Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pragmatiques'
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Quelhas, Ana Cristina. "Raisonnement conditionnel : modèles mentaux et schèmas pragmatiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10086.
Full textNowadays, what is the theoretical model that provides the best understanding of the deductive reasoning processes? this work tries to provide an answer to such question. Whilst trying to articulate a cognitive model with a social model of reasoning, we focused our attention on the mental models theory (johnson-laird, 1983; johnsonlaird & byrne, 1991) and on the pragmatic reasoning schemes theory (cheng & holyoak, 1985, 1989). Bounded to these two theories, we studied the conditional reasoning and we obtained an experimental device with two tasks : conditional syllogisms (modus ponens and modus tollens) and "cards selection". Both types of tasks were applied to a population made up of four age groups : 8 years, 11 years, 14 years and 18 years old (total of subjects = 2616). Although the obtained results confirm the hypotheses presented by the mental models theory, they do not confirm, on their majority, those of the pragmatic reasoning schemes theory. In fact, results show the importance of a qualitative study of the subjects' answers, taking into account their pragmatic suitability, and thus increasing our understanding of human reasoning. This study must be based on logical validity criteria and also, and above all, on pragmatic validity criteria, according to the semantic contents of the tasks
Maré-Girault, Sandrine. "L'organisation qualifiante : Perspectives, limites théoriques et pragmatiques." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUEL252.
Full textSome surveys conducted at Renault show that certain organizations don't produce an increase of qualification because they don't further some cognitive factors, by reason of organizational factors that can be described : a lack of flexibility in : the work-shop priorities, the task's division between the different professional families, the width of the activity, the degree of involvement in activity, the workers' skill, the workers' availability, the activating of training practices and the foremen's faith in the workers. Finally the text shows that the actual practices and definitions of work organization are incompatible with an increase of qualification as long as : - the practices of organization imply a distinction between the workers and the organizers. - the work organization and the training organization are divided
Teramoto, Takahiro. "Les conditions hermeneutico-pragmatiques d'une reflexion theologique." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR20026.
Full textComposed of nine studies, this thesis has for its objective to make a detailed examination of a number of central questions which have been raised in light of the "hermeneutic-pragmatic turn", and to prolong this examination in one analysis which is specifically consecrated to the linguistic, ethical and theological reflection. This examination is directed by three principal questions : the great metaphilosophical debates of this century (the first four studies) ; the criticism of abstract scientism and logicism (the fifth study) ; the controversy concerning the methods in human sciences (the sixth study). The seventh study pursues critivally chomsky's "generative grammar" of chomsky for the purpose of arriving at the pragmatic of language. The eighth study demonstrates in what manner the subject who speaks implicates himself ethically in his act of discourse. From the conjunction between pragmatic and hermeneutic, the last study characterizes the reflection of theologians as a <> of theological language games
CHOI, EUNSOON. "Aspects semantiques et pragmatiques de l'indefini tel." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20005.
Full textQuelhas, Ana Cristina. "Raisonnement conditionnel: Modeles mentaux et schemas pragmatiques." Doctoral thesis, Université de Provence, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1834.
Full textAlzein, Imad. "Les erreurs pragmatiques en français chez les étudiants libanais." Nancy 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN21030.
Full textOur study, based on a written corpus, deals with the inventory and analysis of a prototype of errors that Lebanese students make in French. Such an analysis is in keeping with the researches in applied linguistics. The identified errors, classified by items, are analyzed from the linguistic point of view in order to draw up hypothesis about their origin and the mechanism that caused them. The errors that we pointed out vary. They can refer to the use of verbs, nouns, adjectives, substitutes, etc. They can be syntactic, semantic or lexical. This analysis aims at determining the causes of these errors, resulting from various factors such as : lack of knowledge of the French system, lack of vocabulary, fear of making errors, interference. The errors resulting from interference and their process have been defined in this study as well as the interlanguage. All these errors put into question the status of the French language in the Lebanese society compared to English, the teaching methods, the teachers' skilled, the schools (private or public)
Azzaoui-Ihda, Boubker. "Quelques connecteurs pragmatiques en arabe littéraire : approche argumentative et polyphonique." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0304.
Full textUsing the framwork of the theory of argumentation developped by ducrot and anscombre, a treatment of the pramatic connectors bal, lakin, hatta and lasiyyma of the standard arabic is given. The proposed analysis confirms the hypothesis about the argumentative nature of natural languages
Williams, Malcolm. "Interférences syntaxiques et pragmatiques en anglais du Pays de Galles." Grenoble 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE39011.
Full textNina, Armand. "La traduction du cliché dans les textes pragmatiques, définition, repérage, équivalences." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ36729.pdf.
Full textNina, Armand J. "La traduction du cliché dans les textes pragmatiques : définition, repérage, équivalences." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4300.
Full textMayen, Patrick. "Compétences pragmatiques en situation de communication professionnelle : une approche de didactique professionnelle." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H049.
Full textWhat skills do professionals use to face verbal communication tasks with others? And what connections are there between knowledge referring to a professionnal fiel and skills to communicate on things and events belongin to this professionnal fiel? The research presented here fits in with professionnal didactic that can be defined as a process of psychological analysis of the work in order to work out plans or situations of training. The research relies on the theory of knowledge sudied by vergnaud and widely resorts to the logical theory of speech acts and the works on verbal interactions. The analysis of the reception clerk's work in garages relies on an empirical material composed of the transcriptions of 353 registered dialogues corresponding to the activities of 19 subjects. The results show that the reception clerk is at the interface between on one hand the customer and on the other hand the workshop. This entitles a double skills, a technical one and a commercial one learnt on the site. There are relations between the skills those technicians of origine have put together to diagnose, repair and the pragmatic skills they have developped to listent, to question, to understand, to explain and to give arguments. Skills are structured round the use of two conceptuel fields, the one of the workshop, formed by human and technical habilities and restraints the reception clerk has and the other of the customer
Ferret, Olivier. "ANTHAPSI : un système d'analyse thématique et d'apprentissage de connaissances pragmatiques fondé sur l'amorçage." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189116.
Full textCalame-Gippet, Fabienne. "Le jeu de langage dans l'histoire pour enfants : Approches historiques textuelles et pragmatiques." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUEL126.
Full textThis search is forming an approximation about the specific aspect of actual children's stories with puns plays on language. The first part is an historical study, necessary to base the composition of a bibliography. The object of the second part, after introducing the state of studies about plays on language, in general and also in children's world, is to explain theoretic choices allowing to define some assumptions on the specific aspects of such stories from the textual and pragmatical point of view; on the one hand making a distinction with similar styles like nursery rhymes, poetry, comic little stories, tales, on the other hand, showing the problematic of the functioning of puns -which belong to the poetic order- in a narrative system. In the third part, hypothesis are tested with the study of representative stories and of investigations realised from audition of some stories. Determination of constant elements result in a proposal of a textual and pragmatical typology as also the valuation of the interest of other sorts of search, in sociolinguistics, pragmatics and psycholinguistics
Ferret, Olivier. "Anthapsi : un systeme d'analyse thematique et d'apprentissage de connaissances pragmatiques fonde sur l'amorcage." Paris 11, 1998. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189116.
Full textSave-Pédebos, Jessica. "Étude des aspects pragmatiques et émotionnels du langage chez des enfants opérés d'hémisphérotomie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB224.
Full textChildren with medically refractory epilepsy caused by extensive hemispheric lesions are the best candidate for hemispherotomy in order to cure epilepsy. It leads the patient to the amazing situation of living with the one controlateral isolated and safe hemisphere. The topic of this research concerns pragmatic and emotional aspects of language in a large population of 40 hemispherotomized children. Our aim was to study development of language, peculiarly pragmatic skills and emotion comprehension, and analyse their socio-cognitive profile according to side and age at surgery, considering hemispheric specialization and developmental cognitive plasticity. Pragmatic disorders were found in 40% of patients. More frequent pragmatic disorders were observed after right hemispherotomy among children operated after the age of 18 months, independently of lexical or syntactic comprehension. We demonstrated a correlation between pragmatic language impairment and deficits in executive functions. We showed a long term deficit in facial emotion recognition abilities in this population. Finally, the longer was the duration of epilepsy and the later was the surgery, the worst was their emotion comprehension of stories, promoting early surgery to improve their linguistic and socio-cognitive development
Wennerholm, Anita. "Comment traduire les phènomenes culturels? : Analyse des adaptations pragmatiques et sémantiques d'un blog." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-52238.
Full textPrevot, Laurent. "Structures sémantiques et pragmatiques pour la modélisation de la cohérence dans des dialogues finalisés." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333102.
Full textDascalu, Camelia Mihaela. "La référence à soi chez les enfants atteints d'autisme. Perspectives sémantiques, pragmatiques et cognitives." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030167/document.
Full textThis research focuses on self-reference in the speech of autistic children. Throughout this work, two main objectives were developed. The first was to show that self-reference depends on the cognition of the person. Consequently, the autistic person will manifest a different cognition over the long term, expressed qualitatively in terms of speech. The second objective was to integrate self-reference in its typical and autistic use into a semantic, pragmatic and cognitive theory.For the first objective, I based my analysis on three French corpora: a longitudinal corpus of a neurotypical child and two corpora of two children with autism. The analysis of the corpora showed that the three children construct their self-reference similarly, they build on their communicative intentions and the input. However, the two autistic children’s mental model of self-reference is determined by cognitive mechanisms that function differently for them. This results in self-reference expression characterized by the long-term use of non-standard forms, in parallel with the standard first person forms.For the second objective, I compared two contemporary theories of reference: the direct reference theory (David Kaplan) and the neo-Fregean theory (Gareth Evans) which are known as two philosophies of reference (in relation to the speaker). Evans’ mentalist position can make sense of what happens at the mental level when one refers to oneself: in all cases, reference to oneself is actually achieved through a specific and epistemic presentation
Van, der Henst Jean-Baptiste. "L'influence du langage sur le raisonnement : facteurs pragmatiques et pertinence dans le raisonnement relationnel." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0009.
Full textBontaz-Escoubeyrou, Sabine. "Fonctionnements cognitivo-langagiers en contextes pragmatiques de communication : (à propos de "Pareil-Pas pareil)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10043.
Full textPrévot, Laurent. "Structures sémantiques et pragmatiques pour la modélisation de la cohérence dans des dialogues finalisés." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30008.
Full textDhiabi, Tijani. "Polysémie et polyfonctionnalité du mot "si" : propriétés syntaxiques, sémantiques et pragmatiques en français préclassique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2001/document.
Full textThis thesis is a part of researches that deals with linguistic change has two main objectives. Firstly, to elaborate a full description of all the usages of the French word “si” (if) in pre-classical French. Secondly, to indicate the forms its uses in the pre-classical era, which is no longer used where they give way to other forms and other usages in French modern language. The first part deals with the history of the term “si” (if), dating from the pre-classic era to our contemporary age, however the second and the third examines the adverbial and conjunctional uses of this word as it appears in the pre-classical language. This study, which relies on examples taken from old literary works written during the beginning, the middle and the end of this era from 1550 to 1650, is on line with the theorists of Discourse analysis approaches whose postulates make it possible to account for the different types of syntactic, semantic, enunciative and pragmatic analysis. Then, the pre-classic “si” (if), if he shares common properties with its modern usage, there it is worth noting that no use of the pre-classical language corresponds perfectly to its current language. Furthermore, the modern “si” (if) is closer in its usage to modern than the medieval one. Despite this divergence, the pre-classical uses of the word “si” (if) tend to deviate from its uses of the medieval period and move progressively towards the system of the language of today
Popescu, Vladimir. "Formalisation des contraintes pragmatiques pour la génération des énoncés en dialogue homme-machine multi-locuteurs." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343846.
Full textCloutier, Lynda. "Aspects pragmatiques et non verbaux de l'interaction de pères avec leur fils agressif d'âge préscolaire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26660.pdf.
Full textLapointe, Luc. "Les "nouveaux" groupes terroristes islamistes : des utopistes pragmatiques : étude de cas d'al-Qaida en Iraq." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27808/27808.pdf.
Full textFagnoni, Philippe. "L'évaluation pharmaco-économique, outil d'optimisation des thérapeutiques en milieu hospitalier : applications pragmatiques en onco-hématologie." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA0013.
Full textPharmaco-economy aims to bring supportive tools to health decision-makers in order to make rational choices between available health strategies. The first presented study compares direct hospital medical costs for acute myeloid leukaemia, valued according to different approaches : the analytic accounting system of our hospital and other DRG based national valuation methods. The second study assesses the pharmaco-economic profile of erythropoïetin in patients with breast cancer treated by adjuvant-chemotherapy. The third study aims to evaluate the medico-economic profile of a first-line high-dose therapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplant support in adults with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. - Finally, our work has shown the importance of pharmaco-economy in onco-hematology. Its adoption by all hospitable actors to optimise the costs, the practices and / or the good use of medicines, seems to us to be one of the future developmental vectors of the discipline
Rémon, Joséphine. "Intégrer Internet dans un enseignement de langue : une simulation ludique et collaborative pour l'apprentissage d'aspects pragmatiques en FLE." Phd thesis, Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE2005.
Full textDuboisdindien, Guillaume. "Analyse multimodale des marqueurs pragmatiques au sein du vieillissement langagier en situation de Trouble Cognitif Léger." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100017.
Full textThe present PhD thesis presents the multimodal video corpus VIntAGe (Videos to study Interactions in AGEing) with the principal aim to describe the effects of aging in Mild Cognitive Impairment situation on pragmatic and communicative skills. We take as observable variables the verbal pragmatic markers and non-verbal pragmatic markers. This approach, at the interface of the psycholinguistics, cognitive and the speech and language pathology is part of a longitudinal research process in an ecological situation.The first part of the manuscript details the scientific expertise and knowledge related to the cognitive aging, to the multimodal communication and to the clinical pragmatics (Chap 1 to 3). The second part describes our research questions and our methods step by step: (i) from the selection of the five female participants over 75 years old with initial and longitudinal psychometric tests; (ii) to the collect and the analysis of the multimodal data; (iii) to finish on the multidimensional and statistical data analysis and the interpretation of the results (Chap 4 to 5).Our general findings indicate that with aging, verbal pragmatic markers acquire an interactive function that allows people with Mild Cognitive Impairment to maintain intersubjective relationships with their interlocutor. In addition, at the non-verbal level, gestural manifestations are increasingly mobilized over time with a preference for non-verbal pragmatic markers with a referential function and an adaptative function. The studies focusing on people with Mild Cognitive Impairment require longitudinal corpora i) to understand their evolution, ii) to provide the implication of the cognitive resilience in each individual (i.e. compensation, adaptation and heterogeneity), and iii) to take advantage of these parameters as evidence for research and earlier rehabilitation. We aim to show the benefits of linguistic and interactional scientific investigation methods through cognitive impaired aging, for clinicians and family caregivers
Demaitre-Lahaye, Cristina. "De la représentation discursive à la communication dissuasive : perspectives pragmatiques en matière de prévention du suicide." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H048.
Full textThe dissertation From Schematization to Dissuasive Communication. Pragmatic Perspectives on Suicide Prevention studies dissuasion in verbal interaction focusing on Romanian, French and English languages. The objective is to identify strategies used by anonymous speakers in order to prevent suicide. So we collected and analyzed ethnographic data (accounts and personal notes on the activities of some social Romanian and French centers), web data (forums) and literature (Norman, 'night Mother, 1983). The pragmatic analysis highlights various acts (protest, (un)council, prohibition, suggestion), as well as strategies of mitigation (indirect speech acts, positive and negative politeness). By comparing the profane and professional talk, we demonstrate that the imperative is irrelevant in the pursuit of a dissuasive effect, and we discuss on the conversational structure of social contexts of communication. It turns out that schematizations vary under the influence of situational factors. We propose the concept of reference change as evidence of dissuasive influence. All in all, we attempt to describe the pattern of dissuasion as a communicative type based on concrete situations of dissuasive talk. The theoretical and methodological dimensions should contribute to the development of fundamental and applied research
Cao, Wenjie. "Modélisation et prototypage d'une méthodologie de génération intégrant les informations pragmatiques, syntaxiques et de contrôle de prosodie." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0088.
Full textThe topic of the thesis is to ameliorate the speech synthesis by starting from abstract semantic representations, and pragmatic information (affect, emotions, and maybe dialogue context). The thesis shows that the naturalness of synthesized speech can be ameliorate by directly inserting annotations (in the format of SSML, SABLE or XML) into the text to be pronounced in order to control various parameters (energy, voice type, prosody); but also through parameterizing the procedure of natural language generation, starting from an abstract representation, integrating the selection of lexicon and of syntax, as well as the control of prosody
Chaigneau, Anne. "Aspects pragmatiques du langage et dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne : étude comparative des interactions verbales en milieu familial." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT5006.
Full textSilve, Suzete. "Étude comparative de quelques connecteurs pragmatiques dans des textes écrits en français avec leur traduction en portugais brésilien." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0015/NQ51975.pdf.
Full textChaminaud, Stéphanie. "Développement de la compréhension du langage non littéral de 4 ans à l'âge adulte : aspects pragmatiques et métapragmatiques." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT5003.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to study the comprehension and the metapragmatic knowledge of three forms of nonliteral language (indirect requests / hints, idioms and conversational implicatures) in same participants. The comprehension is evaluated with a paradigm which exhibits the characteristics of natural language-production situations and meets the methodological requirements of experimental method. The results show that the context drives the understanding at different ages according to the nonliteral language forms, that there is an acquisition order of nonliteral language forms and that metapragmatic knowledge also depends of language domain to be acquired. Moreover, we show that the comprehension of phonologic-syntactic language-impaired children is relatively preserved. In conclusion, nonliteral language should not be studied as a category acquired at a given age
Delorme, Benjamin. "Les énoncés nominaux dans le roman contemporain de langue anglaise: implications sémantiques et pragmatiques de la prédication averbale." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040195.
Full textBased on a corpus of 20th century novels, this study examines the forms and functions of verbless sentences in contemporary English prose. It first points out the origins of the problem, from Plato to Benveniste, and draws a parallel between verbless sentences and other predicative types, such as apposition or absolute clauses. It then looks at the syntactic characteristics of the occurrences, which feature predicative or existential noun (or adjectival) groups in which the subject almost always remains implicit. In texts, they are regularly used for focusing on the sensory dimension of events, a property due to the absence of conjugated verb form: in an utterance lacking tense and person markers, the predicate may shift from the narrator’s viewpoint to any other perspective relevant in the context. Verbless sentences are to be found in all genres of novels, yet their distribution in the corpus shows they are regularly associated to a limited number of rhetorical functions, e. G. Opening or closure of a paragraph, causal clauses, description of a scene’s layout and protagonists, or mention of a pause in a course of events. The study concludes that the use of verbless sentences supports the hypothesis of a natural metalanguage
Nadeau, Maude. "Relations entre les habiletés pragmatiques perçues, manifestées et observées et la qualité des interactions en maternelle 5 ans." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33937.
Full textNóbrega, Germana Menezes da. "Une approche dialectique à la formation de théories : aspects conceptuels, formels et pragmatiques dans le cadre de l'apprentissage humain." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20096.
Full textCodadu, Pratap. "Principes pragmatiques pour une théorie de la persuasion conversation : élément pour une conception "non conflictuelle" du discours oral interactif." Nancy 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN21008.
Full textThe present thesis seeks, somewhat unusually, to account for the persuasion phenomenon as it occurs in the ordinary conversation. Underlying such a choice is the assumption that persuasion constitutes an implicit goal pursued in all our verbal interactions. Being an elocutionary effect. Persuasion cannot be accounted for within the frame-work of the illocutionary theory. Hence, a new theory - a theory of conversational persuasion - was developed. Distinguishing a context oriented discours from the traditional speaker oriented discourse; it conceptualizes a new mode of communication the non conflictual mode obtained when the principle of situational legitimacy is skillfully exploited. This can be observed by taking into account the recurrence of the effect produced which, in fact, translates the inter-actional role assigned to the utterance. Hence, it is necessary to envisage discourse structure in terms of dialogic units. When generalized this principle can be envisaged assa general non conflictual constraint on discourse elaboration. Innate to all speakers, such a principle enables us to account for nearly all problematic of discourse analysis left out by the illocutionary theory, thus questioning its very validity as a discourse theory
Ryckebusch, Céline. "Développement des compétences pragmatiques avant trois ans : communication avec le père et avec la mère selon le type d'activité." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT5028.
Full textFerrera-Tourenc, Virginie. "Démarche qualité en biologie et transfusion sanguine : fondements théoriques, approches expérimentales et pragmatiques pour une construction technique et managériale." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1999AIX20669.pdf.
Full textRémon, Joséphine. "Intégrer Internet dans un enseignement de langue : une simulation ludique et collaborative pour l'apprentissage d'aspects pragmatiques en français langue étrangère." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00000221.
Full textMathieu, François-Arnould. "Prise en compte de contraintes pragmatiques pour guider un système de reconnaissance de la parole : le système COMPPA[S. L. ]." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10022.
Full textIn order to develop robust and efficient speech recognition system, the number of possible hypotheses corresponding to a spoken utterance has to be drastically reduced. In the specific framework of vocal command systems, this often leads to the design of languages that are difficult to learn. As a consequence, the use of these systems is limited to environment where neither keyboard, nor mouse can be used (chapter 1). Our purpose is then to take into account the application and dialogue context to define the accepted language dynamically. For example, the command "erase the green cube" will not be considered at first if there is no instance of a green cube in the application at the time the sentence is uttered. Similarly, the utterance "erase it" will be eliminated if the pronoun "it" is irrelevant in the current dialogue context. Constraining the recognition process by means of such pragmatic considerations allows us to accept a more natural language (chapter 2). [. . . ]
Lacaud, Mathias. "Vers des solutions pragmatiques pour améliorer la qualité des diffusions vidéo dans les réseaux actuels et les réseaux du futur." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0143.
Full textVideo streaming is expected to reach 82% of all Internet traffic in 2022.There are two reasons for this success: the multiplication of video sources and the pervasiveness of high quality Internet connections.Dominating video streaming platforms rely on large-scale infrastructures to cope with an increasing demand for high quality of experience and high-bitrate content.However, these infrastructures are expensive and can become overloaded or unavailable.Peer-to-peer streaming is an alternative solution enabling clients to download video segments from other peers.A streaming system able to simultaneously retrieve content from multiple peers would be highly reliable while providing a higher quality of experience.Meanwhile, 5G networks are being deployed globally, and raise several issues regarding video streaming.Indoor wireless networks architectures will include heterogeneous technologies.There is currently no reliable solution enabling high quality of experience video streaming over multiple heterogeneous paths.This thesis proposes two pragmatic contributions to enhance end-user's quality of experience in video streaming: (1) PMS+, a solution enabling concurrent streaming from multiple peers, and (2) MSS/RRLH, a multiple-path stream aggregation system for 5G networks
Siddiqa, Aisha. "La politesse dans un contexte d'apprentissage, par des francophones, de l'anglais langue étrangère : enjeux pragmatiques, interlangue et acquisition de stratégies." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR2007/document.
Full textThis study of interlanguage pragmatics (ILP) investigates empirical data on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in French secondary schools to contribute to our understanding of the development of second language (L2) politeness. With the increase in multilingual interactions around the globe, awareness of what is polite or impolite has become indispensable. However, pragmatic skills are generally not easily acquired in foreign language settings. The observation that even advanced learners do not necessarily exhibit target-like norms has led to calls for further investigation (Kasper & Schmidt, 1996; Bardovi-Harlig, 1999). Although there is now a solid body of research in this area, most studies have focused on adult learners (Kasper & Rose, 1999) using written discourse completion tasks (see e.g., Hill, 1997; Billmyer & Varghese, 2000; Su, 2010; Jebahi, 2011) to elicit explicit pragmatic knowledge (Bardovi-Harlig, 1999; 2013). The present study seeks to extend the scope of ILP research by focusing on a large group of young, beginning learners using mixed methods including a cartoon oral production task, open-ended role plays, and naturalistic data from classroom video recordings. Participants were some 240 secondary school learners at three different levels (age 11 to 18) to allow the tracking of ILP development with language proficiency. To contextualise findings, secondary data was collected in the form of additional analysis of classroom films, textbook analysis, and teacher interviews. The analysis of request data is based on the seminal L2 discourse analytic framework cross-cultural speech act research project (Blum-Kula et al., 1989) which allows the analysis of both pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic dimensions of requests. L2 pragmatic development was observed almost exclusively in terms of increased frequency of pragmalinguistic strategies, particularly by the end of upper secondary school, less so in terms of range of strategies or sociopragmatic features, and this across all data collection methods. French baseline data (L1) revealed similar development, suggesting that L1 transfer may be one explanation for the L2 development observed in the study, particularly since analysis of secondary data revealed little focus on ILP in teaching programs
Huon, Philippe. "De l'image au récit : modalités narrativo-pragmatiques et psychopathologie du passage à l'acte chez des délinquants sexuels et non sexuels." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN21001/document.
Full textThis study is situated at the meeting point of linguistic and clinical psychology fields. It attempts to find a link between the nature of a narrative and pragmatic structure of a discourse and the mental system of a subject who committed a criminal act. With an original method using the tools of the WAIS-R "Arrangement d'Images", an iconic material, the subject is asked to "tell a story" so as to come up with a particular initial situation. The database of this study is the totality of these stories divided between 10 items. This intersemiotic translation procedure, from the picture to the story, is applied to 80 male subjects who are assessed and examined due to their previous criminal records. They are divided into two groups: sexual offense and non-sexual offence. The texts are analysed according to two narrative and pragmatic axis with tools taken from the enunciative linguistic, the cognitive linguistic, the semiotic of temporality and action and the pragmatic of the language. The structure of these texts is based on a "description - story" axis. They are identified in different types of stories: ocular evidence, act of evidence and evidence of a witness. The narrative-pragmatic modalities of the declaration, studied under the aspects of the temporality, the logic and the action, are written down in a specifically built analysis grid. These modalities are gathered in meaningful clusters that convey three distinctive ways of seeing the subjective link of the subject towards his act: a meaningful cluster for his perplexity, a second one for his lucidity, and a third one for his minimization. With a semeiological approach of the acting and through the clinical psychopathology viewpoint, it becomes possible to understand and differentiate an unmotivated act, an impulsive behaviour and a finalised intentional behaviour. For each meaningful cluster, specific therapeutic modalities are considered as well. To sum up, this study assumes that it is a subject's conscience towards his action, partially, totally or absent, conscience linked to the range of the mental structure, that marks the difference between the subjects of the two assessed groups
Di, Sante Mélissa. "Relation entre les comportements parentaux et le niveau de développement des habiletés pragmatiques du langage chez des enfants négligés âgés de 42 mois." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66566.
Full textCONTEXT. Exposure to parental neglect, the most common form of child abuse directed towards young children, is likely to compromise their language development. Pragmatics, which refer to aspects of language which are of social and relational nature, may be particularly sensitive to the chronic disruptions in the parent-child relationship which characterize neglect. Despite the crucial role of pragmatics in childrens’ language development, social participation, and academic success, few studies have focused on the pragmatic skills of neglected children. None have focused on the parental behaviors that might be associated with these pragmatic language skills. AIMS. The main objective of this thesis is to study the relationship between parental behaviors during parent-child interactions and the level of pragmatic skills presented by 42- month-old neglected children. Four specific aims were pursued, that is to : 1- compare the level of pragmatic skills of neglected and non-neglected 42-month-old children; 2- measure the prevalence of pragmatic difficulties among neglected children at this age ; 3- compare the behaviors of neglectful and non-neglectful parents in the four domains of parent-child interaction which are typically associated with language development, namely Responsiveness, Control, Support to learning, and Affect; and 4- study the relationships between these parental behaviors and the level of pragmatic skills of 42-month-old neglected children. METHODS. To meet the first two objectives of this thesis, the study sample consisted of 45 neglected children and 95 non-neglected children aged 42 months. The level of pragmatic skills presented by these children was measured using the Language Use Inventory: French (Pesco & O'Neill, 2016), a standardized questionnaire completed with the child’s main parental figure during a home visit. To meet the third and fourth objectives of the thesis, only children from the first sample living in their biological family (n = 21) were considered. Parent-child interactions were recorded during a period of free play between parent and child, which took place during the same home visit. The behaviors adopted by parents during these interactions were then coded using the Coding Observations of Parental behaviors during parent-child Interactions) tool (COPI: Sylvestre, Di Sante, Brassart & Leblond, 2019). RESULTS. The proportion of 42-month-old neglected children with pragmatic difficulties is significantly higher than the one found among their non-neglected peers of the same age. Neglectful parents differ from non-neglectful parents in the majority of the observed parental behaviors, particularly those which reflect responsive and child oriented behaviors. Significant relationships are identified between parental reciprocity and the level of pragmatic skills of neglected children at 42-months of age. Other parental behaviors, such as the level of stimulation offered to the child and the enjoyment expressed by the parent during interactions with the child, show marginally significant relationships with the level of pragmatic skills presented by these children. CONCLUSION. The results of this thesis advocate for offering early speech therapy services to young neglected children. They provide a better understanding of the links between the parental behaviors expressed in context of child neglect and the presence of pragmatic difficulties among neglected children. These findings support the importance of early intervention targeting both the development of pragmatic skills of neglected children and the adoption of specific parental behaviors which are associated with these skills. Such interventions could enhance neglected children’s social language use, which is fundamental to their development and well-being.
Guerin, Emmanuelle. "Introduction de la notion de variation situatiolectale dans la grammaire scolaire par la caractérisation de deux opérateurs pragmatiques : on et ça." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169203.
Full textGaignard, Catherine. "Un Siècle de coexistence des Maures et des Chrétiens dans les territoires grenadins, 1470-1570, d'après les sources espagnoles, chroniques, pragmatiques." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597747b.
Full textGaignard, Catherine. "Un siecle de coexistence des maures et des chretiens dans les territoires grenadins (1470-1570), d'apres les sources espagnoles : chroniques, pragmatiques." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040094.
Full textThis study deals with the relationships between the kingdoms of granada and castile, from 1470 to 1492, and, following the fall of the nasrides, with the evolution of the living conditions of the mudejares, then the moriscos, settled in the province of granada, from 1492 to 1570. We have endeavoured to demonstrate how relationships evolved from peaceful coexistence to intolerance, passing through a phase of hectic "convivencia", to end in irreparable rupture. The material we have used consisted mainly of spanish official documents of both juridical and political nature : truces, capitulations, pragmatic sanctions and royal cedulas. We have also made use of unpublished documents from the granada record office, bearing a relation to private transactions : bills of sale, deeds of gift originating from the royal chancellery in granada. The contribution of modern historians has not been neglected either. We have considered the political, social, economic, demographic angles, as well as the religious aspect (with the exclusion of any metaphysical approach) and the questions of land property. The spanish sovereigns who succeeded one another, -from the catholic kings to philip ii-, all endeavoured by legal process to assimilate the moriscos established in the province of granada. All these attemps to level out any differences were strongly opposed by the native populations and all failed. Increasingly drastic decisions caused a growing discontent which led to the 1568 uprising whose disastrous consequences entailed expropriations, the transportation of moriscos, shifts in land ownership, and the general impoverishment of the former kingdom of granada
Aurisset, Jean-Christophe. "Semantique des relations spatiales et interaction langage-vision : une contribution a l'integration des facteurs fonctionnels et pragmatiques pour une interface multimodale." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30186.
Full textGhimenton, Anna. "ACQUISITION PLURILINGUE CHEZ UN JEUNE ENFANT DE VÉNÉTIE : ÉTUDE DE LA FRÉQUENCE D'USAGE DES LANGUES ET DES INDICES PRAGMATIQUES LORS DES INTERACTIONS FAMILIALES." Phd thesis, Grenoble 3, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466372.
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