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Books on the topic 'Pre-clinical imaging'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Najarian, Kayvan. Biomedical Signal and Image Processing. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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2

Nixdorff, Uwe, Stephan Achenbach, Frank Bengel, Pompillio Faggiano, Sara Fernández, Christian Heiss, Thomas Mengden, et al. Imaging in cardiovascular prevention. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0006.

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Imaging tools in preventive cardiology can be divided into imaging modalities to assess pre-clinical and clinical atherosclerosis and functional assessments of vascular function or vascular inflammation. To calculate the likelihood of pre-clinical atherosclerosis intima-media thickness as well as coronary calcium scoring are most frequently used. However, beyond these two there are other parameters derived by ultrasound and multi-detector computed tomography as well as magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear/molecular imaging which are discussed in the chapter. Functional tests include flow-med

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3

Cleverley, Joanne. The imaging of fungal disease. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0041.

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The imaging of fungal infection is diverse and often non-specific with multiple abnormalities commonly identified, frequently with more than one organ involved. By correlating the clinical information, which should include patient immune status, pre-existing chronic disease, and potential exposure to endemic fungi, and using this information with an awareness of the radiographic findings of fungal infection, a potential diagnosis can be ascertained. In this chapter, the imaging of fungal infection is discussed, concentrating on the various imaging modalities available, their role, and the majo

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4

Loving, Vilert A. Pre-Operative Localization. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0059.

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Non-palpable, surgical breast lesions require image guidance to direct the site of excision. With the widespread adoption of screening mammography and increased identification of non-palpable breast cancers, image guidance is critical to support the surgeon in successful breast-conserving surgery. Pre-operative localization procedures are typically performed under mammography guidance or ultrasound guidance, and less commonly under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance. This chapter, appearing in the section on interventions and surgical changes, reviews protocols and pitfalls, pre-/peri-/

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5

Splinter, Robert, and Kayvan Najarian. Biomedical Signal and Image Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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6

Splinter, Robert, and Kayvan Najarian. Biomedical Signal and Image Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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7

Kayvan, Najarian, and Splinter Robert, eds. Biomedical signal and image processing. Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2005.

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8

Splinter, Robert, and Kayvan Najarian. Biomedical Signal and Image Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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9

Wang, Sigen, Otto Zhou, and Sha Chang. Carbon-nanotube field emission electron and X-ray technology for medical research and clinical applications. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.19.

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This article describes carbon-nanotube based X-ray technologies for medical research and clinical applications, including an X-ray source, microfocus X-ray tube, microcomputed tomography scanner, stationary digital breast tomosynthesis, microradiotherapy system, and single-cell irradiation system. It first examines electron field emission from carbon nanotubes before discussing carbon-nanotube field emission electron and X-ray technologies in greater detail. It highlights the enormous promise of these systems in commercial and research application for the future in diagnostic medical imaging;

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10

McCormick, Patrick Neil. Pre-clinical evaluation of [carbon-11]-(+)-PHNO as an agonist positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for imaging of the high-affinity state of the dopamine D2 receptor. 2006.

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11

van den Bosch, Annemien E., Luigi P. Badano, and Julia Grapsa. Right ventricle and pulmonary arterial pressure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0023.

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Right ventricular (RV) performance plays an important role in the morbidity and mortality of patients with left ventricular dysfunction, congenital heart disease, and pulmonary hypertension. Assessment of RV size, function, and haemodynamics has been challenging because of its complex geometry. Conventional two-dimensional echocardiography is the modality of choice for assessment of RV function in clinical practice. Recent developments in echocardiography have provided several new techniques for assessment of RV dimensions and function, include tissue Doppler imaging, speckle-tracking imaging,

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12

Badano, Luigi P., and Denisa Muraru. Assessment of right heart function and haemodynamics. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0011.

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Assessment of right ventricular (RV) size, function, and haemodynamics has been challenging because of its unique cavity geometry. Conventional two-dimensional assessment of RV function is often qualitative. Doppler methods involving tricuspid inflow and pulmonary artery flow velocities, which are influenced by changes in pre- and afterload conditions, may not provide robust prognostic information for clinical decision making. Recent advances in echocardiographic assessment of the RV include tissue Doppler imaging, speckle-tracking imaging, and volumetric three-dimensional imaging, but they ne

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13

Mullen, Lisa A. MRI-Guided Core Biopsy. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0057.

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MRI-guided breast biopsy techniques were developed to sample indeterminate and suspicious breast lesions visible only on MRI. Breast MRI performed for high-risk screening, problem solving, or assessment of extent of disease in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer may demonstrate indeterminate findings, such as enhancing foci, masses or non-mass enhancement. If the lesion is not visible by mammography or ultrasound, and MRI follow-up is not appropriate, then MRI-guided biopsy is indicated. This chapter, appearing in the section on interventions and surgical changes, reviews the key point

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14

Di Carlo, Philip A. Ultrasound-Guided Core Biopsy. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0056.

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Prior to 1993, when ultrasound-guided core breast biopsy was first described by Parker and colleagues, surgery following image-guided needle localization was necessary to obtain a histological diagnosis of breast lesions. But there are many financial, practical, and clinical advantages of image-guided core biopsy over surgical excisional biopsy. There are also many advantages to ultrasound-guided biopsy over stereotactic- or MRI-guided biopsy, detailed in this chapter. Ultrasound is now usually the modality of choice by which to perform core biopsies if the lesion is visualized by multiple ima

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15

Al-Nahhas, Adil, and Imene Zerizer. Nuclear medicine. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0070.

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The application of nuclear medicine techniques in the diagnosis and management of rheumatological conditions relies on its ability to detect physiological and pathological changes in vivo, usually at an earlier stage compared to structural changes visualized on conventional imaging. These techniques are based on the in-vivo administration of a gamma-emitting radionuclide whose distribution can be monitored externally using a gamma camera. To guide a radionuclide to the area of interest, it is usually bound to a chemical label to form a 'radiopharmaceutical'. There are hundreds of radiopharmace

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16

Pisapia, Jared M., Zarina S. Ali, Gregory G. Heuer, and Eric L. Zager. Adult Upper Trunk Brachial Plexus Injury. Edited by Meghan E. Lark, Nasa Fujihara, and Kevin C. Chung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617127.003.0022.

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This chapter takes a case-based approach to the diagnosis and management of adult brachial plexus injury involving the upper trunk. The clinical presentation and differential diagnosis associated with this injury pattern are reviewed, as well as the findings of electrodiagnostic and imaging studies. Preoperative considerations include the timing from initial injury and the difference between pre- and postganglionic injury. Options for nerve reconstruction include nerve grafting, nerve transfer, or a combination of both. The options are compared, and a detailed description of each surgical proc

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17

Koczo, Agnes, Reshad Mahmud, and Belinda Rivera-Lebron. Pulmonary Embolism (DRAFT). Edited by Raghavan Murugan and Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0020.

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This chapter examines the diagnosis, risk stratification, and breadth of treatment options for pulmonary embolism (PE). It reviews the decision pathways based on degree of clinical suspicion of PE and assessing pre-test probability using the Geneva and Wells’ Score. It also reviews the Pulmonary Embolism Rule-out Criteria (PERC) and D-dimer with high negative predictive values. Imaging and cardiac biomarkers, which allow classification and risk stratification of PE, are discussed in how they guide management. Options for parenteral anticoagulation including bridging to novel oral anticoagulant

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18

Sandford, Richard. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0308_update_001.

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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a diagnosis typically made following imaging of the renal tract. The characteristic features of enlarged bilateral polycystic kidneys with or without liver cysts and a positive family history allow a secure diagnosis to be made for the majority of affected individuals. Other conditions may mimic ADPKD and features of these diseases should always be sought before making a diagnosis. Genetic testing for ADPKD is now widely available and its use in clinical practice is being evaluated. It is likely to have a role in cases with diagnostic unc

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19

Lameire, Norbert, Raymond Vanholder, and Wim Van Biesen. Clinical approach to the patient with acute kidney injury. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0222_update_001.

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The prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) depends on early diagnosis and therapy. A multitude of causes are classified according to their origin as prerenal, intrinsic (intrarenal), and post-renal.Prerenal AKI means a loss of renal function despite intact nephrons, for example, because of volume depletion and/or hypotension.There is a broad spectrum of intrinsic causes of AKI including acute tubular necrosis (ATN), interstitial nephritis, glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis. Evaluation includes careful review of the patient’s history, physical examination, urinalysis, selected urine chemistrie

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20

Quinn, Tom, and Eva Swahn. The intensive cardiac care unit team. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0011.

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Effective, safe health care is a multidisciplinary undertaking. From its inception, half a century ago, the concept of intensive coronary (now cardiac) care has drawn on the expertise of a range of professionals, particularly physicians working closely with nurses. As the evidence base for some aspects of the intensive cardiac care unit care has developed, the intensive cardiac care unit, in some instances, has striking similarities to the general intensive care unit, while paradoxically traditional intensive cardiac care unit functions have been devolved to other parts of the health care syst

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21

Quinn, Tom, and Eva Swahn. The intensive cardiac care unit team. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0011_update_001.

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Effective, safe health care is a multidisciplinary undertaking. From its inception, half a century ago, the concept of intensive coronary (now cardiac) care has drawn on the expertise of a range of professionals, particularly physicians working closely with nurses. As the evidence base for some aspects of the intensive cardiac care unit care has developed, the intensive cardiac care unit, in some instances, has striking similarities to the general intensive care unit, while paradoxically traditional intensive cardiac care unit functions have been devolved to other parts of the health care syst

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22

Atkinson, Paul, Justin Bowra, Tim Harris, Bob Jarman, and David Lewis, eds. Point of Care Ultrasound for Emergency Medicine and Resuscitation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198777540.001.0001.

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Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Emergency Medicine and Resuscitation (Oxford Clinical Imaging Guides) focuses on the day-to-day utility of point-of-care ultrasound in emergency medicine. The book explains how clinicians can safely and accurately use ultrasound for the diagnosis and management of shock, acute presentations, and phases of key conditions. The book begins with a summary of cardiac ultrasound before continuing through the chest, moving down to the abdomen, and finally considers the major vessels and soft tissues. Paediatric and pre-hospital ultrasound, as well as practical procedures,

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23

Compston, Alastair. Multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0871.

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The oligodendrocyte–myelin unit subserves saltatory conduction of the nerve impulse in the healthy central nervous system. At one time, many disease processes were thought exclusively to target the structure and function of myelin. Therefore, they were designated ‘demyelinating diseases’. But recent analyses, based mainly on pathological and imaging studies, (re)emphasize that axons are also directly involved in these disorders during both the acute and chronic phases. Another ambiguity is the extent to which these are inflammatory conditions. Here, distinctions should be made between inflamma

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24

Waldemar, Gunhild. Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease in clinical practice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779803.003.0006.

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The diagnostic evaluation in a patient with cognitive impairment suspected of having Alzheimer’s disease (AD) should include investigations aimed at 1) confirming and characterizing the cognitive impairment using cognitive tests with particular attention to typical (episodic memory impairment) and atypical presentations of AD; 2) checking the diagnostic criteria for AD and considering biomarkers to document AD pathology; and 3) differential diagnosis: ruling out other conditions which could cause cognitive impairment. With the advent of CSF and imaging biomarkers for AD, it may be possible to

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