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Journal articles on the topic 'Pre-equilibrium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

BĚTÁK, E. "PRE-EQUILIBRIUM CLUSTER EMISSION." International Journal of Modern Physics E 13, no. 01 (February 2004): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301304001734.

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We present pre-equilibrium models of cluster (deuterons to alphas) emission from reactions induced by light projectiles at energies below the pion threshold. The main attention is given to the hard components of the emission spectra. The pre-equilibrium mechanisms of cluster emission show a kind of competition between pickup and knockout reactions in some cases, in addition to the classical coalescence. We discuss the processes in force and the interplays of competing mechanisms.

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2

Heinz, Ulrich. "Pre-equilibrium plasma dynamics." Nuclear Physics A 461, no. 1-2 (January 1987): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(87)90472-6.

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3

Marcinkowski, A., P. Demetriou, and P. E. Hodgson. "Are pre-equilibrium reactions mainly direct?" Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 21, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/21/8/007.

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4

Burton, Anthony, and Martin Sefton. "Risk, pre-play communication and equilibrium." Games and Economic Behavior 46, no. 1 (January 2004): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-8256(03)00115-5.

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5

Hodgson, P. E., G. M. Field, H. Gruppelaar, and P. Nagel. "Pre-equilibrium processes in nuclear reactions." Radiation Effects 95, no. 1-4 (March 1986): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00337578608208667.

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6

Unguresan, Mihaela-Ligia, and Gavril Niac. "Pre-equilibrium kinetics. Modeling and simulation." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 85, no. 4 (March 11, 2011): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024411040170.

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7

Köhler, H. S. "Microscopic calculation of pre-equilibrium emission." Nuclear Physics A 438, no. 2 (May 1985): 564–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(85)90394-x.

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8

Cvelbar, F., E. Betak, and J. Merhar. "Pre-equilibrium-equilibrium model calculations of nucleon radiative capture excitation functions." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 17, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/17/2/005.

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9

Kaplan, A., A. Aydin, E. Tel, and B. Şarer. "Equilibrium and pre-equilibrium emissions in proton-induced reactions on 203,205Tl." Pramana 72, no. 2 (February 2009): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-009-0030-y.

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10

Sinha, Bikash. "Direct photons and photon pairs in equilibrium and pre-equilibrium scenarios." Nuclear Physics A 525 (April 1991): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(91)90339-8.

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11

Jun-Feng, Duan, Yan Yu-Liang, and Zhang Jing-Shang. "Pre-formation Probability of 5 He Cluster in Pre-equilibrium Mechanism." Communications in Theoretical Physics 42, no. 4 (October 15, 2004): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/42/4/587.

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12

Cowley, Anthony. "Proton-induced pre-equilibrium composite-particle emission." EPJ Web of Conferences 194 (2018): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819407001.

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The reaction mechanism of proton-induced composite particle pre-equilibrium emission as an intrinsic part a statistical multistep process was confirmed long ago. Nevertheless, until fairly recently it was still not clear how pickup and knockout processes compete in the multistep sequence to produce a composite ejectiles. An overview of results and conclusions based on recent (p,α) studies at incident energies from 65 to 200 MeV are presented and evaluated. It is shown how analyzing power is a valuable observable for unravelling the details of the reaction mechanism. Future avenues of investigation are discussed.

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13

Heinz, Ulrich, and Jia Liu. "Pre-equilibrium dynamics and heavy-ion observables." Nuclear Physics A 956 (December 2016): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2016.01.065.

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14

Akkermans, J. M., and A. J. Koning. "The quantum statistics of pre-equilibrium phenomenology." Physics Letters B 234, no. 4 (January 1990): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(90)92031-d.

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15

BONETTI, R., and C. CHIESA. "PRE-EQUILIBRIUM EFFECTS IN BLOCKING LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 09 (April 10, 1990): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773239000069x.

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It is suggested that, although direct measurement of pre-equilibrium reaction lifetimes cannot be carried out, blocking lifetime experiments may contain information on such intermediate processes. Numerical examples are presented for the 16O+12C system at 120 MeV.

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16

Agarwal, Avinash, M. K. Bhardwaj, I. A. Rizvi, and A. K. Chaubey. "Equilibrium and Pre-Equilibrium Studies in Some Alpha Induced Reactions on Rhodium." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 70, no. 10 (October 2001): 2903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.70.2903.

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17

Abraham Barena, Bekele. "A Study of excitation functions in the interaction of α + 59Co system at 4~9MeV/Nucleon." International Journal of Physics Research and Applications 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 011–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijpra.1001044.

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In this work, α-induced 59Co reactions in the energy range from 11- 41MeV were used in order to study the role of pre-equilibrium emission. The experimentally measured excitation functions for residues populated via (α, n),(α, 2n),(α,3n),(α,2p),(α, 3n 2p) and (α, 4n 2p) channels in the interaction of + 59Co system available in the literature [13] were compared with theoretical predictions obtained using the statistical model code COMPLET. It was observed that at higher energy points the pure compound nucleus predictions, in general, failed to reproduce the measured data at projectile energies ~11-41MeV, this shows significant contributions from pre-equilibrium emission. The study signified both equilibrium and pre-equilibrium emissions were required to reproduce the presently measured excitation functions. An attempt was made to deduce the contribution coming from pre-equilibrium emission. It was found that the pre-equilibrium contribution increases with increasing projectile energy. Furthermore, the present result revealed a strong correlation between pre-equilibrium contribution and particle multiplicity.

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18

Shi, Xiangjun, H. Gruppelaar, and J. M. Akkermans. "Effects of angular-momentum conservation in unified pre-equilibrium and equilibrium reaction models." Nuclear Physics A 466, no. 2 (May 1987): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(87)90445-3.

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19

Fabris, D., F. Gramegna, M. Cicerchia, T. Marchi, S. Barlini, S. Piantelli, M. Bini, et al. "Pre-equilibrium emission to study clustering in nuclei." EPJ Web of Conferences 163 (2017): 00016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201716300016.

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20

Bauer, Wolfgang, and Alexander Botvina. "Pre-equilibrium particle emission and critical exponent analysis." Physical Review C 52, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): R1760—R1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.52.r1760.

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21

Garcia-Montero, Oscar. "Non-thermal photons from the pre-equilibrium stages." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1667 (October 2020): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1667/1/012008.

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22

Avrigeanu, M., P. E. Hodgson, and A. J. Koning. "Semiclassical and quantum mechanical pre-equilibrium neutron emission." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 19, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 745–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/19/5/008.

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23

Lenske, H., H. H. Wolter, and A. Weigel. "Statistical multistep reaction approach for pre-equilibrium processes." Nuclear Physics A 690, no. 1-3 (July 2001): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(01)00956-3.

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24

Rae, Margaret, and Mário N. Berberan-Santos. "Pre-equilibrium approximation in chemical and photophysical kinetics." Chemical Physics 280, no. 3 (July 2002): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0104(02)00574-8.

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25

Gramegna, F., D. Fabris, T. Marchi, M. Degerlier, O. V. Fotina, V. L. Kravchuk, M. D'Agostino, et al. "Pre-equilibrium Emission and α-clustering in Nuclei." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 580 (February 9, 2015): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/580/1/012011.

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26

Ipp, A., D. I. Müller, and D. Schuh. "Jet momentum broadening in the pre-equilibrium Glasma." Physics Letters B 810 (November 2020): 135810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135810.

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27

Parascandolo, C., D. Pierroutsakou, R. Alba, A. Del Zoppo, C. Maiolino, D. Santonocito, C. Agodi, et al. "Pre-equilibrium GDR in a heavy composite system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 966 (February 2018): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/966/1/012049.

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28

Soares Pompeia, C. A., and B. V. Carlson. "Configuration mixing in nucleon-induced pre-equilibrium reactions." Nuclear Physics A 787, no. 1-4 (May 2007): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.12.034.

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29

Avrigeanu, M., M. Ivaşcu, and V. Avrigeanu. "Pre-equilibrium emission in neutron induced reactions on54,56Fe." Zeitschrift für Physik A Atomic Nuclei 329, no. 2 (June 1988): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01283773.

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30

John, Christopher, and Denis Proshlyakov. "KinESim: Pre-equilibrium kinetic simulation of electrochemical reactions." Journal of Open Source Software 4, no. 40 (August 23, 2019): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.21105/joss.01532.

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31

Akkermans, Hans. "The pre-equilibrium hybrid and exciton models revisited." Radiation Effects 95, no. 1-4 (March 1986): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00337578608208673.

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32

Avrigeanu, Marilena, Vlad Avrigeanu, and Arjan J. M. Plompen. "Pre-equilibrium–Emission Surface Effects in Activation Reactions." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 39, sup2 (August 2002): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2002.10875220.

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33

Putignano, Carmine, Luciano Afferrante, Luigi Mangialardi, and Giuseppe Carbone. "Equilibrium states and stability of pre-tensioned adhesive tapes." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (October 7, 2014): 1725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.182.

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In the present paper we propose a generalization of the model developed in Afferrante, L.; Carbone, G.; Demelio, G.; Pugno, N. Tribol. Lett. 2013, 52, 439–447 to take into account the effect of the pre-tension in the tape. A detailed analysis of the peeling process shows the existence of two possible detachment regimes: one being stable and the other being unstable, depending on the initial configuration of the tape. In the stability region, as the peeling process advances, the peeling angle reaches a limiting value, which only depends on the geometry, on the elastic modulus of the tape and on the surface energy of adhesion. Vice versa, in the unstable region, depending on the initial conditions of the system, the tape can evolve towards a state of complete detachment or fail before reaching a state of equilibrium with complete adhesion. We find that the presence of pre-tension in the tape does not modify the stability behavior of the system, but significantly affects the pull-off force which can be sustained by the tape before complete detachment. Moreover, above a critical value of the pre-tension, which depends on the surface energy of adhesion, the tape will tend to spontaneously detach from the substrate. In this case, an external force is necessary to avoid spontaneous detachment and make the tape adhering to the substrate.

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34

Ahamed Muaffaq, Omar. "Study the Matrix Elements of Pre – Equilibrium Nuclear Reactions." Diyala Journal For Pure Science 13, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djps.1303.281a.

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35

Singh, N. L. "Pre-equilibrium neutron emission in alpha particle induced reactions." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 18, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/18/5/019.

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36

Chimanski, E. V., B. V. Carlson, R. Capote, and A. J. Koning. "The role of nucleon knockout in pre-equilibrium reactions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1291 (July 2019): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1291/1/012009.

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37

Mavhunga, Elizabeth, and Marissa Rollnick. "Improving PCK of Chemical Equilibrium in Pre-service Teachers." African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 17, no. 1-2 (September 2, 2013): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10288457.2013.828406.

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38

Schlichting, Sören. "Initial state and pre-equilibrium effects in small systems." Nuclear Physics A 956 (December 2016): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2016.02.026.

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39

Xiao-Jun, Sun, and Zhang Jing-Shang. "Study of Pre-equilibrium Fission Based on Diffusion Model." Communications in Theoretical Physics 45, no. 2 (February 2006): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/45/2/026.

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40

Jeanniton, Juan R. "Quantum transition state theory: featuring ensemble pre-equilibrium approximation." Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 49, no. 1 (November 21, 2010): 208–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10910-010-9742-y.

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41

Zheng, H., S. Burrello, M. Colonna, and V. Baran. "Pre-equilibrium effects in charge-asymmetric low-energy reactions." Physics Letters B 769 (June 2017): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.04.002.

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42

TEL, E., İ. DEMİRKOL, A. ARASOĞLU, and B. ŞARER. "PRE-EQUILIBRIUM EMISSION IN DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTION CALCULATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR 232Th." Modern Physics Letters A 19, no. 21 (July 10, 2004): 1597–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732304014136.

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In this study, neutron-emission spectra produced by (n,xn) reactions on nuclei 232 Th have been calculated. Angle-integrated cross-sections in neutron induced reactions on targets 232 Th have been calculated at the bombarding energies from 2 MeV to 18 MeV. We have investigated multiple pre-equilibrium matrix element constant from internal transition for 232 Th (n,xn) neutron emission spectra. In the calculations, the geometry dependent hybrid model and the cascade exciton model including the effects of pre-equilibrium have been used. Pre-equilibrium direct effects have been examined by using full exciton model. In addition, we have described how multiple pre-equilibrium emissions can be included in the Feshbach–Kerman–Koonin (FKK) fully quantum-mechanical theory. By analyzing (n,xn) reaction on 232 Th , with the incident energy from 2 MeV to 18 MeV, the importance of multiple pre-equilibrium emission can be seen clearly. All calculated results have been compared with experimental data. The obtained results have been discussed and compared with the available experimental data and found agreement with each other.

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43

Aydin, A., E. Tel, and M. Şahan. "Calculation of Equilibrium and Pre-equilibrium 4He-Emission Spectra at 62 MeV Proton Incident Energy." Journal of Fusion Energy 30, no. 1 (September 21, 2010): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10894-010-9339-2.

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44

Kelly, Keegan J., Jaime A. Gomez, John M. O'Donnell, Matthew Devlin, Robert C. Haight, Terry N. Taddeucci, Shea M. Mosby, et al. "Observations of poorly-known features of the 239Pu and 235U prompt fission neutron spectra." EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023905010.

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Prompt fission neutron spectrum (PFNS) evaluations use provide nuclear data for the PFNS across a wide range of incident and outgoing neutron energies. However, experimental data underlying the evaluation are sparse, inconsistent, and incomplete with respect to the desired incident and outgoing energy coverage. As such, evaluations sometimes predict features of the PFNS, such those relating to multi-chance fission and pre-equilibrium pre-fission neutron emission, without any experimental validation. The Chi-Nu experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory has recently obtained high-precision results for the 239Pu and 235U PFNS which, for the first time in both cases, have shed light on multi-chance fission and pre-equilibrium contributions to the observed fission neutron spectrum. In addition to providing the first experimental data on some of these fission properties, the angular coverage of the Chi-Nu experiment allows for the extraction of angular distributions of pre-equilibrium pre-fission neutrons. PFNS results of multi-chance fission and pre-equilibrium pre-fission neutron emission are discussed in this proceedings in terms of the observed neutron spectrum and the average PFNS energies.

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45

VARSHNEY, K. S., and J. P. GUPTA. "PRE-EQUILIBRIUM FRACTION IN ALPHA INDUCED REACTIONS FROM THRESHOLD TO 40 MeV." International Journal of Modern Physics E 04, no. 03 (September 1995): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301395000195.

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α-particle induced excitation functions for the reactions 55Mn (α, n), 63Cu (α, n), 65Cu (α, n), 107Ag (α, n), 121Sb (α, n), 123Sb (α, n), 165Ho (α, n), 197Au (α, n), in a number of target nuclei from A=55 to 197(Z=25 to 83) have been calculated using the Statistical Model with and without inclusion of pre-equilibrium particle emission in the energy from threshold to 40 MeV. It is found that without consideration of pre-equilibrium decay, the data are not reproducible. As expected, inclusion of pre-equilibrium emission in compound nucleus calculation agree well with the experimental excitation functions. The pre-equilibrium fraction (FR) is found to be dependent on excitation energy, target mass number, neutron number, atomic number and, asymmetry parameter (N−Z).

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46

KRAVCHUK, V. L., O. V. FOTINA, F. GRAMEGNA, M. BRUNO, M. D'AGOSTINO, S. SAMBI, S. BARLINI, and G. CASINI. "PRE-EQUILIBRIUM ALPHA-PARTICLE EMISSION AS A PROBE TO EXPLORE ALPHA CLUSTERING IN NUCLEI." International Journal of Modern Physics E 20, no. 04 (April 2011): 1050–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301311019258.

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Experimental data of the double-differential spectra of light particles emitted at pre-equilibrium stage of nuclear processes were obtained at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro for the heavy-ion reactions 130 and 250 MeV 16 O + 116 Sn . Light charged particles were measured in coincidence with evaporation residues in order to avoid unwanted competing mechanisms. The experimental data were collected in a wide angular range from 29 to 82 degrees in the laboratory system. Theoretical model was developed in order to describe simultaneously evaporative and pre-equilibrium emission of the light particles in heavy-ion reactions. Griffin exciton model was used for the description of the pre-equilibrium stage of the compound nucleus formation, while the equilibrium evaporation processes were analyzed in the framework of the statistical theory of heavy-ion reactions. Experimental data were compared with the results of the model calculations and new approach was suggested to take into account alpha cluster formation in the projectile nucleus by measuring and analyzing pre-equilibrium alpha-particle spectra.

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47

Permatasari, Anindita Henindya, and Robertus Heri Soelistyo Utomo. "ANALYSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS DYNAMICAL MODEL WITH DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF TREATMENT." Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA) 4, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jfma.v4i2.12049.

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A tuberculosis model that integrates pre-infection and active infection stages along with two treatment parameters was studied. The model also considered the death rate due to pre-tuberculosis infection. The basic reproduction ratio was used to investigate the local and global stability of the equilibrium point. The local stability of uninfected equilibrium was analysed using Routh Hurwitz criteria. The existence of endemic equilibrium was given. After we achieved the endemic equilibrium, the global stability of the endemic equilibrium was analyzed using the Lyapunov function. A numerical simulation was studied to illustrate the effect of the treatment on the spread of the tuberculosis disease.

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48

KAPLAN, A., E. TEL, A. AYDIN, and Ş. OKUDUCU. "A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF EQUILIBRIUM AND PRE-EQUILIBRIUM (p, n) REACTION MECHANISMS CROSS-SECTIONS AT INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES FOR 25 < A < 240 TARGET NUCLEI." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 09 (October 2009): 1871–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309013932.

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In this present study, by using equilibrium and pre-equilibrium reaction mechanisms, the (p, n) cross-section values for some target (A = 25–240) nuclei were investigated in a range of 10–40 MeV incident energy. The excitation functions for pre-equilibrium calculations were newly calculated by using hybrid model, geometry dependent hybrid model, full-exciton model, and cascade exciton model. The reaction equilibrium component was calculated with a traditional compound nucleus model developed by Weisskopf–Ewing. Calculation results were compared with the available excitation functions measurements in literature.

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49

BECKINGHAM, Jennifer A., Stephen P. BOTTOMLEY, Roger J. HINTON, Brian SUTTON, and Michael G. GORE. "Equilibrium and pre-equilibrium fluorescence studies on the interaction between Protein L and kappa light chain." Biochemical Society Transactions 25, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 38S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst025038s.

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50

Correa, Diego, Dennis Cullinane, and Juan Carlos Briceño. "INFLUENCE OF PRE-CONDITIONING LOADS ON BOVINE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE STRESS RELAXATION BEHAVIOR IN CONFINED COMPRESSION." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 07, no. 02 (June 2003): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957703001101.

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Articular Cartilage is a load bearing tissue whose microarchitecture, electrochemical composition, and fluid interactions afford it unique mechanical properties. It consists of an extracellular matrix (ECM) interspersed with a sparse population of chondrocytes, varying in density by depth. The structure and mechanical properties of this highly specialized tissue also vary depending on depth from the articular surface; with three specialized zones, each with unique material properties. Typically this tissue is mechanically modeled as a biphasic material, consisting of a solid phase and a fluid phase, which can redistribute itself under loading, altering hydrostatic pressure within the material. Thus, articular cartilage exhibits a time-dependent viscoelastic behavior when subjected to constant loading or deformation, and will reach an equilibrium via stress relaxation and creep behavior. The objective of this study was to test a custom designed confined compression chamber. We characterize the ability of the test chamber to generate curves capable of quantifying the stress relaxation level and equilibrium state in bovine articular cartilage, and to show the preliminary results of a comparison between the equilibrium aggregate modulus (HA) obtained from pre- conditioned and non-conditioned tissues. Using fresh bovine articular cartilage samples, stress relaxation tests were conducted in compression, obtaining equilibrium stress and HA through a linear relation between the initial strain and the equilibrium stress. The test specimens were divided into two groups, one with a pre-conditioning load and the other without. The tests resulted in equilibrium stresses of 0.015 ± 0.0067 MPa for the non-conditioned and 0.067 ± 0.012 MPA for the pre-conditioned, and HA values of 0.205 ± 0.100 MPa for the unconditioned group and 0.878 ± 0.160 MPa in the pre-conditioned group. Our confined compression chamber successfully produced the stress relaxation curve characterizing the mechanical behavior of articular cartilage, defining both the equilibrium stress and HA. Our results suggest that pre-conditioning correlates with a higher equilibrium stress and aggregate modulus based on the fact that pre-loading the specimens reduces the effects of viscoelasticity.

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