Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pre election debates

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Pre election debates'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Pre election debates"

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Vella, Trina. "General Election Debates – Problems and Solutions." HAPSc Policy Briefs Series 1, no. 2 (2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hapscpbs.26451.

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Pre-election debates are one of the most important steps in the electoral process – indeed, they serve an important public interest as they inform the American public about the issues of the day and offer a forum by which candidate proposed solutions may be heard. However, pre-election debates are led by moderators who generally do not have expertise in many of their key topic areas, such as law or judicial studies; and because of this, the propositions and arguments made by candidates in the pre-election time may be de-contextualized during debates such that the voting public may be misled in
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La Voy, Tommy. "The Locked Gates to Tension City: The Commission on Presidential Debates, the FEC, and the Two-Party System." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 8.2 (2019): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.8.2.locked.

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Since John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon walked into a Chicago television studio for the first general election presidential debate in 1960, candidate debates have been a fundamental aspect of presidential campaigns and have had broader effects on society at large. The Commission on Presidential Debates (“CPD”) has been in charge of organizing the general election debates since it was created in 1987 by the Democratic and Republican parties. In its tenure, the CPD has restricted its massive platform almost every election to the Republican and Democratic candidates through the use of criteria th
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Михеева, Ирина Владимировна, та Татьяна Сергеевна Баран. "Сравнительный анализ реализации коммуникативной стратегии дискредитации в женском англоязычном и франкоязычном политическом дискурсе". Дальневосточный филологический журнал 2, № 4 (2024): 136–50. https://doi.org/10.24866/2949-2580/2024-4/136-150.

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The article deals with electoral discourse as a kind of political discourse, which is gaining more and more importance and influence in the modern world. In democratic societies, pre-election TV debates are one of the most important tools of the election campaign, which can significantly influence the success of a politician and even change the election results. In this regard, the present study aims to identify the peculiarities of the implementation of the communicative strategy of discrediting in the pre-election speeches of English- and French-speaking discursive personalities by comparing
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Valiauskaitė, Aistė. "Elections in the Public Sphere: the Analysis of Lithuanian TV Debates „Lyderių Forumas“." Žurnalistikos Tyrimai 4 (January 1, 2011): 166–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/zt/jr.2011.4.1785.

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The article analyses the information that spreads in the media during the election campaign. It looks at the aspect of promises made by politicians through an academic lens. The definition of a political promise is explained; some insights are devoted to an analysis of the reasons why some promises are more commonly fulfilled. The paper mostly concentrates on the role of the media, combining ideas of media theorists with the investigation of pre-election TV debates “Lyderių forumas”.Keywords: campaign, objectivity, parliamentary elections, political communication, professionalism, promise, tv
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Bourchas, Panagiotis Vasileios, and Georgia Gioltzidou. "Television Debates as a TV Typology: Continuities and Changes in Televised Political Competition—The Case of the 2023 Pre-Election Debates in Greece." Journalism and Media 5, no. 2 (2024): 799–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5020052.

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In the USA, for the first time in the 1960s, and in a very systematic manner from 1976 onwards, pre-election debates (televised presidential debates) have become a fundamental and integral method of communication for political parties, as well as an institution of American democracy that contributes significantly to shaping a culture of public political dialogue at a relatively high level, through which citizens accumulate knowledge about political figures and their parties’ positions within a very short period of time before the elections. In Greece, on the contrary, these television programs
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Floyd, Laura. "Conflicting Communication Strategies of Election Debates in Spanish and Ukrainian Political Discourse." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 38 (2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2020.38.04.

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The article analyzes the conflicting communication strategies of the participants of the election debates in Spain in 2019. The peculiarities of communicative interaction of Spanish politicians in the conditions of political agitation on the eve of the parliamentary elections are considered the main strategies of their interaction are singled out. The purpose of the analysis was to identify and characterize the main communication strategies used by Spanish politicians during the 2019 election campaign during a televised debate. The material of the study was a card index of text fragments of sp
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Floyd, Laura. "Conflicting Communication Strategies of Election Debates in Spanish and Ukrainian Political Discourse." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 38 (2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2020.38.04.

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The article analyzes the conflicting communication strategies of the participants of the election debates in Spain in 2019. The peculiarities of communicative interaction of Spanish politicians in the conditions of political agitation on the eve of the parliamentary elections are considered the main strategies of their interaction are singled out. The purpose of the analysis was to identify and characterize the main communication strategies used by Spanish politicians during the 2019 election campaign during a televised debate. The material of the study was a card index of text fragments of sp
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Zlatanova, Mariana. "Features of Non-verbal Communication in Presidential Election Debates in Bulgaria in 2016." Rhetoric and Communications, no. 58 (January 31, 2024): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.55206/ytat3958.

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Abstract::The performance of successful non-verbal communication in political and communication campaigns is necessary. The activities in election campaigns and in the television debates in particular are to be performed in several aspects: in macro-aspect the body language and the non-verbal communication is a process of creating a successful image for the needs of politics, business and social life, and it can be improved; in micro-aspect – through non-verbal communication as a new form of social distribution and inequality. The object of analysis is a television presidential candidates’ deb
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Singh, Manjari. "Parliamentary Election in Jordan, 2016." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 4, no. 3 (2017): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798917711296.

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The 18th Jordanian parliamentary election held on 20 September 2016 was unique in two respects: one, the Islamic Action Front (IAF) participated in it after boycotting two previous elections (2010 and 2013); and two, demand for economic and political reforms emerged as the most important issue cutting across ideological and political divides. The election was also a reflection of Jordan’s social and political complexities and its extraordinary demography and identity-based politics. The electoral process was largely recognized as free and fair, a significant accomplishment in a region where el
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Botaș, Adina. "Pre-election debates in times of COVID-19: how the virus is used as a weapon in the war for the US presidency." Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 14, no. 2 (2021): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2021.14.2.1.

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This paper proposes a pragma-rhetorical analysis of discourse-in-interaction, focusing on several ironic and sarcastic COVID-related verbal exchanges between the finalists to the most recent presidential election in the US. The sequences submitted to analysis were extracted from the first of the two debates that took place before the election. With a general “negative tone”, according to post-debate tolls, repeatedly labelled by commentators and journalists as “the worst presidential debate ever seen”, the confrontation between the candidates to presidency has numerous moments of reference to
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pre election debates"

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Попова, Олена Володимирівна, Елена Владимировна Попова, Olena Volodymyrivna Popova та О. С. Стовпак. "Лексичне значення та значимість біблеїзмів та вульгаризмів (на матеріалі передвиборчих дебатів США)". Thesis, Cумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47567.

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Останнім часом спостерігається пожвавлення проведення досліджень, зорієнтованих на визначення та інтерпретацію змістовних параметрів скриптів передвиборчого дискурсу. Наукова проблема дослідження полягає у виявленні зв’язків між лексичним значенням та значимістю, смислом біблеїзмів та вульгаризмів у передвиборчих скриптах США.
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Books on the topic "Pre election debates"

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Cozzolino , Jr., Robert E. 2020 Presidential Campaign. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881818005.

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As he has done for each presidential campaign since 1992, Robert E. Denton Jr. gathers a diverse collection of communications scholars to analyze specific areas of the most recent campaign season. Topics include early campaign rhetoric, the nomination process and conventions, candidate strategies, presidential debates, political advertising, the use of new media, and coverage of the campaigns. This volume looks at the 2020 presidential campaign from three perspectives. The first section addresses the major political campaign communication areas, including pre-primary/candidate surfacing, the c
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Kendall, Kathleen. Communication in the Presidential Primaries. Praeger, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400629150.

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In a comparison of communication in the U.S. presidential primaries of the twentieth century, Kendall examines the role of the candidates and the media during the period of primary elections. Drawing upon information from a broad array of sources, Kendall uncovers communication patterns that transcend time regarding political image, horse race coverage, and negative campaigning. She takes a strong communication perspective, arguing that the verbal context of the presidential primaries is an important factor overlooked in traditional studies. Topics covered include the effect of party rules on
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Tomlinson, Jim. Deficits, Debts, and Austerity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786092.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the underpinnings of the ‘debts and deficits’ narrative by looking at the development of Labour’s pre-crisis fiscal policy, then at the nature and significance of the ‘Keynesian moment’ of 2008–9. Following this is an analysis of the Conservatives’ economic policy stances up to 2007/8, and then how they used the crisis to construct an effective narrative in opposition to Labour. The next section looks at the two successive budgets of 2010 and how they sought to define the economic policy options; while the general election of that year polarized economic debate, this sect
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McGough, Michael. A Field Guide to the Culture Wars. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400650796.

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Like any realignment in politics, the Democratic takeover of Congress in the 2006 midterm elections inspired a raft of instant analyses. One take on the results that is surely wrong is that the change in control of Congress and the spike in Democratic hopes for the 2008 presidential race mark an end to the culture wars that conventional wisdom blamed (or credited) for George W. Bush's re-election in 2004. This book sets the stage for a new consideration of the contemporary culture wars by examining their antecedents—from the Scopes trial to Prohibition to the controversy over the Supreme Court
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Fry, Zachery A. A Republic in the Ranks. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654454.001.0001.

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The Union Army of the Potomac was a hotbed of political activity during the Civil War. It proved a source of constant frustration for Abraham Lincoln, and its commander, George B. McClellan, even secured the Democratic nomination for president in 1864. This book uses untapped sources to recast our understanding of soldier ideology and presents the most comprehensive view yet of the army’s political story. It recounts the struggle between Republicans and Democrats for political allegiance among the army’s rank and file, in the process showing that the army’s captains, majors, and colonels spurr
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Siraganian, Lisa. Modernism and the Meaning of Corporate Persons. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868873.001.0001.

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Long before the U.S. Supreme Court announced that corporate persons freely “speak” with money in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010), the Court elaborated the legal fiction of American corporate personhood in Santa Clara v. Southern Pacific Railroad (1886). Yet endowing a non-human entity with certain rights exposed a fundamental philosophical question about the possibility of collective intention. That question extended beyond the law and became essential to modern American literature. This book offers the first multidisciplinary intellectual history of this story of corpora
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Book chapters on the topic "Pre election debates"

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Budzyńska-Daca, Agnieszka, and Renata Botwina. "Pre-election TV debates – persuasive games between ethos, logos, and pathos." In Dialogue Studies. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ds.26.03bud.

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Lobo, Marina Costa. "Consequences of EU Politicisation for Voting in National Elections." In Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29187-6_13.

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AbstractIn this Chapter, the conclusions of the research in the book as a whole are discussed. The book provides very strong multimethod evidence of the ability of voters to express their EU preferences when selecting national representatives at legislative elections, and how media and parliamentary parties condition it. Our double perspective on EU politicisation in the media and parliamentary debates lead to novel findings on the concept. In terms of salience and contestation, we found that the media and parliamentary debates follow different logics, with contestation being substantially hig
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Lam, Eddy, and Clare Schilling. "Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in cN0 Early-Stage Oral Cavity Cancer: What Is the Evidence?" In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-84539-0_8.

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Abstract The significant prognostic impact of regional metastasis in head and neck cancer means accurate pre-treatment staging for the neck is critically important to correctly stratify management. Due to the risk of occult metastasis, treatment of the cN0 neck in patients with early oral cancer has been a matter of intensive research and debate. Surgical excision of the “at risk” lymph nodes by standard elective lymph node dissection (ELND) has superior disease control to observation, however in general there is a move towards minimally invasive and patient specific management. Sentinel lymph
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Fayoyin, Adebayo. "Electoral Polling and Reporting in Africa." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2095-5.ch009.

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Opinion polling during elections plays a pivotal role in influencing the political and media agenda, and can potentially affect voting behaviour. However, evidence from various countries indicates that electoral polls have been characterised by contradictions and contentious debates which undermine their usefulness in democratic processes. The digital age has also led to a mushrooming of online polls, but some of them are of dubious quality. Thus, the chapter questions the continued use of electoral polls in multiparty politics in Africa. It argues that as a result of the inherent political an
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Fayoyin, Adebayo. "Electoral Polling and Reporting in Africa." In African Studies. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3019-1.ch037.

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Opinion polling during elections plays a pivotal role in influencing the political and media agenda, and can potentially affect voting behaviour. However, evidence from various countries indicates that electoral polls have been characterised by contradictions and contentious debates which undermine their usefulness in democratic processes. The digital age has also led to a mushrooming of online polls, but some of them are of dubious quality. Thus, the chapter questions the continued use of electoral polls in multiparty politics in Africa. It argues that as a result of the inherent political an
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Stephanopoulos, Nicholas O. "Political Parties." In Aligning Election Law. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780197662182.003.0007.

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Abstract This chapter applies the alignment framework to regulations of political parties. Parties are vitally important entities, the very building blocks of mass democracy. Nevertheless, alignment within parties has no democratic value. Parties are distinct from the polity itself, and intraparty congruence can undermine the polity-level alignment that really does matter, democratically speaking. Parties can be regulated in many ways, but only some of these rules have aligning implications. Rules about how parties choose their general election nominees generally don’t have such effects. Align
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Pinto, Teresa Nogueira. "Constitutionalism and Developmental Authoritarianism." In Democracy, Elections, and Constitutionalism in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894779.003.0009.

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This chapter contributes to the debate about ‘presidents for life’ in sub-Saharan Africa. Through an analysis of Paul Kagame’s leadership in Rwanda, it seeks to understand the legitimizing factors that could explain the resilience of personalized authoritarian regimes and the extent to which these factors undermine constitutionalism and democracy. The first part of the chapter examines the phenomena of personal rule and power legitimation in sub-Saharan Africa and how they were impacted on by colonial rule, independence, ‘democracy’s third wave’, and the more recent period of ‘democratic reces
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Mckie, David. "The Natives are Restless: The Reporting of British By-Elections." In Electoral Politics. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198273813.003.0005.

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Abstract In October 1933 Labour took East Fulham from the Conservatives on a swing of 29 per cent, transforming a Conservative majority of 14,521 into a Labour one of 4,840. This was the first of six by¬ elections defended by the National government over a period of five weeks, and the only one which Labour won, but the swings against the government were substantial in every case. These events had a profound effect on Stanley Baldwin, then much the most influential figure in the government, as he confessed to the Commons when under attack from Churchill in the debate on the Address in November
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Faÿ, Ophélie, Matheus Kroth, Hannes Claes, Andrew R. Farrant, Sarah Vandycke, and Mark Woods. "Chalk marl seams: not quite what they seem.." In ASF Publications. French Association of Sedimentologists, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70665/dzyc6363.

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The origin of wispy marl seams and nodular chalk has long been debated, particularly regarding their sedimentary versus diagenetic origins. Through scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of thin sections from the Chalk of Southern England (UK), we gain new insights into the microtexture of nodular chalk, specifically the Lower Turonian Holywell Nodular Chalk and Upper Turonian–Coniacian Lewes Nodular Chalk formations, and marl seams from the Turonian New Pit Chalk Formation. In nodular chalks, microscale observations reveal evidence of pressure dissolution, either overprinting early d
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Hettema, Hinne. "Chemistry and “The Theoretician’s Dilemma”." In Essays in the Philosophy of Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190494599.003.0021.

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This contribution addresses Hempel’s well-known “The Theoretician’s Dilemma” from the viewpoint of philosophy of chemistry. While from the viewpoint of mainstream philosophy of science it might appear that the issues raised by this paper, published in 1958, are well settled, philosophy of chemistry has the potential to reopen the debate on theoretical terms in an interesting way. In this contribution I will reopen the debate and approach the problem of theoretical terms in a fashion which may be instructive to the wider philosophy of science. In “The Theoretician’s Dilemma” the argument hinges
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Conference papers on the topic "Pre election debates"

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Kapanadze, Lali. "INEQUALITY AND RIGHT-WING POPULISM." In Proceedings of the XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25112020/7244.

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According to Cambridge dictionary, in 2017 the most popular word was Populism. What is Populism? – Is it achievement of our era, or its roots comes from our remote past? According to scientific research, populism existed in ancient Roman period as an ideological political movement known as the Populist Party. It expressed the interests of ordinary people. Today populism is a natural phenomenon of Democratic political regimes. Populist perception is a special democratic component of political culture, that is realized by the population who are involved in political movements. The amplitude of i
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Velinova, Neli, Lora Metanova, Mariyan Tomov, and Lilia Raycheva. "Fuzzy Choice – The Facebook Facade of The Triple Parliamentary Election Campaign 2021 In Bulgaria." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002522.

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The rapid advancement of ICTs has outstripped the theoretical rationalization, regulatory framework, business models, professional practices and audiences’ participation in contemporary democratic processes (Kaid L., Mazoleni G., Blumler JG, Esser F.). This new ‘mosaic culture’ is characterized by demassification of media and of society itself. A virtual online culture has been created which, due to its interactive nature, acts as integrating while having an alienating and restrictive impact on people, destroying ‘live’ communication. Nevertheless, media still stays among the main factors of t
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Bijnen, F. G. C., F. J. M. Harren, J. Reuss, and J. H. P. Hackstein. "Gas detector measures parts per trillion: periodic CH4 and H2O release from a single cockroach." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cwi1.

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Atmospheric methane is an important component in the process of global warming and ozone depletion. The biogenic sources are responsible for the majority of CH, fluxes (>70%). The contribution of each different source is still a question of debate. Insects like termites and cockroaches may contribute up to 20% of the total budget. Our trace gas detector (Fig. 1), consisting of a photo acoustic (PA) cell placed in the cavity of a CW liquid nitrogen cooled CO-laser, permits measuring methane (detection limit 1 ppb) and water vapour release together with CO2 during the respiration of a single
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Miller, David A. B. "Low-energy optical communication inside digital processors: quantum detectors, sources, and modulators as efficient Impedance converters." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.mt1.

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There is debate on the comparative usefulness of optical (or optoelectronic) and electronic devices in digital processors. Here I point out one feature of optics not so far stressed, optical detectors, sources, and modulators, because they can be quantum devices and can operate as efficient impedance transformers, which can reduce the energy required to communicate information between logic devices. Because of noise and threshold uniformity, room-temperature electronic logic levels are ~1 V. Because electromagnetic propagation is practically low impedance, large dissipations result in irrevers
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Huang, Xiyong, Michael D. Protheroe, Ahmed M. Al-Jumaily, and Sharad P. Paul. "The Significance of Hair Thermal Diffusivity on Melanoma Incidence." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71693.

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There is an increased risk of melanoma in adulthood when a child (pre-puberty) has been exposed to high levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). It has also been hypothesized that the childhood body air (vellus hair) plays a role in the increased incidence of melanoma later in life. This is attributed to the fact that the vellus hair has properties and physiology which encourage the transmission of harmful energy into the follicle of the hair and ultimately cause damage to the stem cells in residence there. Later in life these damaged stem cells become involved in the generation of melanomas in
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Coda, Alberto, Andrea Cadelli, and Francesco Butera. "Recent Advances in Materials Development for Emerging SMA Applications." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7441.

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Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are active metallic materials classified as “smart” or “intelligent” materials along with piezoelectric ceramic and polymers, electro-active plastics, electro-rheological and magneto-rheological fluids and others. SMAs show a multitude of different and dependent properties interesting for technological applications. These properties depend on the peculiar deformation mechanisms, accounting for the so-called shape memory effect. SMAs are nowadays used in quite different fields, like thermo-mechanical devices, anti-loosening systems, biomedical applications, mechanical
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Barovic, Vladimir, and Dejan Pralica. "DIGITAL MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COURSE "REPORTING IN NATURAL DISASTERS AND ACCIDENTS"." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-146.

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Since 2007 a teaching course on the subject of "reporting In natural and intentionally caused catastrophes and disasters has been carried on in the Department of Media Studies at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Novi Sad. The mentioned subject deals with media reporting and journalist engagement on the place where catastrophes caused by people (terrorism, explosions, car accidents, citizen gatherings, fires) or natural calamities (floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, tornadoes, extremely bad weather conditions) happen. The subject syllabus for a school year is carried out d
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Reports on the topic "Pre election debates"

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Graham, Timothy, and Katherine M. FitzGerald. Bots, Fake News and Election Conspiracies: Disinformation During the Republican Primary Debate and the Trump Interview. Queensland University of Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.242533.

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We used Alexandria Digital, a world leading disinformation detection technology, to analyse almost a million posts on X (formerly known as Twitter) and Reddit comments during the first Republican primary debate and counterprogrammed Tucker Carlson and Donald Trump interview on the 23rd of August. What we did: • Collected 949,259 posts from the platform X, formerly known as Twitter. These posts were collected if they contained one of 11 relevant hashtags or keywords and were posted between 8:45pm and 11:15pm EST on 23rd August 2023. • Collected 20,549 comments from two separate Reddit threads.
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Bolin, Niklas. The repercussions of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the populist Radical Right in Sweden. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0031.

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The populist Radical Right Sweden Democrats (SD) have long been excluded from cooperation with other parties. As other parties have moved closer to the party’s more restrictive migration policy, and as older party leaders from the extreme Far Right have departed, some of the arguments in support of isolating the SD have waned. However, the party is still criticized for its ambiguous attitude towards Russia. But although individual politicians have openly expressed pro-Russian views, the current SD leadership has repeatedly rejected such accusations. The party’s position became increasingly rel
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