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Journal articles on the topic 'Pragmatics of politeness'
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Rosyidha, Alfin, Irfi N. Afdiyani, Ayu D. Fatimah, and Izzatun Nisa. "Rethinking Politeness Principle in Pragmatics Study." Journal of Pragmatics Research 1, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/jopr.v1i1.23-29.
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The study focuses on Politeness Principle found in the movie Kung Fu Panda 1 using Leech’s theory.Leech defines politeness as forms of behaviour that establish and maintain comity. He proposed six types of politeness maxim such as tact maxim, generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim, and sympathy maxim. The objectives of this study are to classify the type of politeness maxim used in the movie, to know the frequency of the most and the least maxim used in the movie, and to explain how the figures in the movie used politeness principle in the communication.The writers used descriptive analysis in analyzing the politeness principle used in the movie and used a simple quantitative analysis to know the frequency of the politeness principle. The result of the study shows that all politeness maxim is used in the movie with the frequency tact maxim 10 utterances (9,8%), generosity maxim 5 utterances (4,9%), approbation maxim 24 utterances (23,5%), modesty maxim 11 utterances (10,8%), agreement maxim 45 utterances (44,1%), and sympathy maxim 7 utterances (6,9%).Keywords: Pragmatics, Politeness principle, Movie.
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Obeng, Samuel Gyasi. "Grammatical Pragmatics." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 9, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 199–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.9.2.01obe.
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This paper explores some pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic aspects of the Akan (Ghana, West Africa) native court judicial discourse. It is argued that court officials and litigants use specific content and functional words, idioms and other implicit expressions, as well as phonetic resources like mezzoforte and pianissimo loudness to express power, politeness and a range of attitudes and relationships such as distancing, anger, closeness, and politeness phenomena. Finally, the paper demonstrates that some judicial communication strategies employed by the interactional participants to indicate power in the native courts, may also be found in ordinary Akan conversation.
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Blitvich, Pilar Garcés-Conejos, and Maria Sifianou. "Im/politeness and discursive pragmatics." Journal of Pragmatics 145 (May 2019): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.03.015.
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Mufliharsi, Risa, and Heppy Atma Pratiwi. "POLITENESS PRINCIPLE: PRESIDENT JOKO WIDODO’S SPEECH ACT IN VIDEO BLOG." BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bahtera.181.07.
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ABSTRACT
The aim of the research is analyzing the utterances of Mr. Joko Widodo as president of Indonesia with vloggers. In this study, the writer analyzes the rules of president conducting his utterances at vloggers’ vlogs. The vlogs taken from skinnyindonesian24 which has 1.3M subscribers and Arif Muhammad which has 1.5M subscribers (data per November 25, 2018). The data taken and analyzed both qualitative and quantitative data. The elaboration of the methods used to measure language politeness, to count the data whether politenes or not. The data taken from Arif Muhammad’s vlog (1.596.033 subscribers) which entitle Ngevlog bareng Presiden and SkinnyIndonesian24 were created by brothers Andovi da Lopez and Jovial da Lopez’s vlogwho have 1.344.548 subscribers entitleHow to Become a President. The result of this research imply both of the vlogs Mr. Joko Widodo applies politeness strategies even in informal situation both vlogs. He acts extraordinary pragmatic forces and high politeness. So that, the audience gets the emotion, sympathy and persuasion of those who watches of them at vlog.
Keywords: politeness principal, speech acts, vlog, pragmatics
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Ernovilinda, Ernovilinda. "Politeness Strategy in Shanghai Knights Film." IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics) 5, no. 1 (November 17, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v5i1.571.
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Language is a communication tool for every human being and is used to convey ideas, messages, intentions, feelings, opinions to others or even to meet daily needs. Intercultural communication is a communication that frequently occurs in the community. Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that discusses aspects of language as a communication tool. When combined with culture, intercultural communication that occurs in society can be understood. In order for a speaker's language to be accepted in a society, he needs to fully understand the rules that apply in that society, including an understanding of the appropriate use of certain language functions or speech acts. There is a close relationship between pragmatics and the concept of politeness. Politeness is fundamental in pragmatics because this is a universal phenomenon in the use of language in social contexts. The focus of this research is to identify the politeness strategies used by the two main characters in the Shanghai Knights film, Chon Wang and Roy O'Bannon, and analyze them in terms of the cultural background of the two main characters. This is a qualitative descriptive study. The results show that the politeness strategy used is strongly influenced by their cultural background. The strategy used most often is the bald-on record strategy while the Off-record politenses strategy is the strategy that is the least used by the two main characters of the film. This suggests that an understanding of politeness strategies is needed to realize face-threatening actions (FTA). In other words, politeness strategies are used to maintain continuity and success in communicating.
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Aridah, Aridah. "Politeness Phenomena as a Source of Pragmatic Failure in English as a Second Language." TEFLIN Journal - A publication on the teaching and learning of English 12, no. 2 (September 3, 2015): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v12i2/149-166.
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Language should be learned in the cultural context of its speakers.This is because the speakers bring an intention in performing a linguistic act.Failure in understanding the intention of the speakers will lead to failure inresponding to the intended message and, thus, failure in using the language.The study of how language is used in a particular context or situation is thefocus of pragmatics. An important pragmatic issue concerns with politeness,i.e. showing awareness of another person's public self-image. This articlehighlights the politeness phenomena and the degree of success in learningEnglish. The issues discussed include the definition of politeness, strategies ofpoliteness, politeness in the Oriental cultures, politeness in the context ofIndonesian cultures, and the implication of politeness phenomena in theteaching of English.
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Haugh, Michael. "Disentangling face, facework and im/ politeness." Pragmática Sociocultural / Sociocultural Pragmatics 1, no. 1 (March 2013): 46–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soprag-2012-0005.
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Abstract It is generally assumed in pragmatics that face is essentially a “socially attributed aspect of self”, and that politeness is one kind of facework, alongside other forms of facework such as impoliteness, mock impoliteness, mock politeness, self politeness and so on. In this paper, the assumed necessary link between face and im/politeness is questioned. Drawing from emic studies of face and im/politeness, it is argued that face and im/politeness should be studied, in the first instance, as distinct objects of study in their own right. It is also suggested that drawing from a wider range of emic conceptualisations of face and im/politeness opens up aspects of interpersonal phenomena that have been relatively neglected in pragmatics to date, namely, the importance of relationships as well as the sets of expectancies that underpin evaluations of im/politeness, as distinct areas for theorisation and analysis. It is concluded that while the Goffmanian face(work) paradigm has proven very productive in pragmatics, drawing from various other emic understandings affords further hitherto relatively under-explored analytical opportunities in the study of interpersonal phenomena.
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Teo, Saw-Choo. "Leech, Geoffrey. The Pragmatics of Politeness." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 40, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.40.1.06teo.
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Yaghubyan, Marine. "The Use of Positive and Negative Politeness Strategies to Express Request in English and Armenian Cultures." Armenian Folia Anglistika 15, no. 1 (19) (April 15, 2019): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2019.15.1.141.
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Politeness is an indispensable topic in pragmatics. The standard of politeness may vary from group to group, from situation to situation and even from person to person. In pragmatics the principle of politeness is related to the choices that are made in the language usage, the linguistic expressions that give people space and express a friendly attitude.
The present article focuses on the examination and comparison of positive and negative politeness strategies to express request in English and Armenian cultures. The analysis shows that in Armenian culture positive politeness is highlighted. On the contrary, in English culture requests are made within negative politeness strategies.
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Xie, Chaoqun, Sheng You, and Xiaoying Wu. "The cognitive pragmatics of subtitling." Pragmatics and Cognition 22, no. 3 (December 31, 2014): 402–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.22.3.07xie.
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This paper features a critical review of the book Politeness and Audience Response in Chinese-English Subtitling. A brief introduction of the book’s content is given first, followed by a critical appraisal on merits and loopholes in the book. Furthermore, some interdisciplinary amendments — based on House’s (1998) comprehensive politeness theory and Lakoff’s (1987) embodiment concept — are put forward to remedy the loopholes in question. It is argued that covert translation works better in subtitling for it is compatible with different social norms at the micro level and universally explanative politeness maxims at the macro level. Another issue discussed in this paper is the pretextual influence on audience interpretation. Pretextual influence — or embodiment system which we render more pertinent in cognitive interpretation practice — can barely be mitigated in the audience’s interpretation. Given the audience’s potential misunderstanding derived from access to various pretextual experiences, the translator may as well transfer the right implications underneath paralinguistic behaviors to the subtitling in domesticalized terms.
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Aini, Aldila Arin, Sumarlam Sumarlam, and Dwi Purnanto. "Pragmatic Politeness in the Local Election: An Analysis of the Defeat of Agus-Silvy in 2017 DKI Jakarta Gubernatorial Elections." Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review 4, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ipsr.v4i1.14574.
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This research aims to analyze factors caused Agus-Sylvi’s losing in 2017 DKI Jakarta Governor election. This research analyzes Agus-Sylvi’s losing not only from politic sides, but also from pragmatics’ politeness. Pragmatic politeness in this research is according to Brown & Levinson’s theory (1987) which is based on the speakers and hearers’ faces. In collecting the data, the reseacher chooses considerably free method and note taking technique. Pragmatic based approach and contextual method are used to analyze the data. From all the data, the researcher had found 83 forms of politeness strategies which showed the form of politeness strategy used by Agus-Sylvi. Those politeness strategies are positive, negative, bald-off record, and across politeness strategies. The use of the most positive politeness strategy, offer and promise, revealed the way of Agus’Sylvi got lost in 2017 governor election of DKI Jakarta. It means that it is not good to use positive politeness too much because the hearers will judge the speakers as a person who loves to boast. The lack of negative politeness and bald-off politeness also revealed that Agus-Sylvi did not respect other participants of Jakarta’s2017 governor election. The non-dominant across politeness strategy proved that Agus-Sylvi could not compete in confessing their meaning pragmatically.
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Tiani, Riris. "Kesantunan Pragmatik Buya Hamka dalam Refleksi Novel Ayah Karya Irfan Hamka." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.12.1.46-54.
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Every one know Islamy person Buya Hamka. Buya said that politeness speech using not only to older people, but must begin from older people to younger’s one. Politeness speech also reflected leveling believed in God. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of courtesy speech Buya Hamka reflected in Irfan Hamka's novel AYAH. This research approach uses qualitative approach in Pragmatic study especially focuss on Politeness Pragmatics. Methods of data provision using the method refer to the technique of note, while the method of analysis using the contextual method with the theory Politeness Principle of Geoffrey Leech. The results of this study include a form of politeness consisting of two tact maxims, three generosity maxims, five sympathy maxims. Politeness principles has been formed on phares and sentences. Another result is nonlanguage factors which influence on Novel AYAH by Irfan Hamka using proverb in their speech.
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Al-Hindawi, Fareed H., and Musaab A. Raheem Alkhazaali. "A Critique of Politeness Theories." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0608.03.
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This paper presents a critique of politeness theories. As such, it aims to show the shortcomings and defects of the different theoretical foundations and pragmatic models of politeness. This work is hopefully supposed to be significant for the specialists and analysts in the field of pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and conversational analysis, ethnomethodology and communication studies. On the basis of the results of the criticism, it has been concluded that politeness theories suffer from different shortcomings and problems that lessen their efficiency in the successful analysis of interactive communication. Universalism, for instance, is not well-defined by Brown and Levinsons’ theory. Leech’s model is limited to some speech acts. Besides, his model is not clear whether to cover culture-specific as well as cross-cultural aspects of communication.
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Astia, Idda. "Politeness Strategy in Interlanguage Pragmatics of Complaints by International Students." IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics) 4, no. 2 (May 22, 2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v4i2.528.
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The study aims to investigate the speech acts of international students in Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya in giving complaints. This study focuses on the complaint speech acts and the politeness strategy which are produced by International students who have different cultural background. This study used qualitative approach because it observed the complaints speech acts of International students in applying the politeness strategy. There were four participants consist of three males and one female. They came from Mexico, Thailand, East Timor and Togo. The data were taken by purposive sampling. The data contained the complaints which were delivered by the international students conducted through chatting on WhatsApp. Those were collected, categorized, analyzed and concluded. Finally, it is inferred that complaint speech acts which used by showing irritation or disapproval expression and blame. Thus, in politeness strategy, social distance (age and status) and cultural background induce the way of giving complaints. Bald on record politeness strategy is used in the culture which has directness term. Moreover, negative politeness is applied by the complainer who has culture in indirectness term. Bald on record politeness strategy has the chance for face threatening acts (FTA) in the other hand, negative politeness strategy can avoid the FTA.
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Vlasyan, Gayane Rubenovna, and Irina Vladimirovna Kozhukhova. "Formal and Informal Russian Invitation: Context and Politeness Strategies." Russian Journal of Linguistics 23, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 994–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-994-1013.
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Invitation is a speech act which is perceived differently across cultures. Understanding the pragmatics of invitation requires knowledge of the notion of politeness and politeness strategies which comprise culture specific elements. Politeness is realized in various discourses, social contexts and speech acts. The purpose of the study is to identify politeness strategies in Russian invitation in formal and informal contexts in three age groups and see how they correspond to the understanding of politeness in Russian communicative culture. The empirical data for the study were obtained through discourse completion tests with 101 participants (issuers of the invitation) of different age and social status as well as through ethnographic observation. The research is based on Discourse Analysis and Politeness Theory (Brown & Levinson 1987; Larina2009, 2015; Locher 2006, 2013; Leech 2014; Mills 2003, 2017; Sifianou 1992; Terkourafi &Kadar 2017; Watts 2003, among others). We used discourse analysis to analyze the impact of the social and cultural context on the performance of invitation, the descriptive method which was used to analyze the pragmatic functions of invitation, as well as contextual interpretation of this speech act and the method of quantitative data processing. The study revealed some differences between a formal and informal invitation concerning politeness strategies and linguistic means of its expression. It also showed that in Russian culture issuing an invitation is not perceived as a face threatening speech act; in the analysed social contexts the preference is given to direct invitation, and the inviter’s imposition, as a rule, is perceived positively. The results contribute to a better understanding of Russian politeness and communicative style and can be implemented in intercultural pragmatics, intercultural communication and SL teaching.
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Xie, Chaoqun, and Juliane House. "Some aspects of pragmatics." Pragmatics and Cognition 17, no. 2 (August 18, 2009): 421–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.17.2.10xie.
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Part of current pragmatics research aims at opening up new avenues of inquiry by revisiting and revising some of its central topics and keywords, such as implicature, explicature, truth, varieties of meaning, meaning inference, relevance, politeness, and face. This review article attempts to contribute to this endeavor by making some comments on and beyond Kecskes and Horn’s (2007) Explorations in Pragmatics: Linguistic, Cognitive and Intercultural Aspects. With reference to certain Chinese linguistic and interactional actualities, this paper argues, among other things, that a speaker who conveys some truth to a hearer does not necessarily mean that the speaker is committed to that truth, that people with little social power may also manipulate the power of words in actual interaction, and that when it comes to making politeness evaluations, what one does may turn out to be more important and decisive than what one says.
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Terkourafi, Marina. "The pragmatics of politeness by Geoffrey Leech." Language 91, no. 4 (2015): 957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2015.0061.
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Adams, Michael. "Power, Politeness, and the Pragmatics of Nicknames." Names 57, no. 2 (June 2009): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/175622709x436369.
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MYERS, G. "The pragmatics of politeness in scientific articles." Applied Linguistics 10, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/applin/10.1.1.
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Soleimani, Hassan, and Maliheh Nouraei Yeganeh. "The Study of Politeness and Face in 2013 Presidential Election Candidates of Iran." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 5 (May 17, 2016): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0605.10.
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The present paper investigates pragmatic competence by considering some corpora of 2013 Iran presidential debates.The Fararu news source was used for sampling third debate. The present study examined two aspects of pragmatic competence for analyzing the materials. First, Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory was used to examine the positive and/or negative politeness of each candidate’s speech. Then, the study used the Pearson chi-square formula to examine the frequency of politeness strategies used by candidates. Second, Arundale’s (2010) face theory was used to analyze criticism responses exchanges between the candidates. The researchers assumed that, following the theories, pragmatic competence might have a great effect on election’s outcomes and mitigate the threat to candidates’ face. The findings showed a statistically significant difference between the frequencies of politeness strategies used by Iran’s 2013 presidential candidates. Moreover, there was one by one relation between the mitigating of face threatening acts and face constituting strategies used by candidaes. We hope the findings could add to the body of knowledge in both pragmatics and presidential election context.
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Hayashi, Takuo. "Cognitive pragmatics as an account of derivational machinery." East Asian Pragmatics 1, no. 2 (November 11, 2016): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/eap.v1i2.31126.
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The aim of this article is to advocate ‘cognitive pragmatics’, an approach which incorporates the insights of cognitive linguistics. It comes under the school of the ‘perspective view’ of pragmatics, which seeks to reveal (for all functional aspects of linguistic phenomena) the reason why the speaker chooses particular expressions (at any linguistic level or unit) to ‘adapt to’ the communicative needs of the situation. The author discusses several of such studies in Japan to demonstrate how the pragmatic choice of various constructions reflects the general cognitive abilities and principles of human beings. The topics of the research discussed in this article concern inferential meaning, information flow, parallel construction, and politeness, which represent four main facets of pragmatics. It contends that cognitive pragmatics provides us with a systematic account of how the selection of particular structures are related to their pragmatic effects.
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Haugh, Michael. "role of English as a scientific metalanguage for research in pragmatics." East Asian Pragmatics 1, no. 1 (April 13, 2016): 39–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/eap.v1i1.27610.
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Much of the theorisation undertaken in pragmatics has afforded English a privileged place, not only as the object of analysis but also as the means through which such theoretical discussions have been accomplished. Yet as a number of researchers have pointed out, the language in which the description, analysis, and theorisation of pragmatic phenomena is undertaken can have an influence on how the research object(s) in question are understood. In this article, the role of English as our scientific metalanguage in research on ‘politeness’ in Japanese is considered. It is argued that in order to start managing such challenges for research in pragmatics we need to go beyond the study of abstract or decontextualised meanings of words and move towards the analysis of emic concepts and emic practices. It is concluded that rather than abandoning notions such as ‘politeness’ in favour of seemingly less culturally imbued terms, what is needed instead is greater awareness of what the use of English as a scientific metalanguage both affords for researchers working in pragmatics, along with the challenges it can create for such work.
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Locher, Miriam A., and Tatiana V. Larina. "Introduction to Politeness and Impoliteness Research in Global Contexts." Russian Journal of Linguistics 23, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 873–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-873-903.
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Im/politeness research has been a solid and growing research field in sociolinguistics, pragmatics and discourse analysis during the last four decades. The scientific interest in this topic is not accidental and may be explained by the general pragmatic turn of modern interdisciplinary linguistic studies which are not focused on language as an abstract system, but on its functioning in various contexts and types of interaction. Knowledge of the strategies and politeness mechanisms used in various social and cultural contexts promotes mutual understanding in communication. In this introduction to the special issue on im/politeness in global contexts we will briefly position the topic of im/politeness research, and highlight advancements in im/politeness theory, method and data. We then turn to a brief synopsis of each individual paper and highlight the theoretical and methodological contributions and innovations proposed by our authors. We end with a discussion of the results and a brief outlook on future research.
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Kalisz, Roman. "A Concept of General Meaning: Selected Theories in Comparison to Selected Semantic and Pragmatic Theories." Research in Language 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-012-0024-6.
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The paper discusses a concept of general meaning with reference to various relevant semantic and pragmatic theories. It includes references to Slavic axiological semantics (e.g. Krzeszowski (1997); Puzynina (1992)), Wierzbicka’s (e.g. 1980, 1987) atomic expressions and classical pragmatics theories, such as speech acts, Gricean theory of conversational implicature, politeness theory and and relevance theory.
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Thi Bich Thuan, Le. "Character Analysis Through Politeness in A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 4 (May 2, 2017): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.4p.218.
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This paper analyses the grandmother, the main character, in A Good Man Is Hard to Find, one of Flannery O’Connor’s most famous short stories, in the light of pragmatic conversation, mainly including the theory of politeness. On the basis of the results, it has been concluded that the framework from pragmatics can provide effective tools for enhancing the understanding and interpretation of the character development in the study of literary works. This study is hopefully supposed to be beneficial for the specialists and analysts in the field of pragmatics and literature.
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Sárosi, Zsófia. "Pragmatics, sociopragmatics, and politeness research in Hungarian historical linguistics." Magyar Nyelv 111, no. 2 (2015): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18349/magyarnyelv.2015.2.129.
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Ben Amor, Imen Aribi. "Email as a mode of communication among Tunisian postgraduate students." International Journal of Learning and Teaching 9, no. 3 (September 5, 2017): 388–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijlt.v9i3.2381.
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Emails have great potential in facilitating academic communication. However, writing effective academic emails depends on many factors including students’ knowledge, experiences and perceptions about emails. According to Brown and Levinson (1987), people use certain politeness strategies to enhance face between themselves and their interlocutors. Yet, the underlying processes of email communication may be poorly understood, especially as far as politeness is concerned. This study seeks to examine the perceptions, practices and attitudes of 38 postgraduateTunisian students towards email communication through a questionnaire. The aim is to reveal whether the sociolinguistic and pragmatic dynamics of writing emails in English are adequately understood by Tunisian postgraduate students. The questionnaire comprises four parts which include email use, participants’ attitudes towards emails, email practices and social factors. Each section includes closed and open-ended questions. The findings show that the informants have a positive attitude towards the use of emails in their academic life. However, their perceptions concerning politeness and their comment on the effect of social factors show a relative variability. A possible avenue for pedagogical intervention with regard to the instruction of pragmatics in general and politeness routines in particular in email communication is presented.
Keywords: Emails, politeness, pragmatic competence, social factors.
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Sorlin, Sandrine. "The pragmatics of manipulation: Exploiting im/politeness theories." Journal of Pragmatics 121 (November 2017): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2017.10.002.
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Schepers, Bruna Milano. "Teaching Pragmatics: (im)politeness in an EFL classroom." BELT - Brazilian English Language Teaching Journal 5, no. 1 (August 19, 2014): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/2178-3640.2014.1.18070.
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Xie, Chaoqun, and Bingyun Li. "Book review: Geoffrey Leech, The Pragmatics of Politeness." Discourse & Society 29, no. 1 (December 19, 2017): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926517745928a.
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Atiqah, Annisaa Nurul, and Yerika Ayu Salindri. "PRINSIP KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA ANTARA PEMANDU WISATA DAN WISATAWAN JEPANG DI CANDI PRAMBANAN (KAJIAN ANALISIS PRAGMATIK)." Kepariwisataan: Jurnal Ilmiah 12, no. 01 (January 31, 2018): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47256/kepariwisataan.v12i01.96.
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The world of tourism is synonymous with services and services. One of service is tour guide. Tour guides are considered as the main actors in the world of tourism. Service actors interact directly with tourists to explain and provide assistance. Prambanan temple is the largest Hindu temple in Indonesia that holds much history. Therefore tour guide is the first source of information for foreign, especially Japanese. As a provision to communicate with Japanese tourists, need to understand the principle of language politeness in science pragmatic to support the success of communicating. This research uses descriptive qualitative method.
Keywords: Tour guide, principles of politeness, pragmatics
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Perren, Lew. "Pragmatics in Business Discourse: Mapping Territories, Diffusion and Adaptation." International Review of Pragmatics 2, no. 1 (2010): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187731010x494690.
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AbstractIn the IRP inaugural issue the editors highlighted that pragmatics is often an extra perspective subsumed into contexts and frames driven by other disciplines; they welcomed the acceleration of diffusion but warned against the possible distortion of "corner-stone" principles. This article maps the territory of business discourse studies and explores the diffusion of pragmatic ideas (deixis, implicature, speech acts, politeness, etc.). This leads to discussion of the nature of engagement and suggestions for the future.
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Kyono, Chiho. "Japanese politeness situated in thanking a benefactor." East Asian Pragmatics 2, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 25–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/eap.30468.
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The purpose of this study is to show how grammar interacts with pragmatics and to determine whether situated pragmatic meanings can be explained by Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory. To address these issues, this study examines Japanese speakers’ use of four benefactive auxiliary verbs in thanking an addressee for a kind deed. The results of two questionnaires indicated that, in thanking usage, ?te kureru, ‘give’, was used to indicate intimacy, whereas ?te morau, ‘receive’, signalled a speaker’s concern for the addressee’s trouble. Honorific forms showed significantly greater psychological distance and heightened attentiveness to the addressee’s welfare. Analysis of these results shows how different, yet metaphorically inferable from grammatical/semantic meanings, the situated meanings are. In so doing, it illustrates that the pragmatic inference and semantic change in thanking usage are channelled by a social norm among Japanese speakers, namely that of attending to another’s welfare or trouble. In contrast, maintenance of positive face did not explain the use of any of the studied linguistic forms in the speech act of thanking. The usage appeared not to be mediated by face, suggesting that face and politeness do not necessarily conflate.
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Sinha, Kanhaiya Kumar. "The Role of Pragmatics in Literary Analysis: Approaching Literary Meaning from a Linguistic Perspective." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 2, no. 2 (March 28, 2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v2i2.211.
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The present paper aims to produce a detailed account of the term ‘pragmatics’ and explore, by presenting and reviewing different models, its role in literature as it appears to be evident in different linguistic approaches to the study and analysis of literary genres. It is a fact that various pragmatic approaches such as speech act theory, conversational implicature, politeness theory, and relevance theory are developed mainly in relation to spoken interaction, yet, as some studies suggest, they offer invaluable insights to the study of literary texts. Consequently, the paper also strives to shed some light on the relationship these two terms – literature and pragmatics – enjoy so that their commonalities can be unmasked. It also tries to explore how pragmatics may help find out the ‘context’ and ‘meaning’ of literary discourse.
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Harared, Nico, and Siti Nurani. "SARCASM: MOCK POLITENESS IN THE BIG BANG THEORY." Elite English and Literature Journal 7, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/10.24252/elite.v7i2a7.
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Sarcasm has become an uncommon way to treat other’s faces in communication. However, the study of sarcasm has not yet been investigated thoroughly in the case of such daily illocutionary acts of the conversations. One of the sarcasm phenomena is mostly seen in the comedy situation of The Big Bang Theory. This research aims at analyzing mock politeness or sarcasm in the utterances of each character. The analysis focuses on describing the use of mock politeness in pragmatics context. The data was obtained from informal speech acts’ situations. The research carries out the descriptive qualitative method. The data was analyzed by using politeness strategy in examining the functions of mock politeness. The results show that sarcasm caused by the violation of pragmatic aspects in The Big Bang Theory releases in several types of utterances, they are: declarative, representative, and expressive. The function of sarcasm in this comedy situation mostly to create humors which are divided into several functions such as humor as a means of social critics, humor to satirize, and humor to mock.
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Citrawati, Ni Putu Evi Wahyu, I. Wayan Teguh, and Ni Putu N. Widarsini. "Pragmatic functions of Indonesian in the column “smart traveler” of the Bali tribun newspaper." Journal of Applied Studies in Language 4, no. 2 (December 6, 2020): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/jasl.v4i2.2110.
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This study aims to see the politeness of Indonesian in a printed daily newspaper published in Bali, namely the daily Tribun Bali which presents a page of a column called "Smart Traveler" that discusses tourism objects in Bali. In this study, two points were researched, namely the form of politeness and the form of Indonesian politeness based on the principle of politeness (Leech, 1993). Data obtained naturally by reading the daily Tribun Bali, especially the tourism column "Smart Traveler". Then the data is coded according to the function of the Indonesian language, especially in the field of pragmatics concerning the principle of politeness, and transcribed on the data card. The data then were analyzed using two aspects, namely, first, the data were analyzed to determine linguistic elements such as phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics in a predetermined time. Second, the data were analyzed and presented descriptively, then the results obtained were viewed from a theoretical perspective to find out why that was all that happened. In analyzing the data, the distributional method is used, which is working within the scope of the language itself without connecting things outside it.
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Lian, Min. "Discourse Analysis of Oliver Twist from the Perspective of Pragmatics." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 7, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0708.04.
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As a great representative of the British realism literature in the 19th century, Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist is set in foggy city London, but reflects the complex social reality in that time. Many domestic scholars studied and analyzed this novel from different perspectives, while most of them paid much attention to the literature translation and analysis of the characters’ image, few studied it from the perspective of pragmatic theories. In view of it, this paper selects plenty of dialogues from the novel and they are classified and analyzed on the basis of Grice’s Cooperative Principle and Leech’s Politeness Principle. After analyzing the characters’ conversational implicature, this paper aims to provide a linguistic reference for the appreciation of characters’ image and social significance of the novel. The paper consists of introduction, main body and conclusion three parts. Introduction part gives a simple introduction of the author Charles Dickens and the novel, then states the previous researches on the subject as well as the research angle, goal and method. The body (consists of two chapters) firstly gives a detailed introduction of the theoretical framework, then analyzes the selected dialogues on the basis of Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle respectively. Conclusion part puts forward that people always express their ideas indirectly and implicitly in their speech communication to violate the Cooperative Principle, that is out of consideration of politeness to others, namely observing Politeness Principle.
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Pramujiono, Agung. "Dari Mianzi Dan Lian Menuju Face: Dari Kearifan Lokal Cina Menuju Teori Kesantunan Yang Mendunia." Lingua Cultura 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2012): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v6i2.407.
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The politeness theory of Brown and Levinson (1987) about face is regarded as one very influential. In fact, it was rooted from Eastern local wisdom (ancient China), that is “mianzi” and “lian”. Mianzi represents social perceptions of one’s self-esteem built through lian as one’s morality. Politeness and limao have the same pragmatic basis but they can be perceived differently due to the varied cultural contexts underlying a speech community. In the intercultural pragmatics study, the differences should not form the sources of conflict but they should even be considered as varieties of pluralities about which the interactants should be understood in order that interpersonal communication activities can run harmoniously and can be avoided from all kinds of conflict and friction.
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Alahmad, Tarek Hider Mohammad. "Gender Differences in the Application of Linguistic Politeness Marker (Please) in Request: A Sociolinguistic Study Egyptians' Request to Microbus Drivers." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i3.17135.
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Linguistic politeness is considered a vexed question amid scholars and researchers alike which still, up to the date, a disputed phenomenon in the discipline of linguistics. This paper reports on a study that examined the gender differences in the stereotypical assumption that women are more polite than men in the use of request by the application of the Linguistic politeness marker (please) by Egyptians (Egypt, Mansours city). In the literature of linguistic politeness, the are many pioneers in the area as Culpeper et al. (2019) says that Maria Sifianou has enriched politeness research and pragmatics, viz. the inspection of the relationship amid universality and politeness. Furthermore, Leech (2014, p. 162) ,in The Pragmatics of Politeness, points out three different degrees of politeness from semantic sight in the account of the linguistic politeness marker "please" (a) Politeness marker (b) Illocutionary marker and (c) Information question marker. However, the linguistic politeness marker "please" is used to be uttered in requests as a general term to mitigate or soften the directive force of the speech event to addressee. Researchers and scholars who address the speech event request have spent considerable effort in classifying the variety of strategies for requesting in Anglophone. Moreover, Brown and Levinson’s model (1987, p. 68–9) proposed five “superstrategies” for doing FTAs, of which requests were a paradigm case. In this study, the data were collected from the Egyptians riders who were going to their destinations in Mansoura city, Egypt. There are two groups (a) women (100) and (b) men (100). The participants are speaking in the local vernacular Arabic (Egyptian dialect). They came from random social background. Further, there are a table and a chart to illustrate the gender differences amid the two groups of women and men.
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Locher, Miriam A. "Interpersonal pragmatics and its link to (im)politeness research." Journal of Pragmatics 86 (September 2015): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2015.05.010.
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J, Rini Afrilesa. "The Violations of Politeness Principle In Hate Speech By Haters To Barbie Kumalasari As The Actrees of Indonesia In Youtube Comments." Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 4, no. 2 (August 2, 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v4i2.475.
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YouTube is a video sharing website that is growing rapidly among the public. Children to adults love to watch YouTube. They can freely search for any videos they want. Comment pages are also available for those who want to provide responses to the video. Sometimes comments from netizens are not only positive but can also be negative. Negative comments are given in the form of hate speech. In understanding of the hate speech an understanding of the context is needed. Pragmatics is a language science that talks about context. Context is very closely related to politeness. The hate speech is utterances that violate the rules of politeness. The using of hate speech by the Barbie Kumalasari’s haters proved to violate of politeness principle. The purpose of this study was to describe the form of violation of politeness principle carried out by the Barbie Kumalasari haters. Data was obtained from comments of YouTube channel netizens on the Rumpi No Secret program which featured Barbie Kumalasari as a guest star. This research is qualitative research that use pragmatic discourse analysis. There are several forms the violations of politeness principle performed by the haters of Barbie Kumalasari including: approbation maxim and agreement maxim.
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Setyawati, Anisa, and Silpia Rahayu. "THE ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS IN HARRY POTTER CHAPTER 1 MOVIE." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 3, no. 5 (September 21, 2020): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i5.p633-640.
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Nowadays, movie is a media which has a biggest impact for the people. With movie people can learn about language. Language is procedure by human for communication with other people. Pragmatics is the strategies to analyze what the purposes of the utterance understanding, in pragmatics there have politeness to known how people express their negative and positive face. When people approximately impressive that threatens an additional face, it is shows how a face threatening act’s (FTA’s). When people talk with the other they apply positive and negative face in communication to save threatening acts. This article examines is how the analysis of politeness in Harry Potter Chapter 1 Movie. The author tries to analyze negative face, positive face on dialogue in this movie. Politeness strategies can be finds from face threat and how the speakers produce the words and gesture to communicate between actor in the characters. This research is observes by the author, because the subject on this research are movie to known how the actor and actress used their face in the dialogue of it. The result in this research aims it is essential for language learners study about politeness principles in instruction to increase a good communication.Keywords: Face Threatening Act’s, Negative and Positive Face, Movie, Politeness.
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Marpudianto, Kharis. "POSITIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES USED BY DAVID MUIR AND DONALD TRUMP ON “ABC NEWS” AND IN “CHARLIE ROSE SHOW”." ETNOLINGUAL 4, no. 1 (August 22, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/etno.v4i1.21312.
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Abstract This research examines Donald Trump and David Muir’s Utterances on ABC News and in Charlie Rose Show. The researcher also focuses positive politeness used by David Muir and Donald Trump. The researcher mainly utilized Pragmatics theory by Brown and Levinson which consists of four strategies, there are positive politeness, negative politeness, bald on record, and off record but, the researcher only focuses in positive politeness. As the methodology, the researcher used descriptive-qualitative approach to concern the description and the interpretation of Donald Trump videos. Under descriptive-qualitative method, this research significantly gives a wider understanding about how linguistic subjects emerges through pragmatics structure. The researcher gathered the data by downloading the interviews of Donald Trump on ABC News and in Charlie Rose Show, also the factors that influenced positive politeness used by David Muir and Donald Trump. As the result, there are 28 data were collected in this research and contained 10 types of positive politeness strategies based on Brown and Levinson’s theory. Moreover, there are two factors that influenced David Muir and Donald Trump. Those are social distance and relative power. Keywords: Pragmatics, Politeness Strategy, Positive Politeness, Donald trump, David Muir.Abstrakpenelitian ini meneliti ucapan Donald Trump dan David Muir di ABC News dan Charlie Rose Show. Peneliti juga memfokuskan pada strategi kesantunan positif yang digunakan oleh David Muir dan Donald Trump. Peneliti menggunakan teori pragmatik dari Brown and Levinson yang terdiri dari empat strategi yaitu, kesantunan positif, kesantunan negatif, ujaran secara langsung, ujaran secara tidak langsung. Tetapi, peneliti hanya lebih fokus di strategi kesantunan positif. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang berhubungan dengan deskripsi dan interpretasi dari video Donald Trump. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif bisa memberikan pengertian lebih luas tentang pelajaran linguistik dengan melalui teori pragmatik. Peneliti memperolah data dengan mengunduh video wawancara Donald Trump di ABC News dan Charlie Rose Show dan ada dua faktor yang mempengaruhi David Muir dan Donald Trump. Sebagai hasil dari penelitian ini, peneliti menemukan 28 data yang terdapat di penelitian ini dan ada 10 macam srategi kesantunan positif. Selain itu ada 2 sebab yang mempengaruhi David Muir dan Donald Trump untuk melakukan strategi kesopanan positif yaitu jarak sosial dan kekuasaan tidak mutlak. Kata kunci: Pragmatik, Strategi Kesantunan, Kesantunan Positif, Donald Trump, David Muir.
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Torres, Joel. "Politeness Strategies vis-à-vis Genders and Exposures to Western Culture: The Case of ‘The Voice of the Philippines’ Coaches." International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies 1, no. 3 (October 25, 2020): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v1i3.1.
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Politeness is one of the key concepts in Speech Act Theory, a major field in pragmatics. In a television platform, a number of studies were done to determine the politeness strategies performed by hosts and judges; however, none so far has focused on comparing them based on gender and cultural background. Using a corpus composed of 30 Blind Auditions video-clips randomly selected from YouTube, the present study aimed at describing the politeness strategies employed by The Voice of the Philippines’ coaches with emphasis on their genders and exposures to Western culture. Coaches’ utterances were classified following Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness strategies which include (a) bald on record, (b) perform speech acts using positive politeness, (c) perform speech acts using negative politeness, (d) indirect speech act or off the record.
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Torres, Joel. "Politeness Strategies vis-à-vis Genders and Exposures to Western Culture: The Case of ‘The Voice of the Philippines’ Coaches." International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies 1, no. 3 (October 25, 2020): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v1i3.1.
Full textAbstract:
Politeness is one of the key concepts in Speech Act Theory, a major field in pragmatics. In a television platform, a number of studies were done to determine the politeness strategies performed by hosts and judges; however, none so far has focused on comparing them based on gender and cultural background. Using a corpus composed of 30 Blind Auditions video-clips randomly selected from YouTube, the present study aimed at describing the politeness strategies employed by The Voice of the Philippines’ coaches with emphasis on their genders and exposures to Western culture. Coaches’ utterances were classified following Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness strategies which include (a) bald on record, (b) perform speech acts using positive politeness, (c) perform speech acts using negative politeness, (d) indirect speech act or off the record.
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McLelland, Nicola. "Mining foreign language teaching manuals for the history of pragmatics." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 19, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 28–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.00012.mcl.
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Abstract Foreign language learning manuals can be valuable sources for the history of pragmatics and historical pragmatics. They may contain explicit guidance on pragmatics not found in native-speaker grammars. For example, accounts of German forms of address in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English–German manuals provide evidence of changing views on the appropriateness of ihr and Sie earlier than does the “native” grammatical tradition. The bilingual model dialogues that are typical of such manuals may also implicitly model appropriate linguistic behaviour, demonstrated here by examining the communicative genre of bargaining in a series of three related English–Dutch language manuals of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Furthermore, the dialogues may provide metalinguistic comment on linguistic behaviour – for example, by criticizing the culture of excessive negative politeness. Such sources can enrich our knowledge of language use and attitudes to language use in the area of politeness, complementing the evidence to be gleaned from mainstream native grammars, civility manuals, merchants’ guides, and the like.
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Vanesyan, Hovhannes. "Politeness and Its Perception by Armenian Learners of English: From Theory to Action." Armenian Folia Anglistika 15, no. 1 (19) (April 15, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2019.15.1.053.
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The study of the mechanisms of politeness in society has been a subject of interest for scholars of linguistics since the 20th century with the development of pragmatics and sociology. The aim of the current article is to introduce the most popular politeness theories as well as investigate how linguistic politeness is understood and used by students of English. We have conducted a social survey with students of English at the Department of European languages and Communication to see how well they perceive linguistic politeness in its two forms – negative and positive – as suggested by Brown and Levinson in their seminal work “Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage”. As a result, we have arrived at some interesting conclusions with regards to the way the students understand the two types of politeness, and at the same time we have offered some ways of improving the “lacuna” in their knowledge in relation to the appropriate use of politeness in interaction.
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Ulfah, Anisa. "STRATEGI LANGSUNG KESANTUNAN TINDAK DIREKTIF GURU TAMAN KANAK-KANAK." HUMANIS: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 12, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/humanis.v12i2.2112.
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The kindergarten students tend to learn by imitating people behavior andlanguage hence the teacher itself must use polite and understandable language as statedin the standard academic qualifications and competence for kindergarten teacher.Politeness in language is closely related to the social norm in particular society. Thus thegoal of this research is to describe a teachers’ direct politeness in kindergarten that focuson politeness strategy function of politeness. This study used qualitatif method in the formof language research by using socio pragmatics. In collecting the data, the researcherwas an observer. The data of this research was in the form of data form, strategy and theteacher’s function in direct politeness accompanied by recording session in the learningactivities in the class. According to data analysis, it was found a description politeness inkindergarden teacher that was explained in politeness strategy covered (1) direct strategywithout politeness and (2) direct strategy with politeness covered. Based on the findings,the reseacher makes a conclusions is the use of direct strategy often regarded as lesspolite is often used by the teacher due to increase learning interaction.
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Alsagoff, Lubna, Zhiming Bao, and Lionel Wee. "Why You Talk Like That?" English World-Wide 19, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.19.2.05als.
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In this paper, we examine one wh-construction in Singapore English, which signals a demand for justification, and show that there is a systematic correlation between its structural and pragmatic properties. We suggest that this wh-construction is based on the imperative, and inherits the structural properties associated with the relatively more polite version of the imperative. In Singapore English, this is the version that makes explicit mention of the second person subject, whereas in Standard English the use of you in the imperative decreases politeness. After a careful comparison of the pragmatics of the imperative in Standard English, Singapore English and Chinese, we conclude that the asymmetry between the why-construction in Standard English and in Singapore English can be accounted for by substrate influence from Chinese, from which the Singaporean construction has inherited its politeness constraints.
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SM, Syafrianto. "A A Politeness Analysis on Teachers Voices, A Pragmatics Study." ENGLISH JOURNAL OF INDRAGIRI 3, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/eji.v3i2.695.
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Politeness is a visible feature in communication. A conversation is regarded as a polite conversation and an impolite one occasionally. The context is a meaningful aspect to acknowledge this meaning. It covers age, situation, place, relationship, etc. Mode of communication may also be acknowledged as a context. Along with the globalization era, mode of communication also grows and thrives to be diverse modes such as telephone and social media which enable people to communicate in face-to-face communication. One of the renowned modes is Facebook. In Facebook, as it is known that there are miscellaneous areas of people creating some groups to communicate where one may post or/ and comment on other’s wall. What the members do in point of fact is like what they do in the real conversation. As in the real society, they should also consider how to be polite in virtual communication. Thus, this paper is to discuss the politeness principles & strategies in Facebook conversation. The excerpts of the conversation are obtained from a professional group named Teachers Voices (TV). The group's members were academicians such as lecturers, teachers, graduate students and others who are interested in English language studies.