Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prazer de ler'

Relatório de Estágio apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino de Português e de Língua Estrangeira (Espanhol) no 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário
No desenvolvimento do presente relatório de estágio pretendo centrar-me nos ideais de cada aluno e nos motivos que os leva a ler um livro ou a ignorá-lo. Em qualquer sala de aula a leitura é trabalhada todos os dias, não pretendo contar o número de vezes em que esse ato ocorre, pretendo antes observar esta prática, adquirindo conhecimentos para compreender qual a maneira mais vantajosa de incitar a leitura sem que o aluno sinta como sendo uma obrigação. O meu objetivo passa também por utilizar várias técnicas de motivação após entender as verdadeiras dificuldades de cada aluno, elevando os seus padrões de leitura, utilizando o máximo de textos/livros na sala de aula, tentando sempre ir ao encontro do gosto próprio de cada aluno ou de um grupo de alunos porque a motivação passa também pela atualização de material e a criatividade individual e/ou coletiva. Indo mais além da motivação, pretendo entender o que leva os adolescentes, hoje em dia, a criar uma relação de inimizade pela leitura e o motivo pelo qual o mesmo livro tem efeitos adversos nos jovens das várias faixas etárias.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, 2009.
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Esta dissertação tem o objetivo principal de estabelecer uma ponte entre a teoria que se discute em âmbito acadêmico, no nível superior, e a prática pedagógica que se realiza em sala de aula, no nível médio. Essa proposta se justifica uma vez que se percebe o pouco contato do estudante de nível médio com a leitura da literatura, cujo ensino, ainda hoje, é centrado no modelo jesuítico e na metaleitura das obras. Para tanto, inicialmente, resgatamos o percurso de construção da leitura na sociedade, numa perspectiva vinculada à literatura. Fazemos também uma reflexão acerca da leitura instituída como disciplina de ensino e dos aspectos legais a ela relacionados. Na sequência, tratamos da interpretação literária na perspectiva do autor do texto e na perspectiva da linguagem, levando em conta a contribuição dessas correntes teóricas para o ensino da literatura. Considerando a leitura um ato cognitivo, dialógico e sobremaneira político, procuramos discutir a importância da leitura e seus desdobramentos na vida do leitor. Assim, refletimos acerca da estética da recepção, do dialogismo e dos gêneros textuais como teorias que podem contribuir, significativamente, para o ensino da literatura. Partindo dessa hipótese, demonstramos as propostas de oficinas de leitura literária na expectativa de envolver o leitor com esse tipo de textos. Apresentamos uma reflexão acerca da recepção das oficinas aplicadas em ambiente de ensino. As propostas, na verdade, visam estabelecer um diálogo com o professor e levá-lo a uma mudança na prática pedagógica: o abandono da metaleitura pelo exercício rotineiro, em ambiente de ensino, a leitura da literatura. ________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This research aims at establishing a brigde between theory that is discussed in the academic field in the university and pedagogical practice that takes place in the classroom at the school level. This proposal is justified since it is clear the little contact of the middle level student with reading of literature, whose teaching is still today based on the Jesuits`s model and the metalecture works. We began our reflection by reconstructuring the path for the construction of reading in society in order to investigate this process associated with literature . We also think through reading established as a discipline of education and the legal aspected related to it. Next, we dealt with literaty interpretation in the author´s point of view of the text and of the language perspective taking into account the contribution of these theoretical perspectives to the teaching of literature. Considering reading as a cogniteve act , dialogic and highly political, we discussed the importance of reading and its implications in the reader´s life. Thus, we reflected on the aesthetics of reception, dialogue and text genres as theories that can significantly contribute to the teaching of literature. Based on this hypothesis, we made proposals for literary reading workshops expecting to involve the reader with this kind of texts. We presented a reflection on the reception of workshops applied in the learning environment. In fact, the proposals are aimed to establish a dialogue with the teacher and persuade his/her to change his/her pedagogical practice: the abandonment of metalecture for the daily exercise reading of literature, in the teaching environment.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Esta tesis de maestr?a es el resultado de una investigaci?n de car?cter cualitativo y etnometodol?gico, realizada entre agosto de 2003 y junio de 2004, en una escuela primaria estatal, ubicada en Natal RN (Brasil). Su objetivo fue investigar la recepci?n de la lectura de literatura por parte de una maestra a la que, seg?n revel?, no le gustaba leer y no se consideraba lectora de literatura. Se busc? investigar la mediaci?n que le posibilitara llegar a ser lectora, comprender cu?les son los aspectos que influyen en la relaci?n entre el lector en formaci?n y la lectura de literatura, y verificar c?mo repercute ese proceso de formaci?n en la pr?ctica docente de la maestra estudiada. Los procedimientos de investigaci?n fueron aplicados con flexibilidad, tomando en cuenta el proceso de formaci?n lectora de la docente. Los principales instrumentos utilizados fueron dos entrevistas semi-estructuradas, realizadas con la maestra, y notas de campo, que adquirieron el formato de un diario de investigaci?n. En la primera etapa, fueron realizadas treinta sesiones de lectura, para posibilitar el acercamiento de la maestra a diferentes textos literarios. En la segunda etapa, fueron realizados tres encuentros de planificaci?n con la maestra y cinco clases de lectura con sus alumnos. El an?lisis focaliza la recepci?n de la lectura literaria por parte de la maestra, abordando diferentes aspectos: su historia en relaci?n con la lectura; la identificaci?n, el contrato ficcional y la relaci?n texto-vida; las previsiones y sus verificaciones; la mediaci?n y el andamiaje brindados para introducir a la maestra en la cultura de la lectura. Se focaliza tambi?n la relaci?n entre sus roles de lectora y de mediadora de lectores. Los fundamentos te?ricos se basan, principalmente, en Coulon (1995a, 1995b), Vigotsky (1989, 1991, 2003), Graves y Graves (1995), Smith (1991), Jauss (2002), Iser (1996, 1999) y Amarilha (1996, 2001). Como resultados de este trabajo, se destacan el inter?s de la maestra, la manera en que ella se involucr? con las historias le?das mediante procesos de identificaci?n con algunos personajes y la relaci?n que estableci? entre los textos y su historia; esos procesos indican avances significativos en su v?nculo con la lectura de literatura. La mediaci?n ocup? un papel central en la consecuci?n de aquellos avances. Vale destacar que la relaci?n texto-vida fue establecida por la maestra con cierta ingenuidad, lo que le impidi? vivenciar lo ficcional como una actividad l?dica. Se considera necesario un contacto m?s intenso y regular con textos de ficci?n, para que la docente pueda distanciarse de su vida cotidiana y adquirir la autonom?a y la conciencia transformadora que le permitir?n ir y volver de la realidad a la ficci?n, enriqueci?ndose, sin confundirlas. Ese contacto no depende s?lo de una actitud individual y personal de la maestra, sino del contexto institucional y social en el cual est? inmersa. En ese sentido, la segunda etapa del trabajo de campo demostr? que el pasaje de la formaci?n lectora inicial a una acci?n pedag?gica adecuada es complejo; los procesos no son lineales y, todav?a, queda un largo camino por recorrer
Esta disserta??o ? resultante de uma pesquisa de car?ter qualitativo e etnometodol?gico, desenvolvida entre agosto de 2003 e junho de 2004, numa escola estadual, de ensino fundamental, situada em Natal RN (Brasil). O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar a recep??o da leitura de literatura por parte de uma professora que revelou n?o gostar de ler nem se considerar leitora de literatura. Procurou-se investigar a media??o que possibilitasse a essa professora tornar-se leitora, compreender quais s?o os aspectos que influem na rela??o entre o leitor em forma??o e a leitura de literatura, e verificar como esse processo repercute na pr?tica docente da professora, sujeito da pesquisa. Os procedimentos da pesquisa foram aplicados com flexibilidade, objetivando atender ao processo de forma??o leitora da professora. Os principais instrumentos utilizados foram duas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com a professora e notas de campo, as quais adquiriram o formato de um di?rio de pesquisa. Na primeira etapa, foram realizadas trinta sess?es de leitura, objetivando possibilitar o acercamento da professora a diferentes textos liter?rios. Na segunda etapa da pesquisa, foram realizados tr?s encontros de planejamento com a professora e cinco aulas de leitura com a sua turma. A an?lise focaliza a recep??o da leitura liter?ria por parte da professora, abordando diferentes aspectos: a hist?ria da professora a respeito da sua rela??o com a leitura; a identifica??o, o contrato ficcional e a rela??o texto-vida; as previs?es e suas verifica??es; a media??o e os andaimes oferecidos para inserir a professora na cultura da leitura. Focaliza-se tamb?m a rela??o entre o papel de leitora e o papel de mediadora de leitores, exercidos pela professora. Os fundamentos te?ricos baseiam-se, principalmente, em Coulon (1995a, 1995b), Vigotsky (1989, 1991, 2003), Graves e Graves (1995), Smith (1991), Jauss (2002), Iser (1996, 1999) e Amarilha (1996, 2001). Como resultados desse estudo, destacam-se o interesse da professora pelas hist?rias lidas, o seu engajamento mediante os processos de identifica??o com alguns personagens e o relacionamento estabelecido entre os textos e sua hist?ria de vida, processos esses que denotam avan?os significativos na sua rela??o com a leitura de literatura. A media??o teve um papel central na consecu??o daqueles avan?os. Vale ressalvar que a rela??o texto-vida foi estabelecida pela professora ainda com certa ingenuidade, o que a impediu de vivenciar o ficcional como uma atividade l?dica. Considera-se necess?rio um contato mais prof?cuo e regular da professora com textos de fic??o, para que consiga se distanciar do cotidiano e adquirir autonomia e consci?ncia transformadora que lhe permitir?o ir e voltar da realidade para a fic??o, enriquecendo-se, sem confundi-las. A consecu??o desse contato prof?cuo e regular com textos de fic??o n?o depende apenas de uma atitude individual e pessoal da professora, mas sim do contexto institucional e social em que ela est? inserida. Assim sendo, a segunda etapa do trabalho de campo demonstrou que a passagem da forma??o leitora inicial para a a??o pedag?gica adequada ? complexa; os processos n?o s?o lineares e, ainda, h? um longo caminho para ser percorrido

Orientador: Lilian Lopes Martin da Silva
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Mestrado

The Master thesis titled To read with pleasure? The reception of the "Contributions to the literary reading educators in the early years of elementary school 'research focuses on analyzing the reception of volumes published by project contributions to literary reading teachers of the lower grades of elementary school - or LIED - by the teachers covered by the books distributed by this project, in order to verify the contribution of these works in their training as literary subject-readers and readers model teachers for their students. The LIED is based on the understanding that, in general, these educators have access to quality literary texts, just reading children's literature and other types of reading for professional purposes and not for their own culture. And so, being oblivious to the literary world, these educators have no facility to stand as player models for their students, which is one of the aggravating low level of motivation to their insertion into the world of writing, whether literary or not. In order to analyze the effectiveness of the Project, an investigation was carried out through extensive questionnaire that included a significant number of educators in order to see how has been the reception of the published volumes. The closed and open questionnaires to 324 teachers, who could quickly answer the questions type were applied. The data were organized into categories and rated the investigation occurred on the incidence of the criteria set forth by the teachers. Tables and charts, that provided analysis and systematization about reading or no reading books Collection were produced. After the questionnaires and analysis of results, was taken to select the subject that would be of potential interest to the interview, which was the second part of the research. And two teachers in a literacy training course Bachelor in Rural Education, FAE / UFMG, which contributed qualitatively to understand the receipt of the collection were selected. As data analysis and categorization of the material procedure, the Content Analysis and Discourse Analysis was used. From the analysis of all the material, it was found that the Project "contributions to literary reading teachers of the lower grades of elementary school" has managed to achieve a degree of satisfaction of almost 100% of those who received the books and participated in the survey since 97% said judging the receiving material (s) book (s). But when it comes specifically reading material, this number drops significantly - only 30% said they had read the book completely. The data also reveal that the project has partly achieved their purpose in disseminating literature and training of readers, besides making the names and works of important writers of Brazilian literature public. All these data show that there is much to be done, as a better and wider dissemination of the Project between schools and teachers, which is of paramount importance to the socio-cultural and educational activities provided by the Project has a character of continuity until at the end of the work, can be assured the validity of production developed in the community of teachers.
A pesquisa de mestrado intitulada Para ler com prazer? A recepção do projeto Contribuições para a leitura literária de educadores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental tem como foco de investigação analisar a recepção dos volumes publicados pelo projeto Contribuições para a leitura literária de educadores das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental ou LIED por parte dos professores contemplados pelos livros distribuídos por esse projeto, com o intuito de verificar a contribuição dessas obras na sua formação como sujeitos-leitores literários e professores modelo de leitores para seus alunos. O LIED baseia-se na compreensão de que, em geral, esses educadores não têm acesso a textos literários de qualidade, lendo apenas literatura infanto-juvenil e outros tipos de leitura para fins profissionais e não para a sua própria vida cultural. E assim, ficando alheios ao universo literário, esses educadores não têm facilidade de se apresentarem como modelos de leitores para seus alunos, o que constitui um dos agravantes do baixo nível de motivação para a inserção destes no mundo da escrita, seja ela literária ou não. Com o objetivo de analisar a eficácia do Projeto, foi realizada uma investigação, por meio de questionário amplo e que contemplou um número significativo de educadores, a fim de verificar como tem sido a recepção dos volumes publicados. Foram aplicados questionários do tipo fechado e aberto a 324 professores, que puderam responder rapidamente as questões. Os dados foram organizados em categorias nominais e a investigação ocorreu acerca da incidência dos critérios apontados pelos professores. Foram produzidos tabelas e gráficos, que propiciaram análises e sistematizações acerca da leitura ou ausência de leitura dos livros da Coleção. Após a aplicação dos questionários e análise dos resultados, foi feita a seleção dos sujeitos que seriam de potencial interesse para a entrevista, que foi a segunda parte da pesquisa. Foram selecionadas duas professoras e dois alfabetizadores em formação, do curso Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, da FAE/UFMG, os quais contribuíram qualitativamente para o entendimento da recepção da Coleção. Como procedimento de análise de dados e de categorização do material, foi utilizada a Análise do Conteúdo. A partir da análise de todo o material, constatou-se que o Projeto Contribuições para a leitura literária de educadores das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental tem conseguido atingir um grau de satisfação de quase 100% daqueles que receberam os livros e participaram da pesquisa, uma vez que 97% disseram julgar relevante ter recebido o (s) livro (s). Porém, quando se trata especificamente da leitura do material, este número cai bastante apenas 30% afirmaram ter lido o livro por completo. Os dados revelam também que o projeto tem, em parte, alcançado seus propósitos na divulgação da literatura e na formação de leitores, além de tornar público os nomes e os trabalhos de importantes escritores da literatura brasileira. Todos estes dados revelam que há muito a ser feito, como uma melhor e maior divulgação do Projeto entre as escolas e os professores, o que é de suma importância para que a ação sociocultural e educativa proporcionada pelo Projeto tenha um caráter de continuidade, até que, ao final dos trabalhos, possa ser assegurada a validade da produção desenvolvida junto à comunidade dos professores.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura.
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O presente trabalho contém uma antologia bilíngüe de textos do desenhista, pintor e escritor inglês Edward Lear (1812-1888), acompanhada das ilustrações originais assinadas pelo artista, considerado um dos pais da literatura nonsense vitoriana, junto com seu contemporâneo Lewis Carroll. Neste trabalho, o nonsense criado por Lear é discutido levando-se em consideração, primeiramente, questões gerais como, por exemplo, a sua biografia, as definições do termo nonsense, sua estreita relação com o humor, o papel da caricatura na sua obra e, ainda, algumas semelhanças e diferenças entre a sua estética e a de Lewis Carroll. Em seguida, são analisados os textos da antologia, dando-se destaque também às ilustrações.

The context of this project was Arise Church in Spokane, Washington. The problem is Arise members are not reaching out into the community. The purpose is to train participants in Spirit-led prayer to prepare them for outreach. The central question explored was: Can training in Spirit-led prayer increase motivation and empower participants for outreach? The training occurred in a home fellowship group. The method of research employed was a qualitative case study. Data was collected using pre and post training surveys, interviews, and journals. The results were participants had increased knowledge, skill, and confidence in Spirit-led prayer.

This thesis deals with violoncello field of study since the establishment of the Academy to these days. The text is arranged into three chapters. The first part describes history and particular teachers and their students. The second chapter includes complete list of diploma theses written by students of violoncello department. The Third chapters includes the list of teachers and students in academic year 2016/2017.

This doctor's thesis called Representatives of New music in Prague at the turn of the fifties and sixties of the 20th century focuses on selected Czech composers, instrumentalists as well as chamber ensembles that composed and performed contemporary music and promoted Czech and foreign compositions of the period avant-garde, or so called New music. The publication is dedicated mainly to three composers: Marek Kopelent, Zbyněk Vostřák and Jan Klusák. The book is divided into 8 chapters. New music and its innovations after World War II, Social situation and musical milieu in Czechoslovakia in the 50th, The Beginning of New music in Prague and in selected specialized ensembles, Media reflections in Czech journals and newspapers, three analyses of Czech compositions from the sixties ? orchestral work Contemplations by Marek Kopelent, String quartet no. 2 by Jan Klusák and Affects by Zbyněk Vostřák and final chapter is called The Legacy of sixtieth. There are also two more appendixes ? the interviews with Jan Klusák and Marek Kopelent ? major living representatives of Czech musical avant-garde.

Les síndromes de Prader-Willi (SPW) i d'Angelman (SA) són causades per diferents anomalies genètiques que afecten la regió 15q11-q13 regulada per impressió genètica. La manca d'expressió de gens paterns causa la SPW i anomalies que afecten la còpia materna del gen UBE3A causa la SA. El 70-75% del casos SPW i SA s'originen per delecions de la regió cromosòmica 15q11-q13 en el cromosoma patern o matern respectivament. Un 20-25% dels casos SPW són deguts a disomies uniparentals (DUP) maternes i el 2-5% dels casos SA són causats per DUP paternes. Entre l'1 i el 5% dels casos són causats per un defecte en la impressió (DI) en ambdues síndromes. En la SA la segona causa més freqüent (10-15%) són mutacions puntuals en el gen UBE3A i un percentatge de casos similar a l'anterior presenten una clínica consistent de la SA però es desconeix la causa genètica. Les delecions i DUP tenen un risc de recurrència molt baix. Aproximadament el 85% del casos de DI no presenten delecions ni anomalies en la seqüència del centre regulador de la impressió genètica (CI) i són considerats errors epigenètics amb un risc de recurrència molt baix. En el 15% restant el DI és originat per una deleció en el CI que pot ser familiar comportant un risc del 50% o bé pot ser de novo.
L'objectiu principal de la present tesi doctoral va ser millorar les tècniques diagnòstiques de la SPW i la SA i aprofundir en la etiologia d'ambdues síndromes. Per tal d'assolir aquest objectiu es va realitzar la posta a punt de la tècnica M-PCR, per analitzar el patró de metilació del CI que permet el diagnòstic de les síndromes quan la causa és una deleció de la regió 15q11-q13, o una DUP o un DI. Tanmateix s'ha analitzat la seqüència del gen UBE3A en 30 pacients SA amb patró de metilació normal i clínica consistent, i s'ha realitzat l'estudi del CI en els casos SPW i SA amb un DI. Com resultat d'aquests estudis s'han identificat cinc mutacions en el gen UBE3A i una deleció de novo en el centre d'impressió en un pacient SPW. De les cinc mutacions en el gen UBE3A tres han estat de novo i dues familiars. A més d'aquestes cinc mutacions tres no havien estat descrites amb anterioritat. En la resta de pacients amb DI s'ha descartat la presència de deleció i de mutacions puntuals pel que el defecte d'impressió ha estat causat per un error epigenètic.
Aquests resultats ens han permès l'assessorament genètic als familiars de risc i oferir un diagnòstic prenatal així com valorar les correlacions fenotip-genotip en la SPW i SA.
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are caused by different genetic abnormalities affecting the 15q11-q13 region regulated by imprinting. Loss of paternal expression genes causes PWS and genetic abnormalities in the maternal UBE3A gene cause AS. Paternal or maternal 15q11-q13 deletions cause 70-75% of PWS and AS cases, respectively. Maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) cause 20-25% of PWS cases and 2-5% of AS cases are caused by paternal UPD. The range 1-5% of cases is due to imprinting defects (ID) in both syndromes. The second cause of AS (10-15%) is an UBE3A gene mutation and in the same percentage of AS patients the genetic cause is unknown. Deletions and UPD have a low recurrence risk. The 85% of ID do not have abnormalities in the imprinting center (IC) and are considered epigenetic defects with a low recurrence risk. The 15% of ID are caused by an IC deletion that could be hereditary with a 50% of recurrence risk or could be sporadic.
The aim of this thesis was to improve the PWS and AS diagnostic techniques and to study in depth the etiology of both syndromes. In order to achieve this aim we optimized the M-PCR technique to analyze the IC methylation patern for 15q11-q13 deletions, UPD and ID diagnosis. Moreover, UBE3A sequence analysis was done in 30 AS patients with normal methylation patern and IC study was done in 2 PWS and 4 AS cases with an ID. As a result of these studies we identified five UBE3A mutations and a de novo IC deletion in a PWS ID patient. Out of the five UBE3A mutations three were sporadic and two hereditary. Moreover, three of these five UBE3A mutations have not been previously described. In the other ID patients we conclude the cause is an epimutation since the presence of a deletion or mutations in the IC was rule out.
These results have allowed to offer recurrence risk and prenatal diagnosis and to assess phenotype-genotype correlations.

Parmi les maires de grandes villes françaises, Louis Pradel est une exception. Il n'est pas parlementaire. Singularité qui s'explique par une certaine configuration d'un capital politique qui le conduit à jouer une partition locale. Non pas les leviers classiques de la conquête et de la conservation du pouvoir - mobilisation de réseaux d'influence, construction et diffusion par la presse locale d'une image positive auprès de la population, contact direct avec les habitants, discours flattant le pratriotisme local, apolitisme, dosage savant des listes - mais c'est suivant un dosage inédit : omniprésence dans les quartiers, dynamisme de l'action municipale, positionnement hors parti agrémenté d'un zeste de patriotisme local. Si le maire de Lyon ressortit à un modèle dominant, il s'en éloigne par un facteur fondamental, la personnalité, clé pertinente pour l'analyse des pouvoirs municipaux. L'histoire personnelle, les expériences, le style de l'homme, ses traits de caractère ont autant marqué sa façon de de construire ses réseaux d'influence - à partir des choix antérieur de vie - que la conduite des projets municipaux et surtout le processus d'adhésion et de fidélisation de la population à sa personne.

This dissertation work is historically oriented. It deals with the bookkeeping and accounting practice for the period 1918 - 1988. This dissertation work is divided into six periods, namely the following: The First Republic 1918 - 1938, The Second Republic and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 1939 - 1945, The period after World War II 1946 - 1951, The Accounting records 1952 - 1965, The Dual circuit accounting 1966 - 1974, The Single circuit accounting 1975 - 1989. This dissertation work is mostly focus on double-entry accounting. It gives an overview of the development of accounting terminology, financial statements, accounting books, purposes and objectives of accounting and accounting practice. Part of this dissertation work deals with the business education, especially the economically-oriented secondary schools.

La prière, parce qu’elle suppose une reconnaissance du pouvoir des mots et des gestes, est une pratique tangible et un fait historique. Étudier sa nature et ses évolutions fait progresser la connaissance des comportements et des dispositifs religieux. Ainsi, les prières formulées par les empereurs romains, qu’ils soient païens ou chrétiens, participent de la manifestation de leur pouvoir et de l’expression des rapports complexes entre l’individu, la communauté et le monde divin. Néanmoins la nature de la documentation et la spécificité des différents systèmes religieux conduisent à privilégier une relative synchronie. L’étude des prières récitées par l’empereur dans la célébration des cultes publics permet de préciser l’articulation entre la personne impériale et la communauté publique. Sur le temps long, il est alors possible de discuter les supposées évolutions ou mutations de ces responsabilités et de leurs représentations. Aussi la nature même des prières romaines peut-elle être éclairée au regard des interrogations modernes sur les religions antiques et des concepts de spiritualisation, d’individualisation ou de performance collective. La définition du paysage cultuel des empereurs romains permet de reconsidérer le sens même de la prière individuelle et de ses enjeux religieux et sociaux. L’ensemble de ces approches se prolonge harmonieusement avec le passage du paganisme au christianisme. La place des empereurs dans le culte communautaire, la possible élaboration de dispositifs cultuels spécifiques et la représentation de leurs prières individuelles ou personnelles participent de l’étude historique de la lente constitution d’un christianisme impérial romain divers
The prayer is a tangible practice and a historical fact. It implies recognition of the power of words and gestures. The study of its nature and evolutions improves knowledge of religious behaviours and setups. Prayers made by pagan or Christian Roman emperors involve representation of their power and show the complex relationship between the person, the community and the divine world. However, the available documentation and the specificity of different religious systems lead to adopt a relative synchrony. The prayers said in public cults are used to study the relationship between the imperial person and public community. It is then possible to have a long-term discussion of the supposed changes or mutations of these responsibilities and their images. The nature of Roman prayers can be discussed by the modern interrogations about antique religions and concepts such as spiritualization, individualization and collective performance. The definition of the Roman emperors worship landscape allows reconsidering the very meaning of individual prayer together with its religious and social issues. All these approaches extend harmoniously from Paganism to early Christianity. The position of emperors in community worship, the development of specific worship setup and representation of individual or personal prayers are part of an historical study focused on the slow formation of a diverse Roman imperial Christianity

L'objectiu general d'aquesta tesi queda emmarcat dins del coneixement del bosc mediterrani i en concret de l'alzinar. El que s'ha pretés és analitzar en el cas de l'alzina (Quercus ilex L.). 1) Com la disponibilitat d'aigua i nutrients es relacionen amb les característiques estructurals i el contingut de nutrients que composen la capçada. 2) Quins patrons temporals de variació presenten. 3) Com aquests patrons temporals es poden relacionar amb la utilització dels nutrients, la seva reabsorció o retranslocament i l'eficiència en el seu ús. Aquestes análisis s'han fet sota diferents situacions de dísponibilitat d'aigua i nutrients.

1r. cas. Seguiment a la part alta (coster) i baixa (vall) de la conca de L'Avic

Entre aquests dos extrems es troba un gradient de disponibilitat dins del qual la vall reb menys radiació, té sols més profimds i, a més de la pluja, reb aports laterals d'aigua per drenatge de les parts més altes de la conca. També s'han analitzat quines diferències apareixen en el perfil vertical de les capçades i s'ha seguit en diferents moments de l'any. La massa de nutrient per unitat de superfície de fulla és diferent entre el coster i la vall reflectint les diferéncies de disponibilitat entre la part alta o coster i la baixa o vall. A la vall s'ha trobat més massa de nitrògen i de magnesi per unitat de superfície de fulla. Això es pot associar a una més alta capacitat fotosintètica en aquest lloc, que estimula un bosc menys dens i més alt quan es compara amb el coster. En canvi, s'ha trobat més massa i concentració de potassi al coster que a la vall, fet que pot estar relacionat amb un major control estomatic al coster que a la vall. El contingut de nutrients a les fulles al llarg del perfil vertical a la capçada aixi com la seva reabsorció decreixent des de la part alta a la part baixa de la capçada. Les fulles de la part inferior de la capçada tenen més restringit el magatzem de nutrients que poden ser reutilitzats. Les variacions en la massa de nitrogen i fòsfor per unitat de superfície de fulla posen en evidència processos de descarrega de nitrogen i fòsfor abans de l'estiu, i nova càrrega d'aquests nutrients en els períodes de menys producció. Les variacions de massa de nitrogen i fòsfor a les fulles vives van ser més grans a la vall. La reabsorció de nutrients de la fullaraca va ser lleugerament més alta pel nitrogen i més baixa pel fòsfor al coster. La reabsorció de fòsfor va ser sempre més alta a la vall. Un major creixement a la vall estimula la reabsorció de nutrients per l'efecte conegut per "source-sink".

2n. cas: Manipulació experimental a partir de la irrigació i la fertilització.

L'alzinar manipulat és relativament homogeni i se situa a uns 900 m d'altitud i en el vessant d'orientació E-SE del Barranc dels Torners; amb alzines d'uns 6 m d'alçada i una densitat mitjana de 18.500 peus/ha. Es va dissenyar un experiment factorial que ens permetés analitzar el paper de l'aigua, el nitrogen i el fòsfor, i les seves interaccions, per la qual cosa es van delimitar 24 parcel.les de 5 x 8 m., agrupades en blocs de vuit parcel.les. El fertilitzant es va aplicar de forma sòlida el març del 1989 i en una sola dosi, que consistia a 250 kg de N/ha en forma de nitrat amonic en els tractaments amb nitrogen i 125 kg de P/ha en forma de superfosfato calcic en els tractaments amb fòsfor. L'aigua es va proporcionar amb reg per goteig, amb un aport setmanal de 20-30 mm durant les èpoques més càlides de 1989, 1990 i 1991. El període d'estudi que presentem va des de la tardor de 1988 (abans de la manipulació) fins l'estiu de 1990. Diferències interannuals de les condicions ambientals en l'experiment de fertilització i d'irrigació han influenciat les característiques estructurals de la capçada a part dels canvis induits per l'experiment, de manera que fulles i branquillons produïts en anys secs (1989) són més petits que els produïts en anys més humits (1988). Aquestes diferències ja es van observar abans del tractament (comparant 1987 amb 1988). Malgrat això, la producción de 1990 reflecteix més clarament els efectes de l'expriment, atès que la irrigació es va poder començar a principis de primavera i no ja iniciat l'estiu (mitjans de juliol) com va succeir l'any 1989. L'aigua i el nitrogen son els principals factors que limiten el creixement de l'alzina. Malgrat això l'efecte negatiu del fosfor aplicat en forma de superfosfat càlcic no és clar. Els efectes negatius dels tractaments amb fòsfor possiblement es deuen a la interacció del calci amb el potassi en reduir l'absorció de potassi i per tant afectant el creixement de la capçada. L'efecte de l'aigua queda clarament reflectit en les característiques estructurals dels elements que composen la capçada: més pes i longitud dels brots així com de l'àrea de fulles. En canvi, contràriament al que esperariem, el pes especific de les fulles no és més baix en els tractaments amb aigua. Atès que la irrigació aplicada no ha modificat la radiació que arriba a les capçades, però en canvi la pluja sí que l'hagués modificat (degut als núvols), creiem que altres variables com la radiació incident semblen la causa més important que determina el pes específic. L'efecte de l'aigua en la concentració de nutrients ha estat en general una concentració més baixa en els tractaments amb aigua. Aquesta es pot explicar per una major producció en els tractaments amb aigua que ha donat com a resultat una dilució dels nutrients inclosos en una matèria orgànica més estructural. L'efecte del nitrogen també ha quedat reflectit en un major creixement dels elements que composen la capçada. S'ha obtingut més per mitja i longitud dels branquillons en aquest tractament. A més les fulles produïdes a la primavera de 1990 (menors d'un any) han presentat menys pes específic, i més pes i àrea mitjana. L'efecte del nitrogen en la concentració de nutrients ha quedat recollit en una major concentració a les fulles produïdes a la primavera de 1990 amb els tractaments de nitrogen. L'aigua i el nitrogen han augmentat l'àrea nova de fulles i l'índex foliar; aquests efectes a la capçada s'han produït abans i de forma més accentuada en els tractaments amb nitrogen que en els tractaments amb aigua, però aquests últims a més han incrementat el diàmetre dels arbres. Per tant la distribució de la producció en la fertilització amb nitrógeno sembla que s'ha dirigit més a les capçades que en el cas de la irrigació. Els tractaments amb nitrogen han augmentat la reabsorció de nitrogen i fòsfor en les fulles produïdes a la primavera de 1987 abans de la seva caiguda. Això es pot relacionar amb la major producció de fulles noves i per tant amb l'augment de la demanda de nutrients (efecte "source-sink"). Els tractaments amb aigua han augmentat la massa de fosfor reabsorbida però no el seu percentatge. Els tractaments amb fosfor han reduït l'àrea i pes mitjà de les fulles i la longitud mitjana dels branquillons. Això possiblement es pot explicar per la més baixa concentració de potassi en aquests elements i el seu paper en els processos d'expansió d'àrea foliar i de creixement en longitud dels branquillons. El tractament amb fòsfor no ha modificat la concentració d'aquest element.

3r cas: Manipulació experimental a partir de pertorbacions: efecte del foc i la tallada arreu.

En una zona d'alzinar, relativament homogènia, a finals de l'estiu del 1988 es va fer una tallada arreu en dues superficies (una al costat de l'altra) de 40m x 20m d'alzinar. D'aquestes es van treure els troncs de més de 2 cm de diàmetre i s'hi va deixar la resta. Les restes es van distribuir homogèniament, deixant al voltant d'una d'elles una zona totalment neta per controlar el foc que a la tardor de 1988 se li va practicar. S'han analitzat tres situacions: (1) Tallada arreu deixant les branques; (2) Tallada arreu sense deixar-hi res (tallafocs); i (3) després del foc. La regeneració de l'alzina ha estat un element comé en totes les pertorbacions practicades. Característiques comunes entre la parcel.la cremada, la parcel.la tallada arreu deixant les branques i la parcel.la tallada arreu i neta (tallafocs) han estat fulles de mida més gran en els rebrots que a les alzines no pertorbades. Les diferències han estat a les fulles de l'eix de creixement principal. A mesura que han anat apareixent nous eixos de creixement, les característiques estructurals de les fulles i branquillons dels rebrots s'han acostat més a les del bosc no pertorbat. Així, les diferències amb el bosc no pertorbat han desaparegut a les fraccions produïdes durant el segon any després de la pertorbació. Fraccions distribuïdes bàsicament en els eixos de creixement d'ordre més gran (quart i cinquè eix de creixement). Els rebrots de la parcel.la tallada amb branques han presentat diferències estructurals a les etapes inicials del seu creixement degut a la intercepció de la llum produïda per les branques tallades i deixades. Això s'ha reflectit en un creixement inicial més gran en l'eix principal i un menor desenvolupament lateral de la capçada, així com també un menor pes espectlic. Aquestes diferències han desaparegut un cop s'han superat les branques deixades a la parcel.la. La parcel.la tallada i neta (tallafocs) ha presentat un menor creixement com reflecteixen una menor àrea de fulla i àrea basal i un menor pes mitjà de l'eix principal dels rebrots. Les concentracions de nitrogen, fòsfor i sofre tendeixen a ser més baixes als estius i més altes a la tardor i la primavera, períodes en què el creixement és mes baix. Les variacions temporals de la massa de nitrogen i fòsfor per unitat de superfície de fulla posen en evidència la importància de la reabsorció de nitrogen i fòsfor en aquestes etapes inicials de creixement que poden alimentar les noves estructure:s produïdes. Podem afirmar que l'alzina presenta una gran plasticitat pel que fa als elements que composen la seva capçada en relació a les disponibilitats d'aigua i nutnents. Aquesta plasticitat que queda recollida en mesures com el pes mitjà de les fulles i la seva àrea mitjana així com el pes mitjà i la longitud dels branquillons. El contingut de nutrients també recull les diferències de disponibilitat d'aquests elements. En general s'observen a les fulles d'alzina, valors més baixos de nitrogen i fòsfor als estius i valors més alts a la tardor i la primavera. Això corrobora l'existència de la reabsorció d'aquests elements al llarg de la vida de les fulles i per tant un cert paper d'aquests processos en el subministre de nutrients en els moments de creixement a la primavera.

ABSTRACT:

Canopy structure and nutrient content in a "Quercus ilex" L. forest in NE Spain were analysed in three conditions.

1. Seasonal and spatial variation within a catchment. Two locations (ridge-top - RT-, at 975 m and valley bottom -VB-, al 700 m were compared. N, P and Mg concentration (% dry weight) and N and Mg mass (micrograms/cm2) in leaves were higher al the VB site. K concentration and mass in leaves was higher at the RT site. N resorption increased from top to bottom of the canopy. Higher N and lower P resorption at the RT site was found. Seasonal changes of P and N concentration on a leaf area basis suggested P and N replenishment during lower growth activity. These variations were larger at the VB site.

2. Fertilization with Nitrogen and/or phosphorus and irrigation effects. Water and nitrogen treatments had a positive effect on growth. Increased mean weight of leaves and stems, stem length, leaf turnover and leaf area index were found. Nitrogen produced the increase in mean leaf area. Mean leaf area and stem length of current leaves after treatments were smaller m phosphorus treatments. Nitrogen treatments increased the N concentration in young leaves. The increased N and P resorptions in nitrogen treatments were probably stimulated by increased new leaf growth.

3. Effects of clearcutting and fire. It was analysed how "Quercus ilex" responds after (1) burning, (2) clearcutting and leaving the slash and (3) clearcutting and removing the slash (firebreak area). Large leaves on the main axis resprouts were produced. The largest stem elongation occurred the first year. During the second year new leaves and stems tended to show similar structural characteristics than those from the undisturbed forest. The slash presence reduced lateral biomass expansion and the initial specific leaf weight. The firebreak area showed initial lower production. Minimum N, P, and S concentrations were found in summers. N and P mass variations showed the importance of resorption. Differences between treatments were a lower N concentration in the burned plot, lower initial importance of N mass resorption in the clearcut plot and lower K concentration in firebreak area.

Cette thèse a eu pour but d’étudier le rôle des systèmes bioaminergiques bulbaires dans la maturation et le fonctionnement du générateur de rythme respiratoire (GRR) ainsi que leur éventuelle implication dans certaines pathologies respiratoires. Les expériences ont été réalisées chez des souris normales ou transgéniques en utilisant, du stade foetal au stade adulte, des approches in vivo (pléthysmographie) et in vitro (tronc cérébral isolé) pour analyser la respiration et des approches biochimiques (HPLC) et immunohistologiques pour analyser les systèmes bioaminergiques. Chez la souris normale, ce travail montre que les neurones catécholaminergiques bulbaires d’A1/C1 exercent une modulation facilitatrice sur le GRR, qu’ils interagissent avec les systèmes cholinergiques et que les neurones catécholaminergiques bulbaires d’A2/C2 sont impliqués dans la stabilisation du GRR. Chez la souris transgénique, la déficience pour les gènes Mecp2, Ndn ou mTsh3 induit des anomalies des systèmes bioaminergiques bulbaires qui altèrent la maturation et le fonctionnement du GRR, conduisant à des déficits respiratoires et à des situations pathologiques graves, voire létales. Dans le cas de la souris déficiente pour le gène Mecp2, modèle murin du Syndrome de Rett, ce travail montre que des traitements pharmacologiques visant à pallier les déficits bioaminergiques améliorent la respiration et la survie. En conclusion, cette thèse montre que la maturation et le fonctionnement du GRR sont dépendants des systèmes bioaminergiques bulbaires et suggère que des traitements pharmacologiques agissant sur les systèmes bioaminergiques offrent des possibilités thérapeutiques pour certaines maladies rares accompagnées de troubles respiratoires, tels les Syndromes de Rett, de Prader-Willi, et de la Mort Subite du Nourrisson, ainsi que pour la plus fréquente pathologie respiratoire chez l’homme adulte, le Syndrome des Apnées du Sommeil
The aim of this work was to study the role of medullary bioaminergic neurons in the maturation and function of the respiratory rhythm generator (RRG) as well as their possible implication in pathologies accompanied with respiratory deficits. Experiments have been performed in wild type and mutant mice, from fetal to adult ages, using in vivo plethysmography and in vitro preparations to study the respiratory activity and biochemistry and immunohistology to study the bioaminergic systems. In wild type mice, we show that the medullary catecholaminergic neurons of A1/C1 exert a facilitatory modulation on the RRG activity and interact with the cholinergic system, and that the medullary catecholaminergic neurons of A2/C2 contribute to stabilize the RRG activity. In mutant mice, we show that the deficiency of Mecp2, Ndn or mTsh3 genes induces anomalies in the medullary bioaminergic systems that alter the maturation and function of the RRG, inducing severe, even lethal, respiratory deficits. In concern with Mecp2 mutant, a mouse model for Rett Syndrome, we show that pharmacological treatments aimed to compensate their bioaminergic deficits efficiently alleviate their respiratory deficits and prolongs their life span. To conclude, this work show that maturation and function of the RRG require normal medullary bioaminergic systems and suggest that pharmacological treatments targeting the bioaminergic systems may be possible issues for some rare diseases accompanied with respiratory deficits such as Rett Syndrome, Prader Willi Syndrome and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome as well as the most common respiratory pathology in adults, the Sleep Apnea Syndrome

En 1534, le Parlement vota l’Acte de Suprématie qui achevait la rupture de l’Angleterre avec Rome et consacrait le roi comme chef de l’Église d’Angleterre. Si la reformes religieuses du roi et leur réception par les Anglais ont fait l’objet de multiples travaux, les conséquences du schisme et de la suprématie royale sur la prière publique n’ont pas été étudiées. Pourtant, le régime exigea aussitôt que toute référence aux titres et à l’autorité du pape soit supprimée de la liturgie et la prière publique fut activement employée pour promouvoir la suprématie royale. L’analyse des livres liturgiques en usage pendant la période permet de mesurer le degré de soumission du clergé anglais et révèle, en outre, que de nombreux prêtres se sont appliqués à adapter les textes liturgiques aux réformes henriciennes. Ainsi la suprématie royale, loin de n’être qu’un concept politique ou une solution institutionnelle apparaît comme une véritable doctrine religieuse. Mettre l’accent sur la liturgie permet de se situer au cœur d’une problématique essentielle du siècle de la Réforme : que faut-il faire pour être sauvé ? Les confessions de foi publiées à partir de 1536 avancent de nouvelles perspectives sur le sens des sacramentaux : leur dimension perfomative est niée au profit d’une interprétation symbolique. La mise en doute de l’efficacité de la parole liturgique s’étend aux sacrements qui deviennent le sujet de vifs débats au sein du clergé et du peuple. Les expérimentations liturgiques conduites dans les paroisses et la contestation du statut de la liturgie comme dépôt de la foi et moyen d’accès au salut contribuent à expliquer comment la Réforme s’implanta en Angleterre
By passing the Act of Supremacy in 1534, Parliament enshrined the break with Rome and theroyal supremacy into the law of the land. The religious reforms which ensued and their impact on the English have already been examined, but the liturgical consequences of the schism and the king’s headship of the Church have not. Yet, the regime immediately required that the liturgy be rid of all mention of the pope and his authority while harnessing public prayer to promote the royal supremacy. Studying the liturgical books in use in the period affords the historian unprecedented access to the religious practices and beliefs in English parishes. Many priests had adapted the liturgy to the royal supremacy which this thesis argues had become a functional dogma of the Henrician church. The European Reformation movement of the mid-16th century is itself deeply concerned with the place of liturgical rituals in Christian life. Under Henry, the meaning and efficacy of the sacramentals was challenged. The liturgy of these ceremonies was no longer considered as a trustworthy deposit of the faith, and sacramental practice, which was no longer thought of as an essential means of s! alvation, became a battle ground between evangelicals and conservatives. The numerous liturgical experiments, both statebacked and initiated locally, in conjunction with the challenge to the traditionnal understanding of the liturgy, contribute to our understanding of how England gradually became a Protestant nation

A mitjan segle XIV, es va potenciar l’explotació minera de l’argent al comtat de les Muntanyes de Prades i baronia d’Entença. Aquest domini comtal, creat l’any 1324, conformava un conjunt territorial i senyorial indivisible sota la regència d’un únic senyor. En aquest marc ampli, l’explotació del metall noble es va desenvolupar especialment al voltant de la ciutat que exercia la capitalitat administrativa del domini: Falset (el Priorat, Catalunya). De fet, hi va haver un boom de l’explotació d’argent en una zona de llarga tradició minera en la producció, sobretot, de plom. Precisament, l’explotació de la galena i el plom s’estenia i havia estat important des d’antic al territori que abraça l’àrea del Molar–Bellmunt–Falset. El responsable que es focalitzessin els esforços en l’explotació de l’argent en aquesta zona a mitjan segle XIV va ser, sens dubte, el segon comte de Prades: l’infant Pere d’Aragó, fill del monarca Jaume II d’Aragó i Blanca d’Anjou. El qual, de fet, va ser comte de les Muntanyes de Prades des del 1342 fins al 1358. Així doncs, en la present tesi doctoral, es treballen diversos aspectes relacionats amb l’activitat minera i metal·lúrgica de l’argent que es va desenvolupar a Falset mentre va ser comte de Prades l’infant Pere. De fet, el tema s’aborda de forma exhaustiva i des d’una perspectiva àmplia. Ara bé, per centrar el treball, s’analitzen tres àmbits temàtics bàsics: la regulació normativa de l’explotació de l’argent, la gestió i organització estructural de l’activitat i, finalment, la producció de les mines. Així, essencialment a partir de la transcripció i l’anàlisi acurat de documentació conservada a l’Arxiu Ducal de Medinaceli a Catalunya, s’articulen els diferents apartats. Els quals van desgranant cadascun dels temes tractats.
A mediados del siglo XIV, se potenció la explotación minera de la plata en el Condado de las Montañas de Prades y Baronía de Entenza. Este dominio condal, creado en 1324, conformaba un conjunto territorial y señorial indivisible bajo la regencia de un único señor. En este marco amplio, la explotación del metal noble tuvo lugar especialmente en el área de influencia de la ciudad que ejercía la capitalidad administrativa del dominio: Falset (el Priorat, Cataluña). De hecho, hubo un boom de la explotación de plata en una zona de larga tradición minera en la producción, sobretodo, de plomo. Precisamente, la explotación de la galena y el plomo se desarrollaba y había sido importante desde antaño en el territorio que abarca el área del Molar–Bellmunt–Falset. El responsable de que se focalizaran los esfuerzos en la explotación de la plata en esta zona a mediados del XIV fue, sin duda, el segundo conde de Prades: el infante Pedro de Aragón, hijo del monarca Jaime II de Aragón y Blanca de Anjou. Éste, en realidad, fue conde de las Montañas de Prades desde 1342 hasta 1358. Por lo tanto, en la presente tesis doctoral, se trabajan diversos aspectos relacionados con la actividad minera y metalúrgica de la plata que se desarrolló en Falset mientras fue conde de Prades el infante Pedro. De hecho, el tema se aborda de forma exhaustiva y desde una perspectiva amplia. Aún así, para centrar el trabajo, se analizan tres ámbitos temáticos básicos: la regulación normativa de la explotación de la plata, la gestión y organización estructural de la actividad y, finalmente, la producción de las minas. De este modo, esencialmente a partir de la transcripción y el análisis detallado de la documentación conservada en el Archivo Ducal de Medinaceli en Cataluña, se articulan los diferentes apartados. Los cuales van desgranando cada uno de los temas tratados.
In the mid 14th century, silver mining exploitation was boosted and strengthened in the County of Prades Mountains and Barony of Entença. This dominion, which was created in 1324, was a territorially and lordly indivisible ensemble under the rule of only one lord. In this broad frame, the noble metal exploitation was specially developed in the zone of influence of Falset (Priorat, Catalonia). This city was the administrative capital of the wide dominion. In fact, there was a boom in silver exploitation in an area where lead production, above all, had been developed for a long time. Precisely, galena and lead exploitation had been important in the area made up of Molar–Bellmunt–Falset territory, where this activity had been present since Prehistory. Without a doubt, the second count of Prades was the main responsible for focusing all the efforts in silver exploitation in this area in the mid 14th century. He is usually called Infante Peter of Aragon, because he was King James II of Aragon and Blanca of Anjou’s son. In fact, this infante was count of Prades Mountains from 1342 to 1358. Therefore, the present doctoral thesis deals with several aspects related to silver mining and metallurgy which were developed in Falset while Infante Peter was count of Prades. Actually, this subject is covered in a thorough way and from a broad perspective. Nevertheless, three main issues are analysed in order to focus attention on this subject: silver exploitation ordinances, administration and structural organization of the activity and, finally, mines production. In this way, the different book sections are primarily organised using the information obtained by transcribing and studying documents from Medinaceli’s Ducal Archive in Catalonia.

A mitjan segle XIV, es va potenciar l’explotació minera de l’argent al comtat de les Muntanyes de Prades i baronia d’Entença. Aquest domini comtal, creat l’any 1324, conformava un conjunt territorial i senyorial indivisible sota la regència d’un únic senyor. En aquest marc ampli, l’explotació del metall noble es va desenvolupar especialment al voltant de la ciutat que exercia la capitalitat administrativa del domini: Falset (el Priorat, Catalunya). De fet, hi va haver un boom de l’explotació d’argent en una zona de llarga tradició minera en la producció, sobretot, de plom. Precisament, l’explotació de la galena i el plom s’estenia i havia estat important des d’antic al territori que abraça l’àrea del Molar–Bellmunt–Falset. El responsable que es focalitzessin els esforços en l’explotació de l’argent en aquesta zona a mitjan segle XIV va ser, sens dubte, el segon comte de Prades: l’infant Pere d’Aragó, fill del monarca Jaume II d’Aragó i Blanca d’Anjou. El qual, de fet, va ser comte de les Muntanyes de Prades des del 1342 fins al 1358. Així doncs, en la present tesi doctoral, es treballen diversos aspectes relacionats amb l’activitat minera i metal·lúrgica de l’argent que es va desenvolupar a Falset mentre va ser comte de Prades l’infant Pere. De fet, el tema s’aborda de forma exhaustiva i des d’una perspectiva àmplia. Ara bé, per centrar el treball, s’analitzen tres àmbits temàtics bàsics: la regulació normativa de l’explotació de l’argent, la gestió i organització estructural de l’activitat i, finalment, la producció de les mines. Així, essencialment a partir de la transcripció i l’anàlisi acurat de documentació conservada a l’Arxiu Ducal de Medinaceli a Catalunya, s’articulen els diferents apartats. Els quals van desgranant cadascun dels temes tractats.
A mediados del siglo XIV, se potenció la explotación minera de la plata en el Condado de las Montañas de Prades y Baronía de Entenza. Este dominio condal, creado en 1324, conformaba un conjunto territorial y señorial indivisible bajo la regencia de un único señor. En este marco amplio, la explotación del metal noble tuvo lugar especialmente en el área de influencia de la ciudad que ejercía la capitalidad administrativa del dominio: Falset (el Priorat, Cataluña). De hecho, hubo un boom de la explotación de plata en una zona de larga tradición minera en la producción, sobretodo, de plomo. Precisamente, la explotación de la galena y el plomo se desarrollaba y había sido importante desde antaño en el territorio que abarca el área del Molar–Bellmunt–Falset. El responsable de que se focalizaran los esfuerzos en la explotación de la plata en esta zona a mediados del XIV fue, sin duda, el segundo conde de Prades: el infante Pedro de Aragón, hijo del monarca Jaime II de Aragón y Blanca de Anjou. Éste, en realidad, fue conde de las Montañas de Prades desde 1342 hasta 1358. Por lo tanto, en la presente tesis doctoral, se trabajan diversos aspectos relacionados con la actividad minera y metalúrgica de la plata que se desarrolló en Falset mientras fue conde de Prades el infante Pedro. De hecho, el tema se aborda de forma exhaustiva y desde una perspectiva amplia. Aún así, para centrar el trabajo, se analizan tres ámbitos temáticos básicos: la regulación normativa de la explotación de la plata, la gestión y organización estructural de la actividad y, finalmente, la producción de las minas. De este modo, esencialmente a partir de la transcripción y el análisis detallado de la documentación conservada en el Archivo Ducal de Medinaceli en Cataluña, se articulan los diferentes apartados. Los cuales van desgranando cada uno de los temas tratados.
In the mid 14th century, silver mining exploitation was boosted and strengthened in the County of Prades Mountains and Barony of Entença. This dominion, which was created in 1324, was a territorially and lordly indivisible ensemble under the rule of only one lord. In this broad frame, the noble metal exploitation was specially developed in the zone of influence of Falset (Priorat, Catalonia). This city was the administrative capital of the wide dominion. In fact, there was a boom in silver exploitation in an area where lead production, above all, had been developed for a long time. Precisely, galena and lead exploitation had been important in the area made up of Molar–Bellmunt–Falset territory, where this activity had been present since Prehistory. Without a doubt, the second count of Prades was the main responsible for focusing all the efforts in silver exploitation in this area in the mid 14th century. He is usually called Infante Peter of Aragon, because he was King James II of Aragon and Blanca of Anjou’s son. In fact, this infante was count of Prades Mountains from 1342 to 1358. Therefore, the present doctoral thesis deals with several aspects related to silver mining and metallurgy which were developed in Falset while Infante Peter was count of Prades. Actually, this subject is covered in a thorough way and from a broad perspective. Nevertheless, three main issues are analysed in order to focus attention on this subject: silver exploitation ordinances, administration and structural organization of the activity and, finally, mines production. In this way, the different book sections are primarily organised using the information obtained by transcribing and studying documents from Medinaceli’s Ducal Archive in Catalonia.

Le Syndrome de Prader Willi (SPW) est une pathologie neurodéveloppementale d’origine génétique présentant un tableau clinique complexe et évoluant avec l’âge.Elle est caractérisée par des déficits sensori-moteurs présents dès la naissance se manifestant par une hypotonie, une absence du réflexe de succion et des troubles respiratoires incluant des apnées obstructives et centrales constituant la première cause de mortalité. Les patients présentent un certain degré d’altération cognitive et un déficit de comportement associé aux troubles du spectre autistique (TSA). Des déficits sensoriels, se manifestent dès la naissance et sont caractérisés par un seuil élevé à la douleur, une altération de la thermosensibilité et de la thermorégulation se manifestant par des épisodes d’hyper- ou d’hypothermie pouvant être fatals chez le nourrisson. Ces déficits sont une caractéristique fondamentale du diagnostic des TSA et sont retrouvées chez 90% des patients autistes. Mon travail de thèse a consisté à étudier la physiopathologie de la fonction respiratoire et la thermosensibilité néonatales et leur altération dans la pathologie neurodéveloppementale. Ces études ont été rendues possibles grâce à l’utilisation de deux modèles murins:les Ndn-/- et Ml2+/-p.Ndn est impliqué dans le SPW et l’étude des souris Ndn-/-,a permis de décrypter l’origine des déficits sérotoninergiques responsables des troubles respiratoires.Ml2,est impliqué dans le SPW et le syndrome de Schaaf Yang (SSY) et l’investigation des souris Ml2+/-p a mis en évidence l’existence d’un déficit de thermosensibilité néonatale et démontré l’implication du système ocytocinergique dans la modulation de cette fonction sensorielle
Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopemental genetic disease with a symptomatology which evolves with age. This pathology is mainly characterized by sensory motor defects at birth such as severe infantile hypotonia with poor suck and failure to thrive and respiratory disturbances including both obstructive and central sleep apnea which represent the most common cause of death. PWS patients also have some cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances, overlapping with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sensory deficits, are already present at birth and are characterized by high pain threshold and a defect in thermosensibility and thermoregulation manifested by episode of hypo- or hyperthermia which can be fatal in newborns. Moreover, these deficits are a core aspect of ASD affecting 90 % of children. My thesis work consisted in studying the pathophysiology of respiratory function during the early postnatal stages as well as neonatal thermosensitivity and its alteration in neurodevelopmental pathology. These studies were made possible by the use of two mouse models: Ndn-/- and Magel2+/-p mice. Ndn is involved in PWS and summarizing the respiratory disorders found in patients. Ml2 is involved in both SPW and Schaaf Yang syndrome (SYS), a recently discovered pathology overlapping with ASD. Ndn-/-mice allowed me to decipher the underlying mechanism behind the serotonin deficits responsible for respiratory disorders, thus allowing me to develop an effective therapeutic strategy. The investigation of Ml2+/-p mice revealed neonatal cool sensitivity deficit and demonstrated the involvement of the oxytocinergic system in the modulation of this sensory function

Les Apophtegmes des Pères sont parvenus sous la forme de deux collections classiques de la fin du Ve s. qui regroupent les dits des grands ascètes surtout égyptiens des IVe-Ve s., ainsi que des anecdotes illustrant leur enseignement. C’est cette littérature fragmentaire, si influente, qui est étudiée ici pour déterminer ce qu’a été la prière de ces grands moines. Après une présentation des collections, une première partie est consacrée à la terminologie, puis à la typologie et aux modalités de la prière étudiées avec l’aide d’autres textes monastiques de même époque. La deuxième partie, sur le contexte historique, souligne l’importance pour l’évolution de la prière monastique qu’ont eue la polémique avec les messaliens, et celle avec les origénistes. Un dernier chapitre est consacré à un cas particulier important, celui d’Antoine le Grand, qui nous est connu par les Apophtegmes, mais aussi par ses lettres et la Vie que lui consacre Athanase
The Apophtegmata Patrum reached us in the form of two classical collections of the late fifth century which regroup the sayings of the great ascetics of the fourth and the fifth century, especially Egyptian ones, as well as anecdotes illustrating their teaching. This influential, fragmentary literature is studied here in order to determine what the prayer of those great monks was. After the presentation of collections, Part I is devoted to terminology, then to typology and modalities of prayer which were studied with the help of other monastic texts of the same epoch. Part II examines the historical background and highlights the importance of the controversy with Messalians, and that with Origenists, for the evolution of the monastic prayer. The last chapter is dedicated to an important particular case, that of Anthony the Great, who is known to us by the Apophtegmata, as well as by his letters and his Life written by Athanasius

Le shi’isme est avant tout la religion de la figure sainte du Guide divin, de l’Imam. L’imamisme duodécimain (à douze imams), branche principale et de loin majoritaire du shi’isme (actuellement plus de 200 millions de fidèles) et religion d’Etat en Iran depuis le X/XVIe siècle, porte ce nom car sa lignée d’Imams se termine avec le douzième. D’après la tradition, celui-ci s’est occulté dans la première moitié du IV/Xe siècle, devenant ainsi « l’Imam caché », pour revenir à la Fin des temps en tant que Sauveur eschatologique. Or, sur le plan juridique, l’absence de l’Imam rend problématiques un certain nombre de pratiques religieuses. En l’occurrence, c’est le cas de ce qu’on appelle en droit imamite « les Quatre Préceptes » (al-aḥkām al-arba‘a). Il s’agit de : 1) la guerre sainte, le jihād, plus particulièrement le jihād offensif. 2) La collecte et la distribution de certaines taxes religieuses, plus précisément le Cinquième (al-khums), l’aumône (al-zakāt) et dans certains cas l’impôt foncier (al-kharāj). 3) Les peines légales (ḥadd, pluriel ḥudūd), c’est-à-dire les peines prévues par le Coran pour punir certaines fautes comme couper la main du voleur ou fouetter l’adultère. 4) Enfin, les prières collectives et plus singulièrement la prière collective du vendredi (ṣalāt al-jumu‘a). C’est que selon le droit imamite ancien, consigné dans le corpus des enseignements attribués aux Imams historiques et compilé dans les plus anciens ouvrages de Hadith tout le long des III-IV/IX-Xe siècles, ces prescriptions, pour être pratiquées et mises en application de manière adéquate, doivent être directement dirigées par la personne de l’Imam infaillible ou le représentant de l’Imam, explicitement et nommément désigné par ce dernier. Dans la période de l’Occultation qui, selon l’imamisme duodécimain, dure encore et durera jusqu’à la Fin des temps, l’Imam étant lui-même physiquement absent et n’étant pas capable de désigner nommément un représentant, l’application de ces Quatre Préceptes devient problématique. La thèse est l’étude de l’évolution des théories juridiques autour de ces Quatre Préceptes, les débats voire les conflits entre différents courants à leur sujet ainsi que la présentation des sources les concernant depuis l’avènement de l’Occultation au IV/Xe siècle jusqu’à nos jours. Une attention particulière y est accordée à l’époque safavide (X/XVIe au XII/XVIIIe siècle), époque de la déclaration de l’imamisme comme religion d’Etat dans l’empire iranien et celle de la naissance de ce qui est conventionnellement appelé « le clergé shi’ite ». A travers l’examen historique des différentes théories sur la légalité ou l’illégalité de la pratique des Quatre Préceptes pendant l’Occultation, on peut se rendre compte d’un phénomène historique majeur : le remplacement progressif de la figure de l’Imam et de son autorité spirituelle par celle du Docteur de la Loi, juriste-théologien mujtahid, et son autorité théologico-politique. Ce phénomène, commencé il y a plus d’un millénaire dans la Bagdad des Bouyides avec la rationalisation du shi’isme, atteint son apogée dans l’Iran révolutionnaire du XXe siècle et l’arrivée au pouvoir, pour la première fois, du clergé « rationaliste » à la tête d’un grand Etat
Shi’ism is above all the religion of the holy figure of the Divine Guide, the Imam. Twelver Imamism (with twelve Imams), by far the main branch of Shi’ism (currently more than 200 million faithfuls) and the state religion in Iran since the 10th/16th century, bears this name because its lineage of Imams ends with the twelfth one. According to the Tradition, the latter became hidden in the first half of the 4/10th century, becoming “the hidden Imam” who will return at the End of Time as the eschatological Saviour. However, from a legal point of view, the absence of the Imam makes a number of religious practices problematic. This is especially the case of what is known in Imami law as the “Four Prescriptions” (al-aḥkām al-arba‘a). These are : 1) the holy war, the jihād, more specifically the offensive jihād. 2) the collection and distribution of some religious taxes, more specifically the Fifth (al-khums), almsgiving (al-zakāt) and in some cases property tax (al-kharāj). (3) Legal penalties (ḥadd, plural ḥudūd), i.e. the penalties laid down in the Qur’an for certain faults such as cutting off the thief’s hand or whipping the adulterer. 4) Finally, the collective prayers and especially the collective Friday prayer (ṣalāt al-jumu‘a). According to ancient Imamite law, recorded in the corpus of teachings attributed to historical Imams and compiled in the oldest works of Hadith throughout the 3-4/9-10th centuries, these prescriptions, in order to be adequately practiced, must be personnaly directed by the infallible Imam or the Imam’s representative, explicitly designated by the latter. In the period of Occultation which, according to Twelver Imamism, still lasts and will last until the End Times, the Imam himself being physically absent and not being able to name a representative, the application of these Four Prescriptions becomes problematic. The present thesis consists of the study of the evolution of legal theories around these Four Prescriptions, the debates and even conflicts between different currents about them, and the presentation of the sources concerning them from the advent of the Occultation in the 4th/10th century to the present day. Particular attention is paid to the Safavid period (10th/16th to 12th/18th centuries), when Imamism was declared the state religion in the Iranian empire and what is conventionally called the “Shi’ite clergy” was born. Through the historical examination of the different theories on the legality or illegality of the practice of the Four Prescriptions during the Occultation, one can realize a major historical phenomenon: the progressive replacement of the figure of the Imam and his spiritual authority by that of the Doctor of the Law, the mujtahid lawyer-theologian, and his theological-political authority. This phenomenon, which began more than a millennium ago in the Boutid Baghdad with the “rationalisation” of Shi’ism, reached its apogee in the revolutionary Iran of the 20th century and the arrival in power, for the first time, of the “rationalist” clergy at the head of a great State

Cette thèse vise à comprendre la dynamique du travail effectué par des professionnels de la santé mentale dans un hôpital psychiatrique public de Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro (HPSP), et ses implications par rapport à la douleur et le plaisir. Les objectifs spécifiques sont: d'analyser l'organisation du travail, la détermination des relations de douleur et de plaisir, et connaître les stratégies de défense collective et de la santé, produites par ces travailleurs. La contribution théorique et méthodologique sont la psychodynamique du travail, de Christophe Dejours, appliquée strictu sensu, dans ses stades de développement. Nous avons utilisé les auteurs cités par leur liaison avec les thèmes: le travail: Marx, Dejours, Nardi, Lancman et Pitta, la folie et la santé mentale: Amarante, Magnolia Mendes, hôpital psychiatrique: Foucault et Dias, le service public: Rollo, Antunes, Castel, entre autres. Le sondage a une approche qualitative, qui est conforme au désir de comprendre les implications des travaux d'une institution marquée par la folie et la sphère publique par rapport à la subjectivité de leurs employés. Les données ont été recueillies au moyen de pré-recherche et des réunions avec le groupe des travailleurs, formé par des professionnels travaillant dans des unités d'hospitalisation pour malades aigus, dont le profil évolue pour les usagers de drogues, plus précisément le Crack. Il a été estimé que ces travailleurs sont dans un espace «entre», c'est à dire dans un espace de transition, qui aura des implications dans le processus de travail et de santé. Il a été constaté qu'ils utilisent des stratégies collectives de défense, comme l'éloignement, le durcissement et les plaintes et les stratégies collectives de la santé, exprimées à travers le commerce et l'aide, “l'oxygénation” et de changements possibles. Ces stratégies, cependant, sont en fait très conservatrices, n'ont pas changé la façon dont le travail est organisé. D'autre part, ces strategies aident à minimiser la douleur et d'obtenir un certain plaisir. L'étude constate l'existence de «chaînes», qui aggravent la souffrance au travail: le poids de la folie, l´ingérence politique, l´appauvrissement des ressources, les conditions et l´organisation du travail, où la précarité des liens relationnels avec les collègues est identifiée comme la plus grande charge. Un autre aspect souligné dans la recherche est le fait que les politiques publiques pour l'employé n'atteint pas les besoins internes, agissent pour surveiller les institutions. Les résultats ont montré l'importance de la construction d'un espace de discussion légitime dans l'hôpital São Pedro, qui permet de provoquer la force collective du groupe. Ainsi, il est possible de promouvoir la reconnaissance et la construction d'un sens pour le travail, fournissant plus de plaisir pour les travailleurs et pour donner la santé à ceux qui travaillent avec la santé.
Esta dissertação busca compreender a dinâmica do trabalho realizado por profissionais de saúde mental, de um hospital psiquiátrico público do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro,(HPSP), e suas implicações em relação ao sofrimento e ao prazer. Os objetivos específicos são: analisar a organização do trabalho, identificar a relação de sofrimento e prazer; e, conhecer as estratégias coletivas de defesa e de saúde, produzidas por estes trabalhadores. O aporte teórico metodológico utilizado foi a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, de Christophe Dejours, aplicado de forma strictu sensu, em suas etapas de desenvolvimento. Para dialogar com esse referencial, recorreu-se a autores vinculados à temática do trabalho: como Marx, Dejours,Nardi, Lancman, e Pitta; loucura e saúde mental, Amarante, Magnólia Mendes; hospital psiquiátrico, como Foucaut e Dias; serviço público, Rollo, Antunes, Castel, dentre outros. A pesquisa possui abordagem qualitativa, o que é coerente com à intenção de entender as implicações do processo de trabalho em uma instituição, marcada pela loucura e pela esfera pública, em relação à subjetividade dos seus trabalhadores. Os dados foram obtidos através da pré-pesquisa e dos encontros realizados com o grupo de trabalhadores, formado por profissionais que atuam em unidades de internação de pacientes agudos, cujo perfil está se modificando para usuários de drogas, mais especificamente, de crack. Percebe-se que esses trabalhadores se encontram em um espaço do “entre”, ou seja, em um espaço de transição, que vai trazer implicações no processo de trabalho e de saúde. Constatou-se que eles utilizam estratégias coletivas de defesa, tais como: afastamento, endurecimento e reclamação; e estratégias coletivas de saúde, manifestadas através de trocas e ajuda, oxigenação e mudanças possíveis. Essas estratégias, no entanto, operam de forma conservadora, pois não alteram o modo pelo qual o trabalho está organizado. Permitem, por outro lado, minimizar o sofrimento e obter algum prazer. O estudo constata a existência de “grilhões” que exacerbam o sofrimento no trabalho: o peso da loucura, os atravessamentos políticos, o sucateamento dos recursos, as condições e a forma de organização do trabalho, em que a precariedade dos vínculos relacionais com os colegas é apontado como a maior carga. Outro aspecto ressaltado na pesquisa é o fato de que as políticas públicas existentes, voltadas ao trabalhador, não dão conta, na prática, da demanda interna, pois são ações que atuam, em sua maioria, no sentido de fiscalizar as instituições. Fica evidenciada a importância de se construir, no Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro, um espaço de discussão legítimo, que possibilite instigar a força coletiva do grupo. Assim, acredita-se ser possível fomentar o reconhecimento e a construção de um significado para o trabalho que proporcione mais prazer aos trabalhadores e que viabilize saúde a quem trata da saúde.
This essay searches for the understanding of the dynamics of the work made by mental health professionals of one psychiatric public hospital in the state of Rio Grande do Sul named Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro (HPSP) and its implications related to suffering and pleasure. The specific objectives are: to analyze the organization of the work; to identify the relation between suffering and pleasure and to know common strategies of defense and health produced by these workers. The theoretical-methodological subsidy used was Christopher Dejours’ Psychodynamics at Work applied in a strictu sensu pattern during its development stage. To work with such reference we looked for authors linked to the theme work such as Marx, Dejours, Nardi, Lancman and Pitta; madness and mental health, Amarante, Magnólia Mendes; psychiatric hospital, such as Foucault and Dias: public service, Rollo, Antunes, Castel, among others. The research is qualitative-based which is coherent to the intention of understanding the implications of the working process inside an institution surrounded by insanity and by the public domain in relation to the subjectivity of its employees. Data were obtained through a beforehand research and from the meetings held with the group of workers composed by the professionals who act in units of the asylum with seriously insane patients whose profile has changed to drug addicts, more specifically, crack. We came to the conclusion that these workers are found in a space “in between”, that is, in a transition space which will bring implications in the labor and health process. We also noticed that they use common health defense strategies manifested through the exchanges and help, oxygenation and possible changes. But these strategies work in a conservative model because they don’t alter the way the work is organized in itself. They allow, on the other hand, to minimize the suffering and to get some kind of pleasure. The study suggests the existence of mental links or mental chains which increase the suffering at work: the burden of madness, the political obstructions, the resources defraying, the conditions and the organization of the work where the poor relationship entailment among the workmates is appointed as the biggest burden. Another point to be considered in the research is the fact that the existing public politics made for the workers are not sufficient in practice to fulfill the internal demand due to the fact that they are actions that happen, in its majority, to control the institution. It is made clear the importance of making at Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro a real discussion scene that will promote the investigation of the common strength of such group. Therefore, we believe that it is possible to foment the acknowledgement and the making of a meaning to work that will bring pleasure for the employees and promote health to the ones that treat it.

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The purpose of this research is to establish the initial deadline for the redirection of tax lien against shareholders, managers or responsible for the abnormal termination of corporate society administrators. The study is done from the perspective of the realities are constructed within a system by linguistic operation that gives it unity. In the case of law, is the legal rule establishing relations and legal facts, which calls for implementing the act, by which one recognizes the fulfillment of the criteria elected by a general and abstract legal norm. After noting that the tax cannot derive from tort and that the abnormal termination is configured as a violation of the law, is defined the legal basis for liability, defining the criteria established in the rule of law in order to undertake an analysis of the legal fact that gives you cause and the new legal relationship formed. Investigates the impact of the legal rule under a logical perspective, emphasizing the necessity of the act of applying the rule for the construction of legal facts and creation of legal relations. The expects is, in the end, fix the time available to the tax authorities for the establishment of the fact infraction and constitution of the legal relationship derived therefrom, as well as fixing the initial period has expired
A proposta da presente pesquisa é estabelecer o termo inicial do prazo para o redirecionamento da execução fiscal contra os sócios, gerentes ou administradores responsáveis pelo encerramento irregular da sociedade empresarial. O estudo é feito a partir da perspectiva de que as realidades são construídas dentro de um sistema pela operação linguística que lhe confere unidade. No caso do direito, é a norma jurídica que cria as relações e os fatos jurídicos, o que reclama o ato de aplicação, por meio do qual se reconhece o preenchimento dos critérios eleitos por uma norma jurídica geral e abstrata. A partir da constatação de que o tributo não pode derivar de ato ilícito e de que o encerramento irregular se configura como uma infração à lei, é definido o fundamento legal para a responsabilidade, com a delimitação dos critérios estabelecidos na norma jurídica, a fim de proceder a uma análise do fato jurídico que lhe dá causa e da nova relação jurídica formada. Investiga-se a incidência da norma jurídica sob um prisma lógico, ressaltando a necessidade do ato de aplicação da norma para a construção dos fatos jurídicos e criação das relações jurídicas. Pretende-se, ao final, definir o prazo de que dispõe o Fisco para a constituição do fato infracional e criação da relação jurídica dele derivada, bem como fixar o termo inicial do referido prazo

In this thesis I argue that Jordan of Saxony (d. 1237), Master of the Order of Preachers, fostered a culture of openness toward the participation of women in the religious life of the Dominican order. This is demonstrated, in part, through the study of the nature of Jordan's support for Diana d'Andalò (d. 1236) and her convent of Sant'Agnese and his presentation of female pastoral care in the Libellus, his history of the order. The argument is also developed by means of a chronologically-informed reading of Jordan's letters, which explores his use of familial language, his employment of the topoi of spiritual friendship, and the significance he attributes to the role of religious women's prayer in the order's evangelical mission. Jordan's friendship with Diana d'Andalò and her convent of Sant'Agnese is well-known, if not necessarily well-explored. It is usually treated as a case apart from the order's increasing hostility to the pastoral care of religious and devout women, which gained momentum over the course of Jordan's tenure. This thesis seeks to break down this compartmentalized view by articulating not only the close parallels between Jordan's perception of friars and nuns within the order, but also the way in which he extended bonds of mutual religious commitment to religious women outside the order. As such, this study also intends to contribute to a growing historiography that explores the various ways in which medieval men and women participated together in religious life.

Les recueils collectifs de poesies du premier xviie siecle, + magazines litteraires ; avant la lettre, faisaient les reputations poetiques. Les poesies choisies ont eu un vif succes : cinq parties, avec impressions et contrefacons de 1653 a 1662. Une edition critique de la premiere partie, constamment reeditee pendant la parution des quatre autres, semble justifiee dans une periode de renouvellement critique concernant le grand siecle. L'analyse des raisons du succes a porte attention aux aspects caracteristiques du gout litteraire en considerant tout d'abord les formes privilegiees, majoritairement courtes, revelatrices des cadres de creation. Poesies + de salon ;, les pieces sont ecrites rapidement pour etre immediatement portees oralement au public-dedicataire. Leur celerite-oralite est inscrite dans le soin de la valeur lyrique, souci traditionnellement poetique et contrainte specifique de l'espace social. L'influence malherbienne y est assez nette. L'appareil rhetorique montre un gout dominant de la + reserve ;, eloigne de l'inflation baroque : la metaphore y est lexicalisee, discretion paradoxale. L'argumentaire galant s'y revele une surprenante litote : on abuse des morts metaphoriques, retirant ainsi toute vraisemblance - toute efficacite rhetorique - aux plaintes amoureuses. Le poete-orateur ne l'ignore pas : le dit explicite du discours n'est que caution de bienseance. Il manie une rhetorique double - parallele et dissimulee - avec deux destinataires - amante et public auditeur - et deux natures differentes de demande - sentiment exprime mais desir fondateur. Face au cliche du poete leger dont l'elegance oblitere la souffrance, les pieces donnent au poete- amant le visage de tartuffe. Galants, les poetes n'en sont pas moins hommes d'un temps religieux, periodique, liturgique et prescriptif, et d'un temps humain, borne par la mort et la maladie. Par dela la valeur + ethnologique ;, il ne s'agit pas seulement d'un rassemblement d'elements thematiques, mais egalement d'une forme. C'est la maniere, et non uniquement la matiere, qui est galante. Cela explique le succes du recueil, miroir social et poetique du temps dans les textes et les auteurs. La seconde partie du travail est l'edition proprement dite ou l'on a eclaire les pieces par des precisions lexicales, syntaxiques, biographiques et historiques.

The topic of the thesis is the proposal of a pilgrimage site in the area of the source of the spring Svatá Voda near Malenovice - Zlín. The building is located on the nearest top site near the existing spring and it dominates its surroundings. The design is based on a circle symbolizing eternity, harmony - Christianity surrounding the Paradise yard. This ring is intersected by four shards that represent disruption of harmony - humanity. These two types of masses are contrasting, distinguished by both shape and material. There is a church in the largest shard, in the smaller shards there are other smaller chapel or individual prayer rooms. In the ring, which is broken into fragments, there are located rooms like a reception, area of the church with, restaurant and technical facilities, non-profit offices that manage the area, together with a therapist's office. There are rooms with accommodation, classrooms and workshops for retreats as well.

Poderoso meio de construção pessoal, de viagens desmedidamente fantasiosas e cintilantes, sem se sair do lugar, a leitura constitui um engenhoso processo humano de descodificação, mas, mais ainda, um portentoso potencial de Aprendizagem e Inclusão, permanecendo, simultaneamente, como um instrumento perfeito para se prosperar científica, espiritual, social e individualmente. Ler exalta o que de melhor e mais vantajoso a personalidade e sensibilidade de um ser humano, único e irrepetível, pode reservar ao seu próximo. Capaz de contrariar o percurso rumo a uma realidade obscurantista e excludente, aliada ao livro e ao conhecimento humano, a leitura e, sobretudo a de teor recreativo, assume-se como um excecional mensageiro de erudição, prazer, evasão e libertação, qualquer que seja o espaço, o suporte – tradicional, digital ou híbrido –, em que disponibiliza a sua mensagem aos seus leitores. Powerful means of personal construction, of wildly, fantastic, glittering voyages, without leaving one’s place, Reading is an inspired human decoding process but it´s even a much more compelling means of Learning and Inclusion, remaining, at the same time, as a perfect tool in order to grow scientifically, spiritually, socially and individually. Reading pays tribute to the best and the most beneficial aspects of both the personality and the sensitivity that a unique, singular human being can offer to another person. Capable of counter the way towards an obscure and excluding reality, Reading, especially if it is simply for pleasure, and combined with good books and human knowledge, can easily shoulder the responsibility of representing an exceptional messenger of erudition, enjoyment, evading and freedom, whatever the place, the means of the message transmission – traditional, digital or hybrid - , in which that same message is presented to its readers.

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico
Pereira (2006) afirma que “[u]m dos desafios que a sociedade espera da escola, como promotores de competências indispensáveis a uma qualidade de vida pessoal e social, é a criação de hábitos de leitura nos mais jovens.” (p. v). Desta forma, é imprescindível que as crianças percebam a importância da leitura para as suas vidas, não só pelas competências sociais, culturais, emotivas, educativas e curriculares que outorga, mas também pelo gosto e prazer que confere. Este projeto de investigação-ação pretende analisar as conceções relativas à leitura de alunos do 2.º ano de escolaridade. Através da observação foi possível identificar nesta turma um desinteresse por obras de literatura infantil. Assim, pretendia-se analisar como a “magia de um conto” poderia influenciar o gosto pelo ato de ler nestas crianças. Através de um questionário foi possível analisar o ambiente familiar destes alunos, no que confere à realidade literária com que as crianças se deparam todos os dias, assim como sobre o perfil literário dos pais dos mesmos. O questionário foi sujeito a uma análise estatística simples. Com a análise dos dados pôde-se concluir que os alunos, assim como os pais, não atribuem a devida importância à leitura, levando a um projeto que tome como objetivo a promoção da leitura. Neste trabalho são descritas as fases que complementaram o projeto em causa, nomeadamente, a exploração de momentos de pré-leitura, leitura e pós-leitura de obras de literatura infantil. De seguida, estas fases são analisadas tendo em conta os objetivos predeterminados, assim como à luz de toda uma base concetual. Por fim, são consideradas algumas conclusões acerca dos resultados obtidos. Posteriormente são analisadas as aprendizagens que os participantes desta investigação alcançaram, mais propriamente o professor e os alunos. Por fim, são enunciadas as limitações que se sucederam ao longo deste projeto. De modo a dar continuidade ao mesmo são ainda apresentadas algumas propostas de atividades para prosseguimento do mesmo.
Pereira (2006) says "one of the challenges that society expects from school, as promoters of essential skills to life and social quality, is creating readings habits in the younger." (p. v.). In this way, it is essential that children realize the importance of reading for their lives, not only by social, cultural, emotional, educational and curriculum which gives, but also by the taste and pleasure. This action-research project intends to analyze the reading concessions of 2nd year primary-school students. Through observation was possible to identify this class a detachment for works of children's literature. So, it was intended to analyze how the magic of stories could influence the taste by the act of reading in these children. Through a questionnaire it was possible to analyze the family environment of these students, in which literary reality with which children face every day, as well as on literary profile of parents. The questionnaire was subject to a simple statistical analysis. With the data analysis might conclude that students, as well as parents, do not give due importance to reading, leading to a project that aims to take the promotion of reading. In this paper are described the phases that complemented the project concerned, inter alia, the exploitation of moments of pre-reading, reading and post reading of works of children's literature. Then, these phases are analyzed taking into account the goals, as well as in the light of an entire conceptual base. Finally, some conclusions are considered on the results obtained. Later on are analyzed the learnings that participants reached in this research, more properly the teacher and the students. Finally, are listed the limitations that followed throughout this project. In order to give continuity to the project are exposed some proposals for future activities.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos de Língua Portuguesa : Investigação e Ensino apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Cientes de que o hábito de ler, contribuindo decisivamente para a formação global do individuo, para uma melhor qualidade de vida, e condição essencial para o exercício da cidadania, constitui um forte indicador do nível de desenvolvimento de uma sociedade, sentimos vontade pessoal e necessidade profissional de aprofundar conhecimentos relativamente à promoção da leitura literária e aos benefícios que dela decorrem. Também à Escola – não o esqueçamos – compete trabalhar no sentido de desenvolver as competências leitoras, motivar para a leitura literária e formar leitores competentes. Levar os alunos a desfrutar do texto literário enquanto objeto estético plurissignificativo, catalisador de sensibilidade, criatividade, imaginação e bom gosto deve, assim, constituir uma das prioridades da Escola. A competência leitora – como muito bem sabemos – está intrinsecamente ligada ao conhecimento escolar e ao sucesso educativo, contribuindo para uma maior igualdade de oportunidades das nossas crianças e jovens. Há, no entanto, para além destas premissas, outra merecedora de consideração: a leitura literária enquanto atividade enriquecedora e gratificante, simultaneamente fonte de conhecimento, prazer e evasão. Assim, este estudo, desenvolvido junto de alunos da Escola Secundária Professor Doutor Flávio Pinto Resende, única escola secundária do concelho de Cinfães, visa dois objetivos essenciais: conhecer, por um lado, os hábitos de leitura literária da população discente matriculada no Ensino Secundário Regular e, por outro, delinear, em função do perfil traçado, um conjunto de atividades de promoção da leitura literária para, numa fase posterior, desenvolver junto dessa mesma população. Saliente-se o facto de o corpus textual proposto incidir essencialmente sobre a literatura portuguesa, pois acreditamos que temos excelentes autores, cuja obra urge dar a conhecer aos nossos jovens. Para tal, propomos que algumas das atividades a desenvolver se baseiem em conceitos-chave da literatura comparada que, como é sabido, oferece um campo de trabalho tão vasto quanto aliciante.
Having in mind that the habit of reading, contributing significantly to the overall formation and improved quality of life of the individual, is a strong indicator of the level of development of a society, we feel a personal wish and professional need to deepen our knowledge about the promotion of literary reading and the benefits that come from it, because school – let’s not forget – also has the obligation to improve reading skills, to encourage literary reading and educate readers. The reading competence - as we well know - is inextricably linked to school knowledge and academic success, contributing to improve the equality of opportunities for our children and youth. There is, however, besides this evidence, another which is worth considering: reading as a recreational, enriching activity and as a source of evasion and pleasure. Thus, this study, developed with the students from Escola Secundária Professor Flávio Pinto Resende, the only secondary school in the municipality of Cinfães, pursues two key goals: to know, on the one hand, the habits of literary reading of the student population enrolled in the secondary school and, on the other hand, to outline a set of activities to promote literary reading in order to, in a later stage, propose and develop with this same population.

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico
É consensual a ideia de que ninguém nasce leitor e que o gosto pela leitura se vai construindo ao longo da vida. Por isso torna-se fundamental o contacto com a literatura infantil na primeira infância, este contacto precoce permite aos pequenos leitores não apenas conhecer o mundo, mas fascinar-se com as histórias e com as personagens criando um vínculo com o imaginário, pois é através de textos lidos na infância que criamos que criamos noções basilares para o entendimento do mundo. Por isso quanto mais precoce, rico e diversificado for o contato da criança com a leitura do texto literário, maior serão as hipóteses de formarmos leitores para o resto da vida. Desta forma, a leitura do texto literário no ensino reveste-se de enorme importância, É proporcionadora de prazer estético, permite à criança o desenvolvimento da imaginação e da capacidade de (re)elaboração da linguagem, a aquisição de saberes culturais, a possibilidade de chegar a sentidos cada vez mais complexos, o confronto de diferentes visões do mundo e o conhecimento de si e dos outros. No nosso país é ainda à escola que cabe a responsabilidade na aquisição de competências leitoras, neste sentido espera-se que o professor ensine a ler despertando o prazer pela leitura, recorrendo a estratégias múltiplas, que permitam ao aluno cruzar linguagens, sentidos e intenções, através de percursos motivadores e significativos. Este projeto de investigação-ação pretendeu analisar as conceções relativas à leitura de alunos do 1.º ano de escolaridade. Para tal tornou-se pertinente a realização de um questionário para analisar o ambiente familiar destes alunos, no que confere à realidade literária com que as crianças se deparam todos os dias, assim como sobre o perfil literário dos pais dos mesmos. O questionário foi sujeito a uma análise estatística simples. Através da observação e da análise dos questionários foi possível identificar nesta turma uma desvalorização da leitura. Assim, pretendia-se analisar como “a promoção da leitura literária na infância” poderia tornar o ato de ler num prazer para estas crianças. Para isso, implementámos o projeto “Quando ler se torna um prazer: Contributo da promoção da leitura literária na infância” que consistiu na realização de atividades diversificadas e sistemáticas em torno dos livros e da leitura. A metodologia utilizada permitiu-nos verificar várias mudanças: nas atitudes e nos hábitos face à leitura. Foi também observado um maior envolvimento de todos os intervenientes no processo educativo, em especial da família, que reconheceram a importância deste projeto e admitiram as mudanças que este gerou, desejando dar-lhe continuidade.
It is usually consensus the idea that no one is born a reader and that the love of reading continues to be built lifelong. Therefore it is essential for children an early contact with children's literature. This early contact allows young readers not only to discover the world, but also to be rapt with the stories and characters linking them to the imaginary because it’s through texts read in childhood that we create basic concepts that allows us to understand the world. So the earlier, the richer and diversified the contact is, the greater will be the chances of creating readers for life. Thus, the reading of literary texts in school context is very important. It brings us aesthetic pleasure, allows the child to develop the imagination and the ability of (re) developing the language, acquiring cultural knowledge, the possibility of achieving meanings increasingly complexes, the confrontation of different world´s points of view and the awareness of himself and the others. In our country it is still a school responsibility to help to develop children’s reading skills, this way, it is expected that the teacher teaches to read, awakening the joy of reading, using multiple strategies to enable the student to cross languages, meanings and intentions through motivating and significant pathways. This research project aimed to analyze the 1st grade students’ reading conceptions. This way, conducting a questionnaire became imperative and it was analyzed not only the family environment of these students, concerning their literary reality of every day, but also the literary profile of their parents. A simple statistical analysis was applied into this questionnaire. Through observation and data analyses it was identified a lack of interest in reading in this class. Thus, the focus was to analyze how "the promotion of literary reading in childhood" could influence the interest in the act of reading in these children. Following, we decided to start the project "When reading becomes a pleasure: The contribution of literary reading promotion in childhood." which consisted in diversified and systematic activities around books and reading. The methodology allowed us to observe several changes: the attitudes and habits towards the reading. It was also observed an increase of the engagement of all the interveners in the educational process, especially the family, who recognized the importance of this project and realized the changes it has granted, willing it to be continued.

This thesis presents the results of a historical investigation of the arrival and presence of Vietnamese immigrants in Prague between 1974 and 1993. Methodologically, the research is based on interviews with witnesses of the program of socialist internationalism and on the study of the Czechoslovak government administrative documents from the period between 1974, ie. the year the signing of the Agreement between the Government Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam about employing Vietnamese citizens in Czechoslovak organizations1 , with a milestone in 1989 as the collapse of the communist regime, and the year 1993, as the separation of Slovakia and the establishment of an independent Czechoslovak Republic This work is not only based on the assumption that this program influenced the integration of the first generation in Czechoslovak society, but it also shows an indirect influence on the second generation coming after the Velvet Revolution, due to the program's effect on the emergence of Vietnamese social networks. The research aims to uncover the factors that influence the adaptation of the first and second generations in the majority environment and to indicate the effect that the normative framework of the program had on the formation of ethnic social networks. It...

The thesisdeals with theuse ofurban andsuburbanparksand cycle routes by neighbouringkindergartens. The theoretical part ofthe thesissummarizesthe basic terminology, explains the concept offorest,park, forest park, bicycle path.Furthermore,it is trying todefinetermsrelatedto the topic(movement, motor skills, and sports). Separatechaptersare alsodevoted toforestpedagogy, its history andthe emergingtrendof forestnurseries. The practicalpart of thethesisintroducesmethodsof research.Theseare thequestionnaire survey, interview and observation.Research ispart ofthe weeklyproject for childrenfrom kindergartens, created specifically forthis topic. Subsequently, thethesisseeksto answer the stated hypotheses. It examines therange ofthe activities of childrenduring their stayoutside,motivationof childrento activities, the use of cyclingkindergartens. It examines whichoutdoorlocationchildrenin kindergartenprefer for their morningactivities. Thethesisconcludeswith an overview of significant Pragueparks. Keywords: park, forest, cycling, physical activity, nature, kindergarten

The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the structure and developmental dynamics of natural tree regeneration in the core area of the Boubín virgin forest NNR and also to evaluate the effect of selected factors such as light conditions, water-affection of the site and substrat type on its occurence. By using a system of circular inventory plots all individuals of d1.3 < 10 cm were in 2010, 2012 and 2013 registered and classified into corresponding height class or diameter class. To find out the light conditions of this plots the hemispherical photographies were taken. The main tree species are represented by so-called hercynian mixture (spruce-fir-beech), which is contemporary for the main part in the stage of optimum and the initial stage of disintegration. It emerged that beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is markedly dominated species in the regeneration layer and is related to water-unaffected sites. On the contrary representation of fir (Abies alba Mill.) is very low and its occurence was not to be found to be conditioned by any of considered factors; neverthless its growing-up has been prooved. Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) is very poorly able to compete in growing-up with beech, but this fact is not affected by any of analysed factors.

The aim of this thesis is to conduct a survey of the preservation of architectural cultural heritage at the end of the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s. This will be demonstrated using as an example the historical centre of Prague. The thesis is divided into two similar parts. The first one focuses on the system, workings and legislation of heritage preservation in the 1980s. Partially it describes broader social and political aspects of the 1980s as well. The second part addresses the same topics, but during the beginning of the 1990s. In each case, three heritage preservation examples have been selected and these provide a closer examination of the system of cultural heritage preservation described earlier. The research work conducted demonstrates that whilst during the 1970s and 1980s a preservation system of the centre of Prague was gradually established, the 1990s saw the system being slowly disrupted and weakened, whether intentionally or unintentionally. However, heritage preservation never achieved a fully satisfactory standard in either studied period. Keywords: heritage preservation - historic preservation - architecture - urbanism - Prague - 20th century

Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Ciências da Educação apresentado à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação
O envelhecimento da população é um dos principais problemas do século XXI. A baixa natalidade e a diminuição da mortalidade fazem com que o número de pessoas idosas aumente cada vez mais. Assim, num país tendencialmente envelhecido é necessário adotar medidas que promovam a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar das pessoas idosas, nesse sentido, é primordial mantê-las cognitivamente e fisicamente ativas. Este relatório resulta de um período de estágio curricular durante 9 meses, realizado na Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Mortágua, no âmbito do ciclo de estudos conducente ao grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação, pela Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação. O trabalho desenvolvido insere-se na área da gerontologia educativa e rege-se pelos princípios da educação de adultos. A instituição que nos acolheu contém várias valências, nomeadamente, a estrutura Residencial para Idosos, o Centro de dia, o Serviço de Apoio Domiciliário, a Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados, a Creche, o Lar Residencial, o Centro de Atividades Ocupacionais, o Centro de Atividades de Tempos Livres e o Centro Social da Freguesia de Sobral. O nosso estágio centrou-se em duas respostas sociais específicas, na Estrutura Residencial para Pessoas Idosas e no Centro de dia. O presente relatório apresenta diversos temas que fundamentaram as atividades realizadas durante o nosso estágio e também, que nos ajudaram a compreender melhor o nosso público-alvo e as suas especificidades. Deste modo, no primeiro capítulo refletimos sobre o envelhecimento, o envelhecimento ativo e saudável, o envelhecimento demográfico, a gerontologia educativa, os estereótipos em relação à pessoa idosa, a institucionalização de pessoas idosas, a alfabetização e a estimulação cognitiva. No segundo capítulo, apresentamos o enquadramento institucional, o projeto de estágio e as atividades desenvolvidas na instituição. De seguida, apresentamos a avaliação do estágio, que inclui a heteroavaliação e a autoavaliação. Por fim, refletimos sobre as considerações finais. A realização deste estágio curricular, foi muito importante, pois contribuiu para o nosso crescimento pessoal e profissional, consideramos que adquirimos diversas competências e conhecimentos na área sénior.
The ageing population is one of the main problems of the XXI century. The low birth rate and the decrease in mortality make the number of older people increasingly increasing. Thus, in a tendentially aged country it is necessary to adopt measures that promote the quality of life and welfare of elderly people, in this sense, it is paramount to keep them cognitively and physically active. This report results from a period of curricular internship for 9 months, developed in the Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Mortágua, in the scope of the cycle of studies leading to the Master’s degree im Educational Sciences, by the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Coimbra. The work is developed in the area of educative gerontology and is governed by the principles of adult education. The institution that welcomed us contains several valences, namely, the Residential Structure for Older People, the Day Center, the Home Support Service, the Integrated Continuous Care Unit, the Nursery, the Residential Lar, the Occupational Activities Center, the Leisure Activites Center and the Social Center of the parish of Sobral. Our internship focused on a specific response, in the Residential Structure for Older People and in the Center of the Day. This report presents several themes that supported the activities undertaken during our internship and also, which helped us to better understand our target audience and their specificities. In this way, in the first chapter we reflect on ageing, active and healthy ageing, demographic ageing, educative gerontology, stereotypes in relation to elderly person, institutionalization of elderly people, literacy and cognitive stimulation. In the second chapter, we presente the institutional framework, our internship project and the activities developed in the institution. Next, we present the evaluation of the internship, which includes the heteroevaluation and self-assessement. Finally we reflect on the final considerations. The realization of this curricular internship was very importante because it contributed to our personal and professional growth, we consider that we acquire several competencies and knowledge in the senior area.

This diploma thesis deals with the monitoring of selected headsprings in the administration of the Lesy města Brna in the northern district of Brno-venkov, describing their current state and proposals for their reconstruction. The basis of the work was to measure the basic parameters of water quality - water temperature, pH, saturation of oxygen and yield measurements of water sources, taking samples for laboratory analysis. Based of measured values there were compiled charts and graphs, and the water quality evaluation of individual headspring. The most important part of this work is to design the general reconstruction of one of the monitored headsprings and suggestions of installation of benches and information boards, there are alsodrawing annexes of the individual proposals and map annexes.

Annotation: The presented Diploma thesis deals with the ways in witch is today, more than twenty years after the "Velvet Revolution", communist period presented to foreing tourists in Prague and in the sector of mass tourism.. It is based on my field research that took place in the Museum of Communism, during the especially on communism oriented guided tours and but rather commplementary, in the Propaganda pub and also on the semi-structured formal and informal interviews with guides. The thesis focuses on the differences in the presentation of communism in different generations of guides, it monitors how their personal, or, conversely, indirect or mediated experience affects their references. My work is observes communism not only as marketing tourism product, but using the concepts of social memory I try to point to range of different individual memories based on everyday experiences. These small personal histories of everyday life complement established, or rather the one that is still being instituted. The thesis also monitors and reflets some possible adjustments and transformations of social memory and outline what could be the motivation for these changes. Keywords: Mass tourism; communism; social memory; identity; places of memory - "les lieux de mémoire".

TITLE: Sense of Coherence and Adherence to a Healthy Lifestyle of Academics in the Age Group 45- 56 Years ABSTRACT: The study examines personal resilience of the sense of coherence type related to healthy lifestyle adherence of university teachers between 45 and 56 years. The theoretical part deals with healthy lifestyle, its approaches and impacting factors with main focus on individual well-being and physical activity. Using the Stress Profile, the Resilience of the Sense of Coherence Type, and Self-assessment Scale SCL - 90 questionnaires, the study examines mutual relationships between personal resilience and health supporting factors of the observed target group. Based on the results of research, lifestyle changes are recommended toward the healthy lifestyle, emphasizing the need to increase regular physical activity. Finally, "The Stages of Motivational Readiness for Change Model" is presented. KEYWORDS: Healthy lifestyle, sense of coherence, physical activity, university teacher, individual well- being

Hlavním cílem této diplomové práce bylo vytvoření komentované kritické edice zmíněného latinského pramene, jeho popis a rozbor jednotlivých částí díla. Stejně významnou součástí je také alespoň částečné sestavení životních osudů tepelského premonstráta Caspara Brandla, přičemž jsme zcela odkázáni pouze na dochované prameny kláštera Teplá, popřípadě na kusé informace, jež na sebe prozradí sám autor. Nejvíce zpráv při tom získáváme jen k několika dnům Brandlova života, jež strávil jako zpovědník a kaplan v Toužimi u kněžny Charlotty a kdy bez dovolení řádových představených opustil Čechy jako součást kněžnina doprovodu a vydal se s ní směrem do Saska. Brandlův deník jako pramen alespoň částečně související s událostmi severní války, povstáním Františka II. Rákócziho a jeho kontakty s polským prostředím, poskytující navíc očima katolického kněze ze střední Evropy cenné postřehy z cest po východoevropských zemích, je v našem prostředí pramenem spíše ojedinělým a je obtížné najít dílo, jež by mohlo posloužit k případné komparaci. Jako nejvhodnější se zdá být Itinerarium Daniela Krmana, luteránského superintendenta z Horních Uher, jenž téměř ve stejné době putoval k švédskému králi Karlu XII., tehdy pobývajícímu se svým vojskem ve východní Evropě, a cestoval tak mnohdy přes stejná území jako otec Caspar, jen s...

The thesis deals with the Czechoslovakian philosophy in the nineteen-sixties. It focuses not only to its historical description but intends to enter its philosophical thinking from inside and analyse its principal categories. Especially it focuses on the category of work and examines its various formulations, developed in different theoretical perspectives of Czechoslovakian philosophers. This allows distinguish these perspectives in their similarities on one hand and differences on the other. The thesis notably focuses on so called "Hegelian movement" and its evaluation of category of work. This movement, which is in fact the Czechoslovakian variation to the philosophy of praxis, formulates the category of work in its philosophical meaning, i. e. as an ontological category decisive for an origin of the reality and human being. It was originally Hegel, who developed this meaning of category, and Czechoslovakian Hegelian movement continued in developing his ontology adopted through Marx. The Czech philosophers enriched it with aspects of socialistic humanism. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part explains historical conditions of philosophical scientific performance in Czechoslovakia. The second interprets the texts of Czechoslovakian Hegelian philosophers and their expositions of category...

Films and series with criminal themes are very popular among audience. They also have quite a long tradition in the Czech (Czechoslovak) cinematography. Specifically in the 60's a lot of quality films with detective plots were made and they are appreciated among the audience until today. They are also repeated in television frequently. These films demonstrate both crime and further investigation, focused on the police activity. This representation is frequently portrayed as a reality and the audience tend to view it as such. Therefore, it is interesting to observe if this representation corresponds to real forensic practice. This diploma thesis deals with the given matter. It analyses five Czechoslovak crime films from the 60's and its goal is to determine if the forensic methods correspond to then reality. It also focuses on the figure of the investigator as the representative of the law and as the main character. The first part of the thesis is comprised of the theoretical background. It describes the principles of film narrathology and mainly the principles of forensic methodology and practice. The second part of the thesis is practical. The theoretical background is applied here to analyse each of the chosen films. The summary responds to the research question and summarizes results of the analysis.