materials; easy to clean; and compatibility with common EMS stretchers. The Patient Particle Containment Chamber (PPCC) consists of a standard shower liner draped over a modified octagonal PVC pipe frame and secured with binder clips. 3D printed sleeve portals were used to secure plastic sleeves to the shower liner wall. A weighted tube sealed the exterior base of the chamber with the contours of the patient’s body and stretcher. Upon testing, the PPCC contained 99% of spray-paint particles sprayed over a 90s period. Overall, the PPCC provides a compact, affordable option that can be used in both the in-hospital and out-of-hospital environments.
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35

Kalnača, Andra, and Ilze Lokmane. "Pragmatic Aspects of Latvian Predicative Infinitive Constructions." Studies About Languages 1, no. 37 (December 3, 2020): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.1.37.25881.

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The purpose of this article is to examine Latvian predicative infinitive constructions in a pragmatic aspect, showing that they constitute a special type of pragmatic marking. Unlike such pragmatic markers as particles, conjunctions, adverbs or prosody, predicative infinitive constructions in Latvian are pragmatically functioning as a single unit, i.e., their constructional functionality follows from this unity rather than from separate lexical or grammatical elements. Insofar as they represent a marginal modally marked construction type in Latvian, their use is related to non-neutral, marked registers of the language. Therefore, the article focuses on modal and temporal meanings, as well as polarity of predicative infinitive constructions. As their modal and temporal meanings are closely related to communicative types of utterances, the use of these constructions is restricted to specific text types – warnings, categorical requests and prohibitions, advertisements, headlines in mass media, etc.
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Tamminen-Parre, Saija. "Attitudes and geographical variation in the use of pragmatic particles in Faroese: The case of sært tú, hoyr(ir) tú, skilir tú and veitst tú." Nordlyd 36, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/12.228.

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<p class="NL-Abstract" style="margin: 0cm 14.2pt 12pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;">The study presents the results of a preliminary investigation of the use of a number of pragmatic particles in Faroese: <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">s&aelig;rt t&uacute;</em> &lsquo;you see&rsquo;, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hoyr(ir) t&uacute;</em> &lsquo;listen&rsquo;, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">skilir t&uacute;</em> &lsquo;you understand&rsquo;, and <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">veitst t&uacute;</em> &lsquo;y&rsquo;know&rsquo;. The data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed in relation to the social variable settlement. Data were collected from the five settlements of T&oacute;rshavn, Sandur, Tv&oslash;royri, Klaksv&iacute;k, and Fuglafj&oslash;r&eth;ur. The study found geographical variation in the use of the pragmatic particles and discusses the attitudes people in the Faroe Islands have towards the use of pragmatic particles.</span></span></p>
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37

Alimpieva, Larisa. "RESULTS OF CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN AND KYRGYZ PARTICLES." Alatoo Academic Studies 20, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2020.201.17.

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Russian particles due to their differential grammatical, structural and semantic features, with diversity of communicative and pragmatic settings, which they fulfil in the processof a communicative act and producing an utterance, require a comparative analysis with corresponding particles of the Kyrgyz language. The aim of this article is to conduct a contrastive analysis of Russian and Kyrgyz particles in order to establish distinctive features between them. The results of the research will be applied at further development of theoretical problems of bilingual lexicography.
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Fuchs, Robert, Ulrike Gut, and Taiwo Soneye. "“We just don’t even know”." English World-Wide 34, no. 2 (May 17, 2013): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.34.2.01fuc.

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This study investigates the usage of the pragmatic focus particles even and still in Nigerian English (NigE). A comparison of ICE-Nigeria and ICE-GB showed diverging frequencies of both particles across different registers between the two varieties of English and a significantly higher overall usage of even in NigE. Qualitative analyses revealed that even has acquired a wide range of new pragmatic meanings in NigE, such as emphatic, affirmative, particularising and epistemic meanings, and that still can be used to express promises and predictions. It is shown that these usages mirror meanings of the equivalents of even and still in the Nigerian languages Yorùbá and Igbo; their spread across a wide range of speakers in Nigeria attests to the status of even and still as nativised structures rather than learner errors.
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Parrott, Lillian A., and Werner Abraham. "Discourse Particles: Descriptive and Theoretical Investigations on the Logical, Syntactic and Pragmatic Properties of Discourse Particles in German." Language 69, no. 4 (December 1993): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416898.

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40

Hölker, Klaus. "Discourse particles: Descriptive and theoretical investigations on the logical, syntactic and pragmatic properties of discourse particles in German." Journal of Pragmatics 23, no. 5 (May 1995): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(95)90077-2.

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41

Dimroth, Christine, and Marzena Watorek. "THE SCOPE OF ADDITIVE PARTICLES IN BASIC LEARNER LANGUAGES." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22, no. 3 (September 2000): 307–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100003028.

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Based on their longitudinal analysis of the acquisition of Dutch, English, French, and German, Klein and Perdue (1997) described a “basic learner variety” as valid cross-linguistically and comprising a limited number of shared syntactic patterns interacting with two types of constraints: (a) semantic—the NP whose referent has highest control comes first, and (b) pragmatic—the focus expression is in final position. These authors hypothesized that “the topic-focus structure also plays an important role in some other respects. . . . Thus, negation and (other) scope particles occur at the topic-focus boundary” (p. 318). This poses the problem of the interaction between the core organizational principles of the basic variety and optional items such as negative particles and scope particles, which semantically affect the whole or part of the utterance in which they occur. In this article, we test the validity of these authors' hypothesis for the acquisition of the additive scope particle also (and its translation equivalents). Our analysis is based on the European Science Foundation (ESF) data originally used to define the basic variety, but we also included some more advanced learner data from the same database. In doing so, we refer to the analyses of Dimroth and Klein (1996), which concern the interaction between scope particles and the part of the utterance they affect, and we make a distinction between maximal scope—that which is potentially affected by the particle—and the actual scope of a particle in relation to an utterance in a given discourse context.
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42

Mondaca Becerra, Lissette Andrea. "Approximators and mitigators in Chilean Spanish: the case of 'como' and 'como que'." Textos en Proceso 5, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17710/tep.2019.5.1.3mondacabecerra.

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This article analyses the use of the approximators como and como que in Chilean Spanish, and the link between their approximative semantic value and pragmatic mitigation. Previous works have given the marker como an approximative value (Mihatsch, 2009, 2010; Jørgensen and Stenstrøm 2009; Jørgensen, 2011; Holmvik, 2011; Kornfeld, 2013; Kern, 2014; Jiménez and Flores-Ferrán, 2018), and also a mitigating one (Puga, 1997; Briz, 1998; Jørgensen, 2011; Holmvik, 2011; Kornfeld, 2013, Panussis, 2016; Mondaca, 2017; Panussis and San Martín, 2017). Thus, the objective here is to analyze the relationship between semantic approximation and pragmatic mitigation through these particles, in order to establish whether all those approximative uses of como and como que also perform a mitigating function. Likewise, this paper seeks to propose a general description of those contexts that motivate Chilean speakers to approximate and mitigate their discourse through como and como que. For this purposes, 24 sociolinguistic interviews extracted from the corpus compiled in the Fondecyt Project 11110211 have been used. The main results show that como is a semantic approximator that, in those contexts where the speaker seeks to safeguard his or her face, acquires a pragmatic mitigation function, while como que, on the other hand, is a particle which predominant function is to mitigate.
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43

Dhapte, Vividha, Shivajirao Kadam, Varsha Pokharkar, Pawan K. Khanna, and Vishwas Dhapte. "Versatile SiO2 Nanoparticles@Polymer Composites with Pragmatic Properties." ISRN Inorganic Chemistry 2014 (January 29, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/170919.

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In the present work, we report the fabrication of silica nanoparticles embedded polymeric (SiO2 nanoparticles@polymer) composite films for numerous traits like texture, folding endurance, crystallinity, size, thermal behavior, spectral analysis, and bioactivity. Significant facets of bulky, inert, inorganic materials are known to burgeon out due to the high surface area of nanosized particles. Nature and proportion of silica nanoparticles as well as polymers exhibited remarkable impact on the fabrication and quality of casted films. Hydrophilic silica nanoparticulate-PVA films depicted better mechanical properties like thermal plus photo stability. Hydrophobic silica nanoparticulate-PMMA films showed qualities of a robust, active, thermostable, antimicrobial material that could resist extreme storage and processing conditions. Overall, these metal oxide nanoparticle-polymer composite films possess qualities reflecting their potential in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industry.
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44

Alimpieva, Larisa. "PROBLEMS OF LEXICAL EQUIVALENTING OF RUSSIAN PARTICLES IN A BILINGUAL DICTIONARY." Alatoo Academic Studies 19, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2019.194.12.

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In the process of communicative act Russian particles concurrently fulfil different functions. It makes Russian particles an important unit of functional-pragmatic sphere of the Russian language which is characterized by its national specifics and connotativity. The problem of codification of Russian particles in bilingual lexicography is complicated. The main problem at compiling a dictionary lemma is filiation (division of meanings) of Russian particles and their rendering by lexical means of a foreign language. The existing lexicographic descriptions of Russian particles in bilingual dictionaries irrelevantly reflect the structure and contents of their meanings. The aim of the article is to consider some theoretical problems of description of Russian particles by means of a second (target) language in dictionary lemmas of bilingual dictionaries.
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45

Chor, Winnie. "Sentence final particles as epistemic modulators in Cantonese conversations: A discourse-pragmatic perspective." Journal of Pragmatics 129 (May 2018): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2018.03.008.

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Kakhkhorova, Gulrukh. "THE ALLOCATION OF PARTICLES IN TRANSLATION DICTIONARIES AND WAYS TO EXPRESS THEM IN TRANSLATION." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/2/7.

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Introduction. In the languages of the peoples of the world, particles with their own logical-grammatical, semantic-stylistic features and functions, historical development and pragmatic features have an independent place as one of the auxiliary words. Although they do not have a separate lexical meaning, they are among the categories that provide a linguistic and speech relationship in terms of their ability to connect equally to each other by adding different meanings to words and sentences at the syntactic levels. The comparative study of particles within different systematic languages plays an important role in understanding and expressing objective reality through language tools. Research methods. Methods of linguistic description, classification, contextual, comparative and stylistic analysis can be used as research methods. Results and discussions.
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47

Rahardi, R. Kunjana, Yuliana Setyaningsih, and Rishe Purnama Dewi. "KATA FATIS PENANDA KETIDAKSANTUNAN PRAGMATIK DALAM RANAH KELUARGA." Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2014.13201.

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One of the pragmatic markers, which shows language impoliteness, is classified in phatic category. This research aims to analyze the phatic discourse particles serving as pragmatic markers of impoliteness. Therefore, the data in this research are the utterances containing phatic discourse markers showing linguistic impoliteness taken from the family of farmers, traders, fishermen, teachers, and noblemen. The data were gathered by employing the listening and speaking methods. The data gathering techniques are the recording and transcribing. The data are classified and analyzed using contextual method. This research indicates that there are 11 categories of phatic discourse markers showing pragmatic impoliteness. They are phatic markers of “kok”, “ah”, “hayo”, “mbok”, “lha”, “tak”, “huu”, “iih”, “woo”, “hei”, and “halah”. Every phatic category conveys a specific intention which is different from other phatic discourse markers.
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48

Matsugu, Yuka. "Japanese epistemic sentence-final particle kana." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.15.4.02mat.

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The Japanese language is known for its sentence-final particles (SFPs hereafter) that express modality. Although modality would seem to be inseparable from context, only a limited number of studies have explicated the nature of SFPs based on data from conversations. This paper discusses the functions of SFP kana, based on 272 occurrences of the particle from over 7 hours of recorded conversation. I propose that kana, which is commonly defined as a doubt marker, frequently functions as a mitigation marker. My investigation also explores how speakers use this function beyond the sentence level. It suggests that traditional descriptions of the syntactic environments in which SFPs occur are not always substantiated by how kana is actually used. Yet, seemingly unsystematic uses of kana are quite systematic in terms of its semantic and pragmatic aspects. These findings suggest that in studying Japanese sentence-final particles, it’s important to study naturally occurring conversations.
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49

Wahya, Wahya, Hera Meganova Lyra, and Raden (R ). Yudi Permadi. "Mengenal Penggunaan Partikel His ‘His’ sebagai Pengungkap Emosi dalam Cerita Rekaan Berbahasa Sunda." Metahumaniora 9, no. 2 (January 6, 2020): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v9i2.23292.

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ABSTRAK Bahasa di mana pun di dunia ini secara universal memiliki kelas kata yang disebut partikel. Secara praktis keberadaan partikel ini penting karena memiliki fungsi tertentu dalam bahasa sebagai sarana untuk berkomunikasi bagi para penuturnya. Namun demikian, sebagai ciri keunikan setiap bahasa, tentu bentuk, jumlah, dan fungsi partikel ini berbeda-beda. Bahasa Sunda sebagai bahasa alamiah yang merupakan salah satu bahasa daerah di Indonesia kaya dengan pertikel ini. Salah satu partikel yang terdapat dalam bahasa Sunda adalah his ’his’. Artikel ini akan mencoba membahas partikel his ini dari ssi sebagai pengungkap emosi dalam percakapan para tokoh cerita rekaan berbahasa Sunda. Untuk membahas partikel his ini digunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode simak, yakni menyimak penggunaan partikel his oleh para tokoh dalam cerita rekaan berbahasa Sunda dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa teknik catat. Adapun metode analisis menggunkan metode padan pragmatik dan referensial dengan pendekatan semantik gramatikal. Sumber data yang digunakan berupa enam buah cerita rekaan berbahasa Sunda dengan pertimbangan pada keenam buku tersebut terdapat data yang diperlukan dan sebagai sampel sumber data. Dari hasil pengamatan terhadap enam belas data ditemukan enam emosi yang diungkapkan partikel his, meyakinkan, kesal, melarang, kecewa, tidak setuju, danangkuh.Kata kunci: partikel, fatis, emosi, semantik gramatikal ABSTRACT Languages everywhere in the world universally have a class of words called particles. Practically the existence of this particle is important because it has a certain function in language as a means to communicate for its speakers. However, as a feature of the uniqueness of each language, the shape, number, and function of these particles differ. Sundanese as a natural language which is one of the regional languages in Indonesia is rich in this particles. One of the particles contained in Sundanese is his. This article will try to discuss his particle from an expression of emotion in the conversation of the fictional characters in Sundanese. To discuss this particle, a qualitative descriptive method is used. Data were collected using the method of listening, which is listening to the use of his particle by the characters in a fictional story in Sundanese language with data collection techniques in the form of note taking techniques. The analytical method uses the pragmatic and referential equivalent method with a grammatical semantic approach. The data source used in the form of six Sundanese fiction stories with consideration in the six books contained the necessary data and as a sample data source. From the observation of the sixteen data found six emotions expressed his particle, convincing, annoyed, forbidding, disappointed, disagreeing, and arrogant.Keywords: particle, phatic, emotion, grammatical semantics
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50

Wahya, Wahya, Hera Meganova Lyra, and Raden (R ). Yudi Permadi. "Mengenal Penggunaan Partikel His ‘His’ sebagai Pengungkap Emosi dalam Cerita Rekaan Berbahasa Sunda." Metahumaniora 9, no. 2 (January 6, 2020): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/mh.v9i2.23292.

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ABSTRAK Bahasa di mana pun di dunia ini secara universal memiliki kelas kata yang disebut partikel. Secara praktis keberadaan partikel ini penting karena memiliki fungsi tertentu dalam bahasa sebagai sarana untuk berkomunikasi bagi para penuturnya. Namun demikian, sebagai ciri keunikan setiap bahasa, tentu bentuk, jumlah, dan fungsi partikel ini berbeda-beda. Bahasa Sunda sebagai bahasa alamiah yang merupakan salah satu bahasa daerah di Indonesia kaya dengan pertikel ini. Salah satu partikel yang terdapat dalam bahasa Sunda adalah his ’his’. Artikel ini akan mencoba membahas partikel his ini dari ssi sebagai pengungkap emosi dalam percakapan para tokoh cerita rekaan berbahasa Sunda. Untuk membahas partikel his ini digunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode simak, yakni menyimak penggunaan partikel his oleh para tokoh dalam cerita rekaan berbahasa Sunda dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa teknik catat. Adapun metode analisis menggunkan metode padan pragmatik dan referensial dengan pendekatan semantik gramatikal. Sumber data yang digunakan berupa enam buah cerita rekaan berbahasa Sunda dengan pertimbangan pada keenam buku tersebut terdapat data yang diperlukan dan sebagai sampel sumber data. Dari hasil pengamatan terhadap enam belas data ditemukan enam emosi yang diungkapkan partikel his, meyakinkan, kesal, melarang, kecewa, tidak setuju, danangkuh.Kata kunci: partikel, fatis, emosi, semantik gramatikal ABSTRACT Languages everywhere in the world universally have a class of words called particles. Practically the existence of this particle is important because it has a certain function in language as a means to communicate for its speakers. However, as a feature of the uniqueness of each language, the shape, number, and function of these particles differ. Sundanese as a natural language which is one of the regional languages in Indonesia is rich in this particles. One of the particles contained in Sundanese is his. This article will try to discuss his particle from an expression of emotion in the conversation of the fictional characters in Sundanese. To discuss this particle, a qualitative descriptive method is used. Data were collected using the method of listening, which is listening to the use of his particle by the characters in a fictional story in Sundanese language with data collection techniques in the form of note taking techniques. The analytical method uses the pragmatic and referential equivalent method with a grammatical semantic approach. The data source used in the form of six Sundanese fiction stories with consideration in the six books contained the necessary data and as a sample data source. From the observation of the sixteen data found six emotions expressed his particle, convincing, annoyed, forbidding, disappointed, disagreeing, and arrogant.Keywords: particle, phatic, emotion, grammatical semantics
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