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Neugebauerová, J., and K. Petříková. "Possibilities of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide applications in Prunella vulgaris L. growth." Horticultural Science 31, No. 3 (2011): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3803-hortsci.
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Possibilities of herbicide applications to the self-heal (Prunella vulgaris L.) growth were tested in 1997–1998. Experiments showed that the application of pre-emergence herbicides in the Prunella vulgaris L. growth was efficient when 3 l/ha ofherbicide with 500 g/lisoproturon as an active ingredient were used. Herbicide applications had no influence on the emergence rate of direct seeding. Among the post-emergence herbicides it is possible to use glyphosate-IPA in 50% concentration by the wick applicator to Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski. The results of these experiments can be used as a basis for testing the herbicide biological efficacy in the framework of minority indications for cultivated medicinal plants. .  
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Furquim, Lucas Tadeu, Patricia Andrea Monquero, and Rafael Pires Silva. "EFEITO DE HERBICIDAS NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO SORGO SACARINO." Nativa 7, no. 1 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v7i1.6441.
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A presença de plantas daninhas pode reduzir severamente o rendimento do sorgo sacarino (Sorghum bicolor), e em função do reduzido número de herbicidas registrados, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de herbicidas no crescimento inicial dessa cultura. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, sendo o haloxyfop-methyl, cyhalofop-butil, fomesafem, imazaquim, lactofen, atrazine, 2,4-D e saflufenacil aplicados em diferentes doses em pós-emergência inicial da cultura e os herbicidas atrazine, atrazine+simazine, hexazinone e s-metolachlor em pré-emergência da cultura. As avaliações de fitointoxicação foram realizadas aos 7, 14, 21 e 30 dias após a aplicação (DAT) e a biomassa seca da parte aérea avaliada aos 30 DAT. Em pós-emergência, os herbicidas haloxyfop-methyl e imazaquim provocaram alta fitointoxicação e impactos na biomassa das plantas. 2,4-D e atrazine não provocaram diferenças significativas com relação à testemunha tanto em fitointoxicação como na biomassa. O herbicida lactofen provocou baixa fitointoxicação, todavia, saflufenacil e fomesafen promoveram fitointoxicação na dose comercial próximo a 40% e alterações na biomassa. Dos herbicidas utilizados em pré-emergência, apenas hexazinone e s-metolachlor demonstraram fitointoxicação e alterações na biomassa. Conclui-se que os herbicidas atrazine, lactofen e 2,4-D podem ser utilizados em aplicações em pós-emergência, e atrazine e atrazine+simazine em pré-emergência.Palavras-chave: fitointoxicação, Sorghum bicolor, pré-emergente, pós-emergente. EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON THE INITIAL GROWTH OF SWEET SORGHUM ABSTRACT: The presence of weeds may severely reduce yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and due to the reduced number of herbicides registered, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of herbicides on the initial growth of this crop. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicate, being, the herbicides haloxyfop-methyl, cyhalofop-butyl, fomesafem, imazaquim, lactofen, atrazine, 2,4-D and saflufenacil were applied at different initial post-emergence rates and herbicides atrazine, atrazine + simazine, hexazinone and s- metolachlor in pre-emergence of the culture. The phytointoxication evaluations were performed at 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after application (DAT) and the dry biomass of the aerial part evaluated at 30 DAT. In post-emergence, the herbicides haloxyfop-methyl and imazaquim caused high phytointoxication and impacts on plant biomass. 2,4-D and atrazine did not cause significant differences in relation to the control in both phytointoxication and biomass. The herbicide lactofen caused low phytointoxication, however, saflufenacil and fomesafen promoted phytointoxication at commercial dose close to 40% and changes in biomass. Of the herbicides used in pre-emergence, only hexazinone and s-metolachlor demonstrated phytointoxication and changes in biomass. It is concluded that the herbicides atrazine, lactofen and 2,4-D can be used in post-emergence applications, and pre-emergence atrazine and atrazine + simazine.Keywords: phytointoxication, Sorghum bicolor, pre-emergent, post-emergent.
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Chhokar, Puneet Kumar, Umesha C., Kailash Prajapat, Vishnu, and Preeti Yadav. "Efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides for control of weeds in wheat." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, no. 04 (2024): 1795–98. https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i04.054.
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Phalaris minor Retz., a grassy weed, poses a significant threat to wheat production in the northwestern Indian plains due to its growing resistance to herbicides. The paper explores the effectiveness of preemergence (PE) herbicides for managing herbicide-resistant Phalaris minor in wheat fields. It highlights the promising results of combining pyroxasulfone with flumioxazin at the rate 127.5 g/ha + 100 g/ha, which effectively controlled Phalaris minor population (14.7 m-2) and dry weight (5 g m-2), along with higher grain (63.7 q/ha) and straw yield (116.2 q/ha). Although it was comparatively less effective against broad-leaved weeds like Medigaco denticulata and Rumex dentatus. However, it still recorded lowest total weed density and dry weight among all the herbicidal treatments used in the investigation. The study emphasizes the judicious herbicide use to prevent further resistance development. This information can guide farmers and researchers in developing sustainable solutions for managing herbicide-resistant Phalaris minor in wheat fields of northwestern India.
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Sarker, RR Rashid MH Jahiruddin M. and Jahangir MMR. "Effects of herbicides on in-situ net mineralization of nitrogen in wheat field." International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 9, no. 4 (2023): 42–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071620.
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In conservation agricultural practices, adoption of herbicide has increased for crop protection but increased herbicide uses for soil health are being questioned. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of herbicide on net nitrogen mineralization rates in situ under field conditions. Both experiments were conducted at different treatments of post and pre emergence herbicides in the research farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University under Old Brahmaputra Floodplain (AEZ 9). Experiment-1 comprised of three post emergence herbicides and one control treatment [T<sub>1</sub>-Control, T<sub>2</sub>-2,4-D Amine, T<sub>3</sub>-Carfentrazzone-ethyl+isoproturon (Affinity), T<sub>4</sub>- Carfentrazzone-ethyl (Hammer)]. Composite soil sampling for post emergence herbicides was done at day 21 (days after planting, DAP) which was the day of herbicide and fertilizer application, day 22, 23, 24 and 25 (DAP) after herbicide application. Experiment-2 comprised of one most popular pre-emergence herbicides Pendimethalin (Panida) with manual weeded control treatment. Composite soil sampling for pre emergence herbicides was done at day 3 (DAP) which was the day of herbicide and fertilizer application; day 4, 5, 6 and 7 (DAP) after herbicide application. Both experimental designs were Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Herbicides were tested at their label rate compared with manual weeded control treatment. Tested post-emergence herbicides had no significant effect on N mineralization. The numerically higher concentration of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N was found in treatment T<sub>4</sub> (Carfentrazzone-ethyl). Tested pre- and post-emergence herbicides had no significant effect on soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N<strong> </strong>content. Similarly, pre-emergence herbicides Pendimethalin (Panida) had no significant effect on NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N production. The study revealed that commonly used herbicides have no short term inhibitory effect on nitrogen mineralization and nitrifying microorganism. The increase in nitrification process is an indication of increasing nitrifying microorganism and positive effect to the soil microbiota. Although tested herbicide did not differ significantly with respect to wheat grain, yet the higher grain yield was produced by Carfentrazzone-ethyl+isoproturon (Affinity).
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Newby, Adam, James E. Altland, Charles H. Gilliam, and Glenn Wehtje. "Pre-emergence Liverwort Control in Nursery Containers." HortTechnology 17, no. 4 (2007): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.17.4.496.
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Experiments were conducted in Auburn, AL, and Aurora, OR, to evaluate herbicides for pre-emergence liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) control. Granular pre-emergence herbicide efficacy varied by location and product. Summarizing across all experiments, flumioxazin and oxadiazon provided the most effective control in Alabama, whereas flumioxazin and oxyfluorfen + oryzalin provided the most effective control in Oregon. Sprayed quinoclamine provided pre-emergence liverwort control, but efficacy and duration of control were reduced compared with granular herbicides.
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Fornazza, Felipe Guilherme Ferreira, Jamil Constantin, Fellipe Goulart Machado, Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Jr., Gustavo Delabio Da Silva, and Fabiano Aparecido Rios. "Selectivity of pre-and post-emergence herbicides to very-early maturing soybean cultivars." Comunicata Scientiae 9, no. 4 (2019): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v9i4.2755.
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The combination of pre- and post-emergence herbicides may affect their selectivity to soybean plants, especially to short-cycle cultivars. The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of pre- and post-emergence herbicides to very-early maturing soybean cultivars. Two field experiments were conducted, one in Mandaguaçu, Paraná (E1) and other in Rio Verde, Goiás (E2), Brazil, using a 4×7 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of four pre-emergence herbicide managements (S-metolachlor at 1440 g ha-1, diclosulam at 25.2 g ha-1, sulfentrazone at 300 g ha-1, and no herbicide application); and seven post-emergence herbicide managements (lactofen at 120 g ha-1, chlorimuron-ethyl at 12.5 g ha-1, bentazon at 720 g ha-1, lactofen at 120 g ha-1 + chlorimuron-ethyl at 12.5 g ha-1, glyphosate at 900 g a. e. ha-1, two sequential glyphosate applications at 720 g a. e. ha-1 each, and no herbicide application). The early-maturing soybean cultivars evaluated showed sensitivity to the herbicides used. The combined use of pre- and post-emergence herbicides increased the occurrence of injuries in the plants. Diclosulam and sulfentrazone were the least selective pre-emergence herbicides. All herbicide combinations used affected soybean grain yield in E1; lactofen, chlorimuron, and bentazon presented the least selectivity in E2.
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Gitsopoulos, Thomas, Ioannis Georgoulas, Despoina Botsoglou, and Eirini Vazanelli. "Response of Wheat to Pre-Emergence and Early Post-Emergence Herbicides." Agronomy 14, no. 8 (2024): 1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081875.
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A two-year field experiment was conducted in two consecutive seasons to evaluate the response of wheat to pre-emergence (PRE) and early post-emergence (EPOST) herbicides. The herbicides prosulfocarb (3200 g ai ha−1) and chlorotoluron plus diflufenican (1380 + 92 g ai ha−1) were applied PRE, whereas the herbicides flufenacet plus diflufenican (240 + 120 g ai ha−1) and flufenacet plus diflufenican plus metribuzin (119.7 + 119.7 + 44.8 g ai ha−1) were applied EPOST at the second leaf growth stage of wheat. Heavy rainfalls that followed the PRE treatments and cold temperatures that occurred during the EPOST applications resulted in crop injuries and reduced yields in prosulfocarb, chlorotoluron plus diflufenican and flufenacet plus diflufenican the first and the second year, respectively. Weather conditions such as heavy rainfalls and low temperatures that may occur during and after herbicide treatments should be considered to avoid crop injuries and increase crop safety.
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Riaz, Sidra, Sana Basharat, Farooq Ahmad, et al. "Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (Poaceae) Differentially Responds to Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides through Micro-Structural Alterations." Agriculture 12, no. 11 (2022): 1831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111831.
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Herbicides are widely used to kill weeds and increase crop production all over the world. Nevertheless, some weeds show certain structural modifications in response to herbicide application that impart mostly partial or sometimes complete tolerance to these noxious plants. The present study was focused on morpho-anatomical modifications in the root, stem, and leaves of Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. treated with different herbicides and to examine whether it possesses tolerance against herbicides. Two pre- and four post-emergence herbicides were applied to D. aegyptium at the recommended dose in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Pre-emergence herbicide Bromoxynil enhanced root growth (30%), leaves per plant (3%), and leaf fresh weight (17.2%). Increased stem epidermal thickness (100%) was the most notable feature among anatomical attributes. Post-emergence herbicides generally increased stem epidermal thickness 33–56%), leaf sheath thickness (5%), and root area in roots. Other modifications included increased sclerenchymatous thickness in the stem (133–255%), and epidermal thickness (100–200%) in the leaf blade. These characters assisted D. aegyptium to cope with herbicide toxicity. Collectively, pre-emergence herbicides more effectively controlled D. aegyptium compared with post-emergence herbicides.
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Sudak, V., A. Horbatenko, S. Semenov, and А. Kulyk. "Testing of herbicidal systems for maize cultivation in the Steppe of Ukraine." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2021.2.32-36.
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Goal. To determine the agrarian and economic efficiency of different technological systems for herbicidal protection of maize depending on the weed harmfulness level and weather conditions.
 Methods. Field experiment — for the weeds and maize yield accounting, and calculation method — for determining of the technical and economic efficiency of herbicide systems.
 Results. We recorded a significant decrease in the inhibitory effect of soil herbicides without precipitation, at elevated air temperature and hot dry wind in the first 5—7 days after their application. Also we specified the best pre-emergence herbicide Acris SE containing the active ingredients: Dimethenamid P (280 g/l) + Terbuthylazine (250 g/l). The number of weeds was indicated according to the experiment variants before spraying crops and 21 days after the application of toxicants. The technical and economic efficiency of combined (pre-emergence + post-emergence herbicides) and mixture of post-emergence products for protection systems of maize was determined.
 Conclusions. Under arid conditions, within 5—7 days after the application of pre-emergence herbicides (in 2018, the average background weed infestation of crops — 37 pcs/m2), the chemical plant protection system based on a tank mixture of post-emergence herbicides was ahead in terms of technical efficiency, yield and profitability grain production: Frontier Optima CE (Dimethenamid, 720 g/l) + Stellar RK (Topramezone, 50 g/l + Dicamba, 160 g/l) + Metolat wetting agent. The manifestation of soil herbicide phytotoxicity in favorable weather (in 2019—2020, background weed infestation of crops 129—147 pcs/m2) was more effective when using a combined system for controlling harmful species in the maize production technology: Dual Gold KE (S-metolachlor, 960 g/l) — before sowing + Stellar RK (Topramezone, 50 g/l + Dicamba, 160 g/l) + Metolat wetting agent — post emergence application. The best pre-emergence chemical product was Acris SE (Dimethenamid P, 280 g/l + Terbuthylazine, 250 g/l).
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Dai, Si-Zhe, Yawen Wang, Min-Jung Yook, Hui-Zhen Wu, Min Chen, and Chuan-Jie Zhang. "Screening of Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides for Weed Control in Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz." Agronomy 15, no. 3 (2025): 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15030640.
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Weed management has been one of the major challenges in camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] production owing to the limited options for selective herbicides. The aim of this study was to evaluate and screen camelina-safe herbicides and establish an effective weed management program combining pre- and post-emergence herbicide application in camelina. There were 22 herbicides (6 herbicides registered as pre- and 16 herbicides registered as post-emergence herbicides) with various modes of action tested in this study. Greenhouse evaluation showed that, of the 22 herbicides tested, post-application of s-metolachlor and prodiamine (registered as pre-emergence herbicide), and clethodim, fluazifop-p, clopyralid, and quinclorac (registered as post-emergence herbicide) possessed adequate safety (~×4 of recommended doses) when used on the two camelina genotypes (CamC1 and CamK3) by evaluation of plant visual efficacy, seed weight, and plant biomass yield per plant. Herbicides from the ALS (e.g., flumetsulam), HPPD (e.g., mesotrione), IPP (e.g., clomazone), PPO (e.g., oxyfluorfen), and PS II (e.g., bentazon) groups caused severe camelina growth suppression and mortality. Field evaluation with greenhouse-selected herbicides demonstrated the superior weed control efficacy of sequential application combining pre- (s-metolachlor) and post-emergence (clethodim, fluazifop-p, or clopyralid) herbicides (84–90% reduction in weed biomass in camelina plots relative to untreated control) than the single application of those herbicides (68–83%). Clethodim and fluazifop-p provided good post-emerged grass weed control (e.g., crabgrass), whereas clopyralid effectively controlled the broadleaf weeds, such as common vetch and shepherd’s purse. Camelina seed yields from s-metolachlor following clethodim, fluazifop-p, or clopyralid application were statistically comparable to the yield of the weed-free treatment (hand weeding) and were significantly greater than those of the untreated control, indicating the effective weed control efficacies provided by those herbicides. Sequential application of the above herbicides did not affect camelina seed oil content, the principal UFA concentrations (e.g., C18:1~3), UFA/SFA, and MUFA/PUFA. In summary, sequential application combining pre- (s-metolachlor) and post-emergence (clethodim, fluazifop-p, or clopyralid) herbicides shows effective weed control in camelina, thus providing a great opportunity to increase camelina production through herbicide-based weed management.
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Vineyard, Cory J., Heather Kelly, Larry Steckel, and Scott Stewart. "Potential Interaction of Pre-emergence Herbicides and the Efficacy of Insecticide and Fungicide Seed Treatments in Cotton." Journal of Cotton Science 21, no. 4 (2017): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/btin7241.
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The increasing presence of glyphosate-tolerant weeds has increased the use of pre-emergence herbicides in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., grown in Tennessee during the last 5 to 8 years. These herbicides could have negative effects on seedling growth and potentially affect thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) management or seedling disease with at-planting insecticides or fungicides. Experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the potential interactions of pre-emergence herbicides on the efficacy of insecticide or fungicide seed treatments in cotton. Nontreated plots and plots treated with a thiamethoxam seed treatment generally exhibited higher number of thrips, more thrips injury, less vigor, delayed maturity, and lower yields compared to plots treated with an imidacloprid seed treatment or an in-furrow application of aldicarb. Similarly, fungicide seed treatments generally reduced the incidence of seedling disease (primarily Rhizoctonia), while improving seedling health and stand density. Negative effects of some pre-emergence herbicides on plant health also were observed. For example, combination treatments of fluometuron plus S-metolachlor or fluometuron plus fomesafen reduced plant vigor and seedling biomass and there was a tendency for higher thrips populations where pre-emergence herbicides were used. There were no substantial interactions between injury caused by pre-emergence herbicides and that caused by thrips or seedling disease suggesting that thrips, seedling disease, and herbicide injury acted independently and additively. Following herbicide label rates should reduce the risk of compounding the effects of thrips or seedling disease with herbicide injury.
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Martins, B. A. B., and P. J. Christoffoleti. "Herbicide efficacy on Borreria densiflora control in pre- and post-emergence conditions." Planta Daninha 32, no. 4 (2014): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582014000400017.
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The weed Borreria densiflora is a management issue in soybean and sugarcane crops from North and Northeastern Brazil. Knowledge upon chemical control of B. densiflora contributes to the integrated management of this weed species, especially when active ingredient options become reduced due to the selection of herbicide resistant or tolerant weed species. Experiments in pre- and post-emergence of B. densiflora were conducted in greenhouse, in a randomized block design and four replications. In pre-emergence, the dose-response curve methodology was used and 7 herbicides were tested. In post-emergence, 9 herbicides at the recommended rate and 4 herbicide mixtures were tested. For pre and post-emergence conditions, evaluations were conducted at 60 and 21 days after treatment (DAT), respectively, and the variables analyzed were weed control and dry weight (%). The results showed options of pre-emergent herbicides that can be used for controlling B. densiflora, especially in sugarcane, where chemical weed control is mainly based on pre-emergent applications. In the current glyphosate resistance scenario, one should consider the use of pre-emergent herbicides within an integrated management of B. densiflora. For satisfactory post-emergence control, B. densiflora plants should be sprayed at the phenological stage of up to three pairs of leaves. Herbicide mixtures have been and will continue to be an important tool in chemical weed management, broadening the spectrum of weed control, while diversifying herbicide mechanisms of action, which helps to prevent or delay the appearance of herbicide resistance.
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Goldwasser, Yaakov, Onn Rabinowitz, Jackline Abu-Nasser, Evgeny Smirnov, Guy Achdary, and Hanan Eizenberg. "Chemical Control of the Invasive Weed Trianthema portulacastrum: Nethouse Studies." Plants 14, no. 1 (2024): 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14010019.
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Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae), commonly known as desert horse purslane or black pigweed, is a C4 dicot succulent invasive annual plant that is widespread in agricultural fields in Southeast Asia, tropical America, Africa, and Australia. In Israel, Trianthema portulacastrum is an invasive weed of increasing importance in agricultural fields, including mainly corn, tomato, alfalfa watermelon, and groundnut crops. The significance of this weed in crops has been recently reported in neighboring countries of Jordan and Egypt. In previous studies, we have examined and described the spread, biology, and germination requirements of Trianthema portulacastrum in Israel. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of single pre- and post-emergence herbicides and the combination of pre-applied herbicides for the control of this invasive weed in pots in a nethouse. We conducted three sequential experiments in a nethouse: (1) screening of pre-emergence herbicides, (2) screening of post-emergence herbicides, and (3) assessment of residual activity of combined pre-emergence herbicides in three distinct Hula Valley soil types. Efficacy was evaluated through weekly assessments of seedling emergence and vigor, with the final shoot fresh weight determined upon the experiment’s completion. In all experiments, weekly counts and vigor estimation of T. portulacastrum seedlings were conducted, and shoot fresh weights were determined at the end of the experiments. The results of pre-emergence herbicide screening showed that Fomesafen, Terbutryne, Flurochloridon, Sulfosulfuron, Cyrosulfamid + Izoxaflutole, and Dimethenamid were the most effective herbicides, leading to complete eradication of T. portulacastrum plants. Results of the post-emergence screening revealed that Saflufenacil, Foramsulfuron, Tembotrione + Isoxdifen-ethyl, and Rimsulfurom Methyl completely controlled the weed. In the soil residual study, three herbicide combinations (Fomesafen + Terbutryn, Sulfosulfuron + Fomesafen, and Dimethenamid + Flurochloridon) provided effective control across all soil types. These findings provide a foundation for future field trials investigating integrated pre- and post-emergence herbicide programs for T. portulacastrum management in various crops.
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Masilamani, Poomaruthai, C. Chinnusamy, Velanganni Albert, and Marimuthu Govindaraj. "Compatibility and Efficiency of Pre-emergence Herbicides on Weed Control and Seedling Growth of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Nursery." Indian Journal of Forestry 40, no. 1 (2017): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2017-no2d32.
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Nursery experiments were carried out to evaluate three different pre-emergence herbicides on weed control efficiency, seedling survival and seedling growth of Teak nursery. Three days after planting the stumps in poly bags, pre emergence herbicides viz. atrazine (50% WP), pendimethalin (30% EC) and oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) were applied as herbicide spray with water at different concentrations on the nursery bags using knapsack sprayer. Thirty and sixty days after application of herbicides, observations were made on number of leaves/stump, number of secondary roots/stump, dry matter production (g seedling-1) and survival parentage of Teak seedling in each treatment. Weed control efficiency was worked out on the basis of weed dry weight (g) recorded in each treatment at 30 days after application of herbicides. To evaluate the efficency and compatibility of pre-emergence herbicides on seedling growth of Teak were observed through phytotoxic scoring on 3 days interval up to 30 days and 15 days interval up to 60 days after application of herbicides. The results revealed that the compatibility of application of pre-emergence herbicide of atrazine at 0.50% - 1.0% can be effectively control weeds without impairing the seedling growth of Tectona grandis.
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Cruz, Anna Bárbara de Souza, Paulo Roberto Ribeiro Rocha, José Anchieta Alves Albuquerque, et al. "SELETIVIDADE DE HERBICIDAS APLICADOS EM PRÉ E PÓS-EMERGÊNCIA NA CULTURA DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI NA SAVANA AMAZÔNICA." Nativa 6, no. 6 (2018): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v6i6.5732.
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O feijão-caupi é uma fabácea bastante cultivada no Brasil, principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Entretanto, a produtividade desta cultura é baixa, e dentre os fatores que contribuem para a baixa produtividade está a interferência causada pelas plantas daninhas. O manejo químico das plantas é um método de manejo promissor, embora haja poucas informações para o feijão-caupi. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência do feijão-caupi na Savana Amazônica. Foram instalados dois experimentos, um com aplicação de oito herbicidas em pré-emergência e outro com aplicação de oito herbicidas em pós-emergência, mais um tratamento com capina e outro sem capina, totalizando dez tratamentos em cada experimento. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: Fitotoxicidade, número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade. O herbicida metribuzin não é recomendado em pré-emergência na cultura do feijão-caupi, por não ser seletivo a esta cultura, assim como os pós-emergentes fomezafen, imazethapyr, imazamox, quizalofop-p-ethyl + imazethapyr.Os herbicidas oxadiazon, em pré-emergência, e quizalofop-p-ethyl + imazamox, em pós-emergência, são recomendados como estratégias de controle de plantas daninhas no feijão-caupi, por serem seletivos à cultura, não apresentando fitotoxicidade e não reduzindo a produtividade.Palavras-chave: controle químico, plantas daninhas, produtividade, Vignaunguiculata. SELECTIVITY OF PRE AND POST-EMERGENCY HERBICIDES APPLIED COWPEA IN THE AMAZON SAVANNAH ABSTRACT: Cowpea is a well-grown fabaceae in Brazil, mainly in the North and Northeast regions. However, the productivity of this crop is low, and among the factors that contribute to lower productivity is the interference caused by weeds. The chemical management of plants is a promising management method, although there is little information for cowpea. The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied in pre and post emergence of cowpea in the Amazon Savannah. Two experiments were applied, one with application of eight herbicides in pre-emergence and the other with application of eight herbicides in the post-emergence, one treatment with weeding and another treatment without weeding, totalizing ten treatments in each experiment. The following parameters were evaluated: Phytotoxicity, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of 100 grains and productivity. The herbicide metribuzin is not recommended in pre-emergence in cowpea because it is not selective to this crop, as well as the post-emergent fomezafen, imazethapyr, imazamox, quizalofop-p-ethyl + imazethapyr. Pre-emergence oxadiazon and post-emergence quizalofop-p-ethyl + imazamox herbicides are recommended as weed control strategies in cowpea because they are selective to the crop, not presenting phytotoxicity and not reducing productivity.Keywords: chemical control, weed, Vigna unguiculata, productivity.
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Sairam, Gaini, A. K. Jha, Badal Verma, Muskan Porwal, M. P. Sahu, and R. K. Meshram. "Effect of Pre and Post-emergence Herbicides on Weed Flora of Maize." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 11 (2023): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i112946.
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Weeds have been a problem creator in crops since time immemorial competing with them for all the growth resources. Weeds cause around 28-100% loss in the maize crop which necessitates their control. The usage of herbicides for the control of weeds has been the most prominent method among farmers. However, the continuous usage of similar herbicides can develop herbicide resistance which needs the exploration to newer herbicides. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to assess the effect of broad-spectrum herbicide, mesotrione on the weed flora and seed yield of maize at JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) in the kharif season of 2019. The experiment was carried out in randomised block design consisting of eight treatments of weed control including six herbicidal treatments with hand weeding and weedy check and replicated thrice. Based on the results, it was concluded that the post emergence application of mesotrione 350 g ha-1 at 30 DAS had most effectively controlled the weeds resulting in highest weed control efficiency (69.25%) and lowest weed index (12.62%) than the rest of the treatments. It also resulted in highest grain and stover yield (2.44 and 21.80 t ha-1) in maize. Thus, the application of mesotrione @ 350 g ha-1 can be a promising technology for the control of complex weed flora in maize.
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Walters, S. Alan, Bryan G. Young, and Ronald F. Krausz. "Pre-emergence Weed Control in No-tillage Pumpkin Production." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 971C—971. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.971c.
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A field study was conducted in 2002, 2003, and 2004 to evaluate various pre-emergence herbicides (ethafluralin & clomazone, ethafluralin & clomazone + halosulfuron, and ethafluralin & clomazone + imazamox) with or without a winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop in tillage and no-tillage `Appalachian' pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) production. All herbicides were applied within two days of seeding, and no injury was observed with any of the herbicides evaluated at any time during the three growing seasons. Early- and late-season control of all weed species [giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.), common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer)] were highly correlated (0.47 ≤ r ≥ 0.86, P ≤ 0.01) with pumpkin yield and fruit size. The winter rye + no-tillage system provided greater weed control compared to the tillage systems and the no cover crop + no-tillage production system. Although winter rye alone had little influence on pumpkin yield, the no-tillage system improved pumpkin yield and fruit size compared to the tillage system. The two herbicide combinations (ethafluralin & clomazone + halosulfuron and ethafluralin & clomazone + imazamox) improved weed control and pumpkin yields compared to only ethafluralin & clomazone. Although this study indicated that the use of a high-residue winter rye cover crop in no-tillage pumpkin production will provide some weed control, the choice of pre-emergence herbicides is critical to maximize pumpkin productivity. No-tillage pumpkin production is feasible with proper herbicide use and timing, although current herbicide options will not provide optimal weed control.
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SANTIAGO, ANTONIO DIAS, MANOEL HENRIQUE BOMFIM CAVALCANTE, GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ, and SERGIO DE OLIVEIRA PROCÓPIO. "EFFICACY AND SELECTIVITY OF HERBICIDES APPLIED IN CASSAVA PRE-EMERGENCE." Revista Caatinga 31, no. 3 (2018): 640–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n312rc.
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ABSTRACT The interference imposed by weeds can cause damages to cassava development. Thus, adopting control measures is fundamental. The use of pre-emergence herbicides is one of the control alternatives, since cassava presents a good tolerance to herbicides applied in this modality. However, herbicides may present differential selectivity due to the variety of cassava that is planted. The objective of this study was to evaluate both weed control effectiveness and selectivity of different herbicide combinations applied at pre-emergence of two cassava varieties. Two experiments were established in the field using a randomized complete block design, in a split plot scheme, with four replications. In the efficacy experiment, application of six combinations of herbicides, including clomazone + ametryn, clomazone + metribuzin, clomazone + flumioxazin, isoxaflutole + ametryn, isoxaflutole + metribuzin, isoxaflutole + flumioxazin were evaluated in the main plot. In addition, a non-treated control and a weeded control were evaluated. In the subplots, the Caravela and Pretinha varieties were planted. For the selectivity experiment, a non-treated control was not included. The combinations containing clomazone presented a longer residual period of weed control as well as a better control of benghal dayflower. Metribuzin exhibited lower efficacy than other herbicide combinations containing clomazone or isoxaflutole. The Pretinha variety showed greater tolerance to weed interference. Every herbicide combination that was applied in cassava pre-emergence presented selectivity for both Caravela and Pretinha varieties.
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Lawrence, AUgbe, Nyong Jane-Francis, and Emmanuel Akomaye Ugbong. "A comparative analysis of the efficacies of six selected herbicides for effective control of spear grass (Imperata cylindrical Linn) in cassava production in Obudu, Northern Cross River State." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 3 (2021): 272–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5061705.
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A two-year, (2015 and 2016) field trial was conducted in Obudu Local Government Area of Cross River State to compare the efficacies of six (6) selected herbicides in controlling spear grass (<em>Imperata cylindrical Linn</em>) in cassava farm. The main treatments were the three cassava varieties: TMS 30572, TMS 50395 and NR 8082, while the sub treatments were six herbicides: Primextra, Igrancombi Gold, and Paracot as pre-emergence, Touchdown Forte Hi Tech, Galex and Fusilade Forte as post-emergence herbicides. The result showed that cassava establishment did not differ significantly among the cassava varieties, whereas herbicide type significantly (p<0.05) affected cassava establishment. High plant establishment was recorded in plots treated with Paracot, followed by plots treated with Igrancombi compared to high mortality rate recorded in plots treated with primextra as pre-emergence application. The tuber yield did not differ significantly among the cassava varieties. However, on the basis of average for both years, the trend was as follows: TMS 30572 (2.81 t/ha<sup>-1</sup>) > NR 8082 (2.75 t/ha<sup>-1</sup>)> TMS 50395 (2.56t/ha<sup>-1</sup>). On the contrary, tuber yield differed significantly (p<0.05) among herbicide types irrespective of the cassava variety, although no well-defined trend was established.
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Krstić, Jovana, Goran Malidža, and Maja Meseldžija. "The effect of band application of herbicides and inter-row cultivation on the fresh biomass of broadleaf weeds in soybean." Acta herbologica 32, no. 2 (2023): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/32ah-46145.
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Aim of the research was to determine whether the band application of herbicides in soybean, covering a 50% smaller herbicide area, in combination with inter-row cultivation can achieve a similar or approximate weed control effectiveness, as compared to the broadcast herbicide application method in soybean crops, with and without inter-row cultivation. In three-year trials, pre-emergence (dimethenamid-P + metribuzin) and post-emergence (bentazon + imazamox) herbicides were applied using the broadcast and band (25 cm wide) application of herbicides, with and without inter-row cultivation.Inter-row cultivation was applied one week after the first and second post-emergence treatments. Impact of the tested variants on the fresh aboveground biomass of weeds was assessed, with the following species being dominant: Abutilon theophrasti Medik., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Chenopodium album L., and Xanthium strumarium L. The results showed that using the band application of herbicides with inter-row cultivation can achieve approximate effectiveness in reducing fresh biomass compared to broadcast application of herbicides, with or without inter-row cultivation. The combination of pre-emergence herbicides and the two-time application of divided amounts of post-emergence band and broadcast application of herbicides with inter-row cultivation achieved the most reliable control of all weeds, with an efficiency >95%. The results indicate that under favorable conditions for the herbicide action, it is possible to omit one half of the total amount of applied post-emergence herbicides. This can further contribute to significantly reducing the total amount of herbicides used in weed control.
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Islam, AKM Mominul, Md Azhiat-Ul Huq Hia, Shubroto Kumar Sarkar, and Md Parvez Anwar. "Herbicide based weed management in aromatic rice of Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 1 (2018): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i1.36478.
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Selection of appropriate weed management strategy helps reduce rice yield loss due to weeds. Despite some undesirable side-effects, no viable alternative is currently available to shift the chemical weed management in rice. However, time of herbicide application is very important with respect to its efficacy. Keeping in mind the inevitability of herbicidal weed control, the current study was designed to evaluate the response of selected aromatic fine rice varieties of Bangladesh to different herbicides based weed management practices compare to farmers’ practices. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of five aromatic rice varieties; Kalijira, BRRI dhan34, BRRI dhan37, BRRI dhan38 and Binadhan-13, and six different weed management practices comprising no weeding, weed free, mechanical + manual weeding, pre–emergence herbicide + manual weeding, post–emergence herbicide + manual weeding and pre– + post–emergence herbicide. Eleven weed species belonging to five families were observed in the experimental plots. Based on the summed dominance ratio (SDR), grassy weed species Echinochloa crusgalli (SDR of 30.7) was the most dominant species, whereas broadleaf weed Nymphaea nouchali (SDR of 0.83) was the least one. Among the weed control treatments, application of pre–+ post emergence herbicides offered the highest reduction in weed density and biomass at all sampling dates which resulted in minimum crop-weed competition facilitating improvement in the yield contributing characters and finally resulted in the highest grain yield (2.5 t ha−1) and harvest index (30.7%) next to the weed free treatment. The variety BRRI dhan38 gave the highest grain yield (3.4 t ha−1) due to the highest performance of the yield contributing characters among the varieties. In interaction, BRRI dhan38 with pre–+ post–emergence herbicide application gave the highest yield (3.4 t ha−1) apart from the weed free treatment. Being efficient in weed density and biomass reduction as well as the highest yield producer, sequential application of pre–and post–emergence herbicides may be recommended for effective weed management practices in BRRI dhan38J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 31-40, April 2018
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Teasdale, John R., and Richard C. Rosecrance. "Mechanical versus herbicidal strategies for killing a hairy vetch cover crop and controlling weeds in minimum-tillage corn production." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 18, no. 2 (2003): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ajaa200240.
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AbstractThe development of production systems that provide the benefits of reduced tillage and also reduce or eliminate herbicide inputs presents a challenge to practitioners of sustainable agriculture. This research was conducted to evaluate management approaches for minimum-tillage corn production in a hairy vetch cover crop, specifically, mechanical versus herbicidal methods for pre-plant cover-crop kill and for post-emergence control of emerged weeds. Pre-plant treatments included 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] plus residual herbicides, 2,4-D alone, flail mower, corn stalk chopper, light disk and heavy disk. The pre-plant herbicide treatments were followed by a post-emergence treatment of dicamba, whereas the pre-plant mechanical treatments were followed by post-emergence cultivation, as needed, for weed control. The mechanical treatments that kept residue on the soil surface (mower, stalk chopper and light disk) killed hairy vetch when it was flowering, but not when vegetative. The herbicide treatment with pre-plant 2,4-D alone, followed by dicamba post-emergence, controlled annual broadleaf weeds (the dominant species in these experiments) similarly to treatment with 2,4-D plus residual herbicides, suggesting that residual herbicides may be eliminated in cover-crop-based no-tillage systems. The pre-plant mechanical treatments followed by cultivation did not control annual broadleaf weeds as well as herbicide treatments, but did maintain final populations below threshold levels in two of four experiments. The stalk chopper and light disk left high levels of vetch residue on the soil surface, and reduced initial broadleaf weed populations compared with the heavy disk that incorporated residue. However, broadleaf weed populations were reduced with less efficiency by cultivation of unfilled soil following the stalk chopper or light disk (38–69%) than by cultivation of tilled soil following the heavy disk (87–95%). Thus, although maintaining surface cover-crop residue without tillage initially reduced weed emergence, it also reduced the efficiency of cultivation, leading to similar final weed populations in all mechanical-based, pre-plant treatments.
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Costa, Augusto Guerreiro Fontoura, Valdinei Sofiatti, and Taís De Moraes Falleiro Suassuna. "Pre-and post-emergence herbicide selectivity in peanuts at an early stage." Bioscience Journal 40 (October 30, 2024): e40049. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v40n0a2024-71339.
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Studies on herbicide selectivity to peanuts detected differences according to the evaluated active ingredient and genotypes. This study analyzed the herbicide selectivity of two genotypes at an early stage. Pre-emergence (trifluralin, pendimethalin, diclosulam, s-metolachlor, imazethapyr + flumioxazin, clomazone, sulfentrazone, and imazapic) and post-emergence (imazapic, bentazon, bentazon + imazamox, clethodim, quizalofop-p-ethyl, cloransulam-methyl, s-metolachlor, lactofen, 2,4-D, and carfentrazone) applications were assessed in 1253 OL and 2133 OL breeding lines. The effects of pre- (PRE) and post-emergence (POST) herbicides were the same for both genotypes, with PRE not affecting seedling emergence and shoot and root dry mass. Diclosulam was among the most selective PRE herbicides, while the clomazone treatment caused only mild damage. All tested POST herbicides caused damage for up to 14 days after application (DAA). At 28 DAA, most herbicides exhibited the same damage as the untreated control. Lactofen caused mild damage (11.8%) without reducing plant height and shoot and root dry mass. Diclosulam, clomazone, and lactofen are unregistered for peanut crops in Brazil, and further studies should test their selectivity for peanut cultivars. Screening studies on selectivity to imazapic, 2,4-D, and carfentrazone are also relevant to identifying sources of tolerance in peanut germplasm.
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Islam, A., Md Said, Mirfatun Rhaman, et al. "Weed Response to Different Tank-Mix Herbicide Combinations and its Impact on Winter Rice Performance in Zero Till Non-Puddled Condition." Fundamental and Applied Agriculture 9, no. 3 (2024): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/faa.227330.
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Tank-mixture of two or more chemical groups of either pre- or post-emergence herbicide might play a vital role to manage weeds of a diversified community more effectively than their single or sequential application. Although some proprietary herbicides are available in the market, their number is very limited. The aim of this research was to evaluate the weed response to different tank-mix pre- or post- emergence herbicide combinations and its impact on winter rice performance in zero-till non puddled transplanted condition. Twenty-one treatments were used in each experiment (either pre- or post-emergence herbicide). Treatments comprised six pre-emergence herbicides with their 13 tank-mix combinations (at a ratio of 1:1), one proprietary pre-emergence herbicide and a season-long weedy plot as control. Similar treatments combination was also considered for post-emergence herbicide. Both the experiments were conducted under RCB design with three replications. Sole application of Triafamone pre-emergence herbicide performed as the best in terms of weed control efficiency (%) and yield increase over control (%) followed by Triafamone + Pretilachlor and Triafamone + Pendimethalin. In case of tank-mix post-emergence herbicide Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+ Penoxsulam performed as the best in terms of weed control efficiency (%) and yield increase over control (%) followed by sole application of post-emergence Penoxsulam. Tank-mixture of Triafamone + Pretilachlor or Triafamone + Pendimethalin pre-emergence herbicide or Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+ Penoxsulam post-emergence herbicide at a ratio of 1:1 might be the perfect alternative to sole or sequential application of herbicide for effective weed control and to obtain higher rice yield.
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Witcher, Anthony L., and Isha Poudel. "Pre-Emergence Herbicides and Mulches for Weed Control in Cutting Propagation." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (2020): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091249.
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Weed control is critical in cutting propagation to maximize root growth and liner quality, but hand weeding is time consuming and not cost efficient. Pre-emergence herbicides are widely used in container-grown nursery crop production, but concerns of potential phytotoxicity have limited widespread use in propagation. Mulches are a viable alternative for weed control but few products have been evaluated in propagation. Five pre-emergence herbicides and five mulches were evaluated for rooting stem cuttings of three nursery crop species and for control of four weed species. Mulches were applied (0.8 cm depth) prior to sticking cuttings while pre-emergence herbicides were applied (low labeled rate) two weeks after sticking cuttings. Rooting percentage, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were not affected by pre-emergence herbicide or mulch, except for butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii ‘Nanho Blue’) which was severely injured when treated with the pre-emergence herbicide isoxaben. Oxyfluorfen + oxadiazon provided excellent control of all tested weed species and has potential to be used in propagation of a number of crops. Mulches did not provide adequate weed control, but increased application depth may enhance efficacy and should be further evaluated.
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Hossain, Amodini, A. Islam, Md Rahman, and Md Anwar. "Efficacy and Rice Phytotoxicity of Different Tank-Mix Ratios of Pre-Emergence Herbicide in Boro Rice Under Zero Till Non-Puddled Condition." Fundamental and Applied Agriculture 10, no. 1 (2025): 326. https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.265015.
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Tank-mixing two or more chemical groups of either pre- or post-emergence herbicide may be very beneficial for the efficient control of weeds in a heterogeneous population. There are a few proprietary herbicides (commercial mixtures of two pre- or post-emergence herbicides) on the market, but they are extremely few. In this backdrop, the current research was conducted to investigate the efficacy and rice phytotoxicity of different tank-mix ratios of pre-emergence herbicides to control weeds under zero till non-puddled Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan58). A total of 21 treatments were used in the experiment. Treatments comprised five pre-emergence herbicides with their 20 different tank-mix ratios and one proprietary pre-emergence herbicide as control. The experiments were conducted under randomized complete block design with three replications. The findings of this research indicate that different tank-mix ratios of pre-emergence herbicide have a great potential to control weeds and the applied herbicide mixtures have not create any phytotoxicity to the rice plants. The lowest weed dry biomass was obtained from the treatment where Triafamone and Pretilachlor @ 2:3 ratios were applied in both 30 and 60 DATs, and highest weed dry biomass was from treatment Triafamone and Pretilachlor @ 3:2 ratios. Considering the yield contributing characters and yield, the highest number of effective tillers hill-1, longest panicle, heaviest grain and highest grain yield of BRRI dhan58 were also obtained from the treatment where Triafamone and Pretilachlor @ 2:3 ratios were applied. Based on the results it may conclude that tank-mix pre-emergence herbicide Triafamone and Pretilachlor @ 2:3 ratios is the best in terms of weed control and rice productivity. However, as this experiment had been conducted in a single season and location, multi-location and multi-season trials should be taken into account in future to draw a concrete conclusion based on these preliminary experimental results.
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Schelter, Mayra Luiza, Antonio Americo Prates, Diogo Luiz Fruet, Marissa Prá de Souza, Naiara Guerra, and Antonio Mendes de Oliveira Neto. "Response of soybean cultivars with different maturation times to pre-emergence herbicides." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 44, no. 2 (2023): 841–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n2p841.
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Herbicide selectivity is the basis for chemical control of weeds; however, it depends on the interactions between herbicide, crop, and edaphoclimatic conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied at the pre-emergence stage of soybean cultivars with different maturation times grown in different locations. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, in two crop seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021), in Lages and Curitibanos, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used, with treatments organized in 4×3 (2019/2020) and 4×4 (2020/2021) factorial arrangements, with four replications. The treatments consisted of interactions between four soybean cultivars: BMX Raio IPRO® (Raio), BMX Zeus IPRO® (Zeus), MONSOY 5947 IPRO® (Monsoy), and BMX Fibra IPRO® (Fibra) and three or four herbicide treatments: control with no herbicides, sulfentrazone + diuron, and diclosulam in 2019/2020; and control with no herbicide, sulfentrazone + diuron, diclosulam, and pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin in 2020/2021. The plots were evaluated for phytotoxicity of herbicides, canopy closure, plant height, stand of plants, number of pods per plant, one-thousand grain weight, and grain yield. The phytotoxicity of herbicides on the soybean plants was mild, under 11%, regardless of the cultivar and growth location. The soybean plants fully recovered from the injuries at 14 days after herbicide application. In Curitibanos, the cultivar Zeus presented higher grain yield in both crop seasons. The herbicide factor showed that sulfentrazone + diuron and diclosulam decreased the grain yield of the cultivars Raio and Zeus in 2019/2020. In the following crop season, only the cultivar Raio presented decreases in grain yield due to the application of diclosulam and pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin. In Lages, the soybean cultivar factor affected the grain yield; the cultivars Monsoy and Fibra were the most productive.
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Santos, Fenelon Lourenço de Sousa, Adriano Stephan Nascente, Mabio Chrisley Lacerda, Francine Neves Calil, and Fernando Couto de Araújo. "Susceptibility of Urochloa species subjected to pre-emergence application of [imazapyr + imazapic] herbicide." December 2021, no. 15(12):2021 (December 12, 2021): 1466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3339.
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Intercropping imidazolinone resistance crops, resistant to herbicides imazapyr + imazapic, with forage species may be a viable alternative to recover degraded pasture areas. This practice requires herbicides to slow down development of the forage and avoid reduced rice yield. However, as it is a relatively new technology, the proper management of this herbicide to control forage is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of forages Urochloa ruziziensis, U. brizantha cv. Paiaguás, and U. brizantha cv. Marandu, submitted to the pre-emergence application of the herbicides [imazapyr + imazapic]. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3×5+3 factorial scheme with five replications. Treatments consisted of the combination of the three species (Urochloa ruziziensis, U. brizantha cv. Paiaguás, and U. brizantha cv. Marandu) and five intervals between herbicide application in the soil and forage sowing (0; 5; 10; 15; and 20 days after its application), in addition to three control treatments, without herbicide application. This study found that application of herbicide on the day of forage sowing for intercropping with imidazolinone resistance crops is not feasible. Increasing the time interval between herbicide application and forage sowing provides increased development of U. brizantha cvs. Marandu and Paiaguás. The species U. ruziziensis is more susceptible to pre-emergence application imazapyr + imazapic. According to the results, U. brizantha cvs. Marandu and Paiaguás are more suitable to be managed by imidazolinone herbicides to recover degraded pasture areas
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Steinke, Kurt, and John Stier. "Tolerance of Supina Bluegrass to Pre and Post-Emergence Herbicides." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 20, no. 2 (2002): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-20.2.118.
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Abstract Supina bluegrass (Poa supina) is being increasingly used for shaded lawns and golf course tees due to its excellent shade tolerance. The herbicide tolerance, however, is undocumented because herbicide use on amenity turfs is banned in the European countries where supina bluegrass has been used for over 30 years. Several commonly used turf and ornamental herbicides are capable of harming or eradicating close relatives of supina bluegrass. In particular, Prograss (Ethofumesate) is used to selectively remove annual bluegrass (Poa annua) from mixed turf stands. Supina bluegrass is a putative ancestor of annual bluegrass and may have similar susceptibilities to chemicals. Fifteen pre and postemergence turf and ornamental herbicides were tested for their potential to damage or kill a mature stand of supina bluegrass. Field trials were conducted twice over two growing seasons. Herbicides with the active ingredients triclopyr, MCPP, quinclorac, and ethofumesate caused temporary phytotoxicity in at least one of the two years. Fall applications of Prograss (Ethofumesate) and Turflon Ester (Triclopyr) caused phytotoxicity the spring following autumn application in both years, while Strike 3 (Dicamba, MCPP, 2,4-D) and Confront (Triclopyr + Clopyralid) caused phytotoxicity in one year only. None of the compounds showed potential for selectively removing supina bluegrass from a mixed turf stand.
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Johnson, E. N., and F. A. Holm. "Pre-emergence mechanical weed control in field pea (Pisum sativum L.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 90, no. 1 (2010): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09049.
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Producers who wish to adopt organic or pesticide-free crop production are seeking alternatives to herbicides. A field experiment was conducted at Scott, SK, from 1999 to 2001 to determine the combination of seeding date (early-May, mid-May, and late-May) and weed management system (shallow-seeded untreated, shallow-seeded with pre-emergence tillage, shallow-seeded herbicide, deep-seeded untreated, deep-seeded with pre-emergence tillage, and deep-seeded herbicide) that would optimize yield of field pea grown without the use of herbicides. The shallow and deep seeded pre-emergence tillage treatments were a 2.5-cm seeding depth followed by two sequential harrow passes and a 7.5-cm seeding depth followed by two sequential rod-weeder passes, respectively. None of the weed management systems had a significant effect on field pea density. The herbicide treatments were the only treatments that had a significant effect on weed density as the application timing was more synchronous with weed emergence than were the tillage treatments. The pre-emergence tillage treatments reduced weed biomass when seeding was delayed until mid-May following weed emergence. Deep seeding followed by pre-emergence rod-weeding was more efficacious in reducing weed fresh weight than shallow seeding followed by pre-emergence harrowing; however, they both provided similar yield responses at the mid-May seeding date. Delayed seeding until late May resulted in a 30 to 35% reduction in field pea yield compared with early or mid-May seeding, respectively. Early-seeded field peas followed by an in-crop herbicide application resulted in the highest field pea yields with the best seeding date by pre-emergence tillage combination achieving 81% of these yields. A strategy for field pea producers who choose not to use herbicides would be to delay seeding until some weeds emerge and seed at a 7.5-cm depth followed by two sequential rod-weeding passes prior to crop emergence. Key words: Field pea, seeding date, seed depth, pre-emergence tillage
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De Souza Cruz, Anna Bárbara, José de Anchieta Alves de Albuquerque, Paulo Roberto Ribeiro Rocha, et al. "Effect of the use of pre- and post-emergence herbicides on nodulation and production of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in the Amazonian savannah." Agronomía Colombiana 38, no. 2 (2020): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v38n2.82196.
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As a control measure against weeds, the use of herbicides is an effective and inexpensive alternative. However, there are no products recommended for the cultivation of cowpea in Brazil, making it necessary to search for alternative solutions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of herbicides applied in the pre- and post-emergence on cowpea nodulation and production under conditions of the Amazonian savannah. Two experiments were carried out in a randomized block design with four replicates, using the cowpea cultivar BRS Aracê subjected to the pre-emergence herbicides: Metribuzin, Sulfentrazone, Smetolachlor, Pendimethalin, Oxadiazon, Alachlor, Metribuzin + Pendimethalin, Metribuzin + Alachlor and Quizalofop-p-ethyl, Bentazon, Fomesafen, Imazethapyr, Imazamox + Bentazon, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Imazethapyr, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Imazamox and Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Bentazon, and post-emergence herbicides: Quizalofop-p-ethyl, Bentazon, Fomesafen, Imazethapyr, Imazamox + Bentazon, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Imazethapyr, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Imazamox, and Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Bentazon. The number of nodules in each plant, the dry matter of nodules, dry matter of roots and the grain yield were evaluated. According to the results obtained, the management of weeds in pre- or post-emergence according to the herbicide used affects the nodulation and productivity of cowpea under the conditions of the Amazonian savannah. The herbicides Metribuzin in preemergence,and Fomesafen and the mixture of Quizalofop-pethyl + Imazethapyr in post-emergence are not recommended for weed control in cowpea. The application of Oxadiazon, Alachlor, and Pendimethalin in pre-emergence can be considered interesting because they do not inhibit the development of the root system or the nodulation of cowpea which provides agreater grain yield. Regarding weed control strategies at postemergence, the application of the herbicide Imazethapyr and the combination of the herbicides quizalofop-p-ethyl + imazamox, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Bentazon and Imazamox + Bentazon allow satisfactory levels of grain yield, root system development and nodulation of cowpea.
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Zahan, T., MM Rahman, A. Hashem, RW Bell, and M. Begum. "Performance of Pre- and Post-emergence herbicides in strip tillage Non-puddled transplanted Aman rice." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 4 (2018): 631–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v42i4.35791.
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A study was conducted on transplanted aman rice (cv. BINA dhan-7) in strip-tilled non-puddled field with some commonly used rice herbicides (pre-emergence: pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and butachlor, early post-emergence: orthosulfamuron and late post-emergence: acetochlor + bensulfuron methyl, butachlor + propanil and 2,4-D amine) applied singly or in sequences during 2013 and 2014 at field laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of those herbicides on weeds as well as growth and yield of aman rice in strip-tilled non-puddled condition. The study showed that herbicides significantly reduced weed density by 75-94% in 2013 and 46-98% in 2014 compared to the weedy check. Sole application of pre- or early post-emergence herbicide provided less weed control than sequential application of pre-, early post- and late post-emergence herbicides or application of pre- and late post-emergence herbicides. A wide range of sequential application of herbicide treatments has identified in the study that provided control on weed density and biomass by 49-98% and 56-95%, respectively. Application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl followed by orthosulfamuron and butachlor + propanil was the most effective combination in this new rice establishment condition that controlled all types of weeds successfully and provided maximum grain yield (5.42 t ha-1 in 2013 and 6.18 t ha-1 in 2014) with highest economic return (Tk. 55930 ha-1 in 2013 and Tk. 69057 ha-1 in 2014). The study suggests economically beneficial some combinations of currently used herbicides for strip-tlled non-puddled transplanted aman rice that may help farmers to choose and rotate in the same land yearwise for obtaining optimum yield.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 631-646, December 2017
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Masilamani, Poomaruthai, M. Paramathma, C. Chinnusamy, R. Sudhagar, and K. Annadurai. "Effect of Pre-Emergence Herbicides on Weed Control in Jatropha (Jatropha Curcas L.) Nursery." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 19, no. 3 (2012): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2012-eue1l0.
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Nursery experiments were carried out to evaluate two different pre-emergence herbicides on germination, seedling growth and weed control efficiency of Jatropha nursery. Three days after sowing, pre-emergence herbicides viz. pendimethalin (30% EC) and fluchloralin (45% EC) were applied at different concentrations on the nursery bags using rose cane. Twenty days after application of herbicides, observations were made on germination percentage and 45 days after application of herbicides, parameters like number of predominant weeds (broad leaved, grasses and sedges), weed dry weight(g), weed control efficiency (%), germination (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm) and dry matter production (g seedling-5) of Jatropha seedling in each treatment were recorded. The results revealed that the compatibility of application of pre-emergence herbicide of pendimethalin @ 0.05% - 0.10% can be used effectively to control broad leaved weeds, without impairing the germination and seedling growth of Jatropha curcas.
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Chauhan, Bhagirath S., and Seth B. Abugho. "Interaction of Rice Residue and PRE Herbicides on Emergence and Biomass of Four Weed Species." Weed Technology 26, no. 4 (2012): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00067.1.
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Studies were conducted in a screenhouse to determine the interaction of rice residue as mulch (0, 3, and 6 t ha−1) and herbicides (nontreated, oxadiazon at 0.5 and 1.0 kg ai ha−1, and pendimethalin at 1.0 and 2.0 kg ai ha−1) on seedling emergence and biomass of barnyardgrass, crowfootgrass, junglerice, and rice flatsedge. Regardless of the residue amount, crowfootgrass and junglerice were effectively controlled by all herbicide treatments. No seedlings of these weed species escaped the herbicides when applied in the presence of residue cover. There was no survival of barnyardgrass seedlings when both herbicides were applied on bare soil (without residue cover); however, some seedlings survived oxadiazon and pendimethalin when applied in the presence of residue cover. For rice flatsedge, the herbicide applications in the presence of residue cover resulted in lower weed control than in the absence of residue. These results suggest that some weed species can escape the application of PRE herbicides in conservation agriculture systems in which residue can bind soil-applied herbicides and result in lower efficacy.
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Bónis, Péter, Tamás Árendás, Csaba Szőke, Györgyi Micskei, Éva Darkó, and L. Csaba Marton. "Phytotoxicity levels in a wet year in an experiment on maize sensitivity to herbicides." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 62 (November 2, 2014): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/62/2175.
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The phytotoxic effects of herbicides applied pre-, early post- and post-emergence were studied in maize in a herbicide sensitivity experiment were set up in Martonvásár and Törökszentmiklós. The herbicides were applied in normal and in double doses to 37 Martonvásár inbred lines and to six parental single crosses. The small-plot experiments were set up in two replications. The wet weather that followed the pre- and early post-emergence treatments promoted the appearance of phytotoxic symptoms on maize. The degree of phytotoxicity was recorded on the 14th day after post-emergence treatment and on the 14th and 28th days after the pre- and early postemergence treatments. Herbicides applied pre-emergence only caused slight symptoms on maize. Although the double dose increased the damage, it was still not more than 5% on average. The symptoms caused by herbicides applied in the early post-emergence stage were more intensive than those detected in the pre-emergence treatments. However, the damage caused by the double dose of isoxaflutol + thiencarbazone-methyl and by the split treatment with nicosulfuron remained below 10%. The symptoms became somewhat more severe at the 2nd scoring date. Among the post-emergence treatments the maize genotypes had the least tolerance of the mesotrione + nicosulfuron combination of active ingredients, where the double quantities resulted in 13–14% damage in average.
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Ghosh, Dibakar, Udai P. Singh, Krishnendu Ray, and Anupam Das. "Weed management through herbicide application in direct-seeded rice and yield modeling by artificial neural network." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 2 (2016): e1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016142-8773.
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In direct seeded rice (DSR) cultivation, weed is the major constraint mainly due to absence of puddling in field. The yield loss due to weed interference is huge, may be up to 100%. In this perspective, the present experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of selected herbicides, and to predict the rice yield using artificial neural network (ANN) models. The dry weight and density of weeds were recorded at different growth stages and consequently herbicidal efficacy was evaluated. Experimental results revealed that pre-emergence (PRE) herbicide effectively controlled the germination of grassy weeds. Application bispyribac-sodium as post-emergence (POST) following PRE herbicides (clomazone or pendimethalin) or as tank-mixture with clomazone effectively reduced the density and biomass accumulation of diverse weed flora in DSR. Herbicidal treatments improved the plant height, yield attributes and grain yield (2.7 to 5.5 times) over weedy check. The sensitivity of the best ANN model clearly depicts that the weed control index (WCI) of herbicides was most important than their weed control efficiency (WCE). Besides, the early control of weeds is a better prescription to improve rice yield. Differences in sensitivity values of WCI and WCE across the crop growth stages also suggest that at 15, 30 and 60 days after sowing, herbicides most effectively controlled sedges, broad leaves and grasses, respectively. Based on the grain yield and herbicidal WCE, it can be concluded that the combined application of pendimethalin or clomazone as PRE followed by bispyribac-sodium as POST or tank-mixture of clomazone + bispyribac sodium can effectively control different weed flushes throughout the crop growth period in DSR.
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Kasi, Indra Kumar, N. Charitha, Awanindra Kumar Tiwari, et al. "Enhancing Wheat Yield and Economic Viability in Subtropical Rainfed Agriculture through Combined Herbicide Application." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 5 (2024): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i54558.
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The management of weeds remains a critical aspect of agricultural production, particularly in rainfed subtropical regions where weed pressure can significantly impact crop yield and economic returns. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combined herbicide applications on both the yield and economic viability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in subtropical rainfed agricultural systems. Field trials were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons, employing a randomized complete block design with four treatments: (1) pre-emergence application of herbicide A, (2) pre-emergence application of herbicide B, (3) combined pre-emergence application of herbicides A and B, and (4) control (no herbicide application). The study assessed various parameters including weed density, wheat yield, and economic returns. Results indicated that the combined pre-emergence application of herbicides A and B significantly reduced weed density compared to individual herbicide applications and the control, consequently enhancing wheat yield. Furthermore, economic analysis revealed that the combined herbicide treatment resulted in the highest economic returns compared to individual herbicide applications and the control, indicating its economic viability in rainfed wheat cultivation in subtropical regions. These findings underscore the importance of integrated weed management strategies, particularly the judicious use of combined herbicide applications, for optimizing wheat yield and economic sustainability in subtropical rainfed agriculture.
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Luz, José Magno Q., Luciano F. Fonseca, and Ivaniele N. Duarte. "Selectivity of pre-emergence herbicides in potato cv. Innovator." Horticultura Brasileira 36, no. 2 (2018): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620180213.
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ABSTRACT Herbicide tolerance differs among potato cultivars. Thus, pre-emergence herbicides in potatoes need to be studied. We evaluated weed control, selectivity and potato yield of cv. Innovator with the herbicides clomazone, metribuzin and linuron. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. One experiment was installed in 2014 (experiment 1, 5 treatments) and another in 2015 (experiment 2, 7 treatments), irrigated by central pivot in Perdizes-MG, Brazil. In experiment 1 treatments consisted of a control (T1), a hoed control (T2), clomazone (360 g ha-1) (T3), metribuzin (480 g ha-1) (T4), and linuron (990 g ha-1) (T5). The treatments in experiment 2 repeated those in experiment 1 (T1 to T5) and added clomazone + metribuzin (360 + 480 g ha-1)) (T6), and clomazone + linuron (360 + 990 g ha-1) (T7). We determined the number of stems per meter, length of longest stems, phytotoxicity, weed control, soluble solids content (%), yield and classification of tubers. The herbicides, either by themselves or in combination with another herbicide, provided 100% control of Eleusine indica and Digitaria horizontalis. Clomazone by itself or in combination with metribuzin or linuron provided the best control of Commelina benghalensis. Plots treated with clomazone presented phytotoxicity symptoms at 10 days after emergence (DAE); however, the plants recovered from these symptoms at 30 DAE. Metribuzin reduced soluble solids content, which affects industrial yield. The herbicides significantly influenced potato yield. In, 2014, the greatest “total” yields were observed in treatments with linuron (34.48 g ha-1) while the greatest “special” potato yields were achieved with clomazone (20.21 g ha-1) and linuron (21.13 g ha-1). In 2015, the greatest “total” yields were observed in treatments with clomazone [“special” (20.98 t ha-1) and “total” (35.11 t ha-1)] and metribuzin [“special” (20.85 t ha-1) and “total” (35.45 g ha-1)] followed by clomazone+linuron (30.95 g ha-1). Therefore, while metribuzin and linuron controlled Eleusine indica and Digitaria horizontalis, they may also reduce potato quality. Clomazone may be an option for controlling Eleusine indica, Digitaria horizontalis and Commelina benghalensis without affecting potato yield and soluble solids content.
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Kumari, J. Aruna, PC Rao, and M. Madhavi. "Effects of herbicides on soil enzyme L-asparaginase activity." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 4 (2020): 1177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i4.52657.
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To study the effect of new generation herbicides on soil enzyme L-asparaginase a field experiment was designed and carried out on maize as test crop. The weed management practices tested were two preemergence herbicides (pendimethalin and atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i/ha each) and two post-emergence herbicides topramezone @ 25.2 g a.i/ha at 15 DAS,and tembotrione @ 105 g a.i/ha at 15 DAS and combine application of pre- and post emergent herbicides topramezone + atrazine @ 25.2 + 250 g a.i/ha at 15 DAS, tembotrione + atrazine @ 105 + 250 g a.i/ha was applied at 15 DAS and in addition to these the unweeded control and hand weeding (twice at 20 and 40 days) treatments. Soil samples were collected at 15 days intervals and enzyme activity was assayed. In pre-emergence herbicides, control, and hand weeding, there was an increase in the activity of the enzyme from 0 to 60 days and then decrease till harvest, whereas in post emergence herbicide both stimulation and inhibition were observed.
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Chojnacka, Sylwia, Małgorzata Haliniarz, Justyna Łukasz, Hubert Rusecki, and Wojciech Biszczak. "Weed infestation and its biodiversity under the influence of different herbicide variants application in maize cultivation." Agronomy Science 78, no. 4 (2024): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2023.5212.
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CThe main objective of Integrated Pest Management is to minimize the negative impact of pesticide use on the environment. For this purpose, technologies are developed that involve reducing doses of herbicides whose efficacy can be enhanced by adding adjuvants. This field study aimed to determine the weed control efficacy of herbicide applied at reduced doses in relation to full dose at different growth stages of maize. In the experiment, pre-emergence herbicide was applied at stage BBCH 00, while a post-emergence herbicide was at the 3, 6, or 8 leaves of maize. The herbicides were applied at doses reduced to 60% or 80% with adjuvants or at a full dose. The study has shown that pre-emergence or early post-emergence (in BBCH 13) application of the herbicide had the most beneficial effect on reducing the number and biomass of weeds in maize. The use of the doses reduced by 20% with the addition of adjuvant gave the same weed-killing effect as a 100% dose.
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Spricigo, Henrique, Bruna Ferrari Schenddelfdt, Rafaela Oliva da Silva, Andreia Crisitina Silva Hirata, and Patrícia Andrea Monquero. "Management of resistant biotypes of Eleusine indica and glyphosate-tolerant Spermacocea latifolia with pre-emergent herbicides associated with sequential application of desiccants." Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias 23, no. 2 (2024): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/223811712322024221.
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It has been difficult to control Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn and Spermacocea latifolia Aubl. in cotton and soybean crops due to their herbicide resistance or tolerance to glyphosate. Thus, this study's objective was to evaluate the herbicide efficacy applied in pre-emergence, associated with desiccant herbicide in sequential application, in these species. The experiments for S. latifolia and E. indica were conducted separately in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 replications, in a 6 x 3 factorial. The first factor consisted of pre-emerging herbicides applied two days after the sowing of each species, diclosulam (35 g a.i./ha), s-metolachlor (600 g a.i./ha), pyroxasulfone (200 g a.i./ha) + flumioxazin (200 g a.i./ha), diuron (2000 g a.i./ha), trifluralin (600 g a.i./ha), and the treatment without herbicide. The second factor consisted of the application of diquat (200 g a.i./ha), ammonium glufosinate (400 g a.i./ha), or the absence of sequential application. The results revealed that only for the diclosulam herbicide a sequential application with desiccants was necessary for an effective control of E. indica. The other herbicide applied in pre-emergence showed high efficacy (> 90%) in E. indica control when applied individually. Regarding S. latifolia chemical control, the herbicides s-metolachlor (80.04%), pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin (100%), diclosulam (82.08%) and diuron (89.58%), applied in pre-emergence, presented a satisfactory control at 42 days after emergence. The sequential applications promoted better control of S. latifolia to trifluralin and diuron. In conclusion, there are pre-emergence options for the effective control of E. indica and S. latifolia. However, sequential application can be an important tool for improving the control of some weed species, such as those studied in this work, by certain herbicides.
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Perez, Martina Badano, Hugh J. Beckie, Gregory R. Cawthray, Danica E. Goggin, and Roberto Busi. "Rapid On-Farm Testing of Resistance in Lolium rigidum to Key Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides." Plants 10, no. 9 (2021): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091879.
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Overreliance on herbicides for weed control is conducive to the evolution of herbicide resistance. Lolium rigidum (annual ryegrass) is a species that is prone to evolve resistance to a wide range of herbicide modes of action. Rapid detection of herbicide-resistant weed populations in the field can aid farmers to optimize the use of effective herbicides for their control. The feasibility and utility of a rapid 7-d agar-based assay to reliably detect L. rigidum resistant to key pre- and post-emergence herbicides including clethodim, glyphosate, pyroxasulfone and trifluralin were investigated in three phases: correlation with traditional pot-based dose-response assays, effect of seed dormancy, and stability of herbicides in agar. Easy-to-interpret results were obtained using non-dormant seeds from susceptible and resistant populations, and resistance was detected similarly as pot-based assays. However, the test is not suitable for trifluralin because of instability in agar as measured over a 10-d period, as well as freshly-harvested seeds due to primary dormancy. This study demonstrates the utility of a portable and rapid assay that allows for on-farm testing of clethodim, glyphosate, and pyroxasulfone resistance in L. rigidum, thereby aiding the identification and implementation of effective herbicide control options.
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Price, Andrew J., D. Wayne Reeves, and Michael G. Patterson. "Evaluation of weed control provided by three winter cereals in conservation-tillage soybean." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 21, no. 3 (2006): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/raf2005135.
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Information is needed on the role of cover crops as a weed control alternative due to the high adoption of conservation tillage in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production. Field experiments were conducted from fall 1994 through fall 1997 in Alabama to evaluate three winter cereal cover crops in a high-residue conservation-tillage, soybean production system. Black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for their weed-suppressive characteristics compared to a winter fallow system. Three herbicide systems were utilized: no herbicide, a mixture of two pre-emergence (PRE) herbicides, or PRE plus post-emergence (POST) herbicides. The PRE system contained pendimethalin plus metribuzin. The PRE plus POST system contained pendimethalin plus a prepackage of metribuzin and chlorimuron ethyl applied PRE, followed by an additional chlorimuron ethyl POST application. No cover crop was effective in controlling weeds without a herbicide. However, when black oat or rye was utilized with only PRE herbicides, weed control was similar to the PRE plus POST input system. Thus, herbicide reductions may be attained by utilizing cover crops that provide weed suppression. Rye and black oat provided more effective weed control in the PRE only herbicide input system than wheat in conservation-tillage soybean. The winter fallow, PRE plus POST herbicide input system yielded significantly less soybean one out of three years when compared to systems that included a winter cover crop.
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Ghosheh, H. Z., and M. K. El-Shatnawi. "Broadleaf weed control in chickpeas (Cicer arietinum), faba beans (Vicia faba) and lentils (Lens culinaris)." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 51, no. 4 (2003): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.51.2003.4.9.
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Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides applied alone or in combination for broadleaf weed control in chickpeas, faba beans and lentils. Herbicide applications of metribuzin pre-emergence; pendimethalin pre-emergence; bentazon post-emergence; metribuzin pre-emergence followed by bentazon post-emergence; and pendimethalin pre-emergence followed by bentazon post-emergence were examined and compared to weedy and hand-weeded plots. In chickpeas, metribuzin provided substantial control of broadleaf weeds; however, some injury was observed. Pre-emergence applications in faba beans provided substantial control of broadleaf weeds, and the bean yield was comparable to hand-weeded plots. No additional advantage was observed from combining bentazon with pre-emergence applications. Lentil plants were sensitive to herbicide applications, which caused crop injury and reduced the seed yield significantly.
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Song, Xianping, Feng Zhang, Dongya Chen, et al. "Study on systemic and reproductive toxicity of acetochlor in male mice." Toxicology Research 8, no. 1 (2019): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tx00178b.
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Pant, Chudamani, Suman Dhakal, Shrawan Kumar Sah, and Suraj Singh Karkee. "Effect of Herbicide Application on Weed Density and Yield of Wet Direct Seeded Spring Rice at Sundarpur, Nepal." Agronomy Journal of Nepal 7 (July 10, 2023): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v7i1.62161.
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Weeds are the major challenges for Direct Seeded Rice (DSR). A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of herbicide application on weed density and yield of wet-direct seeded spring rice using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), each treatment replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of three sole applications of pre-emergence herbicides (Pendimethalin @1000g a.i per ha, Pretilachlor @600g a.i ha-1 and Butachlor 1500 g a.i ha-1 at 3 DAS), six sequential applications of herbicides pre (at 3 DAS) and post emergence herbicides (at 22 DAS) (Pendimethalin fb Bispyibac Na @1000 fb 25 g a.i. ha-1, Pretialchlor fb Bispyibac Na @ 600 fb 25 g a.i. ha-1, Butachlor fb Bispyibac Na @ 1500 fb 25 g a.i. ha-1, Pendimethalin fb 2,4-D EE @1000 fb 500 g a.i. ha-1, Pretialchlor fb 2,4-D EE @600 fb 500 g a.i. ha-1, Butachlor fb 2,4-D EE @1500 fb 500 g a.i. ha-1) and two controls (weed free and weedy check). Result revealed that herbicide application significantly reduced the weed density (35.15-86.28%) compared with weedy check. Sequential application of pre and post emergence herbicides were more effective in reducing weed density and dry weight compared to sole application of herbicide. And among all sequential application, Pendimethalin fb Bispyribac sodium (119.3 m-2 and 124.33 m-2) and Butachlor fb Bispyribac sodium (129.3 m-2 and 148.0 m-2) were better and reduced weed density higher than other sequential application at 30 DAS and 90 DAS, whereas at 60 DAS, the highest reduction in total weed density was observed in Pretilachlor fb 2,4-D EE (90.0 m-2) and Butachlor fb Bispyribac sodium (93.0 m-2). The higher grain yield was observed in sequential application of pre-emergence herbicides followed byBispyribac sodium and was statistically similar with weed free plot. Up to 55.70% yield reduction was observed due to weeds. Therefore, sequential application of pre and post emergence herbicides: Pendimethalin fb Bispyribac sodium, Butachlor fb Bispyribac sodium and Pretilachlor fb Bispyribac sodium seems better in terms of reducing weed density and producing higher grain yield in wet-direct seeded spring rice.
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O.S., Olabode, Oladapo O.S., Ogunsola A., and Sangodele A.O. "Evaluation of Alternative Pre-emergence Herbicides to Atrazine for Weed Control on Maize (Zea maysL.) plot in Ogbomoso, Southwest Nigeria." African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 4, no. 4 (2021): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafs-vesp73b1.
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Field experiments were carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the LadokeAkintola University of Technology, (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso to evaluate the effectiveness and determine the optimum rate of applying alternative herbicides to atrazine on maize plots in view of the current criticism against the herbicide. Five herbicides, namely; 3-maize force, Xtra force, Pre-maize Guard force (solution and pellet) at two rates (100% and 50% recommended rates) were compared with atrazine at full dose and 3 hoe-weeding in a Randomized complete Block Experiment with 3 replications. Maize, Variety OBA Super, maturing in 75 days, was planted at two plants per stand at a spacing of 75 x 50cm in two-year trials and maintained following the standard procedures. The herbicides were applied using a knapsack sprayer calibrated to deliver at 200liters/ha. Results showed that there were no significant differences (p=0.05) among the treatment and between the treatments and control with respect to seed germination, plant survival and other growth parameters. The highest grain yield (6757.3kg/ha) obtained with atrazine was not significantly different from those of other treatments and control. The effectiveness of the herbicides, measured using weed density and biomass, showed comparable effectiveness across the herbicides and atrazine. Furthermore, at a dosage of 50%, the herbicide’s effectiveness was highly comparable to those of atrazine at 100%. The implications of these findings were discussed.
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Ceretta, Jamile M., Alfredo J. P. Albrecht, Leandro P. Albrecht, André F. M. Silva, and Andressa Sa Yokoyama. "Can pre- and/or post-emergent herbicide application affect soybean seed quality?" Revista Caatinga 36, no. 4 (2023): 740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n401rc.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Soybean cultivation requires herbicide application in the off-season, before emergence for weed desiccation, and after emergence. It is believed that the use of preand post-emergent herbicides combined with preharvest application may negatively affect the quality of soybean seeds. As such, the present study aimed to assess the effect of preand post-emergent herbicides on soybean seed quality. Five field experiments were conducted during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons to investigate the effects of synthetic auxins and pre-emergents, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, broadleaf herbicides, and s-metolachlor or clomazone on the quality of soybean seeds. Dicamba application combined with the pre-emergent herbicides imazethapyr/flumioxazin before soybean planting reduced seed vigor and germination. ACCase inhibitors in association with broadleaf herbicides before planting had no effect on seed quality. Applying s-metolachlor (up to 2,880 g of active ingredient [ai] ha-1) or clomazone (up to 1,800 g ai ha-1) was safe for seed germination, even when used after soybean emergence.
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Gitsopoulos, Thomas, Ioannis Georgoulas, Eirini Vazanelli, and Despoina Botsoglou. "Selectivity of the Premixtures Flufecanet, Diflufenican and Flufenacet, Diflufenican, Metribuzin on Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Efficacy on ALS/ACCase-Resistant Populations of Lolium rigidum L." Agronomy 14, no. 5 (2024): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14050949.
Full textAbstract:
The premixtures flufenacet plus diflufenican and flufenacet plus diflufenican plus metribuzin are two herbicides recently registered in Greece for weed control in bread wheat and barley with application early post-emergence to the crop (1st–3rd leaf growth stage). To evaluate the selectivity of these new herbicides, pot experiments were conducted by applying flufenacet plus diflufenican at 240 + 120 g ai ha−1 and flufenacet plus diflufenican plus metribuzin at 119.7 + 119.7 + 44.8 g ai ha−1 to bread wheat and barley, at 1st (BBCH-11), 2nd (BBCH-12) and 3rd (BBCH-13) leaf growth stage. The efficacy of the herbicides at the above-mentioned rates in pre-emergence application was also tested on three ALS/ACCase herbicide-resistant populations of Lolium rigidum L. in comparison with the pre-emergence herbicides prosulfocarb and chlorotoluron plus diflufenican at 3200 g ai ha−1 and 1380 + 92 g ai ha−1, respectively. The results revealed decreased selectivity of both premixtures when applied at BBCH-11 for both winter cereals, with flufenacet plus diflufenican being less selective compared to flufenacet plus diflufenican plus metribuzin. Both herbicides highly controlled the three herbicide-resistant L. rigidum populations. The results indicated that both premixtures are effective chemical options for the management of herbicide resistant L. rigidum. To ensure crop safety and optimize efficacy, application at BBCH-12 is recommended.
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Correia, Núbia M., and Agnaldo DF Carvalho. "Herbicide selectivity for potato crop." Horticultura Brasileira 37, no. 3 (2019): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620190308.
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ABSTRACT Few studies on herbicide selectivity for potato crop can be found in literature, especially under Brazilian conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze phytotoxic action of different herbicides for potato cv. Agata. Two experiments were developed under commercial field production conditions. A randomized complete block design, in factorial scheme 7x2+1, four replicates, was used, from April 14 to September 29, 2016. Treatments consisted of seven herbicides sprayed at two doses (ethoxysulfuron 45 and 90 g ha-1, halosulfuron 37.5 and 75 g ha-1, sulfentrazone 250 and 500 g ha-1, flumioxazin 17.5 and 35 g ha-1, clomazone 200 and 400 g ha-1, isoxaflutole 37.5 and 75 g ha-1 and oxadiazon 250 and 500 g ha-1) and also a control without application. Potato plants were sprayed with post-emergence herbicide ethoxysulfuron, four and seven days after hilling up, for the first and the second experiments, respectively; the other pre-emergence herbicides were sprayed after planting. The two doses of herbicide ethoxysulfuron caused severe visual injuries to potato plants, reflected in the commercial production of tubers. However, flumioxazin, halosulfuron, sulfentrazone, clomazone, isoxaflutole and oxadiazon were considered promising pre-emergence herbicides for potato crop.