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Journal articles on the topic 'PRCB reverse power relay'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Sudhakar, Puladasu, Sushama Malaji, and B. Sarvesh. "Impacts of Embedded Generation on Distribution Network Behavior." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 7, no. 2 (2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v7.i2.pp91-103.

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This paper explores the impacts of multiple embedded generators penetration on distribution system behavior. For this rationale, a IEEE-13 bus distribution feeder was modeled and investigates by assimilating different types of embedded generation (EG) sources. Different scenarios were implemented in which WIND, SOFC FUEL CELL, SOLAR and MICRO TURBINE plants were modeled with high variability of load and generation to observe their impacts on system’s protection, unsymmetrical faults also consider observing impacts effectively. To eradicate the impacts on distribution system with presence of EG

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Puladasu, Sudhakar, Malaji Sushama, and Sarvesh B. "Impacts of Embedded Generation on Distribution Network Behavior." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems 7, no. 2 (2018): 91–103. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v7.i2.pp91-103.

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This paper explores the impacts of multiple embedded generators penetration on distribution system behavior. For this rationale, a IEEE-13 bus distribution feeder was modeled and investigates by assimilating different types of embedded generation (EG) sources. Different scenarios were implemented in which WIND, SOFC FUEL CELL, SOLAR and MICRO TURBINE plants were modeled with high variability of load and generation to observe their impacts on system’s protection, unsymmetrical faults also consider observing impacts effectively. To eradicate the impacts on distribution system with presence

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3

Prasetyo, Budi Eko, Sigi Syah Wibowo, Mega Juliastuti, Mochammad Junus, and Muhammad Fahmi Hakim. "ANALISIS GANGGUAN REVERSE POWER DAN UNDER FREQUENCY PADA GENERATOR 153,75 MVA UNIT GAS TURBINE 3.1 DI PLTGU GRESIK." JURNAL ELTEK 16, no. 1 (2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/eltek.v16i1.91.

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Generator unit GT 3.1 at PLTGU Gresik which is operating in parallel with Sub Krian Gresik System failed at fuel supply on 06 October 2015 at 10:08 pm so that reverse power protection worked. The disruption resulted in the GT 3.1 unit stopped in operating for 2.21 hours. This research was conducted to find out how the disturbance and setting of reverse power relay in GT 3.1 unit and then the relationship between reverse power with under frequency and counter measures so that the reverse power interference on GT 3.1 unit does not happen again. In manual book settings applied, reverse power rela

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4

ARFIANTO, TEGUH, NASRUN HARIYANTO, and DELFAN TONIUS SITOHANG. "Perencanaan Sistem Proteksi Generator dari Putaran Balik di PLTMH Totabuan." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 6, no. 3 (2018): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v6i3.436.

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ABSTRAKPada penelitian ini penulis melakukan perhitungan, simulasi dengan aplikasi ETAP 12.6.0 kemudian membandingkan hasil simulasi dengan standar PLN. Pada setting relay daya balik penulis menerapkan standart IEEE C37.102-2006, daya balik generator dengan kapasitas 2 x 2,5 MW adalah 50000 watt dengan waktu tunda relay 10 detik. Sedangkan daya balik untuk generator kapasitas 4 x 0,7 MW adalah 14000 watt dengan waktu tunda relay 10 detik. Hasil yang didapat dari simulasi saat terjadi kenaikan tegangan 110% adalah 0,57 detik dan saat 130% adalah 0,105 detik. Sedangkan untuk setting relay tegang

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Shaikh, Naeem Jilani, and Prabhood Kumar a. Khampariy. "Design of Digital Reverse Power Relay Model for Generator Protection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (2022): 3975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43302.

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Abstract: Generators are one of the most important parts of the power system. Faults at the generator lead to severe failures and fatal accidents. Hence, generators’ protection is a major concern, especially from faults – voltage and current fluctuations, short circuit faults, frequency variations, over-fluxing, flow of reverse power, etc. In this project, a protection scheme is presented for power flow in opposite direction that is flow of power from grid to the generator, due to which the generator starts consuming and acts as a load. Modelling tools are important to have a basic idea of pow

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6

Mishra, Debani Prasad, Rudranarayan Senapati, Suman Patra, and Bimalendu Mishra. "Enhancing the Performance of Reverse Power Relay for Generator Protection." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 16 (December 28, 2021): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2021.16.33.

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The generator is the most important component in energy generation, and it needs to be protected from both internal and external disturbance. Reverse power relays (RPR), with the directional relay being the most commonly utilized as the principal safeguard, are used to trip the turbine generators to minimize the damage of prime mover. Modeling tools are helpful for learning the basics of a power system, especially for newbie engineers. These tools assist novice engineers in modulating the system in both normal and abnormal situations. This paper demonstrates how to model and simulate a digital

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7

Yosua Alvin Adi Soetrisno, Bambang Winardi, and Enda Wista Sinuraya. "Generator protection system with reverse power relay on 1000 KVA 'Cummins' diesel generator at Cepu Human Resources Development Center." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 1 (2022): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.14.1.0343.

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Each generator is designed to create a certain amount of electricity. However, there are situations when the generator cannot handle the current load. The solution is to employ two or more generators to produce as much power as the number of generators operating simultaneously or synchronizing (parallel generator). Several parameters must be configured throughout the synchronization process, including the phase sequence, voltage, frequency, and phase angle, which must be the same. An operation failure can occur if one of the prerequisites is not fulfilled, resulting in reverse power. The motor

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8

Yosua Alvin Adi Soetrisno, Bambang Winardi, and Enda Wista Sinuraya. "Generator protection system with reverse power relay on 1000 KVA 'Cummins' diesel generator at Cepu Human Resources Development Center." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 1 (2022): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.14.1.0343.

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Each generator is designed to create a certain amount of electricity. However, there are situations when the generator cannot handle the current load. The solution is to employ two or more generators to produce as much power as the number of generators operating simultaneously or synchronizing (parallel generator). Several parameters must be configured throughout the synchronization process, including the phase sequence, voltage, frequency, and phase angle, which must be the same. An operation failure can occur if one of the prerequisites is not fulfilled, resulting in reverse power. The motor

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9

Yosua, Alvin Adi Soetrisno, Winardi Bambang, and Wista Sinuraya Enda. "Generator protection system with reverse power relay on 1000 KVA 'Cummins' diesel generator at Cepu Human Resources Development Center." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 1 (2022): 377–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7029380.

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Each generator is designed to create a certain amount of electricity. However, there are situations when the generator cannot handle the current load. The solution is to employ two or more generators to produce as much power as the number of generators operating simultaneously or synchronizing (parallel generator). Several parameters must be configured throughout the synchronization process, including the phase sequence, voltage, frequency, and phase angle, which must be the same. An operation failure can occur if one of the prerequisites is not fulfilled, resulting in reverse power. The motor

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10

Zakri, Azriyenni Azhari, and Fahrul Rozi. "MODELING TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF REVERSE POWER RELAY IN GENERATOR." SINERGI 24, no. 3 (2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2020.3.008.

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The generator is the primary component in electricity generation and requires a protection system from internal and external interference that occurs. This study considers how to improve the performance of relays in power plants. A model of a generator that is executed in a fault condition to reset the protective equipment, namely Reverse Power Relay (RPR). The study is intended to model the state of internal and external fault on the generator by applying a working principle of RPR. The model is designed to anticipate the actual fault in the generator. The simulation results obtained output s

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11

Fajrina J, Annisa Ridzky, Supriyatna Supriyatna, and Agung Budi Muljono. "Perencanaan Kinerja Sistem Proteksi Generator di PLTG Mobile Power Plant Jeranjang (2×25 MW) Lombok." Jurnal Teknik Elektro Uniba (JTE UNIBA) 9, no. 2 (2025): 615–22. https://doi.org/10.36277/jteuniba.v9i2.1263.

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Sistem proteksi memiliki peran penting dalam menajaga kelangsungan operasi pembangkit listrik, khususnya pada generator. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melakukan perencanaan pada kinerja proteksi generator pada PLTG MPP Jeranjang (2x25 MW). Metode dilakukan dengan melakukan pemodelan sistem proteksi generator menggunakan data operasi dan karakteristik teknis menggunakan software ETAP 21.0.1. Penelitian berfokus pada penyesuaian setting relay proteksi generator dengan standar IEEE Std C37.102-2006. Relay yang dikaji meliputi relay overcurrent (50/51), differential (87), phase overvoltage (59), phas

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12

Heri Sungkowo, Awan Setiawan, Bakti Indra Kurniawan, Edo Enka Putra Pradana, Reni Dwi Lestari, and Aldiansyah Dwi Teguh Setyawan. "ANALISIS PENGUJIAN RELAY PROTEKSI MENGGUNAKAN RELAY TESTING UNIT TIPE PTE-100-C PLUS." Jurnal Teknik Ilmu Dan Aplikasi 3, no. 2 (2022): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jtia.v3i1.101.

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Relay proteksi adalah suatu relay listrik yang digunakan untuk mengamankan peralatan-peralatan listrik terhadap kondisi abnormal. Banyaknya karakteristik beban dan penambahan beban mempengaruhi perencanaan pengaman dan menentukan dalam perencanaan sistem distribusi. Adapun relay pengaman pada sistem tenaga listrik berfungsi untuk merasakan, mengukur dan menentukan bagian sistem yang terganggu serta memisahkan secepatnya sehingga sistem lainnya yang tidak terganggu dapat beroperasi secara normal. Pengujian relay proteksi ini penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi relay tersebut masih sesuai

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13

Naily Shifa Mardiana, Rohmah Yuli Cahyani, Yehezkiel Billy Debytiantana, Sujito Sujito, and Moh Zainul Falah. "Electrical Protection Systems in Indonesia: Literature Review of Relay on Indonesian Articles Perspectives." Journal Electrical and Computer Experiences 2, no. 1 (2024): 32–37. https://doi.org/10.59535/jece.v2i1.282.

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The protection system in electrical engineering is a crucial component in maintaining electrical reliability. The protection system is a vital component that needs attention. Its utility not only serves as a parameter for the reliability of the electrical system but also as a safeguard for electrical system devices, starting from power suppliers (Power Plants), interconnection networks, transmission networks, to distribution networks. In Indonesia, with the unique dynamics of the domestic market, periodic evaluation of relays becomes important. This study investigates the current status and do

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Negemiya, A. Arun, B. AnandhaKrishnan, N. Aswin, A. Johan Rosario, and C. Kaviraj. "Android App Controlled Automobile Screw Jack for Light and Heavy Transport." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (2023): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51548.

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Abstract: This project is designed with Driver circuit with relay, BLUETOOTH APP (remote), Dc motor and jack model. Either the battery power or direct power supply is used to control the jack motor. The Bluetooth keypad is used to control the direction of the motor which is coupled with the spur gear. Relay is directly connected with the DC motor. When the start key is pressed the motor is operated in forward direction and the when the stop key is pressed the motor is stops automatically. The forward and reverse button in the remote is used to operate the motor is required directions. Bluetoot

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15

Guo, Xirong. "Analysis of Influence of Distributed Photovoltaic on 10kV Line Relay Protection." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2360, no. 1 (2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2360/1/012027.

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Photovoltaic power generation is the most significant way to utilize solar energy in the world today. Facing the severe fossil energy crisis and environmental crisis facing the world today, photovoltaic power generation has obvious advantages from the perspective of resource sustainability and environmental friendliness. The access of distributed photovoltaic power sources will change the power flow distribution in the distribution network. If the grid-connected load of photovoltaic access is light, the photovoltaic capacity is large. After the photovoltaic is connected, the distribution netwo

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Sudhakar, Puladasu, Sushama Malaji, and B. Sarvesh. "Reducing the impact of DG on distribution networks protection with reverse power relay." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 1 (2018): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.052.

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17

N. P. Mawale, Niranjan Devale, Aniruddha Goswami, and Soham Borawake. "Solar Based Water Purification System." International Journal of Innovative Science and Modern Engineering 12, no. 9 (2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijisme.b8095.12090924.

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In this paper, we present a solar-powered water purifier based on the principle of reverse osmosis. Solar panels collect radiation, which is stored in a battery. The battery supplies power to the purification unit via an electromagnetic relay. The purification unit includes a high-pressure motor, a reverse osmosis system, and a water tank. The motor generates the pressure needed for reverse osmosis. A microcontroller monitors the water level in the tank to prevent overflow. This method results in purified water stored in the tank. Solar-powered water purification systems are considered a key s

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Soham, Borawake. "Solar Based Water Purification System." International Journal of Innovative Science and Modern Engineering (IJISME) 12, no. 9 (2024): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijisme.B8095.12090924.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> In this paper, we present a solar-powered water purifier based on the principle of reverse osmosis. Solar panels collect radiation, which is stored in a battery. The battery supplies power to the purification unit via an electromagnetic relay. The purification unit includes a high-pressure motor, a reverse osmosis system, and a water tank. The motor generates the pressure needed for reverse osmosis. A microcontroller monitors the water level in the tank to prevent overflow. This method results in purified water stored in the tank. Solar-powered water purification sys

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Alfitri, Tafki Aunika Fariz, and Iman Setiono. "RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENGATURAN ARAH PUTAR MOTOR DC POWER WINDOWS BERBASIS PLC PANASONIC MENGGUNAKAN HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI)." Gema Teknologi 19, no. 2 (2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gt.v19i2.21864.

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Tafki Aunika Fariz Alfitri, Iman Setiono, in this paper explain that at this time human life has become more advanced especially in the field of science and technology, all people compete to create technology that is useful and easy for humans. At present the equipment in general has used a remote monitoring and operation system. This system usually uses a microcontroller or PLC as a control. In an effort to facilitate human work, in this case I tried to make a design setting the direction of rotation of the DC power windows. This DC power windows motor is usually used in the car to move the w

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Saidkhodjaev, Anvar, and Fazliddin Khojayorov. "Development of the theory of complexly closed city electrical networks." E3S Web of Conferences 461 (2023): 01086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346101086.

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The article discusses the issues of optimization and selection of the most rational scheme of a complex electrical network for the power supply of a microdistrict. And this requires the development of a more accurate definition of the calculated electrical loads of consumers, as well as the total loads of TP, RP, GRP, standard daily schedules, specific standards for calculating electrical loads, new building codes and regulations to replace the old KMK 2.04.17-98, determination of the most advantageous power and number of transformer substations, calculation of systems of complex power supply

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M., E. Yusoff, and Hashim H. "Analysis on the behavior of line differential protective relaying with solar PV penetration." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 1 (2020): 46–53. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp46-53.

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Power System Protection is very important in electrical power system as it minimizes power supply interruption to customers, and also prevents damages to electrical equipment. Lately, renewable energy (RE) penetration in power system helps to support and fulfil the increasing demand of electricity to customers. However, the contribution of power from RE such as solar photovoltaic (PV) will increase the fault level and lead to reverse power flow; thus, it will affect power system protection reliability. This paper focuses on evaluating the reliability of differential protection relay during ste

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22

Yang, Lin, Minghao Wen, Yu Chen, and Xingzhu Wang. "A Novel Protection Scheme for Outgoing Line Fault of AC Transmission Line near the Inverter Station of AC/DC Hybrid Power Grid based on AC Filter Characteristics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2247, no. 1 (2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2247/1/012023.

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Abstract Compared with traditional AC power grid, the fault characteristics of the AC/DC hybrid power grid are more complex and variable. Hence there is a problem of incorrect action for the fault detection elements used in traditional AC power grid which comes up when an outgoing line fault occurs on the AC transmission line in the vicinity of the inverter station. To distinguish the fault direction under the aforementioned situation, a directional protection scheme based on the characteristics of the AC filter is proposed in this paper. Considering the information can be measured by AC line

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E. Yusoff, M., and H. Hashim. "Analysis on the behavior of line differential protective relaying with solar PV penetration." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 1 (2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp46-53.

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Power System Protection is very important in electrical power system as it minimizes power supply interruption to customers, and also prevents damages to electrical equipment. Lately, renewable energy (RE) penetration in power system helps to support and fulfil the increasing demand of electricity to customers. However, the contribution of power from RE such as solar photovoltaic (PV) will increase the fault level and lead to reverse power flow; thus, it will affect power system protection reliability. This paper focuses on evaluating the reliability of differential protection relay during ste

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24

Esmaio, Mustafa Ali, and Mohamed Ali Eltaeb. "Distance Protection Relay and effect MOV on zones of relay using MATLAB." International Science and Technology Journal 34, no. 1 (2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.62341/mdmp2724.

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Transmission lines are an important part of the power system. Transmission lines are used to transmit power and are prone to many breakdowns. Therefore, protection relays are used to protect transmission lines. The purpose of the protection system is to isolate the faulty part from the healthy part, because large currents generated by faults may cause damage to electrical equipment. One of the protection relays is the distance relay and is mainly used in the transmission line. Sometimes these relays are used for backup protection. Distance relays to determine impedance need voltage and current

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Ramdani, Renita, Muhammad Hasan Zein, Reyhana Mazhab Islami, Ajeng Bening Kusumaningtyas, Fatahula, and Sila Wardono. "Perancangan Panel Motor Control Center Reverse Osmosis Water System." Electrices 5, no. 2 (2023): 98–107. https://doi.org/10.32722/ees.v5i2.5379.

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RO (Reverse Osmosis) adalah salah satu metode dalam proses WWTP (Waste Water Treatment Plant). Pada sistem ini, air akan didorong oleh pompa bertekanan tinggi supaya dapat melewati membran dan memisahkannya dari komponen-komponen yang tidak diinginkan. Untuk mengoperasikan RO Water System, maka dibutuhkan panel MCC. Sebelum membuat panel, dibutuhkan perancangan panel. Dalam menentukan suatu peralatan kontrol dianjurkan untuk mengacu pada standar yang berlaku, seperti PUIL. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah merancang suatu panel. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah berasal dari

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Perdana, Iqbal Nusya. "Replacement of several single function generator protection relay at Badak LNG." MATEC Web of Conferences 277 (2019): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927703008.

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Badak LNG is a company that operates the largest LNG Plant in Indonesia with maximum production capacity of 22.5 MTPA. The company operates twelve (12) steam turbine generators and one gas turbine generator and one diesel engine generator to supply electricity for process, utility, storage, loading and plant support facility areas, which constitutes the criticality of power generator equipment to keep the reliability of production process. Generator protection relay is one of the equipment that monitors and protects the generator from fault resulting from either internal or external disturbanc

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Yaman, Yaman, Teuku Hasanuddin, Yassir Asnawi, and Reza Tri Fahlevi. "Pengujian Daya Balik pada Sinkronisasi Generator dengan Sumber Daya Sangat Besar (Infinite Bus) secara Otomatis Menggunakan Multifunction Relay Tipe GCP-30 di Laboratorium Sistem Proteksi dan Distribusi Jurusan Teknik Elektro." Jurnal Litek : Jurnal Listrik Telekomunikasi Elektronika 19, no. 1 (2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/litek.v19i1.2888.

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Daya balik atau motoring adalah peristiwa berubahnya fungsi generator listrik menjadi motor listrik pada saat sinkronisasi generator. Perubahan ini diakibatkan oleh berbaliknya arah aliran daya. Pengamanan generator dari gangguan daya balik biasanya menggunakan reverse power relay, dengan proses sinkronisasi dilakukan secara manual menggunakan synchronoscope. Multifunction Relay tipe GCP-30 adalah alat yang dapat melakukan kedua hal tersebut secara bersamaan. Alat ini berfungsi untuk menyinkronisasi generator secara manual atau otomatis, yang dilengkapi dengan pengaman, termasuk gangguan dari

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Yaman, Yaman, Teuku Hasanuddin, Yassir Asnawi, and Reza Tri Fahlevi. "Pengujian Daya Balik pada Sinkronisasi Generator dengan Sumber Daya Sangat Besar (Infinite Bus) secara Otomatis Menggunakan Multifunction Relay Tipe GCP-30 di Laboratorium Sistem Proteksi dan Distribusi Jurusan Teknik Elektro." Jurnal Litek : Jurnal Listrik Telekomunikasi Elektronika 19, no. 1 (2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/litek.v19i1.2888.

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Daya balik atau motoring adalah peristiwa berubahnya fungsi generator listrik menjadi motor listrik pada saat sinkronisasi generator. Perubahan ini diakibatkan oleh berbaliknya arah aliran daya. Pengamanan generator dari gangguan daya balik biasanya menggunakan reverse power relay, dengan proses sinkronisasi dilakukan secara manual menggunakan synchronoscope. Multifunction Relay tipe GCP-30 adalah alat yang dapat melakukan kedua hal tersebut secara bersamaan. Alat ini berfungsi untuk menyinkronisasi generator secara manual atau otomatis, yang dilengkapi dengan pengaman, termasuk gangguan dari

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Yaman, Yaman, Teuku Hasanuddin, Yassir Yassir, and Reza Tri Fahlevi. "Pengujian Daya Balik pada Sinkronisasi Generator dengan Sumber Daya Sangat Besar (Infinite Bus) secara Otomatis Menggunakan Multifunction Relay Tipe GCP-30 di Laboratorium Sistem Proteksi dan Distribusi Jurusan Teknik Elektro." Jurnal Litek : Jurnal Listrik Telekomunikasi Elektronika 19, no. 1 (2022): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/litek.v19i1.22.

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Daya balik atau motoring adalah peristiwa berubahnya fungsi generator listrik menjadi motor listrik pada saat sinkronisasi generator. Perubahan ini diakibatkan oleh berbaliknya arah aliran daya. Pengamanan generator dari gangguan daya balik biasanya menggunakan reverse power relay, dengan proses sinkronisasi dilakukan secara manual menggunakan synchronoscope. Multifunction Relay tipe GCP-30 adalah alat yang dapat melakukan kedua hal tersebut secara bersamaan. Alat ini berfungsi untuk menyinkronisasi generator secara manual atau otomatis, yang dilengkapi dengan pengaman, termasuk gangguan dari

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Mashchenko, O., V. Shesterenko, and I. Izvolensky. "Relay protection against electric arc and emergency overheating of elements of the electric power switchgear." Scientific Works of National University of Food Technologies 28, no. 6 (2022): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24263/2225-2924-2022-28-6-6.

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Relay protection against electric arc and emergency overheating of elements of a high-voltage switchgear, triggered with a high degree of reliability, was created by NUFT scientists when using a material with a shape memory (ESM) effect. Each metal and alloy has its own crystal lattice, the architecture and dimensions of which are predetermined. But in many me¬tals with changes in temperature, pressure, the lattice does not remain unchanged. In some moment its restructuring takes place. Such a change in the type of lattice, a polymorphic transformation, can be carried out in two ways. Accordin

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Gill, Amandeep, Pushpendra Singh, Jalpa H. Jobanputra, and Mohan Lal Kolhe. "Placement analysis of combined renewable and conventional distributed energy resources within a radial distribution network." AIMS Energy 10, no. 6 (2022): 1216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022057.

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<abstract> <p>System islanding, relay tripping, and reverse power flow-like issues in the distribution network are all caused by randomly placed distributed energy resources. To minimize such problems, distributed energy resource (DER) optimal placement in the radial distribution network (RDN) is essential to reduce power loss and enhance the voltage profile. When placing DERs, consideration of constraints like size, location, number, type, and power factor (PF) should be considered. For optimal placement, renewable and nonrenewable DERs are considered. The effects of different typ

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Lin, Xingjun, Huarong Wang, Zihui Xian, and Xinglin Huang. "Design of Battery Charging Protection Circuit Based on Simulink." Journal of Engineering System 2, no. 1 (2024): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jes.202402107.

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With the growth of energy storage demand of electric new energy vehicles, the utilization rate of batteries is becoming higher and higher. Circuit protection is very important in the process of charging and discharging. This paper carries out the design of the relay protection circuit after the rectification and filtering of the power supply, and uses the Simulink simulation software to simulate the normal work of the drive circuit and the instantaneous overcurrent fault. The results show that the simulation value of the output drive signal is close to the theoretical value under normal workin

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Shieh, Yueh-Tsung, Chih-Chiang Wu, Shyr-Long Jeng, et al. "A Turn-Ratio-Changing Half-Bridge CLLC DC–DC Bidirectional Battery Charger Using a GaN HEMT." Energies 16, no. 16 (2023): 5928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16165928.

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This paper presents a 250 kHz bidirectional battery charger circuit using a GaN HEMT. The charger is subjected to a high-/low-side constant voltage at 200 V/20 V. The charger circuit is a hybrid of the LLC and flyback circuit topologies. Both the power output analysis and efficiency control of this circuit are simplified when the magnetization current is minimized using the low-resistance GaN HEMT. The switching frequency is controlled to match the series resonance in a way that is analogous to conventional LLC circuit controls, while the duty ratio that determines the power output and the dea

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Noh, Juan, Seungjun Gham, Myungseok Yoon, Wookyu Chae, Woohyun Kim, and Sungyun Choi. "A Study on a Communication-Based Algorithm to Improve Protection Coordination under High-Impedance Fault in Networked Distribution Systems." Sustainability 15, no. 21 (2023): 15399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152115399.

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The rising demand for stable power supply in distribution systems has increased the importance of reliable supply. Thus, a networked distribution system (NDS) linked with individual lines is being adopted, gradually replacing the radial distribution system (RDS) currently applied to most distribution systems. Implementing the NDS can lead to various improvements in factors such as line utilization rate, acceptance rates of distributed power, and terminal voltages, while mitigating line losses. However, compared with the RDS, the NDS can experience bidirectional fault currents owing to its inte

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S., SKRYPNYK, and KOLLAROV O. "Analysis of the mode of electrical network operation at single-phase accessories of voltage 6-35 kV." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 25, no. 2 (2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2021-2-35-40.

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In three-phase electrical networks during the operation of power supply systems, damage to electrical equipment and difficult modes of operation are possible. Damage associated with insulation failure, rupture of wires and cables of power lines, personnel errors when switching, lead to a short circuit between the phases or on the ground. At a short circuit in a closed circuit there is a big current, voltage drop on elements of the equipment increases that leads to the general decrease in voltage in all points of a network and disturbance of work of consumers. Complex modes of operation of elec

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Fan, Xiao, Zhou Kunpeng, Wang Tao, Cao Kan, and Rao Yuze. "Study on the Key Problems of UHVAC/DC Power Grids with New Generation Large Synchronous Condenser." E3S Web of Conferences 57 (2018): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185703003.

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In order to cope with the great pressure caused by the gradually exhaustion of fossil energy and environmental protection and climate warming, the development and application of the renewable energy has become an important foundation and development direction in the field of energy. However, due to the impact of energy and resource endowment, China’s load center and renewable energy base into the characteristics of long-range reverse distribution, the use of long-distance large-capacity transmission potential is necessary. With the “strong DC system and weak AC system” problem of the company p

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Md Salleh, Salihatun, Badrul Aisham Md Zain, Mohd Shahir Yahya, Md Saidin Wahab, C. H. I. Che Ghazali, and M. Sharel Yusof. "Implementation of PLC System in Fish Feeding Rate Determination." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.841.

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This study is about the development of a control system design using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) system which gives food to the fish with a blower method. To perform fish feeding system automatically the control system will include PLC system, touch screen, emergency button, terminal block, speed controller, relay NY-2N, and power supply 240V. The component of the input systems are autonics sensor includes counter clockwise sensor, clockwise sensor and distance pulse sensor. While the components of the output systems are forward/reverse motor and blower. The overall system and its comp

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Li, Gang, Hu Liu, Wenchuan Jing, Tao Wang, and Jian Yang. "Closed-loop Control System Design of Wind Rope Hoisting of Transmission Tower." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2800, no. 1 (2024): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2800/1/012025.

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Abstract The traditional wind rope (tricing pendant) hoisting method of power transmission towers mainly relies on manpower to observe the posture of the hanger and adjust the retraction and release speed of the control rope, so as to avoid the scraping of hanger and the assembled tower body. In this paper, the ADAMS/Cable modeling tool is used to establish the transmission tower hoisting dynamic model with the JC27151CG tower as the object, and the reasonable installation position of the tricing pendant retraction system is analyzed. And based on the reasonable installation position, the hois

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Kaur, Jashandeep, Manilka Jayasooriya, Muhammad Naveed Iqbal, Kamran Daniel, Noman Shabbir, and Kristjan Peterson. "Fault Detection and Protection Strategy for Multi-Terminal HVDC Grids Using Wavelet Analysis." Energies 18, no. 5 (2025): 1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051147.

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The growing demand for electricity, integration of renewable energy sources, and recent advances in power electronics have driven the development of HVDC systems. Multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) grids, enabled by Voltage Source Converters (VSCs), provide increased operational flexibility, including the ability to reverse power flow and independently control both active and reactive power. However, fault propagation in DC grids occurs more rapidly, potentially leading to significant damage within milliseconds. Unlike AC systems, HVDC systems lack natural zero-crossing points, making fault isolation

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Lin, Chang-Sheng, Chang-Chen Yu, Yue-Hao Ciou, Yi-Xiu Wu, Chuan-Hsing Hsu, and Yi-Ting Li. "Design and analysis of a light electric vehicle." Mechanical Sciences 12, no. 1 (2021): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-345-2021.

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Abstract. This paper discusses a systematic vehicle design process in which light weight is taken as the vehicle design objective, and the designed frame is analyzed in detail. The load condition of a vehicle under different circumstances is calculated according to the distances from the front and rear wheels to the centroid position. The stress on the components in the condition is analyzed by finite element analysis, the steering geometry of the vehicle is analyzed, and the vehicle's turning angle and radius are designed. The displacement of the vehicle under a load is calculated by rigidity

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Tanha, Mohammad Hassan, Majid Gandomkar, and Javad Nikoukar. "Coordination of protection and operation in micro-grids with inverter based distributed generation using SAOA." PLOS ONE 19, no. 10 (2024): e0311584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311584.

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In the proposed protection coordination scheme, the depreciation of the operation time of the entire relay in the primary and backup protection modes for all possible fault locations is considered as the objective function. The limitations of this problem include the equations for calculating the operation time of the relays in both forward and reverse directions, the limitation of the coordination time interval, the limitation of the setting parameters of the proposed relays, the restriction of the size of the reactance that limits the fault current, and the limitation of the standing time of

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Bahari, M. Saiful, M. Firdaus, Zulkifli Mohamed, and M. Hanif M.Ramli. "Computational Numerical Analysis of a Magnetic Flux Permanent Magnet with Different Shape for The Development of a Hybrid Generator." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 1 (2023): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21087.

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A hybrid generator is one of the attempts to reduce carbon emissions in electricity generation, as it could replace the combustion system currently used in generator sets to generate electricity while increasing carbon emissions. In the hybrid generator system, Lenz's rule of electromagnetic induction is applied in reverse by using a relay to change the polarity of the solenoid coil's electric current. The permanent magnet in the solenoid coil generates mechanical energy (motion) and thereby moves the generator engine, since the permanent magnet is connected to the generator engine via the cra

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ZHURAVLOV, A., O. SABLIN, V. SHCHEKA, and K. YASHCHUK. "TRACK CIRCUITS INTERFERENCE RESISTANCE INCREASE UNDER THE TRACTION CURRENT INFLUENCE." Transport systems and transportation technologies, no. 27 (July 3, 2024): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/tstt2024/307339.

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Purpose. The aim of the work is to increase the electromagnetic compatibility of track circuits with the traction power supply system of railways under the influence of reverse traction current disturbances. Conducting research and analysis of the causes of malfunctions of rail circuits on electrified sections of the railway, existing means and methods of increasing the interference resistance of track circuits and ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility of signaling, centralization and blocking devices with the traction power supply system, and the development of effective technical soluti

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Laurich, Ben, Janos L. Urai, and Christophe Nussbaum. "Microstructures and deformation mechanisms in Opalinus Clay: insights from scaly clay from the Main Fault in the Mont Terri Rock Laboratory (CH)." Solid Earth 8, no. 1 (2017): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-8-27-2017.

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Abstract. The Main Fault in the shaly facies of Opalinus Clay is a small reverse fault formed in slightly overconsolidated claystone at around 1 km depth. The fault zone is up to 6 m wide, with micron-thick shear zones, calcite and celestite veins, scaly clay and clay gouge. Scaly clay occurs in up to 1.5 m wide lenses, providing hand specimens for this study. We mapped the scaly clay fabric at 1 m–10 nm scale, examining scaly clay for the first time using broad-ion beam polishing combined with scanning electron microscopy (BIB-SEM). Results show a network of thin shear zones and microveins, s

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Kumar, Nishant N., and Ms Priya Panchal. "Building a Secure IoT Platform for Smart Home Automation: A Comprehensive Integration." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 1 (2024): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.57917.

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Abstract: The creation and use of a novel Internet ofThings (IoT) platform designed for smart home automation arepresented in this research study. The platform combines powerful hardware elements with cutting-edge software technologies. It makes use of Docker ptimization on, an Ubuntu-based Linux server, and essential utilities like Traefik, MySQL, Node-RED, Mosquitto, Adminer, and InfluxDB. The infrastructure is painstakingly built to provide scalable deployment, effective data management, and smooth communication. The core of the technique is the creation of a Linux server running Ubuntu. A

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Xing, Yunlong, Kai Li, Yuan Jiao, and Zinan Li. "Propofol Causes Consciousness Loss by Affecting GABA-A Receptor in the Nucleus Basalis of Rats." Behavioural Neurology 2020 (February 20, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9370891.

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Objective. Propofol is a classical anesthetic and induces consciousness loss, and gamma-aminobutyric-acid-type-A (GABA-A) receptor is its target. Righting reflex is associated with conscious response. The nucleus basalis (NB) acts as a major relay between the reticular activating system and the frontal cortex (FC). Propofol may mediate righting reflex by affecting GABA-A receptor in NB. Methods. Fifty male SD rats (250-350 g) were divided into parts I and II. In part I, 20 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (CG) and NB-lesion group (NG, ibotenic acid-induced NB lesion). In p

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G, Lakith, Divyashree B P, Nandini S. Patil, and Vidyarani K P. "Reverse Power Protection of an Alternator." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 02 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem17720.

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Power plant generators are important components of an electrical energy system. They should be constantly monitored and protected in order to maintain the quality and reliability of the power supply. Otherwise generator may operate incorrectly resulting in poor power quality and instability during events like faults, equipment failure, reverse power flow(RPF) etc., the presence of large distributed energy resources is the major cause to the reverse power flow during low loads/excess generation at distribution level. If reverse power flow (RPF) is not resolved, it leads to incorrect operation o

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"SETTING REVERSE POWER RELAY RW 1-10 PADA GENERATOR CUMMINS PPSDM MIGAS CEPU." Prosiding Seminar Nasional NCIET 1, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/nciet.v1i1.57.

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Sultana, Nigar, and Sk khairul Alom. "Design and Implementation of Arduino Based Star Delta Starting, F/R Direction Control and Fault Protection of Three Phase Induction Motor." International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), January 31, 2023, 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v6i1p105.

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Three-phase induction motors have varied usage in industrial applications. At 50 Hz the most common reduced voltage starter is Star Delta. The popular applied method to minimize the start current of an induction motor is star to delta conversion. This project is designed to remotely control the starting of the induction motor through the star to delta conversion via mobile message command. The project also enables controlling of the forward and reverses motor direction along with phase fail and overload relay trip monitoring through the mobile communication system. The vital components of this

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Mohammadhassani, Ardavan, and Ali Mehrizi‐Sani. "Nonpilot directional protection of a microgrid." Journal of Engineering 2023, no. 12 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/tje2.12334.

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AbstractProtection of an islanded inverter‐based microgrid is challenging because of variable and small fault current contribution of inverter‐based resources (IBR) and the absence of sequence currents. This paper proposes a fast and robust nonpilot directional protection scheme to address this challenge. This scheme relies on support vector machines (SVM) and the harmonic current injection capability of IBRs. Examining the harmonic currents measured by a relay during a fault shows that harmonic currents have similar magnitudes but different orientation under forward and reverse faults. Additi

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