Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pré et post récolte'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Pré et post récolte.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Etienne, Audrey. "Quels processus physiologiques pilotent l’acidité de la banane dessert (sp. Musa) en pré et post récolte ? : Modélisation écophysiologique et analyse expérimentale de l’effet du génotype et des conditions de croissance du fruit." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0777/document.
Full textCitric and malic acids determine the sourness and sweetness of banana pulp, which are the two main determinants of consumer preferences. The present work focused on the physiological processes controlling the accumulation of citric and malic acids in banana pulp (Musa sp. AA) using experimental analysis and ecophysiological modeling. We chose an integrative approach linking the pre and post-harvest stages, and focused on the effect of genotype and fruit growing conditions. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of fruit load, potassium fertilization and fruit age at harvest on the accumulation of citrate and malate in banana pulp. To account for genotypic variability, three genotypes with contrasting acidity at the eating stage were studied. Major differences in the pattern of citrate and malate accumulation were found in the three cultivars both during growth and post-harvest ripening and were shown to be the result of metabolic changes. The harvest stage had a significant effect on the concentrations of acids during post-harvest ripening. Fruit load and potassium fertilization had no effect.Ecophysiological models were developed to predict several banana acidity criteria during the pre and post harvest stages. pH and titratable acidity were predicted by a model of acid-base reactions; malate content by a model of vacuolar storage; and citrate content by a model of the TCA cycle. These models led to the identification of the key physiological processes that control banana acidity. Genotypic parameters were identified, which were related to the activity of the mitochondrial malic enzyme and of the malate mitochondrial carriers in the citrate model, as well as to the activity of the vacuolar proton pump, ATPase, in the malate model. The two models were also used to analyze the effects of fruit growth conditions on banana acidity.Combining the three models in a global model of banana acidity, and the possible use of this model for varietal improvement are discussed
Sinkora, Miarka. "Quels impacts des facteurs agronomiques et technologiques sur les déterminants biologiques de la texture des purées de tomates ? : Focus sur les variétés, la réduction des intrants au champ et l’itinéraire technologique à l’usine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AVIG0608.
Full textTomato is one of the most consumed fruit in the world, recognized for its nutritional qualities, and in particular its high carotenoid content. Climate change and the droughts it causes are leading us to a retconsider the production methods, by reducing inputs. In the case of processing tomatoes, intended for processing, an integrated approach from the field to the puree is necessary to define the effects of low-input practices on the fruits and tomato purees, but also their interaction with the processing method and the variety. We have shown that the reduction of irrigation, and to a lesser extent of nitrogen, has little effect on the biochemical characteristics of the fruit, increases the viscosity of purees and increases the water efficiency of crops. These data are promising for reducing water consumption but also underline the importance of controlling the deficit, particularly in the case of heat waves. A moderate deficit, up to 70% of water needs seems possible. The viscosity of purees can be modified by the choice of variety and by the transformation process. We have shown that the variety and the process modify the viscosity by different mechanisms and that the quantity, the nature and the conformation of pectins play a major role in the viscosity of the purees. In addition, we observed particle agglomeration phenomena that can contribute to viscosity. Finally, our work opens perspectives on the link between the structure of the fruit and the structure and viscosity of purees, and on the way the water deficit can modify this link
Etienne, Audrey. "Quels Processus Physiologiques Pilotent l'Acidité de la Banane Dessert (sp. Musa) en Pré et Post Récolte? Modélisation Ecophysiologique et Analyse Expérimentale de l'Effet du Génotype et des Conditions de Croissance du Fruit." Phd thesis, Université des Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985304.
Full textKadim, Saleh Ouafaa. "LeStockage des produits végétaux au Maroc : choix technique et pertes post-récolte." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA2001.
Full textThe food storage is a key step in the chain of plants processing activities. Despite the abundance of work in this domain, field surveys are widely dispersed. The objective of our work is to establish a repository interpretative of plant products storage structures and to identify ail the factors determining the use of a structure rather than another. This study describes and identifies the technical function of the main storage structures encountered during a survey in three regions in northern, western and southern Morocco. The survey shows that rural moroccan tribes do not have the same importance to the various plant food storage techniques. From north to south of Morocco, we met with various techniques. This technical choice is not only linked to changes in regional eating habits, it is also influenced by a variety of environmental and socio-economic. The type of cereal does not govern this choice: it is the destination of grain harvested (sale, consumption or sowing), which determines the storage system. The study also addresses the conservation of crops which are not always attaches importance. Cereals are stored in Morocco as part of food security until the next harvest. Depending on the length of storage, the efficacy of cereals storage techniques. These commodities may suffer substantial qualitative and quantitative losses due to a variety of pests. This research presents the results of an evaluation of dry weight losses due to the insects attacks during the underground storage (underground pits) and aboveground storage (plastic bags) of the cereals (durum wheat, common it and maize). Our study bas been performed in the region of Doukkala (North Western of Morocco). During a period of tow, six and twelve months, we have taken 80 samples of wheat and maize from the underground pits and plastic bags. Results Shaw the corns were preserved better of underground pits than of plastic bag. The maize represents the highest losses rates in the level of underground and aboveground storage, a weight decrease of about 3,5% and 8,740/ were recorded during its conservation. Rates of insects attacks which are low or almost zero at the beginning of storage, easily reach 4,74% and 19% at the end of one year of storage. This work evaluates cereals weight losses due sects attack during storage in our area of study, and identifies the sources and the factors responsible for insects' infestation
Gonzalez, Rios Oscar. "Impact des technologies de traitement post-récolte sur la qualité aromatique et sensorielle du café." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20028.
Full textAhmed, Hoda Mohamed Hussein. "Impact des traitements pré-récolte (chimique et biologiques) sur les écosystèmes fongiques et la contamination par l'ochratoxine A de raisins." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20052/document.
Full textThe grape and wine industry is affected by the presence of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in its products because of contamination of grapes by strains of Aspergillus section Nigri. Grapes and wine are considered as the second contributors in Europe to the ingestion of this mycotoxin with nephrotoxic, neurotoxic and teratogenic effects. The main objective of this work is to provide non-chemical alternative methods to control OTA contamination in grapes and wine, in respect with environment and health of producers and consumers. Different treatments were compared in experimental vineyard PECH-ROUGE of INRA and IFV, Narbonne, France on near parcels after artificial contamination of the Mourvèdre grape cultivar by A. carbonarius: (OTA producing fungus; OTA-PF) a chemical fungicide (Scala®); Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Trichoderma atroviride as antagonists; and a plant extract as elicitor (Stifénia®). Two untreated parcels served as controls, one was artificially contaminated. A significant reduction (38 - 42%) was observed in the OTA juice content by the chemical, yeast bioagent and elicitor treatments with juice safety improvement under the standard at 2 g/Kg. The microbiological enumeration and Q-PCR using universal and specific primers for A. carbonarius had shown the highest reduction of its occurrence on grapes and stems from elictor treatment. The DGGE gave an overview on their effect on the fungal ecosystem, that showed higher similarity between the non-contaminated and elicitor treatment (76%) followed by yeast one and the lowest treatment was the contaminated one. The results obtained from traditional methods of isolation showed that the elicitor treatment had a higher proportion of fungal species from Penicillium and Fusarium genera not isolated in the other treatments. The two biological treatments and one elicitor treatment significantly increased the thickness of the berry skins in general (wax, cuticle layers and skin thickness), which could be related to the enhancement of the disease resistance of the grape berries to certain pathogens and could also simultaneously explain the OTA reduction and the grape juice quality improvement whith particular increasment of polyphenol contents. Further study was conducted in order to understand the Stifénia® mode of action because the reduction effect of the black aspergilli incidence and the OTA contamination while the isolated strains still have the high ability of producing OTA. Trans-6-nonenal and trans-2-octenal, which recognized in Stifénia® treatment leaves with the highest significant concentration regarding to their concentration with the chemical treatment during volatile organic compound (VOC) analyses, have antifungal activity against the OTA-PF growth and OTA production with low concentrations. No antifungal activity of the Stifénia® powder against the OTA-PF mycelial growth or toxigenesis were measured. That may partially explain the mode of action of plant defence by producing leaf VOCs that induce positive changes on the OTA-PF and its OTA contents in grapes. Due to ecosystem changes observed, an other potential effect of the induced defense with Stifénia treatment could be to promote fungal strains with antagonistic effect on A. carbonarius. In vitro antagonistic test was performed with Stifénia® non-Aspergillus isolates from Penicillium and Fusarium genera. Certain strains had a positive effect on mycelial growth reduction on OTA-PF and have also an effect on OTA production of OTA-PF. Penicillium adametzioides showed the highest reduction of toxigenesis of OPT-PF. This could be accomplished by applying as the elicitor one of the tested fungi with an antagonistic effect on OTA production, such as P. adametzioides. The Elicitor treatment therefore offers very good alternatives to chemical treatments to fight against toxigenic fungi directly or by giving new potential biological agents
Ayala, Garay Oscar Javler. "Etude écophysiologique de deux cultivars de cerfeuil tubéreux, Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. : accumulation d'amidon dans les tubercules et impact des modes de conservation sur l'hydrolyse de l'amidon." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NSARC065.
Full textMounjouenpou, Pauline. "Aspergillus noirs producteurs d’ochratoxine A dans le cacao : biodiversité et incidence des traitements post-récolte au Cameroun." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20138.
Full textThe effect of post-harvest processes on cocoa contamination by OTA was studied. The type of fermentation (box or heap) did not significantly influence total fungal microflora, toxigenesis, or bean OTA content. However, pod integrity and time to pod opening were aggravating factors for contamination. The ochratoxigenic strains isolated belonged to the species A. Niger agg (producing less OTA with a maximum content of 3. 6 ng. G-1) and A. Carbonarius (for which the maximum reached 2772 ng. G-1). All the A. Carbonarius isolates were OTA producers, whereas only 8% of the A. Niger agg isolates were. The growth and toxigenesis of these strains depended on physico-chemical and environmental conditions. Water activity was an essential factor (optimum production between 0. 95 and 0. 99). Among alkaloids naturally present in cocoa beans (caffeine, theobromine and epicatechin), only caffeine exhibited an effect on growth and toxigenesis. Identification of Aspergillus species on cocoa using PCR techniques with specific primers made it possible to separate A. Carbonarius and the A. Niger agg complex. However, the components of the complex were neither dissociable by this technique, nor by sequencing of the amplificates of the ITS1/ ITS2 partial fragments. The black Aspergillus isolated displayed substantial biodiversity. A study of the genomic profiles obtained by RAPD-PCR revealed that this biodiversity depended neither on the year of the cocoa season, nor on the type of post-harvest processing; however, it could be influenced by the degree of bean processing. Pod condition and, more generally, good agricultural practices were the best guarantee of safety
Durand, Noël. "Dynamique des populations microbiennes au cours dutraitement post récolte du café et relations interspécifiques entre souches ochratoxinogènes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20232/document.
Full textOchratoxin A (OTA) is mainly produced on coffee beans by fungal species Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus westerdijkiae, and is known for its impact on human health through nephrotoxic, immunotox, teratogenic and oncogenic effects.The OTA content in coffee was shown to be closely linked to harvesting conditions, post-harvest processing conditions and especially dry processing, storage and transportation conditions. In some producing countries, damaged caused on beans by fungal communities undoubtedly lead to high OTA contents in coffee. In order to understand the OTA contamination process, the dynamics and biodiversity of microbial populations (bacteria, yeast and moulds) was analyzed during post-harvest treatment by use of a global microbial ecology approach at the molecular level, so-called PCR-DGGE. Specific variations in evolution and diversity of microbial flora were observed as a function of the step and type of treatment, which were specific of the location of production. The genomic region targeted by the global approach and the genetic proximity of ochratoxigenic fungal strains made their study and identification difficult using the the global approach. In addition, a simple and rapid method for the molecular differentiation of A. westerdijkiae and A. ochraceus was established and, coupled with image analysis, allowed the quantification of A. westerdijkiae.Moreover, competition and inhibition effects on growth and OTA production (>90%) could be observed for low OTA producers A. niger and A. ochraceus species towards the high OTA producer A. westerdijkiae species. Results obtained during this study are of importance for understanding microbial population dynamics during coffee transformation processes. Moreover, it provides possible clues for prevention and control of coffee contamination by OTA
Belkacem, Nesrine. "Distribution des moisissures post-récolte et action antifongique des bactéries lactiques isolées du blé dur en Tunisie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4350.
Full textDuring storage and under bad storage conditions, wheat grains can undergo various alterations caused by fungal growth. Molds can produce toxins that can have an impact on consumer health. Assessment of fungal diversity on wheat storage locally produced cereal in northern Tunisia during two successive years (2010-2011 and 2011-2012) showed a dominance of the genus Alternaria. Study of kinetics evolution of mycoflora during storage is characterized by a particular pattern depending on geographic and temporal parameters and ecophysiological conditions. Evaluation of toxigenic fungal revealed a low percentage of ochratoxinogenic isolates. Occurence of OTA in wheat showed contamination levels under European standards. The study on sporulation physiology and production of OTA by Solid State Fermentation by A. carbonarius shown amplification and production of conidiospores OTA wet forced by aeration. The evaluation of the antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the 15 wheat storage against 8 post-harvest molds showed good ability of Lb. plantarum to inhibit the growth of these fungi. The study of anti-ochratoxinogène activity Lb. LabN10 plantarum, Lb. and P. graminis LabN11 LabN12 pentosaceus showed a significant effect of temperature, pH and the bacterial biomass on the inhibition of the fungal biomass and on the reduction of OTA
Carron, Coralie. "Maturation des pré-ribosomes humains et nucléologenèse post-mitotique." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1102/.
Full textMostly studied in the yeast S. Cerevisiae, ribosome biogenesis is a ubiquitous process, which is still poorly described in mammals. Recent studies performed in these organisms have revealed new maturation steps in mammals. These differences between yeast and human pre-rRNA processing together with the increasing number of diseases linked to ribosome biogenesis defects have fueled interest for these mechanisms in pluricellular organisms, especially Human. The objective of this thesis was to better define the mechanism underlying assembly and maturation of the small subunit, the production of which is simpler than that of the large subunit. This study was focused in two human orthologs of yeast pre-ribosomal factors, Enp1p and Tsr1p, known to be required at distinct steps of 40S particle maturation, i. E. Early and nuclear step for Enp1p and late and cytoplasmic step for Tsr1p. Our results show that these two proteins have conserved functions in mammalian small subunit biogenesis compared to yeast. However, we also find differences in the coordination between the export and the maturation of the pre-40S particle, and we describe a new 18S rRNA processing intermediate in human cells, the 21S-C pre-rRNA. After depletion of bystin or ribosomal protein, we unexpectedly observed a defect in pre-nucleolar bodies resorption at the end of the mitosis. Pre-nucleolar bodies (PNBs) are transient structures, described as assembly platforms for nucleoli reformation. Our results show for the first time that ribosome maturation is reactivated in PNBs. This leads us to propose that the ordered and progressive resorption of PNBs at the unset of the G1 phase is directed by pre-rRNA processing. Interestingly, depletion of some ribosomal proteins involved in DBA prevents resorption of PNBs and delays progression through G1 phase, which raises the issue of the possible involvement of post-mitotic nuclear organization defects in pathophysiological mechanisms. These results highlight ribosome biogenesis specificities in mammals and define part of post-mitotic nucleologenesis mechanisms
Bourget, Stéphanie. "Évaluation de l'effet des champs magnétiques statiques sur le mûrissement et la sénescence des tomates en post-récolte." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28619/28619.pdf.
Full textHamdouche, Yasmine. "Discrimination des procédés de transformation post-récolte du Cacao et du Café par analyse globale de l’écologie microbienne." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSAM0014/document.
Full textCocoa and coffee are the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. They undergo many post-harvest transformations in producing countries (tropical) before being exported. Post-harvest processes differ from one country to another and from one production site to another. The technological transformation of cocoa on commercial beans and of coffee to green coffee requires a primary process handling. These practices play a crucial role in global and organoleptic quality of the products that will be processed. Our work hypothesis isthat different post-harvest processing applied to coffee and cocoa have an influence on the structure of microbial communities. The main objective was to measure this effect by performing a global analysis of microbial ecology using a molecular biology tool (PCR-DGGE, PCR amplification coupled to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). This technique allows variations in microbial communities to be detected and the main microbial species to be identified by sequencing.Our approach permitted to discriminate treatments, and the geographical origin of Cameroonian and Indonesian coffees. Notably, we showed that geographical origin and coffee species have a minor impact on the structure of the microbial communities when compared to the type of process used (wet or dry).By applying the approach to cocoa, we could link the global analysis of microbial ecology (PCR-DGGE) to the analysis of volatile compounds (SPME-GC-MS) to discriminate the different post-harvest treatments. Micro-fermentation were carried out with strains isolated from cocoa (L. fermentum, A. pasteurianus, P. kudriavzevii and P. mashurica) in order to identify the origin of the volatile compounds detected in the fermented cocoa. This study contributed to to show that fermentation combined with a short storage duration before fermentation is the best method to obtain cocoa beans with more desirable aromatic compounds. The statistical analysis was used to combine the results of the two types of analyzes (microbial ecology and aromatic compounds) and get relations between the detected microbial species and volatile compounds. The identified aromatic profiles prompted us to consider the use of the tested microbial strains as starter culture for cocoa fermentation
Läpple, Marianne. "Les troubles dépressifs de la pré-, péri- et post- ménopause." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05A031.
Full textDjossou, Olga Noudehouenou. "Mycoflore post-récolte du café robusta et utilisation des bactéries lactiques pour le contrôle des moisissures mycotoxinogènes et de l'ochratoxine A." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30039.
Full textOne of the objectives of this thesis was to describe the significant contamination of robusta coffee beans (Coffea canephora) by moulds during the post-harvest processing of coffee cherries in the dry process. The sampling strategy was to take samples for two consecutive years (2008 and 2009) from different areas of coffee production in Ivory Coast and on the other hand, from the same area but from coffee producers using different methods of drying of coffee beans. From 31 samples, 218 wild strains of fungi were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media and identified. These filamentous fungi were as follows: black Aspergilli (52%); green Aspergilli (13%), Penicillium (10%), Mucor (16%), Fusarium (4%) and others (5%). The black Aspergilli were found to include Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus carbonarius representing 52% of the fungal population, with a proportion of 30% in 2008 and 70% in 2009 of the total fungal flora. This group was selected to study more about their mycotoxin production. Most strains grown on media and at specific incubation conditions, were capable of producing one or more kinds of mycotoxins. Analysis of mycotoxins from fungi isolated from less than a hundred robusta coffee showed that ochratoxin A (OTA) was not the only mycotoxin that may contaminate the robusta coffee in Ivory Coast. Indeed, several strains belonging to the species Aspergillus Nigri group had shown their ability to produce not only ochratoxin A but also aflatoxin. However, the species A. carbonarius remains as the most ochratoxigenic strain but it does not produce aflatoxin.In parallel to the isolation of fungi, 44 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were also isolated from fresh coffee cherries, harvested in Ivory Coast in 2009. The morphological, biochemical and growth characteristics were studied. Molecular identification of strains ranked them to be in the group of Lactobacillus plantarum sp. After a screening experiment, it was possible to select two strains of LAB with a significant effect of inhibiting fungal growth by producing mycotoxins. The two strains of Lactobacillus plantarum showed antifungal activity against strains of Aspergillus carbonarius which is highly ochratoxigenic. Therefore the prevention of mycotoxigenicity of robusta coffee, could be rised by inhibiting the growth of certain ochratoxigenic fungi. The results achieved in this thesis serve as a basis to continue the study on one hand with field trials to test the effectiveness of selected LAB on the other hand, look for active biomolecules against spore germination of contaminants especially the natural post-harvest coffee beans in Ivory Coast and fruits and vegetables in general
Gaspar, José Walter. "Etude du développement et du métabolisme post-récolte de la mangue (Mangifera indica L. ) à l'aide de stratégies haut débit." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20055.
Full textTannous, Joanna. "Patuline, mycotoxine de Penicillium expansum, principal pathogène post-récolte des pommes : nouvelles données sur sa biosynthèse et développement d'approches préventives." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0030/document.
Full textAmong diseases affecting apples, blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum is a major concern causing yield and quality losses due to the production of mycotoxins, of which patulin is the most alarming one. This mycotoxin was proven to be harmful for humans and animals. The pathogen growth and the patulin production occur under specific physico-chemical conditions (temperature, pH…). However, the description of these conditions in literature remains largely insufficient for the development of strategies to fight the development of the fungus. Furthermore, patulin remains, along with ochratoxin A, the only toxins for which the biosynthetic pathway is not fully established yet at both chemical and molecular levels. Firstly, this study provides supplementary data on the physico-chemical factors that modulate P. expansum growth and its ability to produce patulin. The acquaintance of these conditions leads, in practice, to the control of the patulin contamination along the food chain. Secondly, significant improvements were brought on the fundamental level, especially by elucidating the patulin biosynthetic pathway. The cluster of genes involved in the biosynthesis of this mycotoxin was fully identified and characterized in the species of greatest concern P. expansum. In order to reveal additional info on the biosynthesis of this mycotoxin, the specific factor of the pathway (patL) was characterized. The disruption of this gene has led to failure in patulin production and an important decrease in Pat genes expression. Furthermore, pathogenesis studies, using this same deficient strain showed that patulin potentially acts as a virulence factor during P. expansum development on apples. The last step of the patulin biosynthetic pathway was later characterized by site-directed mutagenesis of the patE gene in the same species. This gene encodes a Glucose Methanol Choline (GMC) oxidoreductase that is responsible for the conversion of ascladiol to patulin. Ascladiol is not only the last intermediate in the patulin pathway but also the main product of patulin degradation during the alcoholic fermentation of apple juice. The non-toxicity of ascladiol accumulated by the ΔpatE strain was proved against the human Caco-2 cell line. Finally a Real time PCR assay was developed to specifically detect and quantify P. expansum. This was done by targeting a highly specific gene from the patulin gene cluster in P. expansum, patF. This predictive approach allowed the quick estimation of the patulin content via the quantification of the P. expansum DNA in apples. To conclude, this thesis is part of the patulin's risk management study in the fruit sector; it provides significant improvements on both fundamental and practical levels. These advances are mainly characterized by the sequencing of the patulin gene cluster, the development of a molecular diagnostic tool and the demonstration of the non-cytotoxicity of ascladiol
Da, Guillaume. "Les procédés de transformation post-récolte du manioc à petite échelle dans les villages métiers au Vietnam : analyses et potentialités d'innovations." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS033.
Full textThis study deals with the analysis and the potentialities for improvement of the manufacturing process for producing cassava starch at the household level in developing countries. Despite the great diversity of the technologies employed in different socio-economic contexts, few studies analyzed the performances of these manufacturing processes at this level. This thesis, based on a case study, proposes a method of analysis of the manufacturing process for producing starch from cassava and its optimization at this small scale. To begin with, it aims to carry out a double diagnosis: a first phase consisting of a participatory assessment with the stakeholders from the cassava processing value chain; followed by a quantitative assessment in which balance sheet flows of materials and energy are measured and performed. The comparison with other processing technologies in Colombia is also carried out. In the second phase, the processing stages and the possible technological innovations are analyzed by modeling two types of realistic extractors. The case study was conducted in a cluster of craft villages in northern Vietnam. The results showed that the main differences between the three processing types, which differ in the rasping and extraction stages, were in capacities, water consumptions and electrical requirements. New technologies have been adopted in order to overcome high space limitation constraints for processing activities. Thus, a dynamic model was obtained for two types of extractors in order to reduce the quantity of discharged liquid waste. A simulation of a recycling process for both types of extractors showed that the water consumption level could be reduced from 35% to 43%. The realistic design of this optimization is proposed without major modification of the equipment. Looking ahead, the methodology proposed in this study is formalized in order to be improved and used as a basis for other process of manufacturing and products
Piccino, Sébastien. "Rôle des constituants chimiques du café vert, du terroir et des traitements post-récolte sur la qualité aromatique du "Bourbon Pointu"." Thesis, La Réunion, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LARE0021.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of “Bourbon Pointu” coffee, Coffea arabica var. laurina, born from a spontaneous mutation of the Bourbon variety in Reunion Island. The mean contents of non-volatile main compounds of green coffee are (percentage of dry matter): sucrose (7.1), trigonellin (1.3), caffeine (0.75), cafeoyl-5-quinic acid (1.7), palmitic acid (5.0), linoleic acid (6.5). Sensory analysis allowed to develop an original short time roasting profile. Among the 145 volatiles compounds extracted from roasted coffee powders by SPME, the mean contents of the five major components (ppm) are: acetic acid (34), 2-furanmethanol (117), 5-methyl-2-furfural (166), furfural (144), 2 methylpyrazine (47). These five volatile compounds extracted by SPE are found in the brew coffee: acetic acid (23), 2-furanmethanol (405), 5-methyl-2-furfural (36), furfural (85), 2- methylpyrazine (73) plus -butyrolactone (97). The ratio of molecule content to its perception threshold defines the “Odor Activity Value” (OAV). The conversion of the contents of volatile compounds in units OAV emphasized nine molecules with an important olfactory impact: 2-furfurylthiol (roasted coffee), 2-methylpropanal (chocolate), dodecanal (citrus), 2-ethylhexan-1-ol (citrus),-pinene (woody, citrus), furfural (woody, caramel), 2-hydroxy-3-methylcyclopent-2-en-1-one (maple), hex-2-enal (green apple), 2-methylbut-2- enal (fruity, green). The determination of these OAV differentiated the three commercial categories related to their typical odor due to the predominance of aldehydes for the "Grand cru", phenylacetaldehyde for "Sublime" and pyrazines for "Authentic". Geoclimatic conditions and post-harvest processing have a significant influence on the green coffee composition, on the flavors generated during roasting and thus, on the coffee distribution in the three categories. All these results define the "Bourbon Pointu" as a premium coffee and classify it as a "specialty coffee."
Yaganza, Elian-Simplice. "Utilisation post-récolte de sels organiques et inorganiques pour lutter contre la pourriture molle de la pomme de terre : base physico-chimique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23112/23112.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of 21 organic and inorganic salts to control Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc) and Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca), two bacteria responsible for soft rot development in stored potato tubers. The results have shown that eleven salts (at 0.2 M) have completely inhibited the bacterial growth in vitro, among which sodium carbonate, sodium metabisulfite, trisodium phosphate, aluminum lactate, aluminum chloride, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium acetate, aluminum di-hydroxy-acetate, potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate were bactericidal. On potato tubers, only aluminum chloride, sodium metabisulfite and to a lesser extent sodium benzoate have markedly controlled the disease severity, during both curative and preventive applications. Based on the obtained results, it appears that the inhibitory effect of salts in vitro relates to the water ionization capacity (low pKa or low pKb) of their constituent ions, as well as their lipophilicity. However, the effect was dampened in vivo, presumably due to the buffering capacity of tuber tissue and Donnan effect which could lead to generation of less effective ionic species. It is likely that those salts effective in vivo exhibit other properties contributing to their effectiveness. Ultrastructural studies on Eca showed that aluminum chloride caused rupture of bacterial envelope, and cytoplasmic aggregation, which were not observed in the bacteria treated with sodium metabisulfite. These observations suggest that a part of the toxic effect of aluminum chloride originates from alterations of the bacterial envelope, whereas rapid bacterial death caused by sodium metabisulfite occurs intracellularly through interaction with biomolecules, facilitated by the diffusion of SO2. Finally, evaluation of the effect of salts on tuber quality revealed that tuber weight loss was generally higher with aluminum chloride and sodium metabisulfite treatments, while the organic salts, particularly sodium benzoate, increased sugar content of the tubers. It was concluded that aluminum chloride and sodium metabisulfite can be profitably used to fight potato storage soft rot.
Borderies, Jean-René. "Les canaux calciques pré- et post-jonctionnels de l'intestin : comparaison porc, rat, homme." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1A003.
Full textDachoupakan, Cheewanun. "Contaminants ochratoxinogènes du raisin : biodiversité et facteurs de toxinogénèse." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20098.
Full textThe wine-producing sector, notably in region Languedoc-Roussillon, is touched by the Ochratoxine A problem. Ochratoxine A is a fungal toxin with nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects. The wine is considered as the second cause in the ingestion of this toxin in the food behind cereal. Therefore, the European rule fixed the maximal limit of OTA content of wines and juice to 2 µg/Kg. The production of toxin is due to contamination of the grape by fungal strains of Aspergillus section Nigri. To help to fight against this problem, the fungal biodiversity of grapes and the toxigenesis of contaminants identified as well as the content in toxin of grape juices were characterized and followed for 4 years of harvest, on various geographical zones, various grape varieties and according to the treatment of the vine. A natural active treatment as stimulating of the defences was compared with a chemical treatment to assure the sanitary protection of the grape and the wine against the fungal ochratoxigenic contaminants. The main results allowed to show an important diversity of fungal strains according to grape variety, the treatment, the geographical region and the year of harvest. The use of the biological treatment leads to a maximal reduction from 50 to 80 % of the rate of OTA on 60 % of the samples of grape juices and wines. To understand and explain mechanisms involved in the action of the alternate treatments, the analyses of composition of grapes and volatile compounds of leaves were realized. The production of leaves and fruits can, indeed, be modified by stimulation of the natural defences and can lead to the production of factors of selection or inhibition of the fungal growth or the toxigenesis. The obtained preliminary results let see that there is, indeed, an action at the level of grapes treated biologically which have more thick skins and contents in acids different from grapes treated chemically, what could hamper the penetration of moulds in berries and interfere with their toxigenesis. Furthermore, differences of composition and content in volatile compounds of leaves stemming from 2 types of treatment are observed, with notably contents in aldehydes more raised after stimulation of the defences of the plant. Some of these compounds could have an antifungal action being translated by a decrease of the growth and the toxigenesis of ochratoxigenic contaminants
Blanc, Judite. "Évènement sismique de 2010 en Haïti et psychopathologies : facteurs de risques pré, péri et post-traumatiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD070/document.
Full textShort-term, mid-range and long-term psychological evaluation of earthquake survivors reveals that certain psychiatric symptoms frequently exist in these populations, specifically PTSD and Depression. The principal objectives of this work were to address current gaps in scientific knowledge related to potential relationships between specific pre, peri and post-traumatic variables and the development of posttraumatic psychopathology in vulnerable groups following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Study no 1- Objective : This study examines associations between religious beliefs regarding the origin of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and posttraumatic symptomatology as well as resilience among survivors. The severity of depressive symptoms was associated with a score <80 on the CD-RISC (x2 = 7.49, df = 1,p <0.01) and were more prevalent among Voodoo Adherents than among their counterparts with different belief systems (x2 = 9.05, df = 1, p <0.01).Study no 2- Objective : This study, conducted one year after the 2010 earthquake, assessed the effect of a psycho-social intervention implemented among children residing in a displacement camp in Port-au-Prince compared with a control group. The two groups were homogeneous in terms of the intensity of the peritraumatic distress they experienced. No significant difference was noted between the experimental and control group in their endorsement of PTSD symptoms or in their scores on a depression scale. In three out of the four sub-scales of the Child Behavior Check-List, there was no significant difference noted either. Study no 3- Objective : In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of a Haitian Creole version of the PTSD checklist among 364 mothers exposed to the 2010 earthquake and the prevalence of PTSD symptoms among them, 3 years after the event. Our findings included that 22,3% of our sample would possibly meet the criteria for PTSD even three years after the earthquake. The creole version of PCL-S is a reliable measure of PTSD symptoms among female creole speakers. Study no 4- Objective : This study investigated the prevalence of autistic behaviors in a cohort of young children (n-364) who were exposed in utero to the devastating 2010 earthquake in Haiti, 3 years after theevent. A significant minority (2.2%) of our sample met criteria for severe autistics behaviors. Study no 5- Objective : This study, conducted 3 years after the 2010 Haiti earthquake targeted women who were pregnant during the earthquake and their offspring who were in utero at the time of the event. Specifically, the study assessed the association between maternal exposure to the earthquake with autistic, behavioral, and emotional symptoms of the offspring at age three. Current maternal PTSD symptoms was an independent predictor of the offspring’s autistic behaviors (=. 370, p<. 001) as well as behavioral and emotional problems (=. 467, p<. 001). Study no 6- Objective: This study comprised a qualitative analysis of a single mother and child dyadscreened in the quantitative survey. In addition to displaying symptoms of autism, the young child also suffers from recurrent seizures. Maternal history of physical and psychological trauma has implications forco-morbidity of autism and epilepsy offspring who were in utero at the time of the trauma and such dyadsshould be targeted for therapeutic intervention and follow-up in the future
Hervieux, Viviane. "Stratégies de lutte contre la tache argentée de la pomme de terre, traitements fongicides de la semence et application post-récolte de sels organiques et inorganiques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/MQ55860.pdf.
Full textMolle, Guillaume. "Ua Huka, une île dans l'Histoire : histoire pré-et post-européenne d'une société marquisienne." Polynésie française, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POLF0006.
Full textOur study is the first outcome intending to follow the historical trajectory of the society of Ua Huka in Marquesas, from the first human settlement, around 800-900 AD. To the arrival of Westerners during the nineteenth century. We first propose to reconstruct the local chronological sequence. Stratigraphic analysis and radiocarbon dating of archaeological records (dune and valley sites) allow us to build a combined sequence of long duration, covering nearly a millennium. Some cultural markers of various natures were identified and divide the trajectory into several phases that we are now able to qualify. Subsequently, the island's history is considered through different themes. Based on some examples from well-surveyed valleys, we tackled the settlement pattern and its dynamics by demonstrating how the village clusters were formed. In parallel, we discuss the horticultural systems and the ancient subsistence modes. The recognition of community and ceremonial sites also suggests a new reflection on the process of differentiation that occurred in the political and religious sphere, uniquely so in the Marquesas. This discussion is enriched by an innovative study of secondary funerary deposits discovered on Ua Huka. They qualify the ritual management of the dead during the protohistoric period. Finally, an archaeodémographic method is tested and provides the first general evaluation of prehistoric population whose evolution is tracked even after contact with West
Mansour, Ziad. "Ischémie-reperfusion des membres : Effets protecteurs ou délétères des pré- et post-conditionnements ischémiques." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6095.
Full textPeripheral arterial acute ischemic events, followed by reperfusion, have devastating consequences. Our studies stressed local and remote deleterious effects of skeletal muscle ischemiareperfusion (IR) in rodents, along with the protective or deleterious effects of ischemic pre and postconditioning. We proved that IR causes mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, III and IV dysfunction, pulmonary complex I dysfunction, and renal complexes I and II enhancement. We also proved that IR caused skeletal muscle apoptosis, and produced increased amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Local and remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) restored skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I function, and partially protected complexes II and III. Local and remote preconditioning are similarly efficient. Apoptosis mRNA were not overproduced after local or remote IPC. Ischemic postconditioning (PoC) has deleterious effects on skeletal muscles, whether it was local or remote. After PoC, more ROS are produced, proving their deleterious effects. Pulmonary mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction secondary to skeletal muscle IR is most likely due to leukocyte sequestration and activation in the lung parenchyma. Renal mitochondrial pulmonary chain enhancement after skeletal muscle IR may help in renal blood detoxification of skeletal muscle ischemic products that was released in the systemic blood stream during reperfusion
Kozak, Rouba. "Neuropeptide Y et préférences alimentaires chez le rat adulte : influences des conditions nutritionnelles pré et post-natales." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0105_KOZAK.pdf.
Full textCharry, Prada Iran David. "Etude et conception de réacteurs polyphasés en vue de la désulfuration de biogaz en pré- et post- combustion." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM019/document.
Full textBiogas. It is an energy source increasingly popular in Europe, remarkably in France, due to its environmental-friendly and economic-saving capabilities. It is produced by the organic matter fermentation, leading to biomethane production, as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Nevertheless, as a raw gas, pollutants in biogas lead to environmental, health and process-related issues, especially because of its unique content on sulfur compounds. The objective of this research is to develop new processes, economically and environmentally feasible, for biogas desulfurization, seeking a process integration in existing biogas treatment units in France. Considering the state of the art on biogas properties and its possible purification treatments, two processes have been identified and studied in this thesis. The first process is a precombustion desulfurization treatment aiming to eliminate the H2S and the siloxanes through a gas-liquid bubbling-typed polyphasic reactor. This reactor is equipped with a new solvent with “superacid” properties. The second process is a postcombution desulfurization treatment for stack gas, through a gas-solid fixed-bed polyphasic reactor. A prototype of this unit was entirely designed, built and tested in the thesis. This thesis describes the applied research method, the developed numerical models, and the experimental results confirming the efficiency of the novel processes
Rodrigue, Jonathan. "Effets de l'application foliaire de silicate de potassium sur l'entreposage post-récolte, la pourriture grise et la valeur nutraceutique de la fraise (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24366/24366.pdf.
Full textVigliola, Laurent. "Contrôle et régulation du recrutement des Sparidae (Poissons, Téléostéens) en Méditerranée : importance des processus pré- et post-installation benthique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22082.
Full textBottelin, Pierre. "Caractérisation des phases pré-et post-rupture d'éboulements rocheux de taille intermédiaire : apport des enregistrements sismiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU015/document.
Full textMid-size rockfalls (103-105 m3) represent a substantial hazard in mountainous areas, because of relative high rate of occurrence and destructive power. Consequently, few protection means can be applied, emphasizing the need for monitoring techniques and early warning prior to the collapse. After the rupture, quantitative information on the rockfall propagation phase is scarce, owing to their suddenness and location in steep and rugged slopes. In this thesis work, an experimental approach is proposed to derive valuable information from seismic records during rockfall pre-rupture and post-rupture phases. The first part of this work aims at testing the applicability of the ambient vibration technique to monitor unstable rock compartments dynamic response in the pre-rupture phase. This technique (commonly employed in civil engineering for structural health monitoring) reveals the resonant frequencies of a structure, a decrease in frequency revealing potential damage. A previous case study of an unstable limestone compartment brought to light a #30% decrease in fundamental resonant frequency (f1) two weeks before the collapse. Following this innovative work, we selected and instrumented four prone-to-fall medium-size rock compartments located in the Occidental Alps, showing various geological contexts (limestones, argillite and shale-sandstone series), deformation patterns and failure mechnisms. Ambient vibrations recorded on-site revealed caracteristic seismic noise features. Spectral peaks were observed and attributed to resonant frequencies of the rock compartments, the fundamental resonant frequency (f1) showing clear polarization parallel to the line of maximum slope gradient, and perpendicular to the main bounding fracture observed at most of the sites. Similar findings were made for an unstable rock compartment located in a volcanic caldera, characterized by rapid morphological changes and intense rockfall activity. The dynamic response of the rear fracture network was explored, showing that spectral content of seismic noise is controlled by the caldera structure in the 0.5-5 Hz range. The direction of vibration is polarized perpendicularly to the fractures, while vibration amplitudes are linked to compartment uncoupling from the rock massif. In this case, the physical origin of seismic noise amplification may be due to complex 2D or 3D resonance effects. For the four alpine sites, the fundamental frequency f1 was monitored over more than one year, showing fluctuations clearly correlated with temperature oscillations. The thermal control over f1 is highly complex, showing both positive and negative correlations, depending on site morphology and destructuration, as well as on the studied oscillations periods (daily or seasonal). No change in fundamental frequency resulting from damage was observed over this time span. One site, characterized by intense rock fracturing and a deep-open rear fracture, showed high f1 sensitivity to temperature changes. Thermo-mechanical numerical simulations revealed that both material contraction-dilation and thermal dependancy of the elastic modulus control f1 fluctuations. In addition, high amplitude seasonal f1 oscillations were explained by ice formation in the rear fracture. A criterion was developped to separate thermal-induced f1 fluctuations from damage effects, under the hypothesis that thermal sensitivity of a rock compartment increases towards failure. The second part of this work relates to the post-rupture phase of rockfalls. The seismic records generated by two mid-size rockfalls {one natural, one provoked{ that occured in the same place were analyzed, showing complex enveloppe and spectrogram features. Both events showed close magnitude, duration and spectral content. The seismic signals of the provoked event were calibrated using video shots, allowing estimation of fallen material velocity during the successive propagation phases
Petri, Benoît. "Formation et exhumation des granulites permiennes : établir les conditions pré-rift et déterminer l'histoire d'exhumation syn-rift." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH012/document.
Full textThis study aims to unravel tectonic, magmatic and metamorphic processes active at midcrustal levels from the Permian to the exhumation of the rocks during the Mesozoic riftings by focusing on a Permian gabbro in the Austroalpine nappes (N–Italy, SE–Switzerland). The evolution of the Sondalo gabbro, emplaced in the Campo unit, is examined by combining structural geology, magmatic and metamorphic petrology, and geochronology. The results of this study bring constrains on (1) the thermal and mechanical relationship between the pluton and the host rock during its emplacement in the middle crust, (2) the mechanisms of mafic magmas ascent through the continental crust and (3) the exhumation and cooling history of the Campo unit and the overlying Grosina unit during the formation of the Adriatic rifted margin
Claing, Audrey. "Étude de l'effet pharmacologique de l'endothéline et du facteur activateur des plaquettes sur la vascularisation mésentérique pré et post-capillaire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35764.pdf.
Full textMons, Nicole. "Contribution à l'identification spécifique d'antigène pré et post synaptiques associés aux voies catécholaminergiques au moyen d'anticorps idiotypiques et anti-iodiotypiques." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR22014.
Full textGu, Xiaonan. "Structures métalliques a liaisons semi-rigides : algorithmes de calcul et résolution numérique en analyse non linéaire pré et post critique." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0076.
Full textIn framework structures, the mechanical properties of joints can considerably influence the whole mechanical behaviour. In this context, a numerical finite element analysis software package is proposed for the study of the quasi static non linear behaviour of steel plane structure with arbitrary loading condition and semi rigid connection. The approximated and updated Lagrangian description is used. The Newton-Raphson method in conjunction with the Crisfield's arc-length methods allowing limit points to be « passed automatically » is used to describe the whole reponse for problems with geometrical and material non linearity. In the formulation, a special beam-column finite element obtained form the complete non linear form of the virtual work principle is associated with a multi linear moment-axial force interaction low and with some models of non linear connections. A so called connection matrix is built to deal with the coupling effects between nodes connections and beam columns. This matrix simplifies the interactive equilibrium algorithm without any specific addition nodal parameter. The validity and interest of the proposed models are shown using some examples with elastic and post elastic behaviour following first and second order analysis
Brossaud, Julie. "Modulation pré et post-récepteur de l’exposition aux glucocorticoïdes : rôles du diabète de type 1 et de la vitamine A." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22081/document.
Full textRôles to mobilize body resources and to adapt to endogenous or exogenous changes that might disrupt the homeostasis of the body. Nutritional & metabolic factors may modify the intensity of GC action in: i) the activation of the corticotrope axis and their secretion by the adrenals, ii) their bioavailability ("pre-receptor" regulation), iii) the transcriptional activation of their receptors ("post-receptor" regulation). The main target of this work is to explore the role of some metabolic/nutritional endogenous or exogenous factors in modulating pre- and post-receptor action of GC. Our attention first focused on the role of diabetes and the related inflammation in patients with type I diabetes, and pre-receptor metabolism of cortisol. We showed that a significant increase in the activity of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, the main enzyme of intracellular cortisol regeneration, is correlated with markers of inflammation in diabetic children. This suggests a link between diabetes and the low-level chronic inflammation and increased cellular exposure to GC . Then, we focused on the action of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), the active metabolite of vitamin A on the transcriptional activity of GC. We used an in vitro model of hippocampal cells as GC and atRA have contrasted effects on mnesic processes in vivo. We observed a transcriptional interaction between the GC and retinoic pathways targeting their receptors and genes involved in neuronal plasticity. atRA also affects the phosphorylation of the GC receptor and modifies its transcriptional activity. Lastly, both atRA and GC affect cellular organisation of actin cytoskeleton. The knowledge acquired by studying the action of nutritional molecules on GC action could be used to easily reduce the deleterious effects of GC in chronic stress. Clinical studies have started in this direction
Bourillon, Florence. "Étude de la sociabilité dans un milieu pré et post-haussmannien : le quartier des Arts et Métiers à Paris entre 1850 et 1880." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100037.
Full textBelhaddad, Fatiha. "Dépression pré-partum et post-partum : analyse des données de MATQUID sur 419 femmes et étude comparative avec une étude suisse." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M004.
Full textCuny, Tourlonnias Marie-Laure. "Étude pré et post-opératoire des troubles neuropsychologiques et des difficultés d’apprentissage chez des enfants porteurs d’un kyste intracrânien temporo-sylvien." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB197.
Full textOur objective in this thesis was to study the possible impact of an intracranial middle fossa cyst on cognition, behavior and learning and also the effect of surgery of the cyst. The first study found in a cohort of 100 children possible cyst effects in some children, with usually a normal intellectual level but moderate to important cognitive disorders for one-third of cases and important disorders for one child out of five, which are mostly language, memory, working memory, visual attention, executive functions and processing speed disorders. Half of the children have moderate learning difficulties, mostly in oral and written language and a quarter of children need school adaptations and have mood and behavioral disorders and before assessment half of them had already therapies, mostly speech therapy and psychological follow-up. Children with a right cyst have more cognitive and behavioral disorders than children with a left cyst and significantly more therapies. By growing children show significantly more learning disabilities and more neuropsychological disorders, especially children with a right cyst. The postoperative study in a cohort of 34 children showed a positive effect of surgery for the three-quarters of the children with a significant neuropsychological improvement in young but also elderly subjects. Children with a left cyst improved more than children with a right cyst. When a middle fossa cyst occurs then neuropsychological disorders may be present that are moderate in the majority of cases but that can permanently affect the schooling and the daily life of some children. It is therefore important to detect children at risk in order to rapidly introduce preventive measures of care if necessary and to propose a cyst operation if there are significant and lasting disorders, even in elderly subjects
Commenges, Nadine. "Pré et post-oxydation d'effluents industriels par des ultrasons à haute fréquence. Comparaison avec d'autres procédés d'oxydation avanncée." Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAMS020.
Full textOuhibi, Chayma. "Effets des rayonnements UV-C sur la réponse de la laitue romaine Lactuca sativa var Claudius aux contraintes biotoques et abiotiques." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0333/document.
Full textApplied in high doses, UV-C radiations are harmful, while administered at low doses, these same radiations stimulate beneficial answers. This phenomenon is known as hormesis and the beneficial dose is qualified hormic. The application of low doses of UV-C on fruits and vegetables in post harvest enhances resistance against pathogens (Charles et al, 2008), improve their nutritional quality (Mercier et al, 2001) and their performance to grow (Siddiqui et al, 2011). This works were carried out on different species. In my thesis, we treated a single species of romaine lettuce var claudius after harvest with a non-harmful dose of UV-C (0.85kJ.m-2) and we evaluated its effect on resistance to Botrytis cinerea (BC87) and Sclerotinia minor (SM), in their nutritional value during storage and their responses to salt stress. The analysis of all the results obtained showed that the UV-C dose decreases the sensitivity of romaine lettuce to these two pathogens (Ouhibi et al. 2014a), improve nutritional value by increasing the content in phenolic compound, in ascorbic acid and acquire to plants from seeds pre-treated with UV-C greater potential for adaptation to salt stress (Ouhibi et al, 2014 b)
Amiri, Achour. "Contribution à l'étude de l'écologie des Penicillium spp. Sur fruits à pépins en France, conséquences sur les méthodes de lutte." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066351.
Full textBournonville, Celine. "Identification de gènes candidats impliqués dans la régulation de la teneur en acide ascorbique chez la tomate : impacts sur le potentiel antioxydant et la qualité post-récolte du fruit." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0039/document.
Full textThe ascorbic acid (AsA) is an essential antioxidant in both plants and humans. Plant-derived AsA is the major source of vitamin C in the human diet. In addition to its effect on tomato nutritional value, increasing tomato AsA content would likely affect postharvest storage and resistance to pathogens of the fruit. While AsA metabolism is well characterized, the mechanisms involved in its regulation remain poorly understood. Recent studies in Arabidopsis leaves indicate that few regulatory proteins can regulate this pathway at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Still nothing equivalent has been described in fruits. In that aim, a forward genetic approach has been carried out to investigate the regulation of AsA in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. The screening of an EMS tomato mutant population in the miniature cultivar Micro-Tom for identifying mutant lines with AsA-enriched fruits was done. Among the 500 M2 mutant families screened, four mutant lines with higher AsA content ranging from 2.5 to 4 fold were selected. These mutant lines have been characterized for postharvest traits quality and showed promising results. A method based on NGS-mapping allowed the identification of the putative AsA-enriched related gene. Thus, the screening of EMS mutants led to original findings such as the discovery of new unexpected proteins regulating AsA in plants, and particularly in fruits. Our work confirms at the molecular level the direct interaction between light signaling component and the regulation of the AsA biosynthesis pathway
Abbassene, Fatiha. "Contraintes chronologiques et pétro-géochimiques du magmatisme sur l'évolution pré-et post-collisionnelle de la marge algérienne : secteur de la Petite Kabylie." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0028/document.
Full textThe Miocene igneous activity in Lesser Kabylia includes a ~130 km-long EW-trending lineament that extends along the eastern Algerian margin from Kabylie de Collo to Ouest-Edough-Cap de Fer area. It includes mostly medium-K to High-K calc-alkaline plutonic and volcanic rocks. In the studied area, these magmatic rocks crosscut and/or overlie the inner zones of the Maghrebides represented by basement and Kabylian cretaceous and Numidian flyschs nappes. New U-Pb dating on zircons and K-Ar ages on whole rocks and separated minerals document a 17 Ma onset for the post-collisional K-rich calc-alkaline magmatism. These Upper Burdigalian ages obtained on the Bougaroun pluton are the oldest presently identified for Krich calc-alkaline rocks in the whole 1200 km-long EW trending magmatic belt located along the Mediterranean coast of Maghreb. However, according to new K-Ar ages, magmatic activity started in Ouest Edough zone at ~16 then persisted intermittently in the two studied areas at ~15.5 Ma, 14-13 Ma and stopped at ~11 Ma, with the emplacement of mafic and felsic dykes in Kabylie de Collo. In addition, we measured older (Upper Oligocene) Ar-Ar hornblende ages of 27.0 ± 3.0 Ma and 23.3 ± 3.2 Ma on LREE-depleted gabbros outcropping at Cap Bougaroun sensu stricto. According to our new geochemical and isotopic data, we distinguish two sources for magmatic rocks in the studied area: a depleted mantle source which could represent the ambient asthenosphere still not modified by the subduction processes at the time of emplacement of the Upper Oligocene LREE-depleted gabbros. The latter could be related to the Upper-Oligocene rifting before the back-arc crust formation in Algerian basin or to dyke systems or gabbroic intrusions crosscutting the stretched Kabylian continental crust. An enriched mantle source modified by a subduction component (melt or fluid) escaping from a northward-dipping subducted Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. The enriched mafic magmas are believed to come from this metasomatized mantle and are genetically related to the differentiated rocks through crystal fractionation and assimilation of large amounts of crustal lithologies, during their ascent through the African continental crust. We propose a tectono-magmatic model involving an Early Miocene Tethyan slab breakoff combined with delamination of the edges of the African and Kabylian continental lithospheres. At 17 Ma, the asthenospheric thermal flux upwelling through the slab tear induced the thermal erosion of the Kabylian lithospheric mantle metasomatized during the previous subduction event and triggered its partial melting. We attribute the strong trace element and isotopic crustal signature of Bougaroun felsic rocks to extensive interactions between ascending mafic melts and the African crust underthrust beneath the Kabylie de Collo basement
Morin, Joanne L. "Étude pré-post de santé mentale et de besoins d'aidants naturels primaires de patients en attente de pontages aortocoronariens." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/8637.
Full textMorin, Joanne. "Étude pré-post de santé mentale et de besoins d'aidants naturels primaires de patients en attente de pontages aortocoronariens." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0023/MQ52304.pdf.
Full textLevenes, Carole. "Modulation pré et post-synaptique de la transmission et de la plasticité synaptique aux synapses entre fibres parallèles et cellules de Purkinje dans le cervelet de rongeur." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112392.
Full textRésumé anglais (idem)
Beck, Philippe. "Histoire et imagination, au point de vue philosophique, à la charnière des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles : évènement et figure dans le pré-romantisme allemand (Moritz) et le post-kantisme anglais (Coleridge)." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0310.
Full textThe main purpose of the thesis consists in describing the relationship between allegory and tautegory. At the end of the "enlightened age", tautegory means "symbol". A symbol is a sign characterized by its pregnancy, translucence and infinity of purport. The form of a symbol, as one can see in reading moritz and cileridge, is supposed not to be material. Yet, this is impossible, for each form must unfold in and bv some material, however thin it may be. Thus, one has to describe the antinomy of the symbol, in order to understand in what way an event can be said to be "symbolic". The problem is then to show how the concept of symbol or tautegory is necessary to a historical theory, and to point out how it makes it at the same time impossible to conceive what a singulat event really is. An event is always allegorical, it does not cease to be historical. A symbol in itself opens onto the eternity of an intuitive synchrony
Baudoin, Aurélien. "Analyse en pré et post opératoire de l'articulation de la hanche à l'aide de reconstructions 3d issues de radiographies biplanaires basse dose." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003263.
Full textGil, Jordi. "Contributions des isolements pré-zygotiques et post-zygotiques dans la dynamique de l'introgression intra-spécifique chez la truite commune (Salmo trutta, L.)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA014/document.
Full textThe natural distribution area of brown trout (Salmo trutta, L.) in the French hydrographic landscape reveals the existence of two genetically and phenotypically distinct lineages: the Atlantic lineage (ATL) and the Mediterranean lineage (MED) that are initially respectively present in the Atlantic and Mediterranean drainage basins. Intensive and systematic stocking practices carried out over a century with ATL domestic strains have resulted, in the Mediterranean area, in heterogeneous patterns of introgression of native MED populations. The persistence of some low introgressed MED populations led managers to focus on these native populations in their conservation plans. To efficiently account for these introgression processes, a better understanding of intraspecific biodiversity dynamics is required, with a specific focus on how evolutionary mechanisms may regulate gene flow between MED and ATL lineages.The present manuscript is based on a collaborative work between scientists and managers in Haute-Savoie, France, and investigates several potential mechanisms for introgression. We explored two potential pre-zygotic reproductive barriers related to reproductive behavior (male intra-sexual competition and female inter-sexual preference) and also a possible post-zygotic barrier corresponding to a differential of embryo-larval survival linked to temperature. A large dataset was also analyzed to identify a potential differential survival between lineages at adult stage. Finally, these results were included into a demogenetic model (Mediterranea Model, CAPSIS-4 platform). This computer based aid for decision making will ultimately allow evaluating various management strategies.The results show a heterogamous intersexual female preference which should promote the genetic admixture between the two lineages. However, the study of embryo-larval survival shows a selective advantage for the offspring of MED females, especially in low temperature conditions. Finally, the analysis of the distribution of age in adults suggests a potential higher survival for MED individuals, which could indicate a local adaptation for this lineage in the territory of Haute-Savoie. The preliminary simulations performed with the Mediterranea model incorporate these results and highlight the role of hydrogeographic network structure in the spatial variability of introgression. Both results and simulations are consistent with the introgression patterns observed in situ and provide new knowledge that can be applied to the management of intraspecific biodiversity of brown trout