Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pragmatisme (philosophie)'
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Dessberg, Laurent. "Education, démocratie, révision et pragmatisme." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10101.
Full textGaultier, Benoit. "Théorie et pratique dans la tradition pragmatiste." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST0007.
Full textGirel, Vincent Mathias. "Croyance et conduite dans le pragmatisme : facettes de la croyance dans les écrits sur le pragmatisme de Peirce et dans la critique des pragmatistes." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010706.
Full textMaroupas, Nikolaos. "Pragmatisme : une philosophie anarchiste ? : une généalogie : Proudhon, Bakounine, James, Dewey." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100110/document.
Full textPragmatism, as a philosophical movement, and anarchism, as a political one, seem to be connected by two seemingly complementary approaches: pragmatism is often considered as politically neutral, while anarchism as philosophically indifferent. The aim of our study is to examine this double neutrality and, following our interrogation, namely « is pragmatism an anarchist philosophy? », to evaluate the possibility of a positive answer, the political consequences of the one and the philosophical consequences of the other, and also the causes of their alleged complementary indifference, inspiring us the idea of a commun architecture. First, we try to locate this architecture in the philosophy of James and Dewey, focusing on the relationship of pragmatism to democracy. Thus, we point out the main features of a philosophy of experience fitting the demands - in a pragmatic perspective - of democracy. For it is only experience that allows democracy to see its ethical dimension - very present among pragmatists - become political. Second, we examine the articulation of what we can call anarchist doxa with the philosophical assertions that form, according to James and Dewey, the philosophy of experience. We focus, in particular, on the thought of Proudhon and Bakunin, whose kinship seems to carry the same anti-absolutist spirit that forms the critical dimension of the philosophy of experience
Ruyant, Quentin. "L'empirisme modal." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S117/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis dissertation is to propose a novel position in the debate on scientific realism, modal empiricism, and to show its fruitfulness when it comes to interpreting the cognitive content of scientific theories. Modal empiricism is an empiricist position, according to which the aim of science is to produce empirically adequate theories rather than true theories. However, it suggests adopting a broader comprehension of experience than traditional versions of empiricism, through a commitment to natural modalities. Following modal empiricism, there are possibilities in nature, and constraints on what is possible, and a theory is empirically adequate if it correctly delimits the range of possible experiences. The position rests on a situated and pragmatic conception of natural modalities and of empirical confrontation. We claim that it can do justice to the empirical success of science, while not falling prey to the problem of theory change that undermines scientific realism. We explain how constraints of necessity on phenomena can be known by induction, and how this modal epistemology fits with scientific practice. Finally, we claim that a commitment to natural modalities allows for a rich interpretation of the cognitive content of theories. Modal empiricism could renew some metaphysical debates within a pragmatist framework, by tying them to experience and not being constrained by realist prejudices
Bonalume, Anna. "Effet, interprétation, croyance, communauté : aspects pragmatistes de la philosophie de Nietzsche à la lumière de Peirce." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE019.
Full textIn this study, we will propose an analysis of Nietzsche's epistemological and ethical conceptions in the light of Peirce's pragmatism. Peirce is recognized as a semiotician and a logician, but, unlike Nietzsche, has often been neglected as a philosopher in the strict sense: it is from this perspective that we present some of his conceptions. To this end, we have particularly examined in both authors the concepts of effect, interpretation, belief and community. Since they never read their respective works or met, we adopted three methods: the historical research method, the critical analysis of the texts and the hermeneutical method. Our study is, according to these methodological axes, divided into three parts: history, epistemology and ethics. The idea underlying this research results from the fact that Nietzsche and Peirce both consider the problem of knowledge as that of the disjunction between the theoretical and the practical dimension. The analysis of their references and of their common influences, notably that of Darwin and the evolutionary ideas, makes it possible to identify the source of a certain number of epistemological concepts that they share. Peirce's pragmatism and Nietzsche's perspectivist philosophy attribute a central role to the concepts of effect, action, and belief. According to Peirce the theory of inference, the analysis of the sign, the pragmatic maxim and the conception of belief-habit highlight three fundamental aspects of knowledge: the necessity of considering ideas from their sensible and conceivable practical effects, the importance of thinking these ideas as signs in an inferential process, and of considering knowledge as a hypothetical and experimental activity. These concepts are found in Nietzsche’s late works through his formulation of genealogy, perspectivism and will to power. Our thesis argues that the epistemology of the two authors presents similarities, to be found especially in their conceptions of the practical, hypothetical and experimental value of knowledge, but also essential differences, such as the role attributed to logic. Their respective treatment of the ethical question presents a number of dissimilarities that we will explore, thanks to the concept of community
Bourdieu, Emmanuel. "Dispositions et croyances dans la tradition pragmatique." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0315.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to defend a dispositional approach of action. Chapter 1 shows that antidispositionalism is linked to metaphysical and epistemological fondationalism that the second chapter refutes. Chapter 3 describes the emergence of a new critical dispositionalism through recent philosophical and scientific history. Chapter 4 sketches a brief typology of dispositions. Chapter 5 argues linguistically that dispositions are individual laws of action. Chapter 7 confronts this hypothesis with, on one hand, the results of studies on learning (chapter 6) and of anthropological researchs, and, on the other hand, with the pragmaticist analysis of habits : a disposition is a non deterministic propensity that is connected to an individual agent, but is also dependant on social pratical universes. Chapter 8 shows that this concept of disposition resist to all attempts of reduction. Finally, chapter 9 suggest extending dispositionalism, on one hand, to the study of beliefs, for wich pragmaticism defines critical procedures of identification and measurement, and, on the other hand, to analysis of "generical" dispositions resulting from consistant systems of specific dispositions. In short, pragmaticist dispositionalism make it possible to construct an epistemology in accordance with recent results of human sciences and contributes to emancipate behavioral analysis from fondationalistic preconceptions
Bourdages-Perreault, Émile. "Le pragmatisme : vers un pluralisme épistémologique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10480.
Full textKarakas, Tahir. "Nietzsche et William James : réformer la philosophie." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIML003.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to open a dialogue between two philosophical thoughts, which, at first glance, seem to be fundamentally different in many respects: on the one hand, the earlier period of pragmatist movement mainly represented by William James; and on the other,an atypical philosopher who has the distinction of turning away from all the previous philosophical tradition, Friedrich Nietzsche. The central questions of these two philosophers and their way of practicing philosophy represent two philosophical worlds radically different. However, several philosophers and authors have already drawn some interesting analogies between Nietzsche and James without debating the issue in depth. What could say our two “psychologists” philosophers, Nietzsche and James about philosophy itself? Their words might they intersect somewhere in a philosophical universe older than two millennia? These two philosophers, one the inventor of the term "good European" and the other, considered as the American philosopher par excellence and also the most European of American philosophers; do they have a few words to share? What can there be in common between these two philosophers, except to be considered by Mussolini as his philosophical masters alongside Sorel?And finally, to what extent one can speak of a Nietzscheanpragmatism? These are some of the questions that we address in this thesis in order to initiate the debate between Nietzsche and James
Pudal, Romain. "Les réceptions du pragmatisme en France (1890-2007) : histoires et enjeux." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0062.
Full textThis thesis tackles the subject of the reception of pragmatism in France, from 1890 to 2007. This american philosophy has been used and appropriated in many ways by french academics, in philosophy just as well as in social sciences. We thought it possible to conceive this reception from a socio-historical and not theoretical point of view. The frame of our interpretation has been inspired by the sociology of intellectuals and we tried to highlight precisely different phenomena relating to international circulation of ideas : first, as Bourdieu says, «texts circulate without their context», so that it is the context of reception that determines the readings and uses of the texts ; secondly, the political dimension of the intellectual field in France since the « Affaire Dreyfus » at last overdetermines the reception of foreign theories ; thirdly, intellectual nationalisms and logic of disciplines must be taken into account. Finally, the idea of a cultural and national subconscious seems to be useful to understand this story. Our work is at the junction of different disciplines : sociology of sciences, sociology of intellectuals and history and sociolgy of social sciences
Hassoun, Abdeslam. "Justice et modernité." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082474.
Full textOur present time must solve the modern problem of justice by acknowledging and by recognising the right way of distributing rights, duties and goods. The justification of social consensus is used by liberalism that the liberal experimentation of justice is the only way to guarantee both social distributive justice and the freedom of citizen. But this justification is able to justify justice as well as the factual injustice. The thesis is criticising too the pragmatics of ethical and socio-political communication and discourse of K. O. Apel and of J. Habermas : it is not able to produce the argumentative conditions of the cognitive foundations of juridical and political norms that it is pretending to make possible. The thesis shows that this theoretical and practical aim can only be obtained by extending to the ethics of communication the logics of Copernican revolution and the logics of judging truth that was applied by J. Poulain to the socio-political pragmatics of J. Habermas. Only the retributive justice of sharing truth can afford the philosophical grounding for an ethical and political justice
Steiner, Pierre. "De l'externalisme de la signification à l'externalisation de la pensée : usages contemporains du pragmatisme en philosophie de l'esprit et en philosophie des sciences cognitives." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX1A089.
Full textFerey, Camille. "Une justification épistémique pragmatiste de la démocratie : connaissance et participation politique en contexte inégalitaire : de John Dewey à la philosophie féministe contemporaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PA100101.
Full textPhilosophical justifications of democracy are defined as “epistemic” when they claim democracy’s capacity to develop social knowledge and problem-solving. However, such an epistemic justification puts political institutions at risk of defining efficiency as opposed to democratic participation. Do social knowledge and problem-solving involve reducing the scope of political participation? Relying on John Dewey’s philosophy, I argue that such an opposition can be overcome. In order to do so, I provide a new reading of his pragmatist epistemology, through contemporary critical epistemology’s main insights, especially standpoint theories and the theory of epistemic injustice. Drawing on this epistemological framework as well as on several case studies (the French Climate Convention, the Argentinian popular census of homeless people and the Chilean constitutional process) I claim that efficiency and participation are co-dependent. I provide an analysis of the pragmatist concept of inquiry that sheds light on its democratic components. Firstly, I highlight how pragmatist inquiry on social problems requires deepening democratic practices. Secondly, I focus on the democratic outputs of such an account of knowledge, examining how it can contribute to a better understanding of the experiences of oppressed groups.Relying on this epistemological stance, I develop a pragmatist-feminist approach to political institutions. Firstly, I discuss and argue against epistocratic practices and theories, defended by both Walter Lippmann and Jason Brennan. Secondly, I sketch an account of democratic deliberation. I argue that pragmatist epistemic standards relevantly contribute to feminist critiques of Habermas’ account. I especially examine and defend the consistency of Iris Marion Young’s model of communicative democracy in the light of such standards. Thirdly, I focus on political representation, providing a pragmatist-feminist account of its democratic deepening based on John Dewey, Nancy Fraser, Iris Marion Young and Jane Mansbridge. I examine the three main models of representatives’ selection: election, sortition and descriptive selection. I argue that the pragmatist frame provides a distinctive argument in favor of descriptive selection, while avoiding this model’s main shortcomings.My epistemic approach to democracy aims at providing tools to improve democratic institutions on both political and epistemic levels. Moreover, it also contributes to update Dewey’s philosophy by confronting it to current philosophical and political issues. Finally, it promotes a stronger integration of critical epistemology into the normative political philosophy of democracy
Brunel-Lafargue, Karen. "Le designer graphique et les sens de la responsabilité : étude descriptive de la modélisation morale du praticien." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H311/document.
Full textDesign theory tends to adopt a prescriptive approach to designers’ responsibility, taking it upon itself to lay out guidelines for good conduct. However, given the impact of graphic design on human behavior and the fabric of society as a whole it seems essential to study how designers’ themselves define their responsibility. Thus, the purpose of our research is to collect, interpret and describe the meanings practitioners assemble with regard to their moral obligations. A qualitative study, built upon group interviews, has offered us a dual assessment. First, the analysis of each group allowed us to identify responsibility as a habit, in the Peircean sense of the term, that each designer establishes in relation to a network of stakes and stakeholders he or she articulates around his or practice. Secondly, the study of individual discourses revealed models of three potential perimeters of the system within which they evaluate their obligations
Point, Christophe. "John Dewey : propositions pour une reconstruction démocratique de l’université : éléments théoriques, historiques et prospectifs pour une philosophie de l’éducation pragmatiste de l’enseignement supérieur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0161.
Full textThe PhD work submitted here is inspired by a transdisciplinary pragmatist approach in which philosophy of education, epistemology, ethics and political philosophy converge in an attempt to answer the following question: What can John Dewey's pragmatism bring us as theoretical tools for thinking about the future of today's academic institutions? To answer this question, we hypothesize that the complex and extensive conception of democracy by the pragmatist philosophy provides a rigorous theoretical framework and a relevant epistemological, ethical and pedagogical perspective for reconstructing a new political-educational project of a democratic university. So it's this particular university project that we're reconstructing in three ways here. First of all, on a theoretical point of view, we're trying to account for what that project was in the time of John Dewey. Then, historically, we examine the academic experiments carried out at that time, in different places in the United States, based on this project. Finally, in a prospective way, we seek to formulate, from these first two theoretical and historical investigations, new elements to update this project for our days. The ambition of this work is to propose new ways of thinking about the future of the university based on a democratic and pragmatic philosophy of education in higher education
Sekulovski, Jordanco. "Homme, kâta et harmonie : la voie d’une philosophie non-standard." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100094.
Full textThe actual system of thought is founded on the use and proliferation of dualist distinctions that are responsible for the weakening of our sentiments of human solidarity thus represents an obstacle to the future social and human development. Confronting this model on its own terms leads to a dead end, for any objection to its metaphysical reign is expected to be formulated in the same terms of the metaphysical vocabulary that the standardized model of philosophy uses therefore we need to change the field of action trough the idea of efficient democracy inside the economy of knowledge that is built as a rigid and centralized system. Establishing a democracy of thought implies establishing a system of thought that doesn’t rely on a metaphysical purpose beyond Man. I rely on the research done by Richard Rorty and Michel Foucault on the relation between various forms of power, knowledge and language. Furthermore I use the theoretical model developed by François Laruelle known as Non-standard philosophy in order to analyze the shortcomings of both Rorty and Foucault. Non-standard philosophy demonstrates how all forms of philosophy are structured around a prior decision of dialectical division of the world in order to be able to grasp the world philosophically. Philosophers remain constitutively unaware of this prior decision making process thus perpetuating a self-sufficient practice of philosophy. Relying on the model of Non-standard philosophy I am able to analyze an alternative system of thought based on the use of Kâta developed in Japan as a successful example of alternative history of thought to that of the West. This work has been published under the title « POSTURES ET PRATIQUES DE L'HOMME - Libéralisme, philosophie non-standard et pensée japonaise » (online: )
Diestchy, Mireille. "Enquête sur une éthique du rythme : analyse sociologique et pragmatiste de la diffusion du slow." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0030.
Full textSince the creation of the Italian association Slow Food in 1989, the term slow has been separated from the food domain and has since been used in many areas of everyday life (cosmetics, scientific research, design or management). The diffusion of the slow expresses an accusation of the rythms of our modern world and reveals an ethics widely shared. A field study amongst people who promote the slow and a pragmatist approach of values has allowed us to construct an inductive definition of this ethics, acknowledging the moral conflicts and compromises from the actors
Floren, Charles. "L'esthétique radicale de John Dewey." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. https://books.openedition.org/pur/182231.
Full text« To esthetic experience, then, the philosopher must go to understand what experience is. » J. Dewey claims and the first part of our research will rest on Dewy's inquiry on experience in an attempt to comply with his injunction. To begin with, we will endeavour to understand what are the requirements, the difficulties and the possible gains of this conception of aesthetic experience, which is described as closely connected to commonplace experience. Aesthetic experience can not be conceived as separate from commonplace experience, but neither should its specificity be lessened by dilution in the general flow of human experience. Dewey's aesthetics is also radical in that he argues against the distinction between the aesthetic and the artistic, between the artist's creativity and the audience's contemplation, between creation and appreciation. To the contrary, he attempts to take hold of what relates the two facets of the artistic process and to merge them into one and the same living experience. The second part of our research will be devoted to uncovering the critical scope of this reconstruction of experience. To proceed further, the radical quality of pragmatist aesthetics can be found in its refusal of the lazy fictions of the inner self and in its attempt to understand the individuality of the aesthetic subject, whether creator or recipient.Aesthetic experience is revealed as the most individual and fulfilled experience; on the other hand its uniqueness in no way requires the existence of an individual conceived of as an isolated atom. Thus, what Dewey suggests is that we reconsider and rebuild the fluctuating link that unites individuals and democratic society
Wang, Huiling. "Cognitive science and the pragmatist tradition." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1014/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, I examine a growing trend in contemporary cognitive science known as cognitive pragmatism. This subject merits examination for a number of reasons, but primarily it is needed because the trend of cognitive pragmatism is so entrenched in cognitive science, while at the same time remaining a lightning rod of controversy. The lack of a consensus regarding the nature of American pragmatismthe purported progenitor of cognitive pragmatism has in particular attracted skepticism of pragmatism’s methodology. Therefore, it is necessary to ask why American pragmatism became involved in the discipline of cognitive science and how it subsequently came to be interpreted in such different ways. Given that pragmatism is a relatively well established school, it is worth addressing its significance for the burgeoning field of cognitive science. In their pragmatist inspired views of cognition, both Mark Johnson and Jerry Fodor overlook the figure whom I consider to be pragmatism’s most important: Charles Sanders Peirce. This is likely due to the fact that Peirce’s ideas differ from pragmatism as it is popularly conceived, due in no small part to the influence of William James and John Dewey. Further, it is difficult for either Johnson’s embodied theory of mind (ETM) or Fodor’s representational theory of mind (RTM) to employ Peirceian pragmatism in their respective definitions of cognition; they perhaps have erred by filing to take into account Peirce’s thought. Therefore, I shall tackle this challenge by clarifying the ‘Johnson Fodor debate’ using the tools of Peirceian pragmatism, or ‘pragmaticism.’ Taking into consideration the current trends of both the ‘pragmatist turn’ and ‘pragmatic turn,’ I propose a third way: namely, a ‘pragmaticist turn’ firmly rooted in Peirce’s philosophy. I will thus supplement the concept of ‘action’ with that of ‘habit’ in order to reinterpret the relation between the embodied and cognitive minds
Floren, Charles. "L'esthétique radicale de John Dewey." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3023/document.
Full text« To esthetic experience, then, the philosopher must go to understand what experience is. » J. Dewey claims and the first part of our research will rest on Dewy's inquiry on experience in an attempt to comply with his injunction. To begin with, we will endeavour to understand what are the requirements, the difficulties and the possible gains of this conception of aesthetic experience, which is described as closely connected to commonplace experience. Aesthetic experience can not be conceived as separate from commonplace experience, but neither should its specificity be lessened by dilution in the general flow of human experience. Dewey's aesthetics is also radical in that he argues against the distinction between the aesthetic and the artistic, between the artist's creativity and the audience's contemplation, between creation and appreciation. To the contrary, he attempts to take hold of what relates the two facets of the artistic process and to merge them into one and the same living experience. The second part of our research will be devoted to uncovering the critical scope of this reconstruction of experience. To proceed further, the radical quality of pragmatist aesthetics can be found in its refusal of the lazy fictions of the inner self and in its attempt to understand the individuality of the aesthetic subject, whether creator or recipient.Aesthetic experience is revealed as the most individual and fulfilled experience; on the other hand its uniqueness in no way requires the existence of an individual conceived of as an isolated atom. Thus, what Dewey suggests is that we reconsider and rebuild the fluctuating link that unites individuals and democratic society
Bella, Michela. "William James psychology and ontology of continuity." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1006/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the issue of the continuity of consciousness in William James, considering also its possible actualization. In particular, this work aims at outlining critically the various theoretical perspectives that influenced James’s philosophical discourse. On the wave of the Darwinian theory of evolution, James’s reflections originate in the field of late 19th century physiological psychology where he develops more and more intensely the exigency of a renewed epistemology and a new metaphysical framework for gathering the most interesting scientific theories and discoveries about the human mind. The analysis of the theme of continuity allows us to capture, from the historical and the theoretical point of view, the importance of James’s gradual translation of psychological experimental observations of the continuity of thought into an ontological perspective according to which continuity constitutes a feature of reality. Indeed, such an analysis clarifies James's position within his own historical context, as well as highlighting the most original outcomes of his work. The aspect of continuity, although mentioned by James’ scholars, has not been properly analyzed to date. This is firstly due to the great attention that interpreters have commonly paid to James’s individualist attitude, hence to the tychistic or variant features of reality. Secondly, it is important to consider that the main interpretative stream of pragmatism narrowed the comparison between James and Charles S. Peirce into a paradigmatic polarization, so that James was mainly considered as the philosopher of nominalism and individuality, while Peirce was labeled as the realist in search of a mathematical continuum.But James was immediately intrigued by the contradictory synthetic unity of mental states that he could draw from his description of the continuity of the states of consciousness, in so far as they preserved both real continuity and real divisibility. The vague aspect of experience was not fully reproducible in conceptual terms, and in logical terms it resulted in a contradiction. James’s elaboration of this problematic issue should be considered within the shift of paradigms that was taking place in the first half of the 20th century. Such an epochal change affected James’s elaboration, particularly through the theoretical and methodological advancements that were made in the fields of physiology and biological sciences throughout the 19th century
Cal, Teresa. "Diversité culturelle et égalité : pour une approche dialogique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100068.
Full textManaging cultural diversity is still being discussed in liberal democracies. Multiculturalism, cultural rights, super-diversity and intercultural public policies do not manage to reconcile cultural particularities and the universal principles that are at the heart of liberalism, particularly equality. The thesis presented here is that this failure is due to the dialectical approach underlying the philosophy of liberalism. This approach rests on the principles of formal logic: identity, non-contradiction and exclusion of a third party. Thus, this thesis proposes a dialogical approach to cultural diversity that facilitates considering two opposing concepts – diversity and equality – as collaborative and complementary. First, the notion of dialogue in the hermeneutic philosophy of Gadamer is studied, a notion that suggests understanding others from the perspective our own prejudgments in order to arrive at a fusion of horizons. Second, the notion of cultural pluralism from Kallen, a philosopher belonging to the first pragmatism, is examined. From the work of these two philosophers eight guidelines for a dialogical management of cultural diversity are extracted: contextual, transforming and co-constructed responses, that are based on practical experience, dialogue and tradition and that constitute a democratic exercise at the core of an infinite process
Las democracias liberales siguen debatiendo sobre la gestión de la diversidad cultural. Las políticas públicas multiculturalistas, de derechos culturales, de super-diversidad o de interculturalidad no logran reconciliar las particularidades culturales con los principios universales del liberalismo, especialmente el de la igualdad. Para la autora, este fracaso es debido al enfoque dialéctico subyacente a la filosofía liberal, el cual está a su vez fundado en los principos de la lógica formal: identidad, no-contradicción y exclusión de una tercera parte.Por ello, esta tésis propone un enfoque dialógico de la diversidad cultural, el cual permite pensar dos conceptos opuestos – los de diversidad e igualdad – como ideas que colaboran y se completan. En primer lugar, gracias a la noción de diálogo del hermenuta Gadamer, que postula comprender al otro a partir de los proprios prejuicios y llegar así a una fusión de horizontes. En segundo lugar a través del pluralismo cultural de Kallen, filósofo americano del primer pragmatismo.A partir de estas dos filosofías la autora extrae ocho líneas directrices para una gestión dialógica de la diversidad cultural : respuestas contextuales, mutuamente transformadoras y concebidas como una construcción común, las cuales – basadas en la experiencia práctica, el diálogo y la tradición – constituirían un ejercicio de democracia dentro de un proceso infinito
Gaudin, Olivier. "Configurations urbaines : enquête sur la perception des espaces urbains." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0133.
Full textThe thesis focuses on sensory experiences within urban environments. Can philosophical approaches of perception help to describe urban experiences? Can philosophy foster a better cooperation between urban disciplines on this specific issue? Scrutinizing a selective body of texts in urban research and fieldwork, mostly conducted in France and the United States, the study investigates the theoretical grounds of an urban ecology of sensory experience. Building on pragmatist, phenomenological and psychological approaches of perception, I propose four concepts to describe urban experiences. Through a selective and critical use of 1920s' tradition of human ecology, I scrutinize the perceptual environment. Urban environments are configured by specific perceptual schematizations: the forming process of city-dwellers' habits stems from categorizing and syntheses which organize their experience within situations. These habits, understood in Mead or Dewey's sense, include some evaluations, encapsulated within bodily engagement into situations, which one can qualify as normative perceptions. Finally, the study examines the perspectivist nature of experiences in public, a constitutive feature of urban environments' "interaction order". It investigates its possible political meaning. All along the thesis, I discuss these four notions from the point of view of a pragmatist philosophy of social sciences, and confront them to works in urban studies (sociology, anthropology, geography) as well as some artistic descriptions (literature, photography, film), architectural theory, and history of landscape and urban planning
Pavie, Xavier. "La réception des exercices spirituels antiques dans la philosophie contemporaine." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100062.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to understand in what way contemporary philosophy apprehends spiritual exercises as they were conceived, shared and practiced by ancient philosophers. Aimed at self-improvement and self-transformation, spiritual exercises were intended to enable one to live a philosophical life. As such they represented an essential element in the main concerns of antique schools. Thus philosophers elaborated doctrines and theories, while maintaining a real and daily practice of these views. Indeed, the axis theoria/praxis is one the most important of spiritual exercises and is also a connecting thread in this thesis leading to a better understanding of the notion of “spiritual exercise” itself. Pierre Hadot is the one who discovered traces of spiritual exercises - their construction and implementation in ancient philosophy. However, philosophy goes far beyond the antique philosophers, to our contemporary era. As a result, for more than 2,500 years spiritual exercises have been questioned, reorganized by their environment, notably the religious and Christian environment. Consequently, the aim here is to determine the very essence of the antique spiritual exercises in the evolution of philosophy in a general sense, and more particularly in contemporary philosophy
Diestchy, Mireille. "Enquête sur une éthique du rythme : analyse sociologique et pragmatiste de la diffusion du slow." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0030/document.
Full textSince the creation of the Italian association Slow Food in 1989, the term slow has been separated from the food domain and has since been used in many areas of everyday life (cosmetics, scientific research, design or management). The diffusion of the slow expresses an accusation of the rythms of our modern world and reveals an ethics widely shared. A field study amongst people who promote the slow and a pragmatist approach of values has allowed us to construct an inductive definition of this ethics, acknowledging the moral conflicts and compromises from the actors
Hache, Émilie. "Ce/eux à quoi nous tenons : proposition pour une responsabilité écologique pragmatique." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083152.
Full textThe ecological crisis that we are experiencing today is simultaneously a scientific, political and moral crisis. In response to this crisis, a multitude of moral demands have emerged in the form of a call for the moralisation of politics and the economy or even so-called ecological concerns about the world we live in. I would like to build into this PhD a pragmatic ecological responsibility that would explain these moral demands. First, in order to do this, I will deal with the concept of responsibility by going back to its etymological sense of “responding to” (ie responding to these demands). This involves explaining and describing what/who the main players themselves care for, and not indicating what they should do. This will also lead me to build the concept of ecology in an unusual meaning: here, it will not refer to nature or the environment but to relations between beings, human or non-human. I will argue the idea that to respond to these moral demands, one has to be interested, without any distinction, with moral issues either ecological or not. Finally, this responsibility is pragmatic because of its empirical approach – I will be interested with “real” moral problems arising from the ecological crisis but also because of the importance that I see in differentiating between this ecological responsibility with any moralising propositions. This way of building the ecological responsibility is therefore both moral and political; these moral demands force us to rethink the political composition of our societies
Frega, Roberto. "Pensée, action, pratique : étude sur la philosophie de John Dewey et ses prolongements contemporains." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082420.
Full textThis work analyses Dewey’s theory of thought and knowledge. It shows some of its implications for contemporary philosophical debates. To this extent, considerable attention has been given to Dewey’s logic and epistemology. This we do especially in the first part of the work, where Dewey’s image of thought is exposed and discussed in the light of recent interpretations. This image is further analysed in the second part, through the discussion of Dewey’s theory of judgment, that we place at the heart of his philosophical project. This grounding has made possible the further inquiry on the bearing of Dewey’s logic and epistemology on contemporary theory, especially for what concern the place of agency and practice in the explication of the nature of thinking and knowledge. From there, we show the philosophical relevance of pragmatism in philosophy but also in the social and human sciences, wherever the question of the nature of thinking and knowledge is in question
Gauchotte, Pierre. "La notion de vérité dans le pragmatisme anglo-saxon." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010600.
Full textThis work intends to make clear the original outlines of the pragmatist notion of truth, i. E. That of the three, considered at their time as the main pragmatist philosophers: W. James, J. Dewey, f. C. S. Schiller, during the period 18901916. The study consists of analysing and synthetizing their characteristic writings published in books during their lifes. Attemps are made to show the postulates and the data of fact and to discriminate between them. In order to be considered as true a statement must fulfil one or several of the following criteria: to be coherent in itself and with the whole of our ideas with regard to the subject matter involved to be verified by our sensible experience , chiefly to satisfied our needs of adjustement (its content must be intentional and meaningfull). Truth is always relative, provisional, approximate. Knowing is shaped inside a psychological affective whole. Reality (veritas existendi) consists in a whole of thoughts and external things interacting with each other. It is part indeterminate so that our kno- wing and acting add new real features in it. Pragmatist theory aims at filling the gap between thought and the external world by the means of action. Through lack of an absolute finality, we have to make up our future and perhaps that of the universe
Lefebvre, Pauline. "Tracer des reprises du Pragmatisme en architecture (1990-2010). Penser l'engagement des architectes avec le réel." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/238132.
Full textDoctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Architecture)
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Reymond, Emmanuel. "Dispositifs poétiques : écosystèmes et agentivités dans la littérature contemporaine : (États Unis, France, Norvège)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080138.
Full textThis thesis takes as its starting point the notion of “poetic apparatus,” as developed by the poet and theoretician of poetry Christophe Hanna, in order to investigate how it can help us rethink the critical discourse about literature in a pragmatist perspective. In that respect, the original theorization is read inside a comparatist framework that allows defining some global reconfigurations of the thinking on the practical action of poetry. This extended critical frame shows the need for an ecosystem approach, in which poetry is not only thought of as a writing practice, but gets its medialities relocated within the collective environments and forms of life in which it makes sense and on which it can act. The study of a corpus of recent publications in three geographical areas (United States, France, Norway) between which theoretical links exist on these questions performs in that respect a set of critical gestures and framings, leading to a theorization of the agency of literature in terms of attention, locating it at the heart of the most contemporary political issues
Angue, Medoux Irma Julienne. "Science, croyance et solidarité : analyse des implications épistémologiques de la critique rortyenne de la tradition réaliste de la vérité." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083639.
Full textNgapmen, Jean-Pierre. "Le défi de l’éthique rationnelle dans la dynamique du développement à l’heure de la mondialisation : le mérite de Kant et de Habermas." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100072/document.
Full textDevelopment and globalization appear as unavoidable and irreversible realities. Because they bring into action most countries of the world, the polemics they engender have exposed a real challenge to be met. The challenge of a rational ethic which can provide the basics reference for evaluation of human actions. This challenge presents itself either as a negative presence or as a positive presence. Everything happens as if our modernity is sinking into a deleterious atmosphere. The promises of the lights seem to have been betrayed. The concept of development has become ambivalent itself because of a discrepancy between its ideal mythical aspect and its historical reality. Globalization, as recognized by some experts, is in itself an unmanned aircraft. It is urgent to draw the alarm bell because philosophy no longer has the vocation of moving in a timeless sky of ideas and on the contrary, it must respond to a crisis situation, the one that undermines our relations Interpersonal, first and our relationship with nature. How then can we rationally set foundations for a moral or juridical effectively dissuasive corpus capable of humanizing the economy, science, trade and development. If the theories proposed, such as utilitarianism and pragmatism, have remained inoperative, recourse to other theorists of morality must be done with eagerness. KANT by his morality of duty, and HABERMAS by the ethics of discussion or communication ethics have laid the foundation for optimism. There is no doubt. This is what we present in this theoretical coupling
Nkolo, Barnabé Paul. "Transsubstantiation et signification : essai à partir de la déconstruction peircienne de l'eucharistie." Université de Strasbourg (2009-....). Faculté de théologie catholique, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1083.
Full textBernier, Nicolas. "John Dewey et la théorie de la valuation : quelle pertinence pour l’éthique appliquée aujourd’hui?" Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8797.
Full textDeroy, Ophelia. "Peirce, le pragmatisme et les Grecs : dépendance à la réponse généralisée et réalisme." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0085.
Full textThis thesis examines arguments taken from Peirce’s reading in Ancient philosophy, which could be used to block accusations of relativism being latent in a pragmatist conception of belief and concepts. The argument lies in the articulation of the two conceptions and their compatibility with a realist view
Gégout, Pierre. "Étude pragmatiste de la pédagogie d’Élise et Célestin Freinet à l’École Freinet de Vence : temps d’enquête et reconstruction de la forme scolaire d’enseignement." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0105/document.
Full textThe Freinet School of Vence (Alpes-Maritimes) is a public primary school built by Élise and Célestin Freinet outside of the french educational public system. This is where the Freinet's worked out, practiced and developped a broad and complex educational reflection whose practices still endure. This approach has many similarities with that of great American philosopher John Dewey.This research project aims at exploring this astonishing familiarity through the prism of the analysis of pedagogical and didactic practices currently in effect at the Freinet School of Vence. Each examination of these will be the occasion for a study of the thought thus incarnated but also of the practice itself, independently of this theoretical reference. The general purpose of this work is then to propose a renewed interpretation of a pedagogical approach too often misinterpreted and misunderstood. We conjecture that the pragmatist interpretation of the Freinet pedagogy is an interpretation which, while renewing the approach of the educational philosophy of Freinet, remains faithful to them and reveals all the depth
Renier, Samuel. "Éducation, Science et Société dans la dernière philosophie de John Dewey (1929-1939) : de la continuité de l'enquête à l'inquiétude des frontières." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20117.
Full textOn November 26th 1929, American philosopher John Dewey gave an address to an audience comprising students and teachers, in which occasion he advocated for the development of a Science of education and described its main features. The following decade is then one of a great intellectual wealth and sees Dewey working hard to broaden and deepen the range of his philosophical thought towards new fields and new problems to deal with. Surprisingly enough, this period also seems to be one concerning which his contribution to education appears to be of less importance, when compared to his first achievements in the field which brought him an early and international fame. The scope of our paper is accordingly to study the educational thinking entertained by Dewey at that time, at the dawn of the renewed light it sheds over the comprehensive significance of his work. Through a Science of education, our aim is then to analyze how Dewey’s educational thinking may connect to his theories of science and society in order to provide a consistent scheme of analysis, which may reveal itself helpful in facing the inquietude of a world in constant evolution
Point, Christophe. "John Dewey : propositions pour une reconstruction démocratique de l'université : éléments théoriques, historiques et prospectifs pour une philosophie de l'éducation pragmatiste de l'enseignement supérieur." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67778.
Full textLe travail de thèse présenté ici relève d’une démarche transdisciplinaire pragmatiste où se croisent la philosophie de l’éducation, l’épistémologie, l’éthique et la philosophie politique pour tenter de répondre à la question suivante : qu’est-ce que le pragmatisme de John Dewey peut nous apporter comme outils théoriques pour penser l’avenir des institutions universitaires actuelles ? Pour répondre à ce problème, nous émettons l’hypothèse que la conception complexe et étendue de la démocratie par la philosophie pragmatiste fournit un cadre théorique rigoureux et pertinent sur le plan épistémologique, éthique et pédagogique pour reconstruire un nouveau projet politico-éducatif d’université démocratique. C’est donc ce projet bien particulier d’université que nous reconstruisons de trois façons ici. Tout d’abord, sur un plan théorique, nous cherchons à rendre compte de ce qu’a été ce projet à l’époque de John Dewey. Puis, historiquement, nous étudions les expérimentations universitaires menées à cette époque, en différents lieux des Etats-Unis, à partir de ce projet. Enfin, de manière prospective, nous cherchons à formuler, à partir de ces deux premières enquêtes théoriques et historiques, de nouveaux éléments pour actualiser ce projet pour notre époque. L’ambition de ce travail est donc de proposer des pistes de réflexion nouvelles pour l’avenir de l’université à partir d’une philosophie de l’éducation, démocratique et pragmatiste, de l’enseignement supérieur.
The PhD work submitted here is inspired by a transdisciplinary pragmatist approach in which philosophy of education, epistemology, ethics and political philosophy converge in an attempt to answer the following question: What can John Dewey's pragmatism bring us as theoretical tools for thinking about the future of today's academic institutions? To answer this question, we hypothesize that the complex and extensive conception of democracy by the pragmatist philosophy provides a rigorous theoretical framework and a relevant epistemological, ethical and pedagogical perspective for reconstructing a new political-educational project of a democratic university. So it's this particular university project that we're reconstructing in three ways here. First of all, on a theoretical point of view, we're trying to account for what that project was in the time of John Dewey. Then, historically, we examine the academic experiments carried out at that time, in different places in the United States, based on this project. Finally, in a prospective way, we seek to formulate, from these first two theoretical and historical investigations, new elements to update this project for our days. The ambition of this work is to propose new ways of thinking about the future of the university based on a democratic and pragmatic philosophy of education in higher education.
Lardjane, Saliha. "Les difficultés rencontrées par les apprenants palestiniens dans l'acquisition de la compétence pragmatique et l'apprentissage des actes de langage : le cas de la requête de FLE." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2013/document.
Full textThe objective of this study is to examine the difficulties of acquiring pragmatic competencies, as well as the difficulties of learning speech acts, in particular, the act of making a request, among Arabic-speaking Palestinian students at the Al-Quds University. Starting from the fact that Palestinian students learning the French language never get to master the use of this act in French, we sought to analyze the causes of these difficulties, and to find out whether the native language and culture can constitute obstacles to such learning. Moreover, we wanted to verify if the communicative methodology followed to teach a foreign language within our university was effectively teaching these speech acts. Although these communicative methodologies gave place to the teaching of speech acts, this teaching is limited to linguistic structures and contexts in which these speech actsoccur, therefore not allowing for their conceptualization and their semantics. To conduct this study, we are interested, firstly, in the impact of the semantics of the speech acts on their realizations in context. Secondly, we are interested in the teaching process of these speech acts in French as a second language. Our thesis relies, first, on the theories of speech act. For our semantic analysis of the analyzed speech act, we adopted the semantics of argumentative possibilities developed by Galatanu. Following this semantic analysis of requests in the French and Arabic languages, we wished to compare the pragmatic realizations of this speech act within three groups of informers, namely: Palestinian students learning the French language, native Palestinian students who have never learned this language, and native French-speakers. This comparative study sought to discover the differences and/or similarities within the realizations of this speech act in function of the interlocutors’ language and culture. The study also had the objective of overcoming the obstacles that prevent the effective learning and use of the act of requesting among our Palestinian students learning French. Lastly, we wanted to propose a didactic path to solve this problem and which relies on the introduction of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Doughty, James. "Pragmatism and Christian Realism in the Political Thought of Reinhold Niebuhr : An Analysis and Evolution of American Liberalism." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30026/document.
Full textThis work aims to analyze the political thought of the American theologian and political scientist Reinhold Niebuhr (1892-1971). More specifically, it will analyze the way in which Pragmatism was able to influence Niebuhr’s writings. Critical towards the liberal idealism of John Dewey (1859-1952), Niebuhr’s Christian realism was a counter against the optimism that political Pragmatism demonstrated in regards to the nature of man. Despite these criticisms, Niebuhr was unable to escape Pragmatism’s influence. This influence is the reason for this research: how political Pragmatism, specifically that of John Dewey was able to have an impact on Reinhold Niebuhr’s works and his Christian realism. This thesis will study the major works of these two thinkers in order to compare the political thought of each thinker. Younger than Dewey, Niebuhr had for a long time considered Dewey’s thought as nothing more than an idealized and outdated continuation of Enlightenment optimism which was incapable of accurately analyzing the contemporary world. Nevertheless, Niebuhr was influenced by Dewey. This thesis’s goal is to highlight the influences of Pragmatism in Niebuhr’s works in order to show that Niebuhrian thought is a continuation of Dewey’s pragmatic thought, specifically through the notions of Christian Pragmatism and therefore, fits within an overall framework of American Liberalism. In spite of the fundamental differences in thought, we are going to attempt to show that Niebuhr was a part of the typically American intellectual tradition, that is to say, Pragmatism; considered to be a uniquely American philosophical movement. It will be analyzed in order to achieve a greater understanding of these important thinkers, but also, of America’s political landscape
Vajas, Fréderic. "Communication,Ethique, Institution : Quelles formes communicationnelles pour une éducation morale ?Approche multiréférentielle de la question et analyse de pratiques." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100029.
Full textThis research paper addresses the subject of moral education from two complementary angles: in a first section, from a multi-referential theoretical standpoint using concepts from philosophy and the social sciences and referring principally to the sphere of “The Institutional”, to Pragmatism and to Critical Theory, the categories of Communication, Ethics and Institutions are subjected to a systematic scrutiny. The author, a teacher of literature in a Lycée professionnel (secondary school for vocational training), then analyzes classroom and institutional practices relating to a « collective and democratic praxis ». The central idea is that the concept of a moral education can be seen as a “Process for Autonomy and Universality”, an on-going and essential investigation of the notions of Good and Just that, integrated into the everyday school experience, can only be fully carried out in the context of co-operative classes
Courtois, Fleur. "Arts de la ruse: pour une expérimentation tactique des sciences humaines à partir de Michel de Certeau." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210363.
Full textDoctorat en Philosophie
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Yiaueki, Sequoya. "Action, meaning, and argument : a development of pragmatist, expressivist, and inferentialist themes in Eric Weil's Logique de la philosophie." Thesis, Lille 3, 2020. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/EDSHS/2020/2020LIL3H008_texte.pdf.
Full textThe dissertation, Action, Meaning, and Argument: A Development of Pragmatist, Expressivist, and Inferentialist Themes in Éric Weil’s Logique de la Philosophie, investigates Éric Weil’s innovative conceptualization of the place of violence in the philosophical tradition, particularly violence’s relationship to language and discourse. Weil presents violence as the central problem of philosophy. In fact, he sees the historic development of philosophical discourse as an attempt to grasp the world, the individual, meaning, human action in such ways that violence can be reduced. The reason that violence is a central problem is that although it can be reduced it can never be eliminated. Violence, as much as language, is an expression of human freedom, and makes up the individual’s capacity to create meaning in the world. The way Weil characterizes the problem is that the individual is constantly before a free (unjustified and unjustifiable) choice between reason and violence. The philosophical tradition cannot suppress this choice, nor its radical consequences. The individual can always abandon reason and reasonable action for violence. However, the choice to be reasonable is as irreducible as the choice of violence. In other words, in any situation the individual can always refuse violence and refuse meaninglessness and raise themself up in order to grasp their situation coherently. In order to explain how this happens, Weil organizes his own philosophical discourse around attitudes and categories. Attitudes correspond to the implicit grasp of meaning that individual have in the concrete existence of their lives, in their understanding of the world, in their practices, and in their institutions. Categories are the explicit grasp of this meaning in discourse.By articulating attitudes and categories in terms of the implicit and explicit, there is a striking similarity to be drawn with the inferentialist tradition as represented by Robert Brandom. Inferentialism also seeks to make what is implicit in practices explicit in discourse. To this end, Brandom’s inferentialism, taking inspiration from Wilfrid Sellars, creates a sophisticated program at the junction of pragmatics and semantics, philosophy of language, logic, and philosophy of mind. This program aims at explaining the notion of discursive commitment starting from a pragmatist order of explanation by replacing representationalism in philosophy of language for expressivism. The dissertation Action, Meaning, and Argument builds on these insights in order to show how a pragmatist, expressivist, and inferentialist reading of Éric Weil is not just possible but is also particularly fruitful for both Weilian studies and for inferentialism. In a word, this cross-reading aims to show that each of these two theories add something essential to the other. Inferentialism provides a technical apparatus that allows certain of Weil’s key moves to become clearer, namely how to also see Weil’s theory as one which turns around the notion of discursive commitment. What Weil’s conceptualization of violence adds to inferentialism is the idea that any theory of discursive commitment must take the conflictual aspect of concrete commitments into account, in order to understand the possibility of violence that is always present in our language and in our discursive practices
Bächtold, Manuel. "Le possible, l'actuel et l'événement en mécanique quantique : une approche pragmatiste." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370994.
Full textDrumm, Thierry. "Si c'est vrai, qu'est-ce que ça change ?William James :fabrique des savoirs, fabrique philosophique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209258.
Full textDoctorat en Philosophie
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Rozet, Eric. "Pragmatique et philosophie ou l'enjeu de la réflexion philosophique à l'âge pragmatique." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.bibliotheque-numerique-paris8.fr/fre/ref/167931/180110195/.
Full textMarquis, Sylvain. "L'attitude spéculative dans les arts sonores actuels : exploration et méthodologie." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA083722.
Full textSupported by an approach associating exploration and reflexivity, this study investigates sound practices at large, bearing designations as broad as new gestures, experimental musics, audio arts, sound arts, sonic arts or open musics, but also many other denominations associated to specific fields: free improvisation, noise, new instrument making, glitch, clicks and cuts, plunderphonics, radiophonic art, soundscape, drones, micro-sounds, field recording, laptop performance, sound poetry or software art. The many questions triggered by current audio arts are being investigated in three parts. The first part is a historiographical take on the epistemology of music study, and a confrontation to the particular question of audio arts. These observations lead to a second part, which attempts to sketch a conjunctive musicology based on William James' empiricism and pragmatism. The third part of this study outlines a reasoned exploration of audio arts via the conjunctive method, and proposes a typology of the speculative attitude
Couture-Mingheras, Alexandre. "La pensée et le réel : l'idée de monisme neutre." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H218.
Full textOur thesis examines neutral monism and defends that is an Idea in order to think reality prior to its division between realism and idealism, before the world-split between interiority and exteriority. In the first part we shed a new light on the authors referred to by Russell when he invents the neutral monism category. Avenarius's aim is to abandon history since its logic is considered to be invalidated. Mach, since he wants to deconstruct all kind of hypostasis, is led to the self-destruction of identity. As for James, we propose to construe his notion of pure experience: time serves the purpose to neutralize all categories and to reject dualism, and thus results from the ontologicaltransposition of the psychological thought current. This first part ends with the study of Russell, where we demonstrate that he is more akin to neutral monism when he invented et rejected the term, in accordance with his rationalist ideal of universalization, in the theoretical field (the pure I which can multiply itself in order to logically construct the physical world) as well as in the ethical one (to universalize one's des ire). The second part leads to the philosophy of immanence of Schuppe and Schubert-Soldem: the idea is here realized, by the identification of realism and idealism, the reconciliation between consciousness and world. The Immanenzphilosophie can be regarded as an alternative to Husserl's transcendental idealism where the post-Husserlian phenomenology finds once again some of its seminal intuitions
Garrault, Antoine. "L'expérience comme art : résurgences du pragmatisme dans les arts aux Etats-Unis : 1965-1973." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H005.
Full textFor the new generation of artists who emerge during the Sixties, the work of art must by any means be returned to the world of action and relationships, without surrendering its specificity, and without recreating the divisions that made it into an isolated object. A new attitude arises, tending to replace the critical enterprise of modernism with a complex, pragmatical approach free from the media-based distinctions structuring the system of the arts. If the transformations this entails in the field of art are unprecedented, it nonetheless struck several keen observers as being familiar: this is precisely the attitude that defined pragmatism when it made its appearance in philosophy. Don't ask what an idea is, ask what it does, said the philosophers; don't ask what the work is, rather see what the work does, the artists now demand. A philosophy usually considered to be foreign to art objects and artistic activities becomes the operational mode! for an art that suddenly tums into a wildly speculative activity, and takes up the tasks that hitherto fell to philosophy: to come up with the world's mode of coherence, to state the identity between thought and being, to invent new ways of having ideas, etc. In this criss-crossing, what was proper to philosophy comes to define the features of art; conversely, while art becomes a philosophical activity, philosophy itself now appears as an activity of construction and general method of creation
Santini, Sylvano. "La réception pragmatique de Gilles Deleuze dans la théorie littéraire américaine." Thèse, Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17235.
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