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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pre-equilibrium

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pre-equilibrium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pre-equilibrium"

1

BĚTÁK, E. "PRE-EQUILIBRIUM CLUSTER EMISSION." International Journal of Modern Physics E 13, no. 01 (February 2004): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301304001734.

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We present pre-equilibrium models of cluster (deuterons to alphas) emission from reactions induced by light projectiles at energies below the pion threshold. The main attention is given to the hard components of the emission spectra. The pre-equilibrium mechanisms of cluster emission show a kind of competition between pickup and knockout reactions in some cases, in addition to the classical coalescence. We discuss the processes in force and the interplays of competing mechanisms.

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Heinz, Ulrich. "Pre-equilibrium plasma dynamics." Nuclear Physics A 461, no. 1-2 (January 1987): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(87)90472-6.

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Marcinkowski, A., P. Demetriou, and P. E. Hodgson. "Are pre-equilibrium reactions mainly direct?" Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 21, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/21/8/007.

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Burton, Anthony, and Martin Sefton. "Risk, pre-play communication and equilibrium." Games and Economic Behavior 46, no. 1 (January 2004): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-8256(03)00115-5.

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Hodgson, P. E., G. M. Field, H. Gruppelaar, and P. Nagel. "Pre-equilibrium processes in nuclear reactions." Radiation Effects 95, no. 1-4 (March 1986): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00337578608208667.

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Unguresan, Mihaela-Ligia, and Gavril Niac. "Pre-equilibrium kinetics. Modeling and simulation." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 85, no. 4 (March 11, 2011): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024411040170.

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Köhler, H. S. "Microscopic calculation of pre-equilibrium emission." Nuclear Physics A 438, no. 2 (May 1985): 564–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(85)90394-x.

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Cvelbar, F., E. Betak, and J. Merhar. "Pre-equilibrium-equilibrium model calculations of nucleon radiative capture excitation functions." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 17, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/17/2/005.

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Kaplan, A., A. Aydin, E. Tel, and B. Şarer. "Equilibrium and pre-equilibrium emissions in proton-induced reactions on 203,205Tl." Pramana 72, no. 2 (February 2009): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-009-0030-y.

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Sinha, Bikash. "Direct photons and photon pairs in equilibrium and pre-equilibrium scenarios." Nuclear Physics A 525 (April 1991): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(91)90339-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pre-equilibrium"

1

Field, G. M. "Pre-equilibrium processes in nuclear reactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233509.

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Bezuidenhout, Jacques. "Pre-equilibrium helion emission induced by protons." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1307.

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Miettinen, Topi Olli Oskari. "Pre-play negotiations, learning and Nash equilibrium." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444838/.

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A solution concept maps strategic games into strategy predictions. Nash equilibrium is the most widely used solution concept in game theory. Three main explanations have been used to argue why players should end up playing Nash equilibrium: 1) introspective reasoning, 2) communication 3) learning. Careful study of these has shown that the case for the Nash equilibrium is not entirely unambiguous. In this thesis, we conclude with new insights into why Nash equilibrium may be too restrictive a prediction in the context of pre-play communication and learning. Experiments suggest that communication increases the contribution to public goods. There is also evidence that, when contemplating a lie, people trade off their private benefit from the lie with the harm it inflicts on others. In the first chapter, we develop a theory of bilateral pre-play negotiation that assumes the latter and implies the former. We show that a preference for not lying enables non-Nash outcomes. In symmetric games, pre-play negotiations crucially depend on whether actions are strategic complements or substitutes. With strategic substitutes commitment power tends to decrease in efficiency whereas the opposite may be true with strategic complements. In the second chapter we consider negotiation with an alternating offer protocol. As opposed to previous contributions we show that impatience may be beneficial for a player. In the third chapter we illustrate how the complexity of conjectures about opponents' strategies in the analogy-based expectation equilibrium (ABEE) corresponds to various other equilibrium concepts in the learning literature. We also introduce a payoff- confirming refinement of the ABEE where the sample of own payoffs induced by the true equilibrium strategies must confirm the conjectures about opponents' strategies. We show that there may be non-Bayesian-Nash payoff-confirming ABEE. We provide a sufficient condition for this and show that the condition is also necessary in an interesting class of games.

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Chadwick, Mark Benjamin. "The theory of pre-equilibrium processes in nuclear reactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257655.

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RESENDE, JOAO PEDRO BUMACHAR. "PRE-PAYMENT, DEFAULT AND SECURITIZATION: A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9338@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A securitização desenvolvida no modelo de Steinert e Torres-Martínez(2005) é similar em muitos aspectos àquela encontrada no mercado de Mortgage- Backed Securities(MBS). Afinal, uma MBS é um título cujos fluxos de caixa são gerados por contratos de dívida garantidos por um imóvel. Porém, MBS estão sujeitas não só a risco de default, mas também a risco de pré- pagamento, já que qualquer um dos contratos de dívida que as lastreiam pode ser sempre pago, parcialmente ou integralmente, antes do vencimento pelo seu valor de face. Nesse trabalho construímos um modelo de equilíbrio geral com securitização e risco de default e pré- pagamento, tratando, assim, uma economia mais próxima ao mercado de MBS.
The securitization developed in Steinert and Torres- Martínez (2005) model is similar in many aspects to that in the market for Mortgage-Backed Securities. After all, a MBS is a bond whose cash flows are generated by debt contracts insured by a property. However, MBS are subjected not only to default but also to prepayment risk, since any debt contract backing it can be paid partially or totally by its face value before retirement. In this work, we set up a general equilibrium model with securitization and both default and prepayment risks. By doing this, we model an economy more realistic when we consider the market for MBS.

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Liu, Jia. "Pre-equilibrium evolution effects on relativistic heavy-ion collision observables." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449185522.

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Housden, Nicholas George. "Characterisation of pre-equilibrium and equilibrium binding interactions between Peptostreptococcal protein L and human kappa light chains." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273801.

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Chung, Nguyen Thai. "Pre-integrated non-equilibrium combustion-response mapping for internal combustion engine emissions." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412952.

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Oliva, Lucia. "Impact of the pre-equilibrium stage of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions: isotropization, photon production and elliptic flows." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3981.

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The currently accepted theory that governs the dynamics of quarks and gluons, within the Standard Model of fundamental interactions, is the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Its non-abelian nature provides two important features: while at high energies the interaction becomes small and quarks and gluons interact weakly (asymptotic freedom), at low energies the interaction becomes strong and quarks are confined inside hadrons (color confinement). The asymptotic freedom of QCD implies the existence of a super-dense and ultra-hot form of matter in which the color charged particles are deconfined, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Many phenomenological approaches and numerical simulations of the QCD clearly indicate the existence of a transition from the hadronic matter to the quark-gluon plasma at large energy density, $\epsilon>0.5-1 GeV/fm^3$. Creating and studying the quark-gluon plasma in laboratory is one of the main challenges of experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Through ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions, which generate energies of $0.9-5.5 TeV$ per nucleon at LHC and $20-200 GeV$ per nucleon at RHIC, one try to get detailed information on the high temperature and low baryon density region of the phase diagram of QCD. In this thesis we present our study, within the framework of relativistic transport kinetic theory, of the formation and the dynamical evolution of the quark gluon plasma in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. In particular we investigate the time scales and the mechanisms responsible of the isotropization of the fluid produced in the initial out-of-equilibrium stage of the collision, aiming at spotting the impact of this pre-equilibrium phase on collective flows of the bulk matter and on photon observables. In the first part of this thesis we present our model of the early times dynamics of relativistic heavy ion collisions, in which an initial color-electric field decays to a particle plasma by the Schwinger effect. One of the main novelties of our work consists in the coupling of field evolution to plasma dynamics by solving consistently the classical field equations and the relativistic Boltzmann equation; the self-consistent solution of the problem allows to take into account the back-reaction of the color currents on the classical field. We find that the color-electric field experiences a rapid decay for small $\eta/s$, in both 1+1D and 3+1D space-time configurations; looking at the ratio of longitudinal over transverse pressure we find that the system acquires a substantial degree of isotropy in less than 1 fm/c for $\eta/s=1/4\pi$, in agreement with the common lore of hydrodynamic approaches. In the second part of this thesis, we extend our approach up to the implementation of a realistic initial condition in which the color-electric field is smoothly distributed in the transverse plane. This configuration, relevant to heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies, allows to investigate the effect of the pre-equilibrium dynamics on observables, such as spectrum and elliptic flow of photons emitted from the quark-gluon plasma. To this end we compare the photon production starting from classical color field as discussed above with the standard initial condition of a plasma in thermal equilibrium. We find that the pre-equilibrium stage produces abundantly photons, comparable in number with those produced by the equilibrated quark-gluon plasma during the whole fireball lifetime. This early contribution enhances the spectrum mainly in a transverse momentum range ($p_T>2-3 GeV$) where thermal emission becomes less important. The pre-equilibrium phase has an impact also on the photon elliptic flow, since photons coming from the early times evolution of the fireball suppress the contribution to the momentum anisotropy brought by QGP thermal photons.

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Parascandolo, Concetta. "Search for the Dynamical Dipole in the mass region of 192Pb nucleus in fusion-evaporation and fission heavy-ion reactions at Elab = 11MeV/nucleon." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423713.

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The Dynamical Dipole mode is a pre-equilibrium collective dipole oscillation predicted to be excited in charge asymmetric heavy-ion collisions. It decays emitting prompt gamma–rays and gives important information on the reaction dynamics. Its study could allow us to probe the density dependence of the symmetry energy in the Equation of State at sub-saturation densities, where this oscillation is active. Furthermore, its prompt radiation could be of interest for the synthesis of super-heavy elements in hot fusion reactions as it cools down the formed nucleus on the fusion path through emission of prompt gamma–rays. We investigated the Dynamical Dipole in fusion-evaporation and fission reactions for a composite system in the mass region of lead, a mass region never studied before. For this research the reactions 40Ca + 152Sm and 48Ca + 144Sm have been performed at ELAB = 11 MeV/nucleon at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, (LNS, Italy). The gamma-rays and the light charged particles were detected by using the MEDEA apparatus, made of 180 BaF2 scintillators and 6 Parallel Plates Avalanche Counters for fission fragments and evaporation residues. Any difference in the gamma-ray multiplicity spectra and the gamma-ray angular distributions of the two investigated reactions constitutes the signature of a pre-equilibrium process, i.e. the Dynamical Dipole mode excitation and its subsequent decay. From the study of these observables in the two reactions it was shown, in a model independent way, that the Dynamical Dipole survives in such a heavy composite system with similar features in both evaporation and fission events. Our results were compared with theoretical calculations performed within a BNV transport model, based on a collective bremsstrahlung analysis of the entrance channel reaction dynamics.
Il Dipolo Dinamico è un’oscillazione dipolare collettiva di pre-equilibrio che si instaura in una reazione asimmetrica in carica fra ioni pesanti. Tale oscillazione decade emettendo raggi gamma dipolari di pre–equilibrio e può fornire importanti informazioni sulla dinamica delle reazioni. Il Dipolo Dinamico consente di avere informazioni sulla dipendenza dell’equazione di Stato della materia nucleare dalla densità, per densità al di sotto di quella di saturazione, dove questa oscillazione è attiva. Inoltre, la sua emissione “pronta” potrebbe essere utile per la formazione di nuclei superpesanti in processi di fusione “calda”, come possibile meccanismo di raffreddamento del sistema composito tramite l’emissione raggi di pre–equilibrio. Il Dipolo Dinamico è stato studiato nella regione di massa del Pb, una regione di massa mai investigata finora, sia in reazioni di fusione–evaporazione che di fissione. A tale scopo sono state realizzate le reazioni 40Ca + 152Sm e 48Ca + 144Sm ad un’energia incidente ELAB = 11 MeV/nucleone presso i Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, (LNS, Italy). I raggi gamma e le particelle leggere cariche sono state rivelate usando il setup sperimentale MEDEA, composto da 180 scintillatori BaF2 e 6 rivelatori Parallel Plates Avalanche Counters per i frammenti di fissione e i residui di evaporazione. Le differenze negli spettri di molteplicità e nelle distribuzioni angolari dei raggi gamma delle due reazioni studiate indicano la presenza di un processo di pre-equilibrio, ovvero del Dipolo Dinamico e del suo conseguente decadimento tramite raggi gamma. Dal confronto di queste osservabili nelle due reazioni è stato dimostrato, in maniera indipendente dai modelli, che il Dipolo Dinamico sopravvive in un sistema composto così pesante con caratteristiche simili sia in eventi di evaporazione che di fissione. Tali risultati sono stati confrontati con calcoli teorici effettuati nell’ambito di un modello di trasporto di tipo BNV, basato su un approccio di emissione bremsstrahlung collettivo della dinamica di reazione del canale d’ingresso.

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Books on the topic "Pre-equilibrium"

1

Gadioli, E. Pre-equilibrium nuclear reactions. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press, 1992.

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Chakravorti, Bhaskar. Sequential rationality, implementation and pre-play communication. [Urbana, Ill.]: College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1990.

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SINGH, Sharma. Pre-Equilibrium Emission Nuclear Reacthb. Institute of Physics Publishing, 2021.

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Singh, B. P., Manoj K. Sharma, and R. Prasad. Pre-equilibrium Emission in Nuclear Reactions. IOP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/978-0-7503-5077-8.

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Volpi, Frédéric. Routine Authoritarian Governance Before the Arab Uprisings. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190642921.003.0003.

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This chapter presents the longer-term factors that have been known to shape routine authoritarian governance prior to the Arab uprisings. The notion of routine authoritarian governance emphasizes the ideological and material patterns of interactions between government and opposition over time. Among these interactions the chapter focuses particularly on the role that legitimacy, coercion, and economic and political cooptation played in the entrenchment of specific political behaviors (e.g. authoritarian bargains). As a counter-weight to this narrative, the chapter indicates how ‘protest costs’ have been repeatedly overcome at different historical junctures, and how regimes have had to adapt in response to these (mainly unsuccessful) challenges from below and/or from counter-elites. Authoritarianism in the pre-Arab uprisings period is thus presented as an ever-changing combination of identities and practices that has been maintained at equilibrium by ruling elites for several decades.

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Messner, Yvonne Joan. Athletic perceived competence of learning disabled pre-adolescent males and the learning of a motor skill with augmented feedback. 1986.

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Messner, Yvonne Joan. Athletic perceived competence of learning disabled pre-adolescent males and the learning of a motor skill with augmented feedback. 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pre-equilibrium"

1

Hodgson, P. E. "Pre-Equilibrium Processes in Nuclear Reactions." In Neutron Induced Reactions, 1–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4636-1_1.

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Shi, Shuzhe. "The Chiral Magnetic Effect in Pre-equilibrium Stage." In Soft and Hard Probes of QCD Topological Structures in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions, 75–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25482-7_6.

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Běták, E., and J. Dobeš. "Neutron-Gamma Coincident Calculations Within the Pre-Equilibrium Model." In Neutron Induced Reactions, 294–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4636-1_30.

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Kämpfer, B., and O. P. Pavlenko. "Kinetics of Pre-Equilibrium Parton Matter Probed by Dilepton Radiation." In Particle Production in Highly Excited Matter, 649–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2940-8_29.

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Avrigeanu, M., V. Avrigeanu, and P. E. Hodgson. "The Alpha-Particle Mean Field and Consistent Pre-Equilibrium and Statistical Emission." In NATO ASI Series, 99–100. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2568-4_10.

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Agnihotri, D. K., B. Djerroud, J. Tõke, W. Skulski, W. U. Schröder, B. Davin, E. Cornell, and R. T. DeSouza. "Sequential and Pre-Equilibrium Nucleon Emission in Sn + Ca Reactions at 35A MeV." In Advances in Nuclear Dynamics 3, 67–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4905-5_9.

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Lindsay, R., Z. Karriem, and W. A. Richter. "The Use of a Realistic Effective Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction in Pre-Equilibrium Scattering." In The Nucleus, 269–73. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4257-5_37.

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Běták, E., F. Cvelbar, and J. Kopecky. "The Pre-Equilibrium Picture of Nucleon Radiative Capture and the Neutron-to-Gamma Competition." In Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, 888–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58113-7_245.

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Schoepp, Barbara, Pierre Parot, Jean Lavorel, and André Verméglio. "Charges Recombination Kinetics in Bacterial Photosynthetic Reaction Centers: Conformational States in Equilibrium Pre-Exist in the Dark." In The Photosynthetic Bacterial Reaction Center II, 331–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3050-3_37.

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Rothard, H., K. O. Groeneveld, and J. Kemmler. "Kinetic electron emission from ion penetration of thin foils in relation to the pre-equilibrium of charge distributions." In Particle Induced Electron Emission II, 97–147. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0038299.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pre-equilibrium"

1

Hodgson, P. E. "PRE-EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS." In Proceedings of the RCNP-TMU Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812792297_0001.

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HODGSON, P. E. "PRE-EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS." In Proceedings of the International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812810175_0005.

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Avrigeanu, V. "NUCLEAR-SURFACE EFFECTS IN PRE-EQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES." In Proceedings of the Predeal International Summer School in Nuclear Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812770417_0030.

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BĚTÁK, E., F. CVELBAR, A. LIKAR, and T. VIDMAR. "RADIATIVE NEUTRON AND PROTON CAPTURE: PRE-EQUILIBRIUM APPROACH." In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812795151_0027.

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Soares Pompeia, C. A., B. V. Carlson, and F. B. Guimarães. "Configuration mixing in nucleon-induced pre-equilibrium reactions." In International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ndata:07744.

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Běták, E. "Pre-Equilibrium Cluster Emission with Pickup and Knockout." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1945215.

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Herman, M. "Validation of Monte Carlo Pre-Equilibrium Model (HMS)." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1945232.

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Běták, E. "Heavy ion collisions and the pre-equilibrium exciton model." In NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS 2012. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764271.

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Tao, Qianle, Chengxin Xian, and Yu Zhao. "Pre-specified-time Distributed Nash Equilibrium Seeking for Games." In 2021 3rd International Conference on Industrial Artificial Intelligence (IAI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iai53119.2021.9619392.

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Korakianitis, T., R. Dyer, and N. Subramanian. "Pre-Integrated Non-Equilibrium Combustion-Response Mapping for Gas-Turbine Emissions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0386.

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In gas-turbine combustion the gas-dynamic and chemical-energy-release mechanisms have comparable time scales, so that equilibrium chemistry is inadequate for predicting species formation (emissions). In current practice either equilibrium chemical reactions are coupled with experimentally derived empirical equations, or time-consuming computations are used. Coupling non-equilibrium chemistry, fluid-dynamic, and initial- and boundary-condition equations results in large sets of numerically stiff equations; and their time integration demands enormous computational resources. The response modeling approach has been used successfully for large reaction sets. This paper makes two new contributions. First it shows how pre-integration of the heat-release maps eliminates the stiffness of the equations. This is a new modification to the response mapping approach, and it performs satisfactorily for non-diffusion systems. Second the theoretical framework is further extended to predict species formation in cases with diffusion, which is applicable to gas-turbine combustion systems and others. The methodology to implement this approach to reacting systems, and to gas turbine combustion, is presented. The benefits over other reaction-mapping techniques are discussed.

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Reports on the topic "Pre-equilibrium"

1

Mashnik, Stepan G., and Vyacheslav D. Toneev. MODEX - A Program for Calculation of the Energy Spectra of Particle Emitted in the Reactions of Pre-Equilibrium and Equilibrium Statistical Decays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1053861.

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