Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pre-contractual liability'

This article addresses the most relevant aspects of Memorandum of Understanding, one of the most important contractual figures of our times. Through the article, the author explains this figure according to doctrinaire and jurisprudential pronouncements and determines its legal nature and the treatment the Peruvian legal system should grant to it.
El presente artículo aborda los aspectos más relevantes del Memorando de Entendimiento o Memorandum of Understanding, una de las figuras contractuales más importantes de nuestros tiempos. A lo largo del artículo, el autor explica esta figura a la luz de pronunciamientos doctrinarios y jurisprudenciales y, asimismo, determina su naturaleza jurídica y el tratamiento que el ordenamiento jurídico peruano debe otorgarle.

Absente en tant que telle dans le discours des juristes civilistes français, la normativité précontractuelle constitue un phénomène juridique à part entière, dont l'appréhension suppose de suspendre provisoirement le raisonnement habituel par lequel le juriste appréhende la période précontractuelle.Signalée par les fautes précontractuelles, la normativité précontractuelle est distincte de la normativité générale et abstraite, inhérente à la période précontractuelle, que des différents dispositifs du Code civil (p. ex. art. 1109 et s.) et des principes jurisprudentiels (p. ex. la bonne foi) indiquent. Concrète, la normativité précontractuelle apparaît dans un premier temps tel un rapport normatif, établi entre les précontractants en situation de négociation. Décelable en rétrospective d'un contrat critiqué à l'occasion d'une faute simple ou qualifiée, ce rapport se constate également dans la perspective d'un contrat en négociation et constitue la réalité matérielle de cette normativité particulière. Dans un second temps, la normativité précontractuelle renvoie, dans l'ordre des concepts, à une norme. Endogène, celle-ci se manifeste dans l'environnement évolutif, au sein duquel les précontractants se placent volontairement pour déterminer le contenu de leur contrat futur.Point de jonction d'une norme spécifique précontractuelle et d'un rapport noué entre les précontractants, la normativité précontractuelle tient en échec la théorie des sources d'obligations, dans la mesure où celle-ci, considérée comme répertoriant les sources de normativité, ne parvient pas à expliquer celle-là par une seule source. Éclectique et complexe, la normativité précontractuelle échappe, quant à sa représentation, à une construction juridique. Fabriquée dans une discussion normative qui suppose d'envisager les précontractants dans le rapport qui les unit l'un à l'autre, la norme précontractuelle concrète se réalise, au cas par cas, sous l'action originale du juge, lorsque celui-ci reconnaît, rétrospectivement, sa présence ou non, à l'issue d'une bataille argumentative à laquelle les précontractants, parties au procès, participaient, pour mettre en avant l'intérêt qui les animaient lors des négociations et qu'ils entendent désormais faire privilégier par le juge, dans la pesée des intérêts.Hypothèse de quasi-droit, la mise en évidence de la normativité précontractuelle et sa mise à l'épreuve invitent le juriste à repenser les chemins de la normativité pour faire entièrement place à l'irréductible sociabilité qui caractérise le droit
Absent as such in the discourse of French civil lawyers, the pre-contractual normativity is a legal phenomenon. Its comprehension supposes temporarily suspending the usual reasoning by which a jurist apprehends the pre-contractual period.Revealed through mistakes committed during pre-contractual negotiations, pre-contractual normativity is distinct from general and abstract normativity of the pre-contractual period and indicated in various provisions of the Civil Code (art. 1109 et seq.) and jurisprudential principles (e.g. good faith). As it is concrete, pre-contractual normativity firstly appears as a normative relationship, established between negotiators in the process of negotiating, whether the contract is finally signed or not. This relationship is the material reality of this particular normativity. Secondly, pre-contractual normativity sends back to a norm. As it is endogenous, it is revealed in the evolving environment, in which the negotiators voluntarily place themselves to settle the content of their future contract.Pre-contractual normativity is where a specific pre-contractual norm and a relationship forged between negotiators meet. It renders ineffective the theory of sources of obligations, since the latter, which is known for listing the sources of normativity, fails to explain the former with a single source. Pre-contractual normativity is eclectic and complex and thus, defies a single theorization in the way it is presented. Created in the process of a normative discussion which supposes considering negotiators in the relationship that unites them to one another, the concrete pre-contractual norm is achieved, case-by-case, under the supervision of a judge, who afterwards recognizes a presence or absence of such a norm at the end of a debate in which the negotiators – who have become party to the case - actively take part. The aim is to put forward the interests that stir them during the negotiations and that they now intend to have the judge's favor in his balancing of interests.The demonstration of pre-contractual normativity and its modus operandi are hypothesis of quasi-law and invite jurists to rethink the paths to normativity to give way to the completely inherent sociability that characterizes the law

Dans un contexte de mondialisation, face à l’accroissement des échanges et la complexification des contrats internationaux, les négociations précontractuelles ont pris une dimension particulière : création de nouvelles obligations, étirement de la durée des pourparlers, multiplications des contrats préliminaires, tout conduit à transformer cette simple période de transition en une étape primordiale de la vie contractuelle. Les différentes phases de négociation entre partenaires internationaux vont ainsi générer des contentieux qui intéressent le droit international privé. En effet, la valeur juridique de la négociation diverge d’un régime juridique à un autre. Alors que les Etats de common law adoptent une conception individualiste des pourparlers avec pour principe une liberté contractuelle très étendue, la civil law circonscrit la liberté contractuelle par le respect d’un devoir de bonne foi. Par conséquent, il apparaît essentiel, pour les parties, de connaître avec certitude le droit applicable à leur relation précontractuelle.Or les règles de conflits existantes, supposées garantir la sécurité juridique des parties à la négociation en leur assurant une certaine prévisibilité des solutions, ne sont pas adaptées à l’heure actuelle. Dans cette perspective, l’objet de la recherche s’attache à considérer les spécificités de la période précontractuelle et les questions de droit international privé s’y rattachant et tente d’y apporter des réponses efficaces en proposant des règles de conflits adaptées, afin de garantir la sécurité juridique à laquelle aspirent les parties à la négociation
In a context of globalization, facing increased trade and the increasing complexity of international contracts, pre-contractual negotiations take a special dimension: creating new obligations, stretching the length of talks, multiplications of preliminary contracts, are leading to transform this simple transition in a primordial stage of contracts. The different phases of negotiation between international partners and will generate interest litigation private international law.Indeed, the legal negotiation differs from one legal regime to another. Common law countries adopt an individualistic principle for talks with extensive contractual freedom, whereas civil law circumscribes the freedom of contract in respect of a duty of good faith. Therefore, it is essential for the parties to know with certainty the law applicable to their pre-contractual relationship.However, the existing conflict rules, supposed to guarantee the legal security of the negotiating parties by ensuring predictability solutions are not appropriate at this time. In this perspective, the purpose of the research focuses on considering the specificities of the pre-contractual period and issues of private international law relating thereto and attempts to provide effective responses by providing conflict rules adapted to ensure legal certainty aspired parties to the negotiation

Mycket kan gå fel när en part, i ett sent skede, väljer att hoppa av avtalsförhandlingarna i samband med ett bostadsköp eller en bostadsförsäljning. I svensk rätt är fastighetsköpet ett formalavtal vilket innebär att inget är bindande förrän formkraven är uppfyllda. Detta möjliggör att en part illojalt kan föra avtalsförhandlingar utan avsikt att ingå avtal, medan motparten ådrar sig kostnader som senare visar sig utan mening.  I denna uppsats undersöks rättsfiguren culpa in contrahendo som innebär att en part som av oaktsamhet orsakat en skada för motparten i anknytning till avtalsförhandlingarna, kan komma att bli ersättningsskyldig för den inträffade skadan. Inte nog med att det krävs ett oaktsamt agerande för att ett prekontraktuellt ansvar skall aktualiseras ställs det även krav, utifrån rättspraxis och doktrin, på att avtalsförhandlingarna uppnått en kritisk punkt där lojalitetsplikten träder in. Syftet med denna uppsats är att försöka bringa klarhet i vad som kan betraktas som en kritisk punkt där ett skadeståndsansvar enligt principen om culpa in contrahendo blir gällande. Studien är främst baserad på en rättsvetenskaplig metod, som komplement har också en kvantitativ metod applicerats i form av en enkätundersökning. Utifrån rättspraxis har det kunnat fastställas att en kritisk punkt går att jämföra med de situationer där parterna undertecknat ett föravtal. Resultatet från enkätundersökningen visar att den kritiska punkten möjligen har sitt inträdande i samband med att en av parterna undertecknar köpekontraktet. Viktigt att understryka är att respondenternas svar inte kan betraktas som gällande rätt.
A lot of things can go wrong when a part, at a late stage, exits during contract negotiations in connection with property conveyances. In Swedish law, the property purchase is a formal agreement, which means that nothing becomes binding until the formal requirements are met. This allows a part to disloyally negotiate agreements without intending to enter a contract, while the other part incurs costs that later prove meaningless.  This essay investigates the legal figure culpa in contrahendo, which means that a part whose negligence causes an injury to the counterpart in connection with the contract negotiations may be liable for the damage. Not only is negligent behaviour required for a pre-contractual liability to be triggered, but there is also requirement, based on case law and jurisprudence, that the contract negotiations have reached a critical point where the duty of loyalty enters.  The purpose of this essay is to try to clarify what can be considered a critical point where liability for damages according to the principle of culpa in contrahendo becomes valid. The study is mainly based on a legal method. As a complement, a quantitative method in the form of a study has been applied. Based on case law, it has been possible to establish that a critical point can be compared with the situations where the parties have signed a preliminary agreement. The results from the survey show that the critical point may have arisen when one of the parties signed the contract. It is important to emphasize that the respondent’s answers cannot be regarded as applicable law.

La responsabilité précontractuelle dérive de la transposition du devoir d'agir de bonne foi qui pèse sur les contractants au stade de l'exécution du contrat à celle de sa formation. En Colombie, cette transposition s'est faite en 1971 par voie législative dans le Code du commerce alors qu‟en France elle s'est produite grâce à la jurisprudence. Toutefois, le caractère répressif de la responsabilité au stade de la formation du contrat est encore conçu, au mieux, comme une simple réminiscence de la responsabilité délictuelle et, au pire, comme une sanction marginale à la responsabilité contractuelle. L'intérêt qui existe dans cette recherche en droit comparé consiste, en effet, à trouver le critère qui donne à la responsabilité précontractuelle son autonomie, sa spécificité. Ainsi, une observation attentive nous a permis de découvrir que ceux qui persistent à nier l‟existence de la responsabilité précontractuelle en la rattachant à la délictuelle se sont penchés sur un critère chronologique emprunté à l'ancienne notion du contrat : le moment de sa conclusion. En effet, d'après eux, l'absence de contrat justifie que l'on applique le principe général de responsabilité délictuelle. Pourtant, la comparaison des régimes colombien et français montre la fragilité de ce raisonnement face aux nombreuses victimes des vices du consentement qui, de plus en plus, préfèrent l'indemnisation du dommage à la nullité du contrat. Une fragilité qui se révèle d‟autant plus évidente face aux dommages-intérêts qui sont accordés par les juges dans des contrats bel et bien formés, mais qui ne correspondent pas aux fautes dans l'exécution des obligations qui en découlent, mais aux fautes au stade de sa formation. En essence, l'identification des points de convergence ou de divergence de ces droits au stade de la formation du contrat, et leur comparaison par rapport aux mutations du régime de la bonne foi semblent, en effet, contribuer au renforcement de la responsabilité précontractuelle en tant qu'institution autonome
Pre-contractual liability is derived from the transfer of the duty of the contracting parties to act in good faith from the contract performance phase to the contract formation phase. This transfer was carried out in Colombia by legislative action through the 1971 Commerce Code and in France, by jurisprudence. Nevertheless, the repressive nature of liability during contract formation is still interpreted as simply a reminiscence of delictual liability, at best, and as a marginal sanction for contractual liability, at worst. The goal of this study in comparative law is to find a criterion that confers autonomy and specificity to pre-contractual liability. Therefore, careful analysis by the author led to the discovery that those who insist on denying the existence of pre-contractual liability by linking it to delictual liability have based their argument on a chronological perspective taken from the old notion of contract, i.e., the time of execution. Furthermore, in their view, the absence of a contract justifies the application of the non-contractual liability regime. However, a comparison of the Colombian and French systems on this matter shows the fragility of the argument when faced with the large number of victims of defects of consent who, day after day, prefer indemnification of damages instead of a ruling of nullity of contract. This fragility is much more evident when judges order the indemnification of damages in well-formed contracts, due not to faults related to failure to meet any of the obligations that are derived from them, but to faults originating in the contract formation phase. In essence, finding common ground and discrepancies between the Colombian and French law systems regarding the contract formation phase and comparing them with the mutations of the good faith regime seem to actually contribute to consolidating pre-contractual liability as an autonomous institution

La thèse a pour but l’analyse de l’évolution récente du droit civil français et roumain de la responsabilité civile au cours de la période précontractuelle. Nous avons privilégié une approche comparative entre les deux droits nationaux à la lumière des droits européens. Au cours de la période précontractuelle les parties sont libres de négocier comme elles le veulent, mais sans causer un dommage à leur partenaire. Il y a un lien qui se crée entre les parties et qui ne peut être rompu que conformément au principe de la bonne foi. Nous avons pu constater que le fondement de la responsabilité est assez controversé et varie d’un ordre juridique à l’autre. En effet, la responsabilité civile balance entre sécurité juridique, autonomie privée et liberté contractuelle. En résumé, la phase précontractuelle a connu de profondes transformations au cours de son évolution. À l’heure de l’harmonisation européenne, voire de la globalisation, les droits français et roumain subissent des modifications afin de clarifier des règles de plus en plus compliquées et notamment celles relatives à la responsabilité civile précontractuelle
The thesis finds its main purpose in the study of the recent evolution of French and Romanian civil law of liability during the pre-contractual period. We favored a comparative approach between national rights, in the light of European laws. During the pre-contractual period, the parties are free to negotiate as they please, as long as they do not cause damage to their partner. A bond is created between the parties and it can only be broken in accordance with the principle of good faith. We noted that the basis of liability is fairly controversial and varies from one legal system to another. Indeed, the civil liability is balances between legal security, private autonomy and freedom of contract. In summary, the pre-contractual phase has experienced profound transformations in its evolution. At the time of European harmonization, or even globalization, French and Romanian law undergo modifications in order to clarify the most complicated rules, in particular those relating to pre- contractual civil liability

The purpose of my thesis is to consider the importance of culpa in contrahendo which does not have a long tradition in the Czech law. However, since the 1 January 2014 it has become enshrined the Czech legal system. The instrument of culpa in contrahendo is connected with the need to protect the good faith of the parties to a contract which is an essential principle of modern contract law, particularly in continental legal systems. Despite the lack of the general duty to act in good faith while negotiating contracts in common law systems, we can see that English or American judges solve the practical problems resulting from dishonesty of one party to the contract through equitable principles such as misrepresentation or promissory estoppel. The importance of protecting good faith is visible even from international contract law documents that are important for the interpretation of national law. Chapter One contains the explanation of culpa in contrahendo as a practical instrument and I distinguish it from pre-contractual liability in the anglo-american legal systems. Despite the differences of the continental and common law systems of law, I consider, on the basis of the laws and court decision analysis, whether the Czech courts, in deciding the pre-contractual liability cases, are getting closer...

Culpa in Contrahendo Resumé The aim of this degree work is to introduce the institute of pre-contractual liability and its practical application. The work focuses on the position of this institute in the Czech legislation, its classification in the system of laws before the recodification of civil law, and its express regulation in Act No. 89/2012 Coll., Civil Code. Much attention is devoted to rulings of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic and its approach to the application of pre-contractual liability in specific cases. The degree work is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter defines the term 'Culpa in contrahendo', describes its origin in the work of a German jurist of genius, Rudolf von Jhering, and outlines the origin of the institute in Roman law. In this chapter is also a description of the first case of pre-contractual liability, 'Linoleumfall', which was resolved by the Imperial Court. The chapter also contains an overview of instances of pre-contractual liability embodied in foreign judicial codes. The second chapter describes the regulation of pre-contractual liability in the Czech body of laws before the recodification of civil law with illustrations of individual facts in issue formerly contained in Act No. 40/1964 Coll., Civil Code, and Act No. 513/1991 Coll., Commercial Code....

Information duty in pre-contractual negotiations Act no. 89/2012 Sb., the Civil Code, has brought many changes into the private law. The new Civil Code within the frame of pre-contractual liability among other things explicitly embedded in the provision of Section 1728 Subsection 2 the so called general information duty, i. e. a duty of the contracting parties to notify each other of certain circumstances prior to the conclusion of the contract. The paper aspires to define the term and the scope of general information duty with the help of the comparison of approaches toward this duty in other states and with the help of existing judicial (both Czech and foreign) decision making. In certain aspects, documents of European Contract Law were also taken into account owing to the fact that the European Contract Law was used in the process of drafting the valid and effective Civil Code. Even though many sources were used while writing the paper, the scope of general information duty could not be definitely determined. With respect to the fact that no explicit and distinct limits of this duty are set, the main source of knowledge will be judicial decision making which should take a consistent attitude toward a complex issue of general information duty which is inseparably related to the Economic Analysis of Law....

The topic of this Master's degree thesis is "Legal consequences of breach of contract in civil law". The aim of this thesis is especially to analyse the legal consequences of the breach of contract under civil law. The text is divided into six chapters. Each chapter characterizes the particular consequence of the breach of contract. Each chapter also shows main differences and and possible advantages or disadvantages its enactment in the new Civil Code that came into effect on 1st January 2014. The first chapter deals with the pre-contractual liability. This chapter includes description of the pre- contractual negotiation and its main elements recognized within the framework of the Czech legal system. The chapter two analyzes aspects of delay in civil commitments in the law system of the Czech Republic with focus on the consequences a delay may cause. The third chapter explains essential points of the withdrawal from a contract. The fourth chapter describes and analyzes the legal institute of liability for defects, the issues regarding the liability for defect, its impact and also mentions some practical aspects related to it.Chapter five deals with the civil liability for damage. The aim of this chapter is to provide a basic overviewand to clarify crucial aspects of this legal institute. Chapter six...

The times when closing of the contract was as simple as making an offer and receiving its acceptance are long over now. A variuosly long period preceeds an establishment of a contractual relationship. During such period, when a contract is being formed, the parties exchange their requests or essential information and negotiate the content of the contract. The longer this pre-contractual negotiation lasts, the more time, money or other means parties invest in good faith that they shall be compensated once the contract is concluded. In case the closing of the contract is not going to occur, because of a party's unfair dealings, the party in harm shall be entitled to engage liability of the other contractor. In these circumstances, the party in harm shall base its claim on a pre-contractual liability, also referred to as culpa in contrahendo. Apart from determining the pre-contractual obligations and liability for their breach in general fashion, the subject matter of this thesis is mainly an effective comparison of Czech and French relevant legal regulation. Since the legislation does not currently regulate the issue of pre-contractual liability, this thesis is focused primarily on the case law issued by courts from both states. In particular, the thesis analyzes the case law of the Czech Supreme...

Pre-Contractual Liability (Culpa in Contrahendo) Summary The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the issue of pre-contractual liability from the microcomparative perspective which subsequently serves as the tool to characterise the main features of pre-contractual liability in the realm of Czech Civil and Commercial Codes. The reason for my research is to prove the existence and importance of pre-contractual liability in the Czech legal order as well as in the sphere of the European Union in the light of its respective case laws. The thesis is composed of five chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of negotiation stage and pre-contractual liability. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology, methodology used in the thesis, scope, and aims. Chapter Two examines chosen foreign legal regulations of pre-contractual liability. The essential attention is given to Germany, Austria, and Switzerland as those legal systems are very close to the Czech one (historically and geographically). The French view is also considered because legislators seek to prepare the reform of obligation laws. Finally, common law of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America is discussed and challenged because of its adverse approach to pre-contractual liability....

Breaking-off contract negotiations without justifiable grounds Abstract The thesis at hand deals with Sec. 1729 of the Civil Code which governs the liability for breaking-off contract negotiations without justifiable grounds. Its aim is to interpret the afore-said provision that forms an inherent part of the newly introduced regulation of pre-contractual liability. The thesis discusses both the conditions for establishing the liability for breaking-off contract negotiations and concurrently the legal consequences thereof. The difficulties in terms of interpretation, incidental to the introduction of this provision, are attempted to be solved by use of theological interpretative method and inspiration drawn from the comparative study of German and Austrian state of law. Finally, the thesis strives for analysing the case-law of the Czech Supreme Court related to the previous legislation and answering a question to which extent the conclusions previously arrived at by this court may be uphold following the recodification process. The thesis is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter emphasizes the importance and role of the principles of freedom of contract and good faith which are crucial for better understanding of culpa in contrahendo. It also elaborates, albeit in general terms, on the matter of...

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
A responsabilidade pré-contratual do Estado por atos ilícitos praticados no âmbito do procedimento de formação dos contratos públicos, prevista no art. 7.º, n.º 2, da Lei n.º 67/2007, é fruto da estipulação do Direito da União Europeia constante nas Diretivas n.º 89/665/CEE e 92/13/CEE. As referidas estipulações, denominadas de Diretivas Recursos, coordenam, respectivamente, os contratos de direito público de obras de fornecimentos e os contratos de direito público que operam nos setores da água, da energia, dos transportes e dos serviços postais, os quais foram transpostos pelo direito interno para o Código de Contratos Públicos e para o Código de Processo dos Tribunais Administrativos. A matéria, embora prevista no Regime da Responsabilidade Civil Extracontratual do Estado, possui um regime próprio, distinto, em alguns pontos, do clássico modelo extracontratual. Entretanto, alguns de seus conceitos são extraídos da própria extracontratualidade como, por exemplo, as questões atinentes à ilicitude que não mais se limita à antijuridicidade. Todavia, essa ilicitude acaba por assumir algumas particularidades assentes na posição jurídica dos candidatos ou concorrentes participantes no procedimento de contratação pública e torna-se objeto de grande discussão no tocante às normas formais e, por conseguinte, às formalidades não essenciais e às ilegalidades sanáveis. A matéria apresenta uma substituição do critério da culpa até então adotado por um método mais consentâneo com o Direito Administrativo, o que permite o seu enquadramento no âmbito objetivo da responsabilidade. Assume, ainda, uma noção de causalidade perspectivada numa possibilidade real e admite uma indenização com base no interesse contratual negativo ou positivo, a depender do ilícito praticado.
Pre-contractual liability of the State for unlawful practices during the public procurement procedure, legislated in art. 7 (2) of Law 67/2007, is a result of the stipulation of European Union Law contained in Directives 89/665/EEC and 92/13/EEC. These stipulations, known as the Resources Directives, respectively coordinate the public works, supply contracts and public procurement operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services sectors, which were transposed by national law into the Public Contracts Code and the Procedure Code of the Administrative Courts. The subject, although foreseen in the State and other Public Entities' Extra-contractual Civil Liability, has its own regime, distinct in some aspects from the classic non-contractual model. However, some of its concepts are extracted from its own extracontractuality, for example matters of the unlawfulness that no longer restrict themselves to anti-legality. Neverthless, this unlawfulness assumes some particularities based on the legal position of the candidates or tenderers participating in the public procurement procedure and becomes the subject of much discussion as far as formal standards are concerned, and therefore non-essential formalities and remedy defect. The theme presents a substitution of the standard of fault hitherto adopted by a method more in line with Administrative Law, which allows it to be framed within the objective scope of liability. It also assumes a notion of prospective causality in a real possibility and admits compensation based on negative or positive contractual interest, depending on the unlawful practice.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
Muito se discute, na doutrina e jurisprudência, questões relativas à cessação do contrato de franquia e suas consequências no ordenamento jurídico interno e comunitário. Entretanto, poucos ordenamentos jurídicos consagram normas referentes à fase pré-contratual e a formação dos contratos de franquia. No presente trabalho pretende-se demonstrar que a maioria dos problemas na fase de execução ou na fase pós-contratual estão conexos a vícios que se iniciam na fase pré-contratual. Busca-se evidenciar que a observância de alguns princípios e a iniciativa das partes pela manutenção do equilíbrio contratual, nessa fase, poderá influir diretamente no bom funcionamento da relação negocial subsequente. Por conseguinte, pretende-se analisar alguns ordenamentos jurídicos avançados no que diz respeito à consagração de deveres pré-contratuais no franchising, especialmente do dever de informação preliminar, em uma análise comparada entre o sistema Português, Espanhol, Brasileiro, Francês e Italiano. Adicionalmente, será ressaltado o tratamento adotado pela Lei Modelo UNIDROIT, de 2002. Para tanto, serão observados institutos e princípios que norteiam a fase preliminar, com ênfase ao dever de boa-fé, transparência, lealdade e informação, de forma a verificar como poderão servir para garantir uma fase preliminar diligente. Desse modo, pretende-se ressaltar a imprescindibilidade do dever de informação para a contratação válida, uma vez que traduz importante instrumento para compensação de eventual desequilíbrio econômico ou jurídico da parte considerada mais vulnerável.
There is a lot of doctrinal and jurisprudential discussion about matters related to the cease of the franchise agreement, and its consequences in the internal and communitarian legal orders. However, few legal orders establish rules concerning the pre-contractual phase and the franchise contract’s formation. In this dissertation, we intent to demonstrate that most of the problems in the execution phase or in the post-contractual phase are connected to defects that begin in the pre-contractual phase. It aims to evidence that the observance of a few principles and the initiative of both parties towards the maintenance of the contractual balance can, in this phase, influence directly in the proper functioning of the subsequent business relation. Therefore, the intent is to analyze a few advanced legal orders regarding the pre-contractual obligations’ establishment in franchising, specially the preliminary information duty, in a compared analysis between the Portuguese, Spanish, Brazilian, French and Italian’ systems. Additionally, the treatment adopted by the Disclosure Law UNIDROIT will be highlighted. To that end, there will be the observation of the preliminary’s phase guiding institutes and principles, emphasizing the obligations of good faith, transparency, loyalty and information, to verify how they can serve as guarantee to a diligent preliminary phase. This way, we intent to highlight the indispensability of the information’s duty for a valid contracting once it translates as an important instrument to compensate for an eventual legal or economical unbalance to the party considered to be most vulnerable.

O presente trabalho incide sobre o regime da responsabilidade pré-contratual, em especial, quando esta responsabilidade tem na sua origem a rutura ilegítima das negociações. Após uma breve análise da evolução histórica do instituto, analisam-se fundamentalmente três aspetos: a tensão entre os princípios em confronto (a autonomia privada e a boa fé); o enquadramento dogmático da responsabilidade pré-contratual, na dualidade dos regimes padrão de responsabilidade (a responsabilidade extracontratual e a responsabilidade contratual); e, finalmente, o modo de cálculo do quantum indemnizatório, aspeto relativamente ao qual se avança com uma proposta que julgo ser inovadora.
The present work focuses on the pre-contractual liability regime, in particular, when this liability has its origin in the illegitimate rupture of the negotiations. After a brief analysis of the historical evolution of the institute, three aspects were fundamentally analyzed: the tension between the two conflicting principles (private autonomy and good faith); the dogmatic framework of pre-contractual liability, in the duality of the standard liability regimes (the non-contractual liability and the contractual liability); and, finally, the method of calculating the compensation quantum, an aspect in relation to which a proposal is put forward that I believe is innovative.

Tendo em conta a importância da Due diligence nos processos de aquisições de empresas, serve a presente dissertação para demonstrar e salientar a referida através da exposição de institutos jurídicos que, não tutelam de forma eficaz o adquirente, sendo necessário colmatar essa falta.
Given the importance of Due diligence in acquisition processes, this dissertation serves to demonstrate and emphasize this exposure of legal institutes that do not effectively protect the acquirer, and it is necessary to fill the lack.