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1

Rationality and modernity: Essays in philosophical pragmatics. Scandinavian University Press, 1993.

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2

Skirbekk, Gunnar. Rationality and modernity: Essays in philosophical pragmatics. Scandanavian University Press, 1993.

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3

Miščević, Nenad. Rationality and cognition: Against relativism-pragmatism. University of Toronto Press, 2000.

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4

Truth, rationality, and pragmatism: Themes from Peirce. Clarendon Press, 2002.

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5

A system of pragmatic idealism. Princeton University Press, 1992.

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6

Nicholas, Rescher. A system of pragmatic idealism. Princeton University Press, 1992.

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7

Postmodern rationality, social criticism, and religion. Paragon House, 2005.

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8

McGinty, Charles P. Preacher's kid: A journey from pious fundamentalism to pragmatic humanism. Ulster-Scot Publications, 1999.

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9

What is language development?: Rationalist, empiricist, and pragmatist approaches to the acquisition of syntax. Oxford University Press, 2004.

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10

Cambi, Franco, and Giovanni Mari, eds. Giulio Preti. Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-044-0.

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In the period following the Second World War Giulio Preti was one of the leading exponents of Italian philosophy. A master of open critical thought, cultivated in the light of a rationalism that dialogued with, and integrated into his own philosophical model, many of the currents and stances of the global research scenario. Phenomenology, Marxism, pragmatism, neopositivism, transcendentalism and structuralism: in Preti all of these found an organic and original synthesis. Further, his particular brand of rationalist-critical thought touched on many aspects of philosophical knowledge: theoretical philosophy, the philosophy of science, that of language and that of art, from ethics to politics and even taking in the history of philosophy, offering authoritative contributions in every sphere. One hundred years after his birth, the University of Florence and the heir to the Faculty in which he lectured at length, the Faculty of Education, has decided to honour his memory with this anthology of studies, penned by former pupils and others and also by younger scholars, to once again focus the wealth of this thought and its, in many respects, current relevance. Even now, this particular brand of open, critical rationalism can offer a benchmark for addressing the new issues for philosophical reflection thrown up by modern society and culture.
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11

James, William. The will to believe: And other writings from William James. Image Books, 1995.

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12

Manifest Rationality: A Pragmatic Theory of Argument. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000.

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13

Johnson, Ralph H. Manifest Rationality: A Pragmatic Theory of Argument. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000.

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14

Rescher, Nicholas. Value Reasoning: On the Pragmatic Rationality of Evaluation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.

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15

Rescher, Nicholas. Value Reasoning: On the Pragmatic Rationality of Evaluation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.

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16

Rationality in Pragmatic Perspective (Studies in the History of Philosophy (Lewiston, N.Y.), V. 72.). Edwin Mellen Press, 2003.

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17

System of Pragmatic Idealism, Volume II: The Validity of Values, a Normative Theory of Evaluative Rationality. Princeton University Press, 2014.

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18

Rescher, Nicholas. System of Pragmatic Idealism Vol. II: The Validity of Values, a Normative Theory of Evaluative Rationality. Princeton University Press, 2014.

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19

Rescher, Nicholas. System of Pragmatic Idealism, Volume II: The Validity of Values, a Normative Theory of Evaluative Rationality. Princeton University Press, 2014.

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20

Rescher, Nicholas. System of Pragmatic Idealism Vol. II: The Validity of Values, a Normative Theory of Evaluative Rationality. Princeton University Press, 2016.

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21

Horn, Laurence. Pragmatics and the Lexicon. Edited by Yan Huang. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697960.013.8.

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Since Paul and Zipf, it has become evident that lexical choice and meaning change are largely guided by pragmatic principles. Two central interacting principles are, first, the least-effort tendency to reduce expression and, second, the communicative requirements on sufficiency of information. Descendants of this opposition include Grice’s bipartite Maxim of Quantity (‘Make your contribution as informative as/no more informative than is required’) grounded within a general theory of rationality and cooperation, the Q and R Principles (essentially ‘Say enough’/‘Don’t say too much’), and the interplay of effort and effect within Relevance Theory. This chapter motivates a (Q-based) constraint on lexicalization, surveys the role of the R principle in motivating the Division of Pragmatic Labour, syntagmatic reduction, narrowing of meaning, euphemism, and negative strengthening, and provides pragmatic motivation for the lexical clone, un-noun, and un-verb constructions, and for the complementary Avoid Synonymy and Avoid Homonymy principles.
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22

Bratman, Michael E. Planning, Time, and Self-Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867850.001.0001.

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Our human capacity for planning agency plays central roles in the cross-temporal organization of our agency, in our acting and thinking together, and in our self-governance. Intentions can be understood as states in such a planning system. The practical thinking essential to this planning capacity is guided by norms that enjoin synchronic plan consistency and coherence as well as forms of plan stability over time. This book’s essays aim to deepen our understanding of these norms and defend their status as norms of practical rationality for planning agents. General guidance by these planning norms has many pragmatic benefits, especially given our cognitive and epistemic limits. But appeal to these pragmatic benefits does not fully explain the normative force of these norms in application to the particular case. In response, some think these norms are norms of theoretical rationality on belief; or are constitutive of agency; or are just a myth. These essays chart an alternative path, which sees these planning norms as tracking conditions of a planning agent’s self-governance, both at a time and over time. This path articulates associated models of self-governance; it appeals to the agent’s end of her self-governance over time; and it argues that this end is rationally self-sustaining. This end is thereby in a position to play a role in our planning framework that is analogous to the role of a concern with quality of will within the framework of the reactive attitudes, as understood by Peter Strawson.
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23

Bratman, Michael E. The Interplay of Intention and Reason. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867850.003.0008.

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In a series of essays—in particular, his 1994 essay “Assure and Threaten”—David Gauthier develops a two-tier pragmatic theory of practical rationality and argues, within that theory, for a distinctive account of the rationality of following through with prior assurances or threats. His discussion suggests that certain kinds of temporally extended agency play a special role in one’s temporally extended life going well. I argue that a related idea about diachronic self-governance helps explain a sense in which an accepted deliberative standard can be self-reinforcing. And this gives us resources to adjust Gauthier’s theory in response to a threat of what Kieran Setiya has called a “fragmentation of practical reason.”
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24

Bratman, Michael E. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867850.003.0001.

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This introduction explains the background for present concerns with a deeper understanding and defense of basic norms of plan rationality, both synchronic and diachronic. It gives an overview of the defense adumbrated in these essays: one that involves but goes beyond appeal to pragmatic benefits of general forms of practical thinking involved in our planning agency. A central idea is that these planning norms track conditions of a planning agent’s self-governance, both synchronic and diachronic. The reflective significance of this tracking thesis depends on an end of one’s self-governance over time. While this end is not essential to agency, it is a rationally self-sustaining keystone of a stable reflective equilibrium involving basic planning norms. It is thereby in a position to play a role in our planning framework that is analogous to the role of concern with quality of will in the framework of reactive attitudes, as understood by Peter Strawson.
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25

Truth, Rationality, and Pragmatism: Themes from Peirce. Oxford University Press, USA, 2000.

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26

Hookway, Christopher. Truth, Rationality, and Pragmatism: Themes from Peirce. Oxford University Press, USA, 2003.

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27

Gallagher, Shaun. The Upright Posture: Its Current Standing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794325.003.0009.

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This chapter continues to develop the enriched conception of embodiment that fits an enactivist approach to cognition. It discusses recent biological and evolutionary theory concerning the upright posture and the role of human hands, which are free not only to reach and grasp, but also to contribute to the shaping of human rationality. The notion of affordance space can help to discriminate between what changes (of brain, body, environment) belong to evolution as opposed to development or culture, or individual experience. This analysis relates to the pragmatic concept of manipulatory area (Mead), which contributes to an understanding of the roles of tools, technology, and intersubjectivity in cognition.
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28

Rationalism, Empiricism, and Pragmatism: An Introduction. Random House USA Inc, 1988.

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29

AUNE, BRUCE Y. Rationalism, Empiricism, and Pragmatism: An Introduction. Random House USA Inc, 1988.

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30

Bratman, Michael E. Planning, Time, and Self-Governance: Essays in Practical Rationality. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2018.

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31

Bratman, Michael E. Planning, Time, and Self-Governance: Essays in Practical Rationality. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2018.

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32

Rationalist Pragmatism: A Framework for Moral Objectivism. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2020.

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33

Bratman, Michael E. Consistency and Coherence in Plan. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867850.003.0009.

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This essay focuses on the reflections of a planning agent on her distinctive synchronic norms of practical thinking. It develops the idea of planning agency that is self-reinforcing by way of considerations of self-governance: given that one is a planning agent whose practical thinking is guided by basic planning norms—something for which there is good reason—one’s self-governance will be such that conforming to those norms is partly constitutive of that self-governance. This helps articulate a framework within which (a) pragmatic grounds for planning agency quite generally, combine with (b) normative reasons of self-governance for conformity to basic norms in the particular case. This framework can be brought to bear by a reflective planning agent in support of basic norms of synchronic plan rationality. And this supports an interpretation of the idea that these norms are peremptory.
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34

Happiness and Success: Pragmatic Rationalism and Lessons from Lord Chesterfield. Verlaine Publishing, 2009.

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35

Axel, Wüstehube, ed. Pragmatische Rationalitätstheorien =: Studies in pragmatism, idealism, and philosophy of mind. Königshausen & Neumann, 1995.

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36

Singer, Beth J. Pragmatism, Rights, and Democracy. Fordham University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823218677.001.0001.

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The author's theory of rights was developed in an earlier book. This successor volume includes applications, lectures, replies to critics, and clarifications. For the author, rights exist only if they are embedded in the operative practices of a community. People have a right in a community if their claim is acknowledged, and if they would acknowledge similar claims by others. This account contrasts with theories of natural rights, which state that humans have rights by virtue of being human. It also differs from Kantian attempts to derive rights from the necessary conditions of rationality. While denying that rights exist independently of a community's practices, the book maintains that rights to personal autonomy and authority ought to exist in all communities. Group rights, an anathema among individualistic theories, are a valuable institution. The book's discussion of rights appropriate for minority communities is particularly illuminating as a model of careful reasoning.
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37

Volker, Gadenne, ed. Kritischer Rationalismus und Pragmatismus. Rodopi, 1998.

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38

Dryzek, John S. 5. Leave it to the People: Democratic Pragmatism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199696000.003.0005.

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This chapter examines democratic pragmatism, a discourse of environmental problem solving that emerged as a corrective to administration. Democratic pragmatism may be characterized in terms of interactive problem solving within the basic institutional structure of liberal capitalist democracy. The word ‘pragmatism’ can have two connotations: the first is the way the word is used in everyday language, as signifying a practical, realistic orientation to the world, the opposite of starry-eyed idealism; the second refers to a school of thought in philosophy, associated with names such as William James, Charles Peirce, and John Dewey. This chapter treats democracy as a problem-solving discourse reconciled to the basic status quo of liberal capitalism. It first considers democratic pragmatism in action before discussing democratic pragmatism as government and governance. It also explores the rationality of democratic pragmatism, the discourse analysis of democratic pragmatism, and the limits of democratic pragmatism.
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39

Milnes, Tim. The Testimony of Sense. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812739.001.0001.

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British intellectual culture witnessed a sharp reduction in the volume of epistemological debate between the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. This change coincided with a relocation of philosophical discourse from the treatise to the informal writing of the essayist. This study argues that these two phenomena are related. Around the middle of the eighteenth century, the idea of intersubjectivity emerged as a counterdiscourse to scientific empiricism. Exemplified by Hume’s ‘easy’ philosophy, it sought to reground epistemological correspondence in social correspondence, in the circulation of trusting conversation. Contemporaneously, the rise of the essay, like the concern with trust, reveals the period’s preoccupation with the ways in which intellectual life was being shaped by economic change. The essay genre sought to effect a performative critique of instrumental reason which, while essentially nostalgic in its desire for unsystematic accomplishment, presented a pragmatic counterthrust to Enlightenment rationality. For David Hume and Samuel Johnson, the performance of virtue represents and enacts the social solidarity that either underpins norms or reflects moral truths. For later essayists, however, the fiction of familiarity was both more tenuous and more urgent. In the Romantic period, the essayist’s primary burden became one of establishing social and epistemological norms through the exercise of imaginative power. In the essays of Charles Lamb and William Hazlitt, the enactment of familiar conversation created an experience of singularity and enchantment that was linked to idealized and nostalgic forms of sociability. Thus, while the eighteenth-century essay consolidated ‘truth’, the Romantic essay produced it.
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40

Levi Martin, John. Bourdieu’s Unlikely Contribution to the Human Sciences. Edited by Thomas Medvetz and Jeffrey J. Sallaz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199357192.013.19.

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Chapter abstract The author of this chapter proposes that we consider Bourdieu’s work neither on its own terms, nor in the terms of the postwar French academic field, but in terms of the general problems that it solved. When we do so, we find that Bourdieu developed lines of thinking that had stalled in Germany and the United States. The former was the field theoretic tradition associated with Gestalt psychology and empirical phenomenology; the second was the habit theoretic tradition associated increasingly with pragmatism. Each had stalled because each seemed, in a way, too successful—everything turned into habit for pragmatist social psychology; field theory also put everything indiscriminately in the field of experience. By focusing on the reciprocal relations of habitus and field, Bourdieu developed these insights in ways that allowed for empirical exploration, and that cut against the French rationalist vocabulary that he inherited.
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41

Weinberg, Jonathan M. Intuitions. Edited by Herman Cappelen, Tamar Szabó Gendler, and John Hawthorne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199668779.013.25.

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This article examines the philosophical methodology of intuitions beginning with an argument developed by Max Deutsch and Herman Cappelen over the descriptive adequacy of what Cappelen calls “methodological rationalism”, and their own preferred view, “intuition nihilism”. Based on inadequacies in both accounts, it offers a descriptive take on intuition-deploying philosophical practice today via what it calls “Protean Crypto-Rationalism”. It then describes the epistemic profile of the appeal to intuition, listing four key aspects of the basic shape of intuition-deploying philosophical practice: primacy of cases, flexibility of report format, freedom of stipulation, and interpretation-hungry. It also considers several sources of error for intuitions featured in at least the informal methodological lore of philosophy, namely: misconstruals, modal confusions, pragmatics/semantics confusion, and “tin ear”. Finally, it explores the problem of methodological ignorance and inferential demand, particularly the typical practices of philosophical inference that operate on the premises delivered by appeal to intuitions.
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42

Russell, Paul. Moral Sense and the Foundations of Responsibility. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627607.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses an important class of new compatibilist theories of agency and responsibility, frequently referred to as reactive attitude theories. Such theories have their roots in another seminal essay of modern free will debates, P. F. Strawson’s “Freedom and Resentment” (1962). This chapter disentangles three strands of Strawson’s argument—rationalist, naturalist, and pragmatic. It also considers other recent reactive attitude views that have attempted to remedy flaws in Strawson’s view, focusing particularly on the view of R. Jay Wallace. Wallace supplies an account of moral capacity, which is missing in Strawson’s view, in terms of an account of what Wallace calls “reflective self-control.” The chapter concludes with suggestions of how a reactive attitude approach to moral responsibility that builds on the work of Strawson, Wallace, and others might be successfully developed.
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43

Lorino, Philippe. Value and valuation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753216.003.0008.

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The organizing inquiry continuously requires such value assessments as: “Are we on the right track? Is our action fair, effective?” Subjectivist approaches view value as an affective manifestation of isolated subjects, objectivist approaches as a scientific characteristic of situations. For pragmatists, value is neither subjective nor objective, but practical: Rather than value as a substantive feature, they consider valuation as an empirical act. The social process of valuation is a fundamental dimension of any action. The pragmatist view rejects the means/ends rationalist model, and stresses the relational nature of valuation: Valuation translates hypothetical values into practical ends-in-view, and thus contributes to redesigning and organizing activity, through a reciprocal and symmetrical mediation, the mediation of activity through ends (imposing a trial on the progress of activity towards ends-in-view) and the mediation of ends through activity (imposing a trial on the coherence of ends with activity and activity means).
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44

Gallagher, Shaun. Enactivist Interventions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794325.001.0001.

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Enactivist Interventions explores central issues in the contemporary debates about embodied cognition, addressing interdisciplinary questions about intentionality, representation, affordances, the role of affect, and the problems of perception and cognitive penetration, action and free will, higher-order cognition, and intersubjectivity. It argues for a rethinking of the concept of mind, drawing on pragmatism, phenomenology, and cognitive science. It interprets enactivism as a philosophy of nature that has significant methodological and theoretical implications for the scientific investigation of the mind. Enactivist Interventions argues that, like the basic phenomena of perception and action, sophisticated cognitive phenomena like reflection, imagining, and mathematical reasoning are best explained in terms of an affordance-based skilled coping. It thus argues for a continuity that runs between basic action, affectivity, and a rationality that in every case remains embodied. It also discusses recent predictive models of brain function and outlines an alternative, enactivist interpretation that emphasizes the close coupling of brain, body, and environment rather than a strong boundary that isolates the brain in its internal processes. The extensive relational dynamics that integrates the brain with the extra-neural body opens into an environment that is physical, social, and cultural and that recycles back into the enactive process. Cognitive processes are in the world, situated in affordance spaces defined across evolutionary, developmental, and individual histories, and are constrained by affective processes and normative dimensions of social and cultural practices.
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45

The Will to Believe. NuVision Publications, 2004.

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