Journal articles: 'Pre-deployment'

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Nissen, Lars R., Karen-Inge Karstoft, Mia S. Vedtofte, Anni B. S. Nielsen, Merete Osler, Erik L. Mortensen, Gunhild T. Christensen, and Søren B. Andersen. "Cognitive ability and risk of post-traumatic stress disorder after military deployment: an observational cohort study." BJPsych Open 3, no. 6 (November 2017): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.117.005736.

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BackgroundStudies of the association between pre-deployment cognitive ability and post-deployment post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have shown mixed results.AimsTo study the inflence of pre-deployment cognitive ability on PTSD symptoms 6–8 months post-deployment in a large population while controlling for pre-deployment education and deployment-related variables.MethodStudy linking prospective pre-deployment conscription board data with post-deployment self-reported data in 9695 Danish Army personnel deployed to different war zones in 1997–2013. The association between pre-deployment cognitive ability and post-deployment PTSD was investigated using repeated-measure logistic regression models. Two models with cognitive ability score as the main exposure variable were created (model 1 and model 2). Model 1 was only adjusted for pre-deployment variables, while model 2 was adjusted for both pre-deployment and deployment-related variables.ResultsWhen including only variables recorded pre-deployment (cognitive ability score and educational level) and gender (model 1), all variables predicted post-deployment PTSD. When deployment-related variables were added (model 2), this was no longer the case for cognitive ability score. However, when educational level was removed from the model adjusted for deployment-related variables, the association between cognitive ability and post-deployment PTSD became significant.ConclusionsPre-deployment lower cognitive ability did not predict post-deployment PTSD independently of educational level after adjustment for deployment-related variables.

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Pyne, Jeffrey M., Joseph I. Constans, Mark D. Wiederhold, Douglas P. Gibson, Timothy Kimbrell, Teresa L. Kramer, Jeffery A. Pitcock, et al. "Heart rate variability: Pre-deployment predictor of post-deployment PTSD symptoms." Biological Psychology 121 (December 2016): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.10.008.

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Syed Sheriff, Rebecca, Miranda Van Hooff, Gin Malhi, Blair Grace, and Alexander McFarlane. "Childhood trauma and the impact of deployment on the development of mental disorder in military males." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 5 (April 5, 2019): 818–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719000655.

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AbstractBackgroundChildhood adversity is associated with mental disorder following military deployment. However, it is unclear how different childhood trauma profiles relate to developing a post-deployment disorder. We investigated childhood trauma prospectively in determining new post-deployment probable disorder.MethodsIn total, 1009 Regular male ADF personnel from the Australian Defence Force (ADF) Middle East Area of Operations (MEAO) Prospective Study provided pre- and post-deployment self-report data. Logistic regression and generalised structural equation modelling were utilised to examine associations between childhood trauma and new post-deployment probable disorder and possible mediator pathways through pre-deployment symptoms.ResultsThere were low rates of pre-deployment probable disorder. New post-deployment probable disorder was associated with childhood trauma, index deployment factors (combat role and deployment trauma) and pre-deployment symptoms but not with demographic, service or adult factors prior to the index deployment (including trauma, combat or previous deployment). Even after controlling for demographic, service and adult factors prior to the index deployment as well as index deployment trauma, childhood trauma was still a significant determinant of new post-deployment probable disorder. GSEM demonstrated that the association between interpersonal childhood trauma and new post-deployment probable disorder was fully mediated by pre-deployment symptoms. This was not the case for those who experienced childhood trauma that was not interpersonal in nature.ConclusionsTo determine the risk of developing a post-deployment disorder an understanding of the types of childhood trauma encountered is essential, and pre-deployment symptom screening alone is insufficient

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MARX, BRIAN P., SUSAN DORON-LAMARCA, SUSAN P. PROCTOR, and JENNIFER J. VASTERLING. "The influence of pre-deployment neurocognitive functioning on post-deployment PTSD symptom outcomes among Iraq-deployed Army soldiers." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 15, no. 6 (November 2009): 840–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617709990488.

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AbstractThis study evaluated associations between pre-deployment neurocognitive performance and post-deployment posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of deployed active duty Army soldiers. As part of a larger longitudinal study, each participant completed baseline measures of memory, executive attention, and response inhibition, and baseline and post-deployment self-report measures of PTSD symptom severity. Data were subjected to multiple regression analyses that examined associations between baseline neurocognitive performances and longitudinal PTSD symptom outcome. Results revealed that pre-trauma immediate recall of visual information was associated with post-deployment PTSD symptom severity, even after controlling for pre-deployment PTSD symptom levels, combat intensity, age, gender, and test-retest interval. There was also an interaction between pre-deployment PTSD symptom severity and pre-deployment immediate visual recall and verbal learning, indicating that neurocognitive performances were more strongly (and negatively) associated with residualized post-deployment PTSD symptoms at higher levels of pre-deployment PTSD symptoms. These findings highlight the potential role of pre-trauma neurocognitive functioning in moderating the effects of trauma exposure on PTSD symptoms.(JINS, 2009, 15, 840–852.)

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Brearley, Matt B. "Pre-deployment Heat Acclimatization Guidelines for Disaster Responders." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 31, no. 1 (December 9, 2015): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15005476.

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AbstractIntroductionMinimal preparation time is a feature of responding to sudden onset disasters. While equipment and supplies are prepared for deployment at short notice, less is known of the physical preparation of medical responders. With many disaster-prone areas classified as tropical regions, there is potential for responders to endure a combination of high ambient temperatures and relative humidity during deployment. Heat acclimatization, defined as the physiological and perceptual adaptations to frequent elevations of core body temperature (Tc), is a key strategy to improve tolerance of hot conditions by medical responders.MethodsPre-deployment heat acclimatization guidelines were developed based upon the duration of physical training and the subjective rate of perceived exertion (session RPE). An objective of individual training sessions was the perception of body temperature as warm to hot. The guidelines were implemented for Team Bravo (2nd rotation) of the Australian Medical Assistance Team (AusMAT) deployed to Tacloban, Philippines following Typhoon Haiyan in November 2013. The guidelines were distributed electronically five to seven days prior to deployment and were followed by a consultation. A group training session in hot conditions was undertaken prior to departure.ResultsThe AusMAT responders to utilize the guidelines were based in cool or temperate climates that required extra layers of clothing, training during warmer parts of the days, or warm indoor conditions to achieve session objectives. Responders reported the guidelines were simple to use, applicable to their varied training regimens, and had improved their confidence to work in the heat despite not completing the entire 14 day period.ConclusionThe pre-deployment heat acclimatization guidelines provided AusMAT responders the ability to quantify their physical training and promoted physiological adaptations to maximize health, safety, and performance during deployment. While maintaining year-round heat acclimatization is considered essential for medical responders, these guidelines may facilitate beneficial adaptations once notified of deployment.BrearleyMB. Pre-deployment heat acclimatization guidelines for disaster responders. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(1):85–89.

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Miller, K. E., E. M. Boland, E. A. Klingaman, and P. R. Gehrman. "0462 Identifying and Characterizing Insomnia Symptom Groups Across the Deployment Cycle in Current Army Soldiers." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.459.

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Abstract Introduction Most research conducted on insomnia and its development in military personnel focuses on cross-sectional data, precluding examination of the course of sleep changes over time. The present study characterized Army Soldiers based on insomnia symptom status trajectory from pre to post-deployment and explored baseline factors predictive of these trajectories in a sample of 7,245 soldiers across 3 Brigade Combat Teams. Methods Data were analyzed from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (STARRS)-All-Army Study (AAS) Pre Post Deployment Study, using surveys that captured 1-2 months pre-deployment, during deployment, and 6-months post-deployment. Insomnia symptom status was defined at each timepoint as insomnia symptoms that interfered with one or more domains of functioning at least some of the time in the past month. Theoretically-derived variables linked to sleep disturbance were selected as predictors of insomnia symptom trajectory and evaluated using a general linear selection model. Results Four trajectories characterized the majority of the sample: ‘good sleepers’ (no insomnia symptoms across time; 44.4%), ‘non-remitting new onset insomnia’ (no pre-deployment insomnia, developed insomnia symptoms during deployment that remained at 6 months; 22.8%), ‘deployment-only insomnia symptoms’ (no pre-deployment insomnia, developed insomnia during deployment but recovered by follow-up; 12.8%), and ‘chronic insomnia’ (insomnia both pre- and post-deployment; 7.4%). Several pre-deployment factors predicted insomnia trajectory, the strongest of which were past six-month attention deficit disorder symptoms, number of lifetime exposures to potentially traumatic events, and past month depression symptoms. Conclusion Insomnia is one of the most common reasons that military personnel seek behavioral health treatment and is associated with poorer military readiness. Better characterization and identification of insomnia symptoms over time can improve intervention during post-deployment transitions, particularly for those with new onset insomnia that does not remit. Support Cooperative agreement U01MH087981 (Department of the Army; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Clinical Science Research and Development-IK2CX001874-PI:Katherine E. Miller, IK2CX001501-PI:Elaine M. Boland; Rehabilitation Research and Development-1IK2RX001836-PI:Elizabeth A. Klingaman. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent the Department of Veterans Affairs.

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Radue, C., and E. E. van Dyk. "Pre-deployment evaluation of amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 91, no. 2-3 (January 2007): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2006.07.007.

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Levi-Belz, Y., and G. Zerach. "Moral Injury and Pre-Deployment Personality Factors as Contributors to Psychiatric Symptomatology among Combatants: A Two-Year Prospective Study." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1307.

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IntroductionCombatants who are exposed to events which transgress deeply held moral beliefs might face lasting psychopathological outcomes, referred to as Moral Injury (MI). However, knowledge about pre-deployment factors which might moderate the negative consequences of MI is sparse.ObjectivesIn this prospective study, we examined pre-enlistment characteristics and pre-deployment personality factors as possible moderators in the link between exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and psychiatric symptomatology among Israeli active-duty combatants.MethodsA sample of 335 active-duty Israeli combatants participated in a 2.5-year prospective study with three waves of measurements (T1: 12 months before enlistment, T2: 6 months following enlistment- pre deployment, and T3: 18 months following enlistment- post deployment). Participants’ characteristics were assessed via semi-structured interviews (T1) and validated self-report measures of personality factors: emotional regulation, impulsivity, and aggression (T2) and combat exposure, PMIEs, psychiatric symptomology and post traumatic symptoms (T3) between 2019-2021.ResultsPre-enlistment psychiatric difficulties and negative life events contributed to higher exposure to PMIEs post deployment. Higher levels of pre-deployment aggression and lower levels of emotional regulation and impulsivity moderated the association between betrayal, PMIEs and psychiatric symptomology post deployment, above and beyond pre-enlistment psychiatric difficulties and life events.ConclusionsOur results highlight that pre-deployment emotional regulation, impulsivity and aggressiveness levels should be assessed, screened, and identified among combatants, as they all facilitate psychiatric symptomology (and PTSS) after combatants are exposed to PMIEs of betrayal. Such pre-assessment will enable identification of at-risk combatants and might provide them with tailor made preparation regarding moral and ethical situations that should be investigated in future researches.Disclosure of InterestY. Levi-Belz: None Declared, G. Zerach Shareolder of: no, Grant / Research support from: no, Consultant of: no, Employee of: no, Paid Instructor of: no, Speakers bureau of: no

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Pyne, Jeffrey M., Joseph I. Constans, John T. Nanney, Mark D. Wiederhold, Douglas P. Gibson, Timothy Kimbrell, Teresa L. Kramer, et al. "Heart Rate Variability and Cognitive Bias Feedback Interventions to Prevent Post-deployment PTSD: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial." Military Medicine 184, no. 1-2 (July 18, 2018): e124-e132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy171.

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Abstract Introduction There is a long history of pre-deployment PTSD prevention efforts in the military and effective pre-deployment strategies to prevent post-deployment PTSD are still needed. Materials and Methods This randomized controlled trial included three arms: heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB), cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I), and control. The hypothesis was that pre-deployment resilience training would result in lower post-deployment PTSD symptoms compared with control. Army National Guard soldiers (n = 342) were enrolled in the Warriors Achieving Resilience (WAR) study and analyzed. The outcome was PTSD symptom severity using the PTSD Checklist – Military version (PCL) measured at pre-deployment, 3- and 12-month post-deployment. Due to the repeated measures for each participant and cluster randomization at the company level, generalized linear mixed models were used for the analysis. This study was approved by the Army Human Research Protection Office, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Institutional Review Board (IRB), and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System IRB. Results Overall, there was no significant intervention effect. However, there were significant intervention effects for subgroups of soldiers. For example, at 3-months post-deployment, the HRVB arm had significantly lower PCL scores than the control arm for soldiers with no previous combat zone exposure who were age 30 and older and for soldiers with previous combat zone exposure who were 45 and older (unadjusted effect size −0.97 and −1.03, respectively). A significant difference between the CBM-I and control arms was found for soldiers without previous combat zone exposure between ages 23 and 42 (unadjusted effect size −0.41). Similarly, at 12-months post-deployment, the HRVB arm had significantly lower PCL scores in older soldiers. Conclusion Pre-deployment resilience training was acceptable and feasible and resulted in lower post-deployment PTSD symptom scores in subgroups of older soldiers compared with controls. Strengths of the study included cluster randomization at the company level, use of iPod device to deliver the resilience intervention throughout the deployment cycle, and minimal disruption of pre-deployment training by using self-paced resilience training. Weaknesses included self-report app use, study personnel not able to contact soldiers during deployment, and in general a low level of PTSD symptom severity throughout the study. In future studies, it would important for the study team and/or military personnel implementing the resilience training to be in frequent contact with participants to ensure proper use of the resilience training apps.

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Acheson, Dean T., Brian Kwan, Adam X. Maihofer, Victoria B. Risbrough, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Jacob W. Clark, Xin M. Tu, Michael R. Irwin, and Dewleen G. Baker. "Sleep disturbance at pre-deployment is a significant predictor of post-deployment re-experiencing symptoms." European Journal of Psychotraumatology 10, no. 1 (October 29, 2019): 1679964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2019.1679964.

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Koffel, E., M. D. Kramer, P. A. Arbisi, C. R. Erbes, M. Kaler, and M. A. Polusny. "Personality traits and combat exposure as predictors of psychopathology over time." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 1 (September 8, 2015): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715001798.

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Background.Research suggests that personality traits have both direct and indirect effects on the development of psychological symptoms, with indirect effects mediated by stressful or traumatic events. This study models the direct influence of personality traits on residualized changes in internalizing and externalizing symptoms following a stressful and potentially traumatic deployment, as well as the indirect influence of personality on symptom levels mediated by combat exposure.Method.We utilized structural equation modeling with a longitudinal prospective study of 522 US National Guard soldiers deployed to Iraq. Analyses were based on self-report measures of personality, combat exposure, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms.Results.Both pre-deployment Disconstraint and externalizing symptoms predicted combat exposure, which in turn predicted internalizing and externalizing symptoms. There was a significant indirect effect for pre-deployment externalizing symptoms on post-deployment externalizing via combat exposure (p< 0.01). Negative Emotionality and pre-deployment internalizing symptoms directly predicted post-deployment internalizing symptoms, but both were unrelated to combat exposure. No direct effects of personality on residualized changes in externalizing symptoms were found.Conclusions.Baseline symptom dimensions had significant direct and indirect effects on post-deployment symptoms. Controlling for both pre-exposure personality and symptoms, combat experiences remained positively related to both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Implications for diagnostic classification are discussed.

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Xia, Shulan, Jilin Wang, and Ru-gang Wang. "A Key Pre-distribution Scheme Based on Deployment Information." International Journal of Security and Its Applications 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2015): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsia.2015.9.11.29.

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Sharpley, J. G., N. T. Fear, N. Greenberg, M. Jones, and S. Wessely. "Pre-deployment stress briefing: does it have an effect?" Occupational Medicine 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqm118.

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Hawkes, Clare, and Kimberley Norris. "Time-dependent mood fluctuations in Antarctic personnel: a meta-analysis." Polar Record 53, no. 5 (September 2017): 534–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224741700050x.

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ABSTRACTThe third-quarter phenomenon is the dominant theoretical model to explain the psychological impacts of deployment in Antarctica on personnel. It posits that detrimental symptoms to functioning, such as negative mood, increase gradually throughout deployment and peak at the third-quarter point, regardless of overall deployment length. However, there is equivocal support for the model. The current meta-analysis included data from 21 studies (involving 1,826 participants) measuring negative mood during deployment to elucidate this discrepancy. Across studies analyses were conducted on three data types: stratified by month using repeated-measured all time points meta-analytic techniques and pre/post-deployment data for summer/winter deployment seasons. Our results did not support the proposed parameters of the third-quarter phenomenon, as negative mood did not peak at the third-quarter point (August/September) of deployment. Overall effect sizes indicated that negative mood was greater at baseline than the end of deployment for summer and winter deployment seasons. These findings have theoretical and practical implications and should be used to guide future research, assisting in the development and modification of pre-existing prevention and intervention programmes to improve well-being and functioning of personnel during Antarctic deployment.

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Zhang, Yuexin, Li Xu, Xinyi Huang, and Jie Li. "Matrix-based key pre-distribution schemes in WMNs using pre and post deployment knowledge." International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing 20, no. 4 (2015): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijahuc.2015.073438.

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MacManus, D., K. Dean, M. Al Bakir, A. C. Iversen, L. Hull, T. Fahy, S. Wessely, and N. T. Fear. "Violent behaviour in UK military personnel returning home after deployment." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 8 (November 25, 2011): 1663–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711002327.

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BackgroundThere is growing concern about an alleged rise in violent behaviour amongst military personnel returning from deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of violence in a sample of UK military personnel following homecoming from deployment in Iraq and to examine the impact of deployment-related experiences, such as combat trauma, on violence, and the role of sociodemographics and pre-enlistment antisocial behaviour.MethodThis study used baseline data from a cohort study of a large randomly selected sample of UK Armed Forces personnel in service at the time of the Iraq war (2003). Regular personnel (n=4928) who had been deployed to Iraq were included. Data, collected by questionnaire, included information on deployment experiences, sociodemographic and military characteristics, pre-enlistment antisocial behaviour, post-deployment health outcomes and a self-report measure of physical violence in the weeks following return from deployment.ResultsPrevalence of violence was 12.6%. This was strongly associated with pre-enlistment antisocial behaviour [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9–4.4]. After controlling for pre-enlistment antisocial behaviour, sociodemographics and military factors, violence was still strongly associated with holding a combat role (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6–2.5) and having experienced multiple traumatic events on deployment (aOR for four or more traumatic events 3.7, 95% CI 2.5–5.5). Violence on homecoming was also associated with mental health problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder (aOR 4.8, 95% CI 3.2–7.2) and alcohol misuse (aOR 3.1, 95% CI 2.5–3.9).ConclusionsExperiences of combat and trauma during deployment were significantly associated with violent behaviour following homecoming in UK military personnel. Post-deployment mental health problems and alcohol misuse are also associated with increased violence.

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Morris, Michael J., Andrew J. Skabelund, Frederic A. Rawlins, Roger A. Gallup, James K. Aden, and Aaron B. Holley. "Study of Active Duty Military Personnel for Environmental Deployment Exposures: Pre- and Post-Deployment Spirometry (STAMPEDE II)." Respiratory Care 64, no. 5 (January 8, 2019): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.06396.

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Rohde, Ulrich, Thomas Rüther, and Dieter Leyk. "Basic military fitness: Validation of a pre-deployment assessment tool." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 20 (November 2017): S78—S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.180.

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Mäkinen, Tytti H., Sari M. Miettinen, and W. George Kernohan. "Mental Well-being Considerations in Preparation for Disaster Health Care: Learning From Deployment." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 4 (June 8, 2015): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1500477x.

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AbstractIntroductionThe mental well-being of internationally deployed disaster-relief workers has become an issue of concern. The psychological consequences for the relief worker being exposed to trauma and threats have been well documented; however, the role of pre-deployment preparation in supporting mental well-being has not received due attention, despite research indicating the need for it.Hypothesis/ProblemThis case series examines the experiences of deployed volunteers of one emergency-relief organization. The aim of this research was to identify the participants’ interpretations of the appropriateness of the pre-deployment preparation they had received in light of supporting their mental well-being during and after deployment.The main research questions were: How appropriate was pre-deployment preparation in supporting mental well-being? What elements were lacking, and what else would be useful?MethodsUsing a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, thematic, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six deployed volunteers of an international emergency-relief organization. Data were analyzed using content analysis.ResultsThe participants in this study regarded the pre-deployment preparation they had received, on the whole, as appropriate in supporting their mental well-being. The seven main themes identified as important and supportive of mental well-being were: (1) realistic expectations, (2) team building and support, (3) self-awareness and self-care, (4) post-deployment support, (5) practical skills and creative solutions, (6) shared values and beliefs, and (7) safety and security. Specific areas identified as lacking within these themes included communication, self-care, post-deployment support, and safety and security.ConclusionThemes identified as important for supporting mental well-being in this research largely were consistent with those in previous research. The generally positive experiences of the support received do not reflect results from existing research, where significant shortcomings in worker support have been expressed. However, important elements were also identified as lacking in this specific pre-deployment preparation.MäkinenTH,MiettinenSM,KernohanWG.Mental well-being considerations in preparation for disaster health care: learning from deployment.Prehosp Disaster Med.2015;30(4):110.

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Koreerat, Nicholas R., and Christina M. Koreerat. "Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Injuries in a Security Force Assistance Brigade Before, During, and After Deployment." Military Medicine 186, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2021): 704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa334.

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ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs) are specialized units designed to strengthen allied and partnered nations through advising, supporting, liaising, and assessing in support of U.S. national security interests and combatant commanders’ war fighting objectives. As the 1st SFAB was the pioneer unit, descriptive analysis of the musculoskeletal injures and body regions occurring before, during, and after deployment was previously unavailable, limiting the ability of embedded holistic health and fitness teams to proactively address the unit’s musculoskeletal needs and medical readiness.Materials and MethodsPhysical therapists collected and retrospectively analyzed data from 4597 encounters over 19 months: 4 months before, 9 months during, and 4 months after deployment using descriptive statistics.ResultsPhysical therapy encounters averaged 124 per month during pre-deployment preparation, 363 per month during deployment, and 206 per month post-deployment. The most common musculoskeletal injuries identified during pre-deployment were to the lumbar spine (31.8%), knee (18.1%), and shoulder (9.1%). The most common areas of injury during deployment were to the lumbar spine (28.4%), thoracic spine (18.3%), and shoulder (14.0%). The most common post-deployment injuries consulted were to the lumbar spine (21.3), shoulder (19.6%), and knee (17.8%).ConclusionMusculoskeletal injuries are a concern that may limit medical readiness in the SFABs in the time of before, during, and after deployment. Low back pain is the primary musculoskeletal injury of the 1st SFAB throughout the entire deployment cycle. Based on these findings, recommendations include embedding injury prevention programs to address low back pain to improve medical readiness. More research is required to assess the effectiveness of these programs in reducing incidents of musculoskeletal injuries before, during, and after deployment cycles.

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Forbord, Silje, Kristine B. Steinhovden, Torfinn Solvang, Aleksander Handå, and Jorunn Skjermo. "Effect of seeding methods and hatchery periods on sea cultivation of Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae): a Norwegian case study." Journal of Applied Phycology 32, no. 4 (October 23, 2019): 2201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-019-01936-0.

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Abstract To reach the goal of an industrialised macroalgae industry in Norway and other high-cost countries in the near future, a standardised seedling production method to improve quality control and predictability of cultivated biomass is essential. A total of 11 different treatments for seeding twine or rope with meiospores, gametophytes or juvenile sporophytes from the kelp Saccharina latissima were measured for growth (frond length, frond area, biomass yield and density) and protein content after 80 and 120 days at sea. Meiospore- and gametophyte-seeded twines were pre-cultivated in the hatchery for 14–42 days prior to deployment, while juvenile sporophytes of different ages were seeded on ropes directly on the day of deployment using a commercial binder to attach the seedlings. The results showed that seeding with meiospores pre-cultivated in the hatchery for 42 days (S42) before deployment gave significantly longer fronds (77.0 ± 6.7 cm) and a higher biomass yield (7.2 ± 0.1 kg m−1) at sea compared to other treatments. The poorest growth was measured for the direct-seeded sporophytes pre-cultivated in free-floating cultures for 35 days prior to deployment (D35; 34.4 ± 2.4 cm frond length and 1.6 ± 0.4 kg m−1). Image analysis was used to measure the coverage of the twine substrate before deployment, and a correlation was found between substrate coverage and frond length at sea, indicating that this can be used as a tool for quantity and quality control during the hatchery phase and before deployment. The protein content did not reveal any large differences between the treatments after 120 days of cultivation.

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Vasterling, Jennifer J., Kevin Brailey, Susan P. Proctor, Robert Kane, Timothy Heeren, and Molly Franz. "Neuropsychological outcomes of mild traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in Iraq-deployed US Army soldiers." British Journal of Psychiatry 201, no. 3 (September 2012): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.096461.

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BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a concern of contemporary military deployments. Whether milder TBI leads to enduring impairment remains controversial.AimsTo determine the influence of deployment TBI, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms on neuropsychological and functional outcomes.MethodA sample of 760 US Army soldiers were assessed pre- and post-deployment. Outcomes included neuropsychological performances and subjective functional impairment.ResultsIn total, 9% of the participants reported (predominantly mild) TBI with loss of consciousness between pre- and post-deployment. At post-deployment, 17.6% of individuals with TBI screened positive for PTSD and 31.3% screened positive for depression. Before and after adjustment for psychiatric symptoms, TBI was significantly associated only with functional impairment. Both PTSD and depression symptoms adjusted for TBI were significantly associated with several neuropsychological performance deficits and functional impairment.ConclusionsMilder TBI reported by deployed service members typically has limited lasting neuropsychological consequences; PTSD and depression are associated with more enduring cognitive compromise.

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Schumm, Walter R., and D. Bruce Bell. "Soldiers at Risk for Individual Readiness or Morale Problems during a Six-Month Peacekeeping Deployment to the Sinai." Psychological Reports 87, no. 2 (October 2000): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.2.623.

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Longitudinal data were examined to predict soldiers' morale, satisfaction with Army life, and the effects of family issues on performance of duties during an overseas deployment (Sinai peacekeeping force during the spring of 1995). Few variables were significant predictors of the outcome measures; however, rank, leaders' support for families, prior satisfaction with Army life and with information released about the deployment appeared to predict better outcomes during the deployment. Rank and leaders' support for families appeared to be more important for married soldiers while satisfaction with predeployment information seemed to be more important for single soldiers. Those who were worried about the effects of the deployment on their families also tended to report interference with their duty performance because of family concerns, but that effect was offset by perceived leaders' concern for families. In conclusion, it appears to the authors that the pre-existing factors studied had much less to do with deployment outcomes than did leadership success before and during the deployment. That's good news for Army leaders about their power to have a positive effect on soldiers' morale during overseas deployments but may be bad news for anyone hoping to find a “magic bullet” for pre-identification of soldiers most likely to retain high morale, regardless of their leadership's competence during an overseas deployment.

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Fong, Anthony, Valerie Rzepka, Jeanne LeBlanc, David Thanh, Sarah Scott, Daniel Kollek, and Nathan Kelly. "Medics, Mercenaries and Miscreants — A review of Canadian Medical Assistance Teams' EMT Type 1 response to the conflict in Ukraine." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 38, S1 (May 2023): s37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x23001346.

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Introduction:On February 24, 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine, resulting in Europe’s largest refugee crisis since World War II. More than six million Ukrainians fled the country—half of these to Poland—and one-third of the population was internally displaced.Border points became bottlenecks where fatalities were reported—people risked their lives in long queues and subzero temperatures.Method:This presentation focuses on experiential information obtained during a 17-week deployment of EMT Type 1 both at border points (fixed) and in northwestern Ukraine (mobile). Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained after deployment by online survey with 75 medical, logistical and interpreter volunteers.Results:Initial teams experienced extremely fluid demands and numerous challenges with security, team adherence to COVID-19 protocols, behavioral issues with less experienced volunteers, and collaboration with novel governmental and non-governmental partners to achieve objectives.Conclusion:1. Deployment to a conflict setting requires adherence to the Incident Command System, with daily security briefings and structured handover between teams at the beginning of each deployment.2. Strict adherence to well-defined protocols for the prevention and management of emerging infectious risks such as COVID-19 is necessary, along with contingency plans to isolate infected team members.3. There is a need for standardized pre-deployment vetting, training and orientation of all volunteers—particularly team leaders.4. Identification of international partners should start pre-deployment and remain a continuous process during deployment.

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Viboch, Trevor B., Melissa F. Amescua, Douglas M. Jones, Patrick J. Nardulli, Pinata H. Sessoms, Rachel R. Markwald, Dale W. Russell, and Lynn A. Cialdella-Kam. "Pre-deployment Vitamin D And Nutritional Status In Us Navy Sailors." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 54, no. 9S (September 2022): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000878872.27273.5a.

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Carson, Lisa. "Pre-deployment ‘gender’ training and the lack thereof for Australian peacekeepers." Australian Journal of International Affairs 70, no. 3 (April 12, 2016): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2015.1133561.

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Parsons, Iain T., M. P. Rawden, and R. J. Wheatley. "Development of pre-deployment primary healthcare training for Combat Medical Technicians." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 160, no. 3 (October 28, 2013): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2013-000131.

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Zhou, Yucai, Tong Wang, and Yunfeng Wang. "A novel WSN key pre-distribution scheme based on group-deployment." International Journal of Sensor Networks 15, no. 3 (2014): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsnet.2014.063894.

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Polak, Suzanne, Mark S. Riddle, David R. Tribble, Adam W. Armstrong, Manal Mostafa, and Chad K. Porter. "Pre-deployment vaccinations and perception of risk among US military personnel." Human Vaccines 7, no. 7 (July 2011): 762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.7.7.15574.

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WILDING, T. "Evaluating artificial reef performance: approaches to pre- and post-deployment research." ICES Journal of Marine Science 59 (October 2002): S222—S230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2002.1266.

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Harbertson, Judith, Braden R. Hale, Eren Y. Watkins, Nelson L. Michael, and Paul T. Scott. "Pre-deployment Alcohol Misuse Among Shipboard Active-Duty U.S. Military Personnel." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 51, no. 2 (August 2016): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.02.029.

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Hovelja, Tomaž, Olegas Vasilecas, Diana Kalibatienė, and Rok Rupnik. "EVALUATING ORGANIZATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS COMPLEMENTARY WITH ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE PRODUCTS." Journal of Business Economics and Management 21, no. 3 (May 12, 2020): 890–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.12443.

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Implementation, deployment and maintenance of enterprise software pre-configured products are one of the key challenges managers need to address in order to stay competitive in the never ending search to find better ways of conducting business. In the literature there are discovered two general approaches through which managers can use for a successful implementation, deployment and maintenance of enterprise software products. First approach is based on the internal re-deployment of the managerial practices that are already used to manage other fields in the enterprise. Second – the deployment of “world-wide” industry “best practices” that international vendors of enterprise software and their local representatives sell as part of their pre-configured software products. This paper presents a novel model that enables enterprises to systematically evaluate the fit between their specific organizational characteristics and the organizational characteristics complementary with successful deployment of international pre-configured enterprise software products. The proposed model is tested through a comparison of two groups of enter-prises from the population of 1000 biggest enterprises in Slovenia. The first group mostly invests in local, while the second group mostly invests in international enterprise software products. The paper finds that on average there are significant and relevant differences in 44% of the examined organizational characteristics between the groups of enterprises that mostly invest in international or local enterprise software products. The model serves as a comprehensive organizational risk checklist for enterprises that are about to invest in enterprise software products.

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Koffel, Erin, Melissa A. Polusny, Paul A. Arbisi, and Christopher R. Erbes. "Pre-deployment daytime and nighttime sleep complaints as predictors of post-deployment PTSD and depression in National Guard troops." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 27, no. 5 (June 2013): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.07.003.

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Klomp, Richard W., Laurie Jones, Emi Watanabe, and William W. Thompson. "CDC’s Multiple Approaches to Safeguard the Health, Safety, and Resilience of Ebola Responders." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 35, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19005144.

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AbstractOver 27,000 people were sickened by Ebola and over 11,000 people died between March of 2014 and June of 2016. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; Atlanta, Georgia USA) was one of many public health organizations that sought to stop this outbreak. This agency deployed almost 2,000 individuals to West Africa during that timeframe. Deployment to these countries exposed these individuals to a wide variety of dangers, stressors, and risks.Being concerned about the at-risk populations in Africa, and also the well-being of its professionals who willingly deployed, the CDC did several things to help safeguard the health, safety, and resilience of these team members before, during, and after deployment.The accompanying special report highlights innovative pre-deployment training initiatives, customized screening processes, and post-deployment outreach efforts intended to protect and support the public health professionals fighting Ebola. Before deploying, the CDC team members were expected to participate in both internally-created and externally-provided trainings. These ranged from pre-deployment briefings, to Preparing for Work Overseas (PFWO) and Public Health Readiness Certificate Program (PHRCP) courses, to Incident Command System (ICS) 100, 200, and 400 courses.A small subset of non-clinical deployers also participated in a three-day training designed in collaboration with the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress (CSTS; Bethesda, Maryland USA) to train individuals to assess and address the well-being and resilience of themselves and their teammates in the field during a deployment. Participants in this unique training were immersed in a Virtual Reality Environment (VRE) that simulated deployment to one of seven different types of emergencies.The CDC leadership also requested a pre-deployment screening process that helped professionals in the CDC’s Occupational Health Clinic (OHC) determine whether or not individuals were at an increased risk of negative outcomes by participating in a rigorous deployment at that time.When deployers returned from the field, they received personalized invitations to participate in a voluntary, confidential, post-deployment operational debriefing one-on-one or in a group.Implementing these approaches provided more information to clinical decision makers about the readiness of deployers. It provided deployers with a greater awareness of the kinds of challenges they were likely to face in the field. The post-deployment outreach efforts reminded staff that their contributions were appreciated and there were resources available if they needed help processing any of the potentially-traumatizing things they may have experienced.

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Levä, Tapio, Antti Riikonen, Juuso Töyli, and Heikki Hämmäinen. "A Framework for Measuring the Deployment of Internet Protocols." International Journal of IT Standards and Standardization Research 12, no. 1 (January 2014): 38–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitsr.2014010103.

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Internet protocols spread to potential adopters through several successive phases of implementation, commercialization, acquisition, and adoption of the protocol. This process of protocol deployment involves several stakeholders and varies depending on the deployment environment and the protocol in question. This complexity and the lack of comprehensive measurement studies call for a further conceptualization of measuring protocol diffusion along the whole deployment process. Therefore, this article develops a framework for measuring the deployment of Internet protocols, consisting of deployment steps, deployment models, deployment measures, and data sources. The measures are further linked to each other through deployment gaps and delays. In order to demonstrate the framework, it is used to assess how a set of pre-installed protocols spread in the Finnish mobile market. The framework highlights the differences between the deployment models and the importance to use both the deployment measures and gaps in the analysis of protocol success. Furthermore, the illustrative results indicate that protocol deployment is driven by applications, and show the existence of large deployment gaps between the protocol possession and usage. The results are relevant especially to researchers interested in holistically analyzing protocol deployment and protocol developers for measuring and improving the success of their protocols.

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So, Christine, Katherine Miller, and Philip Gehrman. "0413 Neuroticism interacts with stressful experiences during deployment to predict post-deployment insomnia." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A182—A183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0413.

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Abstract Introduction Negative affect traits, such as neuroticism, have been shown to be associated with greater risk for insomnia. These trait-based factors are theorized to increase stress reactivity, which can be a predisposing factor to insomnia. Military personnel represent a unique population that are subject to stressors as a nature of their occupations and may therefore be particularly vulnerable to the onset and persistence of insomnia. The present study examined prospective associations among trait-based emotional reactivity and neuroticism, exposure to stressful experiences during a combat deployment, and insomnia symptoms at 9-months post-deployment. Methods Data were obtained from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers Pre-Post Deployment Survey (PPDS). Soldiers included in these analyses (n = 1448) completed surveys prior to deployment to Afghanistan, immediately after deployment, and 9-month post-deployment. The survey included measures of insomnia symptoms, deployment-related stressors and trait-based personality measures. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationships among emotional reactivity, neuroticism and deployment stress with post-deployment insomnia. Results Higher trait-based neuroticism and greater exposure to deployment-related stressors were independently associated with greater risk of probable insomnia at 9-months post-deployment, but not trait-based emotional reactivity . However, there were significant interaction effects, such that among those with greater range of stressful events, neuroticism was associated with higher risk of post-deployment insomnia, while emotional reactivity was associated with lower risk. Conclusion A trait disposition for negative affect (i.e., neuroticism) may predispose individuals to chronic insomnia in the face of acute stressors . While neuroticism includes negative emotional reactivity, it also encompasses other characteristics (e.g., negative self-perception) that may be a stronger predictor of persistent insomnia symptoms. Service members with higher baseline neuroticism may benefit from pre-deployment skills trainings to better cope in the face of stressors and prevent/mitigate long-term problems. Support (if any) This study is based on public use data from Army STARRS (Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan-http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR35197-v1), funded by U.S. NIMH-U01MH087981.

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Fallowfield, Joanne L., Simon K. Delves, Neil E. Hill, Susan A. Lanham-New, Anneliese M. Shaw, Pieter E. H. Brown, Conor Bentley, Duncan R. Wilson, and Adrian J. Allsopp. "Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D fluctuations in military personnel during 6-month summer operational deployments in Afghanistan." British Journal of Nutrition 121, no. 4 (January 3, 2019): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451800346x.

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AbstractSoldier operational performance is determined by their fitness, nutritional status, quality of rest/recovery, and remaining injury/illness free. Understanding large fluctuations in nutritional status during operations is critical to safeguarding health and well-being. There are limited data world-wide describing the effect of extreme climate change on nutrient profiles. This study investigated the effect of hot-dry deployments on vitamin D status (assessed from 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration) of young, male, military volunteers. Two data sets are presented (pilot study, n 37; main study, n 98), examining serum 25(OH)D concentrations before and during 6-month summer operational deployments to Afghanistan (March to October/November). Body mass, percentage of body fat, dietary intake and serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured. In addition, parathyroid hormone (PTH), adjusted Ca and albumin concentrations were measured in the main study to better understand 25(OH)D fluctuations. Body mass and fat mass (FM) losses were greater for early (pre- to mid-) deployment compared with late (mid- to post-) deployment (P<0·05). Dietary intake was well-maintained despite high rates of energy expenditure. A pronounced increase in 25(OH)D was observed between pre- (March) and mid-deployment (June) (pilot study: 51 (sd 20) v. 212 (sd 85) nmol/l, P<0·05; main study: 55 (sd 22) v. 167 (sd 71) nmol/l, P<0·05) and remained elevated post-deployment (October/November). In contrast, PTH was highest pre-deployment, decreasing thereafter (main study: 4·45 (sd 2·20) v. 3·79 (sd 1·50) pmol/l, P<0·05). The typical seasonal cycling of vitamin D appeared exaggerated in this active male population undertaking an arduous summer deployment. Further research is warranted, where such large seasonal vitamin D fluctuations may be detrimental to bone health in the longer-term.

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Stevens, Garry, Simon Byrne, Beverley Raphael, and Richard Ollerton. "Disaster Medical Assistance Teams: What Psychosocial Support is Needed?" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, no. 2 (April 2008): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00005859.

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AbstractObjective:The objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate the perceptions of internationally deployed Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) personnel regarding the psychosocial support needs of these teams.Methods:The DMAT questionnaire was sent to 34 members of Australian medical teams involved in deployments to the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami and the 2006 Java earthquake. Twenty personnel (59%) completed this survey, which reviewed key deployment stressors, specific support strategies, and the support needs of team members, their families, and team leaders. A key aspect of the survey was to determine whether the perceived psychosocial needs would be supported best within with existing provisions and structures, or if they would be enhanced by further provisions, including the deployment of mental health specialists.Results:There was strong support for brief reviews of stress management strategies as part of the pre-deployment briefing, and access to written stress management information for both team members and their families. However, more comprehensive provisions, including pre-deployment, stressmanagement training programs for personnel and intra-deployment family support programs, received lower levels of support. The availability of mental health-related training for the team leader role and access to consultation with mental health specialists was supported, but this did not extend to the actual deployment of mental health specialists.Conclusions:In this preliminary study, clear trends toward the maintenance of current mental health support provisions and the role of the DMAT leader were evident. A follow-up study will examine the relationship between teamleader, psychosocial support strategies and team functioning.

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Sher, L. "Suicidal behavior in combat veterans with mood disorders." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (April 2024): S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.101.

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AbstractIntroduction. Military conflicts are ubiquitous. There are many combat veterans around the world. The combat environment is characterized by violence, physical strains, separation from loved ones, and other hardships. Mood disorders and suicidality in combat veterans are a large and important issue.ObjectivesTo discuss the pathophysiology and prevention of suicidal behavior in combat veterans with mood disordersMethods A review of the literature on suicidal behavior in combat veterans with mood disorders including own publications.ResultsCombat deployment may lead to multiple emotional, cognitive, psychosomatic symptoms, mood disorders, suicidal ideation and behavior. Pre-deployment, deployment and post-deployment adversities may increase risk of mood disorders and suicide in combat veterans. The act of killing in combat is a stressor which may raise suicide risk. Combat-related injuries are associated with significantly increased depression and suicide risk. Post-deployment difficulties of reintegrating into civilian life may lead to depression and suicidality. Studies suggest that suicidal behavior in combat veterans may have a neurobiological basis. Prevention of mood disorders and suicide among combat veterans should include pre-deployment screening to exclude individuals with psychiatric disorders; psychological support and prevention of harassment and/or abuse during deployment; psychosocial support after deployment; diagnosing and treating psychiatric and medical disorders including neurological disorders; frequent depression and suicide screening; education of mental and non-mental health clinicians, war veterans, their families and friends regarding signs/symptoms of mood disorders and suicidality; and restriction of access to lethal means.ConclusionCombat veterans are a unique population. They are frequently exposed to psychological, physical, and biological factors which are unusual for civilians or non-combat military veterans. We need to study the specific psychobiology of combat veterans to understand how to develop effective depression and suicide prevention interventions for this population.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

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Ahmed, Mohamed M., Guangchuan Yang, Sherif Gaweesh, Rhonda Young, and Fred Kitchener. "Performance evaluation framework of Wyoming connected vehicle pilot deployment program: summary of Phase 2 pre-deployment efforts and lessons learned." Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jicv-03-2019-0006.

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Purpose This paper aims to present a summary of the performance measurement and evaluation plan of the Wyoming connected vehicle (CV) Pilot Deployment Program (WYDOT Pilot). Design/methodology/approach This paper identified 21 specific performance measures as well as approaches to measure the benefits of the WYDOT Pilot. An overview of the expected challenges that might introduce confounding factors to the evaluation effort was outlined in the performance management plan to guide the collection of system performance data. Findings This paper presented the data collection approaches and analytical methods that have been established for the real-life deployment of the WYDOT CV applications. Five methodologies for assessing 21 specific performance measures contained within eight performance categories for the operational and safety-related aspects. Analyses were conducted on data collected during the baseline period, and pre-deployment conditions were established for 1 performance measures. Additionally, microsimulation modeling was recommended to aid in evaluating the mobility and safety benefits of the WYDOT CV system, particularly when evaluating system performance under various CV penetration rates and/or CV strategies. Practical implications The proposed performance evaluation framework can guide other researchers and practitioners identifying the best performance measures and evaluation methodologies when conducting similar research activities. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research that develops performance measures and evaluation plan for low-volume rural freeway CV system under adverse weather conditions. This paper raised some early insights into how CV technology might achieve the goal of improving safety and mobility and has the potential to guide similar research activities conducted by other agencies.

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Poisson, Chelsey, Sheri Boucher, Domenique Selby, Sylvia P. Ross, Charulata Jindal, Jimmy T. Efird, and Pollie Bith-Melander. "A Pilot Study of Airborne Hazards and Other Toxic Exposures in Iraq War Veterans." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 3299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093299.

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During their deployment to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), many Veterans were exposed to a wide array of toxic substances and psychologic stressors, most notably airborne/environmental pollutants from open burn pits. Service members do not deploy whilst unhealthy, but often they return with a multitude of acute and chronic symptoms, some of which only begin to manifest years after their deployment. Our findings, while preliminary in nature, suggest that Iraq War Veterans who participated in our survey reported a decrease in overall physical fitness and increased respiratory clinical symptoms compared with pre-deployment periods. The objective of this report is to provide information that will benefit how combat Veterans are cared for post-deployment. Strategies for a wider and more comprehensive assessment and medical screening process post-deployment are recommended.

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CONG, Jun, Cheng-gang LIU, Zhong-hua ZHAO, Chao CHEN, and Jiu-sheng WANG. "Organization and management of pre-deployment training for PLA peacekeeping medical units." Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University 35, no. 8 (2014): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1008.2014.00819.

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Pramod, T. C., and N. R. Sunitha. "Key pre-distribution schemes to support various architectural deployment models in WSN." International Journal of Information and Computer Security 8, no. 2 (2016): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijics.2016.078124.

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Costa, Marco. "Pre-deployment, travel health advice for humanitarian health workers: Helping the helpers." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 12, no. 5 (September 2014): 543–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.08.001.

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Jafari, Amirhosein. "A contractor pre-qualification model based on the quality function deployment method." Construction Management and Economics 31, no. 7 (July 2013): 746–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2013.825045.

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PEARN, J. "Pre-deployment Education and Training for Refugee Emergencies: Health and Safety Aspects." Journal of Refugee Studies 10, no. 4 (January 1, 1997): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/10.4.495.

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Kim, Hyungil, and Zachary Doerzaph. "Road User Attitudes Toward Automated Shuttle Operation: Pre and Post-Deployment Surveys." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, no. 1 (September 2022): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661042.

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Various driverless shuttles have been tested via pilot studies worldwide, as they have the potential to fill gaps in public transportation services. However, we presently lack a complete understanding of how people who share the road with such vehicles perceive the new technology, as most studies to date have surveyed the general public (without direct exposure) or riders of automated shuttles. To inform future deployments of such vehicles on public roadways, researchers at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute operated a low- speed automated shuttle and surveyed both shuttle riders and also non-riders before and after their 3 months of exposure to the shuttle operation. The results suggest that even though experience with, and exposure to, the technology gathered trust and acceptance among road users, shuttle riders had more positive attitudes toward shuttle operations than did non-riders. In addition, many people strongly support rules and restrictions governing shuttle operations on public roadways. Future researchers and policymakers could leverage the survey findings for more successful deployments of automated shuttles on public roadways.

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Wooten, Nikki R., Rachel Sayko Adams, Beth A. Mohr, Diana D. Jeffery, Wendy Funk, Thomas V. Williams, and Mary Jo Larson. "Pre-deployment Year Mental Health Diagnoses and Treatment in Deployed Army Women." Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 44, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 582–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10488-016-0744-3.

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Jiang, Weiwei, Haoyu Han, Miao He, and Weixi Gu. "ML-based pre-deployment SDN performance prediction with neural network boosting regression." Expert Systems with Applications 241 (May 2024): 122774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122774.

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Sherman, Eli, and Ian Eisenberg. "AI Risk Profiles: A Standards Proposal for Pre-deployment AI Risk Disclosures." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 21 (March 24, 2024): 23047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i21.30348.

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As AI systems’ sophistication and proliferation have increased, awareness of the risks has grown proportionally. The AI industry is increasingly emphasizing the need for transparency, with proposals ranging from standardizing use of technical disclosures, like model cards, to regulatory licensing regimes. Since the AI value chain is complicated, with actors bringing varied expertise, perspectives, and values, it is crucial that consumers of transparency disclosures be able to understand the risks of the AI system in question. In this paper we propose a risk profiling standard which can guide downstream decision-making, including triaging further risk assessment, informing procurement and deployment, and directing regulatory frameworks. The standard is built on our proposed taxonomy of AI risks, which distills the wide variety of risks proposed in the literature into a high-level categorization. We outline the myriad data sources needed to construct informative Risk Profiles and propose a template and methodology for collating risk information into a standard, yet flexible, structure. We apply this methodology to a number of prominent AI systems using publicly available information. To conclude, we discuss design decisions for the profiles and future work.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pre-deployment'

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