Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pre-emptive war

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Pre-emptive war'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pre-emptive war"

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Pietkiewicz, Michał. "Pre-emptive war under international law." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 39, no. 4 (May 25, 2018): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.39.4.6.

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PRE-EMPTIVE WAR UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW The thesis is devoted to problems associated with the international legal regulation of pre-emptive war. It is quite obvious that this phenomenon has a logical context revealed in national security policies individual states pursue for themselves. In this regard, analysis was made of the prerequisites for the emergence of a new doctrine of pre-emptive war, and here analysis of the “Bush Doctrine” made it possible to reveal the characteristics of pre-emptive war. In addition, the article pays precise attention to the problem of correlation between the characteristics of pre-emptive war and preventive war. It has been separately established that the current stage of international legaliz­ation of pre-emptive war requires significant improvement in mechanisms preventing this phenom­enon and the development of a system of sanctions. Important conclusions are drawn regarding the prospects for international consolidation and implementation of the pre-emptive war doctrine in the systems of international law.
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Rockmore, Tom. "On pre‐emptive war and democracy." Peace Review 16, no. 3 (September 2004): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1040265042000278531.

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Huggan, P. J. "Health effects of war are devastating: pre-emptive war demands pre-emptive criticism by the medical profession." Internal Medicine Journal 37, no. 4 (April 2007): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01319.x.

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Kleinig, T. J. "Health effects of war are devastating: pre-emptive war demands pre-emptive criticism by the medical profession." Internal Medicine Journal 37, no. 8 (July 19, 2007): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01449.x.

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Kurtulus, Ersun N. "The Notion of a “pre-emptive War:” the Six Day War Revisited." Middle East Journal 61, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 220–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/61.2.12.

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The article presents a critical assessment of the widespread conceptualization of the June 1967 War between Israel and its neighboring Arab states as a pre-emptive war both in academic and non-academic writing. Tracing the origins of the notion of pre-emptive war to international law, the article identifies three necessary conditions for such a war to be classified as pre-emptive: acute crisis combined with high alert levels; vulnerable offensive weapons; and strategic parity as regards to offensive capabilities. On the basis of a re-interpretation of the evidence produced by previous research, this article argues that the circumstances surrounding the Six Day War did not fulfill some of these necessary conditions. This conclusion also is supported by evidence related to the Israeli decision to launch a first strike.
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Franco, Massimo. "Papal Rebuke: the Vatican vs. Pre-emptive war." Survival 46, no. 1 (March 2004): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396330412331343643.

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Huggan, P. "Health effects of war are devastating: pre-emptive conflict demands pre-emptive criticism by the medical profession." Internal Medicine Journal 37, no. 12 (December 2007): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01544.x.

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Griffiths, Paul D. "The first Gulf War and pre-emptive therapy for virology." Reviews in Medical Virology 26, no. 3 (April 15, 2016): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.1882.

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Depoortere, Evelyn, and Francesco Checchi. "Pre-emptive war epidemiology: lessons from the Democratic Republic of Congo." Lancet 367, no. 9504 (January 2006): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(06)67900-2.

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Kevin, Tony. "Australia's secret pre‐emptive war against Iraq, 18–20 March 2003." Australian Journal of International Affairs 58, no. 3 (September 2004): 318–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1035771042000260101.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pre-emptive war"

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Srimuang, Sarunsiri. "The Mortality or Pre-Emtive War : In search of Justifications and Guidelines for Pre-Emptive Warfare." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9675.

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The thesis argues that, as a tradition, the concept of just war is socially and contextually sensitive and revisable. It explores the relevance of theory according to the dynamic changes in the nature of threats in the international arena and concludes that the just war tradition is still relevant to the contemporary modern threats that require an act of pre-emptive warfare. However, it needs some revision to be comprehensively applicable to the dynamic of modern threats and the nature of pre-emptive war. Due to the nature of pre-emptive war a nation launches the attack before the aggression from the other nation-in-conflict erupts. The author, therefore, proposed several theoretical and procedural revisions in both the principle of “Jus Ad Bellum” and “Jus In Bello” using the method of reflective equilibrium to create a comprehensive “just” pre-emptive war doctrine as part of the development and dynamic in just war tradition.

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Fairbrother, Mark E. "The intersection of just war theory, Romans 13:4, the Arab-Israeli War of 1967, and pre-emptive war." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.

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Sitniece, Katrīna Marija. "The Power of Values in Determining Interstate Threat Perception." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445527.

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Interstate threat perception plays a vital role in peace and conflict, having the potential to lead to pre-emptive war.  Despite the significance of the theme, little is known about the elements and mechanisms at play guiding threat perception at the state level. This study contributes to said gap by focusing on values as the driver of threat perception. The argument explores the regional constraints of threat perception, focusing on regional military interventions and their effects on the threat perception of the states within said region. Thus, the paper addresses the question of what role value congruence plays in interstate threat perception following a regional military intervention. The paper hypothesises that a higher perceived value congruence between the perceiving state and the intervening state lowers the degree of threat perception. Noting data limitations and isolation challenges, the study finds support for this hypothesis by exploring the case of 2014 Russian intervention in Ukraine and its effects on Belarus, Poland, and Sweden.
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Williamson, Myra Elsie Jane Bell. "Terrorism, war and international law: the legality of the use of force against Afghanistan in 2001." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2594.

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The thesis examines the international law pertaining to the use of force by states, in general, and to the use of force in self-defence, in particular. The main question addressed is whether the use of force, which was purported to be in self-defence, by the United States, the United Kingdom and their allies against al Qaeda, the Taliban and Afghanistan, beginning on 7 October 2001, was lawful. The thesis focuses not only on this specific use of force, but also on the changing nature of conflict, the definition of terrorism and on the historical evolution of limitations on the use of force, from antiquity until 2006. In the six chapters which trace the epochs of international law, the progression of five inter-related concepts is followed: limitations on the resort to force generally, the use of force in self-defence, pre-emptive self-defence, the use of forcible measures short of war, and the use of force in response to non-state actors. This historical analysis includes a particular emphasis on understanding the meaning of the 'inherent right of self-defence', which was preserved by Article 51 of the United Nations' Charter. This analysis is then applied to the use of force against Afghanistan which occurred in 2001. Following the terrorist attacks of 11 September, the US and the UK notified the United Nations Security Council of their resort to force in self-defence under Article 51. Each element of Article 51 is analysed and the thesis concludes that there are significant doubts as to the lawfulness of that decision to employ force. In addition to the self-defence justification, other possible grounds for intervention are also examined, such as humanitarian intervention, Security Council authorisation and intervention by invitation. This thesis challenges the common assumption that the use of force against Afghanistan was an example of states exercising their inherent right to self-defence. It argues that if this particular use of force is not challenged, it will lead to an expansion of the right of self-defence which will hinder rather than enhance international peace and security. Finally, this thesis draws on recent examples to illustrate the point that the use of force against Afghanistan could become a dangerous precedent for the use of force in self-defence.
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Tzanos, John, and Evelina Johansson. "Förebyggande interventioner : En normativ och begreppsutredande analys." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-389.

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Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka de normativa utrymmen som det finns i dagens internationella samhälle för förebyggande interventioner. Interventioner definieras som ett medel i en större politisk strategi som sker inom en suverän stats gränser mot dess officiella vilja. Vidare skiljer sig förebyggande interventioner från icke-förebyggande genom dess preventiva karaktär. Utifrån en begreppsanalys studeras olika interventionsformer och argument för interventionspolitikens legitimerande. I den följande normativa analysen diskuteras och ställs olika argument om interventioners legitimerande emot varandra, och det normativa utrymmet för interventioner undersöks. Interventioner, förebyggande interventioner och legitimerandet av desamma är kopplat till begrepp som suveränitet och auktoritet men också till internationella lagar och universella normer samt motiven bakom interventionerna.

Ett av de stora dilemman som uppstår kring förebyggande interventioner är valet mellan att bryta mot de internationella politiska normerna och skadan av ett passivt förhållningssätt mot mänskligt lidande. I dagens internationella samhälle skulle det kunna finnas ett normativt utrymme för förebyggande interventioner under förutsättning att motiven bakom interventionen värderas högre än argumenten mot den förebyggande interventionen. Avsaknaden av en tydlig suverän auktoritet, allmänt giltiga och accepterade motiv och ett legalt utrymme gör att det är svårt att finna en normativ yta för förebyggande interventioner i det internationella samhället. Trots en ökad positiv retorik från FN rörande förebyggande interventioner, samt att interventioner blivit alltmer accepterade, vilket inte var fallet bara femtio år tillbaka, saknar förebyggande interventioner fortfarande en allmängiltig legitimitet och acceptans.


The objective of this thesis is to study the normative space and scope for pre-emptive interventions in the international society of today. Interventions are defined as part of a broader political strategy aimed at changing the actual course of actions within a specific sovereign country against that country’s official will. Further, are pre-emptive interventions distinguished from non-pre-emptive interventions by the latter’s reactive character. Through a concept analysis are different types of intervention and the arguments for the legitimacy of different intervention policies studied. In the following normative analysis different arguments for the legitimacy of interventions are positioned against each other, and thereby the space and scope for pre-emptive interventions is examined. Interventions, pre-emptive interventions and the legitimacy thereof, are connected to concepts of sovereignty and authority, as well as international law, universal norms and the motives behind the interventions.

One of the main dilemmas considering pre-emptive interventions is the choice between breaking international political norms, and the damage of doing nothing and passively watching ongoing human suffering. Today’s international society would have a space and scope for pre-emptive interventions provided that the motives behind the intervention are considered more valid than the arguments against the same policy. The lack of an obvious international authority, general valid and acceptable motives, and a legal space for pre-emptive interventions, make it difficult to find legitimate grounds and a normative space and scope for them. In spite of an increasingly positive rhetoric by the UN on pre-emptive interventions, among other examples, pre-emptive interventions remain a general notion of legitimacy and acceptance.

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Books on the topic "Pre-emptive war"

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Hitler's pre-emptive war: The battle for Norway, 1940. Philadelphia: Casemate, 2009.

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Preventing war in Macedonia: Pre-emptive diplomacy for the 21st century. Whitehall, London: Royal United Services Institute, 2008.

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The pre-emptive empire: A guide to Bush's kingdom. London: Pluto Press, 2003.

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Marcus, G. B. Through a monster's ball deeply: (a poet's four-year struggle with pre-emptive war). [Ventura, CA]: By Hand Press, 2004.

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Roessler, Philip, and Harry Verhoeven. Kabila’s Pre-Emptive Strike. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190611354.003.0011.

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The final three weeks before the outbreak of the Great African War between comrades are detailed in this chapter. Its examines “Plan A,” a conspiracy involving the RPF, its Ugandan allies and a motley crew of disillusioned Congolese politicians. This coalition of the willing would in August 1998 be recycled into the Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie (RCD) rebellion but was originally meant to dislodge Kabila directly from the presidential palace. However, the de facto coup plot never materialized as the paranoid Congolese president believed the warnings his closest associates were issuing; his expulsion order on July 28 would inevitably trigger war but saved him from a likely death in a sudden strike. While Kabila may have been physically surrounded by his comrades-turned-enemies, his position as head of state enabled him to publicly demand the foreign forces to leave, thus forestalling a coup—if at the cost of triggering Africa's worst war.
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Enzo, Cannizzaro, and Rasi Aurora. Part 2 The Post-Cold War Era (1990–2000), 44 The US Strikes in Sudan and Afghanistan—1998. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784357.003.0044.

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This Chapter focuses on the aerial strikes of the U.S. against Afghanistan and Sudan in 1998, in response to terrorist attacks against the U.S. embassies in Tanzania and in Kenya, attributed to Al Qaeda. The events and the reactions thereto are presented in the first two sections. The third section is devoted to the assessment of the legality of the US strikes. In particular, the authors will discuss the qualification of the strikes as a form of pre-emptive self-defence. The last section contextualises the 1998 strikes in an evolutionary perspective. In the authors’ view, these interventions have constituted a trial run for the doctrine of pre-emptive war, fully developed by the US Administration after the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
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Tom, Ruys. Part 1 The Cold War Era (1945–89), 28 Israel’s Airstrike Against Iraq’s Osiraq Nuclear Reactor—1981. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784357.003.0028.

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This contribution discusses Israel’s 1981 air strike against the nuclear reactor of Osiraq, Iraq. It sets out the facts and context of the operation, the legal arguments invoked by Israel and the reactions within the international community. It then tests the legality of the Israeli intervention against the international legal framework governing the use of force, having regard in particular to the right of self-defence, as well as to potential alternative legal bases. The final section examines if, and to what extent, the case has had an impact on the further development of the jus ad bellum, focusing in particular on its relevance for the debate on the permissibility of pre-emptive self-defence.
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Christine, Gray. 5 The use of force against terrorism: a new war for a new century? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808411.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the impact of the ‘war against terror’ on international law. The US invasion of Afghanistan in response to the massive terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on 11 September 2001 led to a fundamental reappraisal of the law of self-defence. The US response to 9/11 was to announce ‘a different kind of war against a different kind of enemy’—a global war on terrorism. Many writers now argue that 9/11 and subsequent state practice have changed the law on self-defence, but the legal situation is not so clear-cut. More recently, the rise of ISIS in Iraq and Syria, and the military response by the USA and other states since 2014, have given rise to renewed debate about the scope of self-defence. And President Trump’s foreign policy with regard to North Korea and Iran has once again raised questions about the controversial doctrine of pre-emptive self-defence.
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Scott, Tom. The Burgundian Wars. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725275.003.0016.

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Debate over the origins of the Burgundian Wars now recognizes that the imperial cities of Alsace alongside Bern, Fribourg, and Solothurn, encouraged by Emperor Frederick III’s declaration of the hostilities as an ‘imperial war’, launched a pre-emptive strike against Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy in 1474/5. At the same time the western Swiss cities were equally keen to deter participation by the eastern cantons which might simply be an excuse for plunder. The early campaigns were led by the Bernese councillor and diplomat Niklaus von Diesbach, but after his death (August 1475) the campaigns continued, directed against the Savoy governor of the Vaud (a Burgundian partisan). Only then did Charles the Bold retaliate, leading to the famous Swiss victories at Grandson, Morat, and Nancy. A principal beneficiary were the Valais communes who annexed the Savoyard Lower Valais, while Bern and Fribourg took temporary control of the Vaud.
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Tsagourias, Nicholas. Risk and the Use of Force. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795896.003.0002.

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This chapter explores the impact on the rules of international law governing the use of force of the conceptualisation of security in terms of risks. It claims that anticipation and decision-making are central to the legal management of risks. For this reason, it first examines the place of pre-emptive and preventive self-defence in international law and then discusses evidentiary issues, decision-making procedures and standards. The political and legal debates over the 2003 military action against Iraq offer a useful background. The chapter aligns international relations approaches to risk, security and war with international law rules on the use of force.
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Book chapters on the topic "Pre-emptive war"

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Brahimi, Alia. "Pre‐emptive War on Iraq." In Jihad and Just War in the War on Terror, 55–72. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562961.003.0003.

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"The drums of pre-emptive war." In Imperial overstretch. Zed Books Ltd, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350220706.ch-007.

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"Libya: pre- emptive strikes and regime change." In The Origins of the US War on Terror, 135–64. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203080351-9.

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Conte, Alex. "Pre-emptive Strikes in the War on Terror." In Security in the 21st Century, 93–113. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351149563-5.

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"Chapter 3: Revisiting the Notion of the Pre-emptive Attack." In Violent Alternatives to War, 55–73. De Gruyter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110729894-005.

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"International law and human rights in a pre-emptive era." In The Bush Doctrine and the War on Terrorism, 203–13. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203028162-21.

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Mathew, Penelope. "Black Holes, White Holes and Worm Holes: Pre-emptive Detention in the ‘War on Terror’." In Fresh Perspectives on the "War on Terror". ANU Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/fpwt.07.2008.09.

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Hull, Isabel V. "The Great War and International Law: German Justifications of Prevention and Pre-emptive Self-Defence." In The Justification of War and International Order, 183–206. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865308.003.0010.

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Isabel V. Hull uses the German declarations of war in 1914 to examine three issues: 1) the role of customary international law (CIL) in statesmen’s decision to go to war (using Germany as an example); 2) the assumptions that state actors held a jus ad bellum; and, especially, 3) how they distinguished self-defence, prevention, pre-emption, and aggression. Hull uses not the claims of jurists, but the arguments and actions of civilian and military leaders, i.e. those who actually made the decisions for war. With this, she continues Anuschka Tischer’s and Hendrik Simon’s examination of the question whether there was a transformation of war discourses in (early) modernity that led to overcoming the need to justify war. The chapter confirms that, even as Germany began a ‘preventive war’, the European state consensus held that, on the continent, preventive war was illegal, pre-emptive war was severely restrained, and genuine self-defence – meaning both fending off armed attack against one’s territory, independence, or sovereignty, and defending the treaty-structure that guaranteed the inter-state order – was the only justification for war acceptable to the community of states.
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Forth, Aidan. "Camps Go Global." In Barbed-Wire Imperialism. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520293960.003.0009.

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Britain’s empire of camps set a template for military detention during World War I and World War II as well as for humanitarian management throughout the twentieth century. British concentration camps must be distinguished from Nazi concentration camps, which were exceptional instruments of terror and genocide. But apart from their propaganda value for rival regimes, British camps foreshadowed practices of racial hygiene and the pre-emptive extrajudicial mass detention of social outsiders in modern authoritarian polities. British camps also anticipated wartime civilian internment and the development of modern refugee camps, which echo the familiar dynamics of coercion and care that first framed the development of camps under the auspices of liberal empire.
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James, David. "Walking with the Unconsoled." In Discrepant Solace, 193–212. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789758.003.0007.

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The final chapter extends Chapter 6’s examination of consolation itself as a source of dread in an extended reading of David Grossman’s epic anti-war novel, To the End of the Land (English trans. 2010) and Falling Out of Time (English trans. 2014). To the End of the Land dramatizes the trepidation surrounding solace, focalized as it is by an Israeli mother, Ora, for whom intimations of respite are shot through with jeopardy. Analysing Ora’s pre-emptive stance on solace, this chapter reveals just how differently consolation applies to situations facing persons who fear for those who are very much living (but whose lives could be cut short), in contrast to the compensations available to persons who know they are dwindling and who become the eulogizing subjects of their own conciliations. Grossman’s Ora mounts a lyrical defence against death’s imminence, writing to repel the oncoming moment when elegy will undoubtedly be the most fitting mode of address.
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Conference papers on the topic "Pre-emptive war"

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Montgomery, Louise. "Bush, the Media & the New American Way." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2726.

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The run-up to a full-scale U.S. military attack on Iraq - “shock and awe” -- provided an unusual and ideal test the effectiveness of a parsimonious content analysis methodology designed to determine when a national leader made or would make a decision to go to war. As W. Ben Hunt’s work that is the model for this study anticipated, editorials in The Wall Street Journal clearly ramped up war fever with not only the number of “get to it, George” editorials but also with the language. Critical editorials ad-vised/urged/demanded Bush to get on with the second phase of the long-planned remaking of the Middle East -- taking out Saddam Hussein. The paper links several aspects of post-Cold War, postmodern American life -- low levels of knowledge, use of poll data throughout society, declining news consumption and others -- to paint a picture of a newly vulnerable society, one willing - polls would indicate - to listen to and follow clear, perhaps simplistic, policies even to the point of a pre-emptive strike on a small nation that many could not locate on a map.
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Guru, Siddhartha S., S. Shylaja, Sunil Kumar, and Ramesh Murthy. "Pre-Emptive Rotor Blade Damage Identification by Blade Tip Timing Method." In ASME 2013 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2013-3743.

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The Blade Tip Timing (BTT) method uses the differential arrival timings of the blades at case-mounted sensors to effectively characterize the vibrations of all blades in a rotor. This paper studies the use of the BTT method for preemptive prediction of rotor blade damage; through a careful monitoring of blade natural frequencies in conjunction with the blade tip position during an engine test. In the current study, the low pressure turbine stage of a developmental aero engine is instrumented with a combination of eddy current and optical sensors located circumferentially on the casing. This instrumentation effectively captures the engine order resonances of interest for the blade bending mode. During one of the normal engine tests, one of the blades in the LPT stage suddenly showed a drop in natural frequency beyond the allowable scatter and an abrupt change in the blade tip position. As the engine test was continued further, this drop in blade natural frequency and change in blade tip position progressively increased towards blade failure limits. Suspecting a propagating crack in the particular blade, the test was aborted and the engine was withdrawn for detailed inspection. Inspection of the rotor blades confirmed the presence of significant aero-foil crack in the suspect blade.
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Liu, Zeyu, and Perry Li. "Adaptive Calibration and Control of Cascade Processes With Unknown Measurement Model and Actuator Dynamics and Its Application to Paper Manufacturing." In ASME 2009 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2009-2625.

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Many industrial processes are in cascade configuration in which the material being processed goes through a sequence of processing units. The output of an upstream processing unit is fed into the input of the unit downstream. In many cases, the variables of interests are only available via related uncertain surrogate measurements in the all the upstream stages, and directly measured at the output of the last stage. The problem of controlling such systems by adaptively calibrating the surrogate measurement model and the use of a pre-emptive control strategy was studied in [9]. In this paper, the unknown actuator dynamics is taken into account in the adaptive calibration and pre-emptive control as well. A Lyapunov based nonlinear control algorithm is derived. The proposed control algorithm is applied to a vacuum dewatering process in paper manufacturing industry. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can regulate the exiting moisture content of each unit at the desired value.
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Schneider, Raymond E., Srinivasa Visweswaran, John Fluehr, and H. Alan Hackerott. "Guidance for Human Action Evaluations for External Flood Risk Assessment." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60451.

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For many years external flooding hazards have been recognized as significant contributors to plant risk. However, it was not until the events at Fukushima that there was a concerted effort on the part of the utilities to reassess the plant external flood design basis, identify external flood vulnerabilities and take actions to address them. For many plants, resolution of low probability high consequence floods will likely be addressed by a combination of actions involving enhancements to flood protection and hazard mitigation strategies. Over time, as plants decide on which strategies to apply there is an expectation that the most effective way to develop and justify these strategies will involve probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) concepts. The PRA framework is well suited for performing a human reliability analysis (HRA). Within that framework, HRA evaluations focus on operator and plant staff actions taken in response to plant initiating events (e.g., loss of offsite power, etc.). For many external floods, advance warning of an impending external flood event provides the trigger for pre-emptive manual actions to potentially reconfigure the plant through temporary installation of flood barriers. Unlike the post-initiator actions which tend to be more narrowly focused, these pre-emptive actions are taken in a less controlled environment, may be ad hoc, and may potentially be in competition with site investment protection activities, site evacuation, etc. The purpose of this paper is to define the challenges in defining an approach for treating external flood actions, identifying external flood timelines, identifying the manual actions/organizational environment during external flooding scenarios and proposing an integrated strategy for quantifying those actions. The proposed quantification process is rooted in management science concepts for evaluating project reliability. The overall methodology identifies flood significant performance shaping factors, and identifies three (3) factors, namely time available for flood mitigation, proper access to plant site following flood and environmental factors, as having an overarching impact on the performance shaping factors affecting each of the flood mitigation tasks.
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Verma, Neerav, Andrew Wasson, Zhen Li, Harpreet Sidhar, Haiping He, HyunWoo Jin, HyunJo Jun, Adnan Ozekcin, and Shiun Ling. "New Material Development for Offshore Mooring Chains: High Manganese Steel." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95541.

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Abstract Oil and gas industry experiences indicate that corrosion and wear of conventional mooring chain is an issue, which can result in costly pre-emptive chain replacement in an offshore environment. There is a need to develop new material technologies with improved performance over conventional carbon steel mooring chains to improve chain reliability. This paper summarizes the development work on one such material — High Manganese Steel (HMS). A version of this steel has been utilized for superior wear performance at oil sands operation in Canada. This paper describes details on HMS chemistry optimization and lab testing for mooring chain application. In addition, Gleeble experiments were carried out to understand HMS hot deformation behavior and weldability. Development testing work on HMS material has shown promising results in terms of corrosion and wear performance, relative to carbon steel mooring chains.
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Vantsevich, Vladimir V., and Jeremy P. Gray. "Relaxation Length Review and Time Constant Analysis for Agile Tire Dynamics Control." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46798.

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For military all-terrain vehicles, there is a need to radically increase tactical and operational mobility through new modalities by fundamentally improving vehicle terrain control. By characterizing the tire relaxation length and time constants for lateral and longitudinal dynamic changes, mobility control can be enhanced to accommodate agile tire dynamics. This paper analyzes the transient period of the tire reaction force development process, which is characterized by the relaxation length, for the purpose of agile tire dynamics control as a pre-emptive, fast and exact response of a tire to dynamic changes of its interaction with terrain. In this regards, a comprehensive literature review was undertaken and the tire relaxation length was analyzed for different types of vehicles and their operational velocities. The time relaxation constants, which are derived from the relaxation length, are determined and analyzed based on the data gathered in technical literature. Based on the analysis, reference magnitudes of the time relaxation constants are proposed to be used in agile tire dynamics control algorithm and hardware developments of military all-terrain vehicles.
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CIANI, Adriano, Asta RAUPELIENE, and Vilma TAMULIENE. "THE TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS AS INNOVATIVE NEW GOVERNANCE OF THE TERRITORY IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE EUROPEAN UNION CLLD PROGRAMME AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES POLICY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.248.

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In the world, the question of the good practice to manage of territory is a pillar of the implementations of Sustainable Development Goals 2015-2030. The authors are working in collaboration with a holistic approach at the topic. In this way, the Smart Communities and Smart Territories are the new paradigms in 21th Century to solve the question of the adaptation at the Climate Change and to guarantee, for the future generation, the conservation and promotion of all potentialities of each territory and identity of areas. Until now, they have use a deductive method to analyse and show, in the framework of the Sustainable Development, the Community Led Local Development (EU Programme for CLLD) and Ecosystem Services, the need to move from an emergency management approach to pre-emptive territory management. The results of this research have produced the original and autonomous configuration of a new and innovative strategy and governance based on a model that puts in synergy the three aspects of the framework that has been given the name of Territorial Management Contracts (TMC). The TMC, appear a possible shared and democratic model that could to combine the territory risk management with solutions of development driving and sharing by the local populations. This innovative approach is strictly linked with the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals 2015-2030 and the Europe 2020 (smart, sustainable and inclusive). The authors argue that the TMC model is now sufficiently mature to pass from the processing phase to that of the implementation that in the Payment of the Ecosystem Services (PES) finds a concrete reinforcement of the scientific analysis carried out.
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Shitolé, Bhaskar. "Bolt Strength in Sectional Body Construction of Valves." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93775.

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Abstract ASME B16.34-2017 Section 6.4.2 provides requirements for valves with bolted body joints and threaded body joints. The section states that valves with bodies of sectional construction such that bolted or threaded body joints are subject to piping mechanical loads in addition to the pressure rating for which the valve is designed, shall satisfy the following requirements. For bolted joints, the requirement is a simple formula where the product of pressure rating class designation and ratio of area bounded by the effective outside periphery of a gasket or O-ring or other seal-effective periphery and total effective bolt tensile stress area are less than a certain constant. For bolts of strength less than 137.9 MPa, the value of constant reduces as a multiple of 50.76 times the bolt tensile strength in MPa required or provided in a sectional construction. Section 6.4.3 cautions that the minimum requirements of ASME B16.34 may fall short in scenarios due to valve design, special gaskets, high temperature service, creep characteristics etc. This paper reviews and studies this ASME B16.34 requirement which was triggered by failure of a valve with section body construction in the field. Traditionally valves have been considered as rigid bodies when analyzing a piping system for stresses, support loads, terminal point loads and deflections. The rigid modelling assumes the strength of the valve is much higher than an equivalent straight length of pipe. Some computer programs have a provision that permits modeling the valve as a multiple like 3- or 4-times pipe section modulus. This paper compares the strength of piping and valves based on inherent valve body thickness, body sectional bolting provided and strength of the equivalent piping flanges. The paper makes conclusions for the user to be aware of so that pre-emptive actions can be taken when using valves with sectional body construction.
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