Academic literature on the topic 'Pre-experimental one group research design'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pre-experimental one group research design"
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Saifuddin, Ahmad. "Apakah Desain Eksperimen Satu Kelompok Layak Digunakan?" Literasi : Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Multi-Perspektif 1, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/literasi.v1i1.3255.
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Research is a form of effort to achieve truth. Research is divided into several methods, namely qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method. Each of these research methods includes several research techniques, one of which is experimental research. Experimental research including quantitative research methods. Broadly speaking, experimental research is divided into pre-experiment, quasi experiment, and true experiment. Many studies still use a one-group design. This study aims to assess the feasibility of one group design using a literature study. The result is that the experimental design of one group is considered less suitable for use in research due to several factors, namely the minimal number of groups, no control group, not random, and low validity.
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Hairunisah, Siti. "THE EFFECT OF STRUCTURED DYADIC METHODS (SDM) TOWARDS STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING IN READING." Journal of Languages and Language Teaching 5, no. 2 (February 25, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v5i2.363.
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This research was aimed at finding out the effect of structured dyadic methods (SDM) towards students’ critical thinking in reading. The research was experimental research and design was used pre experimental design with pre-test and post-test. The population of study was the eighth grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah Mataram which consists of one class. The sample of this study was one class consists of 17 students as experimental group without control group. The method used was pre experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The technique in collecting data the students were given pretest, treatment and posttest. The data were analyzed by using t-test. The result showed that the Structured Dyadic Methods (SDM) has positive effect because t-test 3.903 ≥ t-table 2.120 in 0,05 percent level of significant. Based on the result of this investigation, it was proved that the null hypothesis (Ho) was clearly rejected. Therefore the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. Thus this study can be concluded there has significance effect of structured dyadic methods (SDM) towards students’ critical thinking in reading at eight grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah Mataram in academic year 2017/2018.
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Alan, Burcu, Fikriye Kirbağ Zengin, and Gonca Keçeci. "USING STEM APPLICATIONS FOR SUPPORTING INTEGRATED TEACHING KNOWLEDGE OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS." Journal of Baltic Science Education 18, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/19.18.158.
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In this research the effects of STEM applications, which are aimed to support the integrated teaching knowledge of pre-service science teachers on the problem solving skills of pre-service science teachers were examined. The research was carried out in scope of the mixed method design of convergent parallel design. The research was conducted with pre-service science teachers of experimental group (n=31) and control group (n=31) who were studying at Fırat University. STEM applications including Algodoo were carried out with the pre-service teachers in the experimental group for one term. The data of the research were collected through the problem solving inventory test (PSIT), prospects diaries during the process of the pre-service science teachers in the experiment group. Quantitative data were analyzed using unpaired samples t-test. Statistically significant differences were found in favor of the experimental group when the PSIT post-test scores of the pre-service teachers in the experimental and control groups were analyzed. They said that STEM education is necessary and important for them, much better products arise as a result of gathering different disciplines, but integration of four disciplines is not easy.
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Rosandi, Adhiesta Kurnia Fikri. "Pembelajaran Kapilaritas terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman untuk Melatih Kreativitas Anak Usia Dini." Al-Hikmah : Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Islamic Education 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 88–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.35896/ijecie.v3i2.79.
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This research aims to describe the creativity of early childhood through learning capillarity towards plant growth in group B TK PKK Tunas Bangsa, Soko, Tuban. This Research using quantitative descriptive research methods with the type of experimental research. The design of this study is Pre-Experimental Designs using One-Group Pre-Test-Post-Test Designs. Based on the results of the analysis of the research data it can be concluded that the results of the pretest and posttest are normalized gain tests to determine an increase in children's creativity before and after learning. The result, an increase in children's creativity in capillary learning on plant growth with n-gain of 0.4 with moderate criteria.
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Astarani, Kili, and Selvia David Richard. "Bibliotherapy Strategy: Experimental Study To Reduce Hospitalization Stress In Pre-School Children." STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 917–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v9i2.412.
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The research design used the Pre Experiment Design with a one-group pre-post test design. The population, preschool-aged children who experience hospitalization stress in the Karunia Room of Kediri Baptist Hospital. The sample is 15 respondents who were selected by Quota Sampling. The research variable was Bibliotherapy. The data collection process was carried out using a questionnaire. Data analysis using Paired Samples Test. The results of the research before doing bibliotherapy, stress hospitalization of preschool children were severe as 9 respondents (60.0%), mild as many as 4 respondents (26.7%), and moderate as many as 2 respondents (13.3%). The average change in stress hospitalization before and after bibliotherapy was 7.67 with a p-value of 0.000. Bibliotherapy is effective in reducing hospitalization stress in preschool children in the Karunia Room of Kediri Baptist Hospital
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Rosyidi, Rohadi M., Januarman Januarman, Bambang Priyanto, Andi Asadul Islam, Mochammad Hatta, and Agussalim Bukhari. "The Effect of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Extract Capsule to the Albumin Serum Level of Post-operative Neurosurgery Patients." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 12, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 893–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1714.
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To evaluate the Effect of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Extract Capsule to the Albumin Serum Level of Post-operative Neurosurgery Patients. This research is a clinical research with Quasi-Experimental method . The experimental design used was one group pre-post test. The research design of one group pretest-posttest was measured using a pre-test which carried out before being given treatment and post-test carried out after being treated. The population of this study was all post-neurosurgical patients that treated at the West Nusa Tenggara General Hospital. Each patient who underwent surgery and included within research criteria was given Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) up to 3 weeks after surgery and the wound has healed. The sample consisted of 37 patients with criteria of over 18 years of age and no kidney disorders (proteinuria). The results of the data distribution of 37 patients stated that there were 12 males (32.4%) and 25 females (67.6%). The most number of diagnosis were abnormalities of meningioma and skull defect (17; 46% and 13; 35,1%). Mostly patients spent 8 – 14 days to control post-operatively (22; 59,4%). It was found that the pre-operative and post-operative albumin serum level had no significant difference (the significance value 0.115). The pre-operative and post-treatment albumin levels had a significant difference (a significance value of 0.003). However, albumin levels in post-operative and post-treatment had significant differences (significance value (0.001). This research is important for several reasons, including therapy in patients with pre-operative or recovery period after surgery. Snakehead fish can increase serum albumin levels in patients after surgery. The experimental design used was one group pre-post test. The research design of one group pretest-posttest was measured using a pre-test which was carried out before being given treatment and post-tests carried out after being treated. The treatment plan could be concisely reported.
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Duman, Burcu, and Özlem Kuuk Yavuz. "The Effect of Project-Based Learning on Students’ Attitude Towards English Classes." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 11a (November 29, 2018): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i11a.3816.
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The purpose of this research is to define the effect of project- based learning on students’ attitude towards English classes. The study group of the research consisted of 51 students attending grade 10 at an Anatolian high school in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey. In the quantitatively designed research, the “control group pre-test– post-test design”, one of the experimental designs, was applied. The “Scale of Attitude towards English Classes” was used as the data collection tool. The scale consists of 20 items and three sub-dimensions. The research data were compared by applying the Mann Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, calculating the standard deviation value and arithmetic average on the SPSS22 program. Results of the research indicate that there was a significant difference between the experimental group’s pre-test and post-test scores in favour of the post-test. There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups’ post-test results in favour of the experimental group.
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M., Marieswari, and Prema N. "Effectiveness of Peer Tutoring in Learning English among Tutors and Tutees of Class VIII Students in Kancheepuram DT." English Language Teaching 9, no. 11 (September 27, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n11p1.
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<p>The peer who teaches to their mates is peer tutoring. It is a common instructional strategy used in classrooms. The aim of this study is know whether there is any improvement in achievement marks of tutors and tutees after the process of peer tutoring. Class VIII students were selected as sample for the present experimental study. The design of this experimental study was a two group parallel design such as one control and one experimental group with pre-test and post-test. Tutors of experimental group were trained to act as tutor for this research purpose. Pre-test and post-test marks of both control and experimental group were analyzed by using ‘t’ test. The result revealed that, the experimental group students (both tutors and tutees) exhibited a remarkable improvement in learning who received the content through peer tutoring than the control group students who were taught by the researcher through traditional way of teaching.</p>
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Widodo, Hadi. "The Effectiveness of Group Counseling Services Using Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Approach to Overcome Anxiety of Senior High School Students in Padang Tualang North Sumatera." World Journal of Educational Research 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v6n1p95.
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<p><em>Guidance and counseling have techniques and approaches to overcome anxiety, one of which is the Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy approach (hereinafter referred to as REBT). This type of research is quantitative research with experimental research design, using the design of the initial test (pretest) and final treatment (posttest). The experimental design used in this study was the experimental design of the Pre Experiment model, with the research design of The One Group Pretest-Posttest. The anxiety experienced by each group member at the pretest had a different score, with three categories of anxiety, namely high, medium, and low. The highest score was obtained 175 and the lowest score was 101. The anxiety experienced by each group member at the posttest had a different score, with two categories of anxiety, namely moderate and low.</em></p>
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Kaleli, Yavuz Selim. "The Effect of Computer-Assisted Instruction on Piano Education: An Experimental Study with Pre-service Music Teachers." International Journal of Technology in Education and Science 4, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.v4i3.115.
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This study investigated the effect of computer assisted teaching practices in piano courses in Department of Music Education of Faculty of Education on students’ success, piano playing skills and to what extent they provided permanent learning. The research was carried out with the pre-test/post-test research design with a control group, one of quasi experimental designs. In the study, the experimental group was provided computer-assisted piano instruction, while the control group received the regular curriculum instruction. There were 7 female and 6 male students in the control group and 6 male and 7 female students in the experimental group. A computer-assisted piano instruction program was developed for the experimental group. Instruction in the experimental and control groups lasted for 10 lessons. Piano Achievement Test and Piano Observation Form were used as data collection tools. Mann Whitney U test was used to test permanent learning and the success and piano skills of the groups. The results of the research show that computer assisted piano instruction applied in the experimental group is more effective than the regular curriculum instruction in increasing students’ course success and permanent learning. However, no significant difference was found between the post-test levels of the experimental and control groups in terms of piano skills.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pre-experimental one group research design"
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De, Jager Liesl Mari. "Die moontlike uitwerking van groepgebaseerde dramaterapie op die selfagting van die kind met leerhindernisse (Afrikaans)." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26689.
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In hierdie studie is psigoterapeutiese uitkoms navorsing gedoen (Lindegger, 1999). Die navorser het as intern opvoedkundige sielkundige ‘n groepgebaseerde gestalt-dramaterapie program van 12 sessies ontwikkel ten einde selfagting-ontwikkeling by die kind met leerhindernisse aan te spreek. Gebrekkige motivering, ongunstige selfagting, sowel as problematiese sosiale vaardighede word geassosieer met leerhindernisse (DSM-IV-TR, 2000). Die Self-Esteem Index (SEI) is as meetinstrument gebruik en met aanvang en terminering van die intervensie afgeneem. Sekere strategieë is toegepas ten einde leerhindernisse te akkommodeer tydens die afneem van die meetinstrument. Na afloop van die intervensie, wat hoofsaaklik bestaan het uit dramatisering en rollespelle in kleingroep-verband, is die versamelde data statisties geanaliseer ten einde te bepaal of die intervensie moontlik tot die ontwikkeling van gunstige selfagting by die betrokke leerdergroep bygedra het. Die steekproef (n=17) is vanuit die SEI-vraelysdata van die Afrikaanssprekende Graad 4-leerders (tussen die ouderdomme van 10 tot 12 jaar) verbonde aan die betrokke remediërende skool, wie aan die LOD-program deelgeneem het, op sistematiese wyse getrek. Gepaarde t-toetse is gedoen ten einde te bepaal of daar enige statisties betekenisvolle verskille tussen die voortoets-/natoets-data bestaan. Die terapeutiese proses waartydens die data gegenereer is vir hierdie studie, was soortgelyk aan die pre-eksperimentele een groep voortoets-/natoets ontwerp. Die navorsingsresultate het aangedui dat die nulhipotese nie verwerp kan word nie. Die alternatiewe hipotese moet dus verder ondersoek word en vele moontlikhede vir toekomstige navorsing het vanuit die studie ontwikkel. ENGLISH : In this study psychotherapy outcome research was conducted (Lindegger, 1999). The researcher developed a group based gestalt drama therapy program during her internship as educational psychologist in a remedial school. The main therapeutic aim was to develop the self-esteem of the child with barriers to learning. Demoralization, low self-esteem, and deficits in social skills may be associated with barriers to learning (DSM-IV-TR, 2000). The intervention was facilitated over 12 sessions and all the Grade 4 pupils of the specific school participated in the intervention. The Self-Esteem Index (SEI) was administered during the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Certain strategies were used to accommodate barriers to learning during the administration of the SEI. After termination of the intervention the data were statistically analysed. The pretest/posttest results were compared in order to determine if the intervention contributed to self-esteem development of the participants. A data-sample (n=17) was systematically drawn from the Afrikaans speaking Grade 4 learner participants’ (between the ages of 10 to 12 years) SEI questionnaires. The therapeutic process during which the data was generated resembled a pre-experimental one group pretest/posttest design. Paired t-tests were used and the research results indicated no statistical significance which means that the null hypothesis could not be rejected. This resulted in the formulation of further hypothesis. The aim of this study therefore was to explore the possible effect of the intervention on the self-esteem development of the child with barriers to learning. Possibilities for further research emerged from this research study. CopyrightDissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Educational Psychology
unrestricted
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Stark, Robert John Alexander. "The influence of teaching hardwriting, reading and spelling skills on the accuracy of world level reading." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27639.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of THRASS (Teaching Handwriting, Reading and Spelling Skills) on the word level accuracy skills of a group of grade 2 learners. Word level accuracy is one sub skill in learning to read and is an indicator of the word recognition abilities of the child. THRASS is a program that has been designed to systematically teach phonics and, thus, teaches the basic building blocks of word sounds and structure so as to improve the child’s decoding ability and word recognition ability. The research took place within the positivist paradigm and the methodology is quantitative in nature. The data collection method took the form of a one group pretest-posttest design, where a standardised reading test was administered prior to exposing the participants to the THRASS Program and then readministered one year later on the same group of learners. Data analysis took the form of statistical analysis to investigate any statistical significant difference in the word level accuracy skills of those Grade 2 learners. The result showed that over the period of a year the average reading accuracy age for the target population increased by four months. However, after statistical analysis the difference was not statistically significant. The Null Hypothesis that; exposing a group of Grade 2 learners to the THRASS Program for a period of one year will have no statistically significant influence on their word level accuracy skills cannot be rejected . However, the changes both in average reading accuracy as well as error patterns have inspired recommendations for further research. CopyrightDissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Educational Psychology
unrestricted
Books on the topic "Pre-experimental one group research design"
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Miksza, Peter, and Kenneth Elpus. Design and Analysis of Experimental Research I. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391905.003.0008.
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This chapter builds on the previous chapter by elaborating from theories of causal knowledge presented earlier to practical considerations for the design, execution, and analysis of randomized experiments and randomized controlled trials in music education research. The straightforward statistical analysis of the two-group experimental designs is explained through the t test. The analysis of variance technique is explained for the analysis of experimental and quasi-experimental data involving more than two groups. The chapter closes with a discussion of the analysis of data arising from experiments where additional data, beyond group membership and the score on an outcome measure, is known about the participants (i.e., analysis of covariance).
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Halperin, Sandra, and Oliver Heath. 6. Research Design. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198702740.003.0006.
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This chapter focuses on the basic principles of research design. It first considers different types of research design, including experimental designs, cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, comparative designs, and historical research designs. It also discusses two types of research validity: internal validity and external validity. The chapter proceeds by describing various methods of data collection and the sort of data or evidence each provides, including questionnaires and surveys, interviewing and focus groups, ethnographic research, and discourse/content analysis. Finally, it examines six issues that must be taken into account to ensure ethical research: voluntary participation, informed consent, privacy, harm, exploitation, and consequences for future research.
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Miksza, Peter, and Kenneth Elpus. Advances in Quasi-experimental Methods. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391905.003.0015.
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Although the primacy of the randomized experiment is often thought of as sacrosanct, in education research—and in music education research in particular—random assignment is often unachievable, unethical, or undesirable for one or more of many potential reasons. Methodologists have developed quasi-experimental research methods that attempt to achieve results that approximate the highly trustworthy results obtained from a randomized experiment. This chapter details two newer methods for quasi-experimental research that have become quite common in the broader field of education but have not yet become frequently employed within the field of music education research. These two methods are regression discontinuity designs and the use of propensity scores for the equating of nonequivalent groups.
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Austin, Michael J., and Sarah Carnochan. Practice Research in the Human Services. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518335.001.0001.
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Practice Research in the Human Services: A University-Agency Partnership Model offers a practical approach to conducting practice research in the field of human services. This evolving form of applied research seeks to understand practice in the context of the relationships between service providers and service users, between service providers and their managers, between agency-based service providers and community advocacy and support groups, and between agency managers and policymakers. Practice research represents a form of evidence-informed practice that involves a wide array of research designs and methods, in contrast to the narrower emphasis on experimental designs that characterizes evidence-based practice. The emerging principles and practices associated with practice research highlight: (1) including multiple, diverse stakeholders, (2) maximizing and negotiating participation, (3) promoting practitioner engagement in all phases of the research process, and (4) developing new identities for participants as research-minded practitioners and practice-minded researchers. The book is designed for researchers, practitioners, service users, and students, and it focuses on concrete experiences that illustrate the processes and activities involved in a specific, locally negotiated model of practice research. The book describes multiple practice research studies across an array of fields of practice in the human services, focusing on the research questions, designs, roles and relationships that have been developed in the context of a university-agency practice research partnership. These descriptions and stories are used to construct a comprehensive, detailed picture of the research process. Based upon these descriptions, the book synthesizes a set of broader principles and guidelines for practice researchers.
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Jaramillo, Marcela, and Valentina Saavedra. NDC Invest: Supporting Transformational Climate Policy and Finance. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003340.
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The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicates that meeting the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting the global temperature rise from pre-industrial levels to between 1.5 and 2 degrees Celsius requires reaching net-zero emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) between 2050 and 2070, as well as deep reductions in the emissions of other greenhouse gases by around mid-century (GHGs) (IPCC, 2018). At the same time countries need to build resilience to face the changes that cannot be avoided. NDC Invest was created as the one-stop-shop of the IDB Group providing technical and financial support for countries in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) in their efforts to achieve the climate objectives under the Paris Agreement, seeking to transition to a net zero, resilient and sustainable development pathways that improve quality of life and prosperity in LAC. Through our research and experience supporting countries and piloting solutions we have developed a toolbox for support. This paper describes three NDC Invest products to support Governments to tackle challenges and scale up action towards a climate aligned and sustainable development path: i) the design of Long-Term Strategies (LTS) for net-zero emissions and resilience; ii) design of ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), aligned to LTS; and iii) design of investment plans and finance strategies. Our three products are not a fix recipe, but rather a toolbox to provide flexible and relevant solutions tailored to country needs and context, and different stages of design and implementation of their climate targets.
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Fishman, Daniel B., Stanley B. Messer, David J. A. Edwards, and Frank M. Dattilio, eds. Case Studies Within Psychotherapy Trials. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199344635.001.0001.
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The Cases Within Trials (CWT) model combines the randomized clinical trial (RCT) research design, based on quantitative group research, with richly and qualitatively detailed systematic case studies involving contrasting outcomes drawn from the experimental condition of the RCT. Chapter 1 of the book provides the broad historical and methodological context out of which the CWT method developed, including the recent dramatic growth of mixed-methods approaches in psychotherapy research generally, with an associated increase in their credibility and rigor. Chapter 2 presents the details of the CWT method and its application to Chapters 3–6, which present four specific projects that concretely illustrate the CWT method. The four projects vary across such dimensions as theoretical orientation and type of mental disorder. To facilitate comparison across projects, each is organized in three main sections, including results gained from the RCT, results gained from the case studies, and a synthesis of the two types of knowledge. Each project concludes with a commentary by an outside expert (or expert team) in the theoretical and disorder focus of the project. Chapter 7 presents an outside perspective on the four projects from a research team highly experienced in conducting and thinking about traditional RCTs. In view of the four projects as a whole, Chapter 8 presents the editors’ summary and analysis of themes and guidelines for the future embodied in the knowledge gained from the four projects.
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Richman, Laura Smart, Elizabeth A. Pascoe, and Micah Lattanner. Interpersonal Discrimination and Physical Health. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.6.
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Interpersonal discrimination contributes to health inequalities for disadvantaged groups across numerous stigmatized identities. This effect has been found using cross-sectional, prospective, and experimental designs. Interpersonal discrimination has been associated with poor health across a wide range of mental health outcomes, including greater rates of depression, psychological distress, anxiety, and negative well-being, and also physical health outcomes such as hypertension, diabetes, respiratory problems, self-reported ill health, low birth weight, and cardiovascular disease. This chapter examines the relationship between interpersonal discrimination and health. It first reviews the literature, focusing on current best measurement practices, and then provides support for the theoretical model of the pathways by which interpersonal discrimination impacts health outcomes. The chapter then presents an updated meta-analysis that further supports the model and expands on types of discrimination and outcomes. It concludes with a discussion of directions for future research.
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van der Hoeven, Frank, and Alexander Wandl. Hotterdam: How space is making Rotterdam warmer, how this affects the health of its inhabitants, and what can be done about it. TU Delft Open, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/bookrxiv.1.
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Heat waves will occur in Rotterdam with greater frequency in the future. Those affected most will be the elderly – a group that is growing in size. In the light of the Paris heat wave of August 2003 and the one in Rotterdam in July 2006, mortality rates among the elderly in particular are likely to rise in the summer. METHOD The aim of the Hotterdam research project was to gain a better understanding of urban heat. The heat was measured and the surface energy balance modelled from that perspective. Social and physical features of the city we identified in detail with the help of satellite images, GIS and 3D models. We determined the links between urban heat/surface energy balance and the social/physical features of Rotterdam by multivariable regression analysis. The crucial elements of the heat problem were then clustered and illustrated on a social and a physical heat map. RESULTS The research project produced two heat maps, an atlas of underlying data and a set of adaptation measures which, when combined, will make the city of Rotterdam and its inhabitants more aware and less vulnerable to heat wave-related health effects. CONCLUSION In different ways, the pre-war districts of the city (North, South, and West) are warmer and more vulnerable to urban heat than are other areas of Rotterdam. The temperature readings that we carried out confirm these findings as far as outdoor temperatures are concerned. Indoor temperatures vary widely. Homes seem to have their particular dynamics, in which the house’s age plays a role. The above-average mortality of those aged 75 and over during the July 2006 heat wave in Rotterdam can be explained by a) the concentration of people in this age group, b) the age of the homes they live in, and c) the sum of sensible heat and ground heat flux. A diverse mix of impervious surfaces, surface water, foliage, building envelopes and shade make one area or district warmer than another. Adaptation measures are in the hands of residents, homeowners and the local council alike, and relate to changing behaviour, physical measures for homes, and urban design respectively.
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Maruna, Shadd. Beyond Recidivism. Edited by Andrea Leverentz, Elsa Y. Chen, and Johnna Christian. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479862726.001.0001.
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Although there are some indicators of a recent deceleration, and even, in some states, reversal, of the recent growth of the US incarcerated populations, the past few decades of “tough-on-crime” policies have resulted in the incarceration of millions of individuals. An inevitable consequence is that most imprisoned individuals are released, reentering society. Research about prisoner reentry has advanced significantly across fields in the last decade, with improved data collection, expanded questions, and policy relevance. This volume highlights some of this work, from a multidisciplinary group of scholars. While all of the chapters address questions related to incarceration and its consequences, they draw on and reflect deeply social and political issues that are likely to be of interest to a wide range of readers. Authors come from political science, sociology, criminology and criminal justice, and public policy. They also incorporate a range of methodological perspectives and methods, from ethnography to experimental designs, with several chapters drawing on mixed methods. In addition to the empirical analyses, the volume also provides a road map of where to go next in researching criminal justice policies and their consequences and in developing effective policies.
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Sandell, Richard, Jocelyn Dodd, and Ceri Jones. Trading Zones. Edited by Paula Hamilton and James B. Gardner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766024.013.4.
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Because of the determined efforts of disability activists, public historians, and other scholars, the hidden history of disabled people is emerging in the public sphere. Although museums and other cultural institutions hold wide-ranging material in their collections that links to the lives of disabled people, its significance is often underresearched and poorly understood. Although disabled people desire greater visibility, like other groups who have been marginalized or misrepresented, they also want to be involved in the process and empowered to make decisions about their representation. Drawing on insights from research and experimental practice, we suggest that the idea of the “trading zone,” the creation of a space of exchange for collaborative and equitable dialogue, provides a way forward for disabled people to make their voices heard in the museum and for museum staff to confront and develop new ways of incorporating disability history into their collections and displays.
Book chapters on the topic "Pre-experimental one group research design"
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Gamble, John C. "Mesocosms: Statistical and experimental design considerations." In Enclosed Experimental Marine Ecosystems: A Review and Recommendations: A Contribution of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research Working Group 85, 188–96. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce037p0188.
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Haidn, Oskar J., Nikolaus A. Adams, Rolf Radespiel, Thomas Sattelmayer, Wolfgang Schröder, Christian Stemmer, and Bernhard Weigand. "Collaborative Research for Future Space Transportation Systems." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 1–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_1.
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Abstract This chapter book summarizes the major achievements of the five topical focus areas, Structural Cooling, Aft-Body Flows, Combustion Chamber, Thrust Nozzle, and Thrust-Chamber Assembly of the Collaborative Research Center (Sonderforschungsbereich) Transregio 40. Obviously, only sample highlights of each of the more than twenty individual projects can be given here and thus the interested reader is invited to read their reports which again are only a summary of the entire achievements and much more information can be found in the referenced publications. The structural cooling focus area included results from experimental as well as numerical research on transpiration cooling of thrust chamber structures as well as film cooling supersonic nozzles. The topics of the aft-body flow group reached from studies of classical flow separation to interaction of rocket plumes with nozzle structures for sub-, trans-, and supersonic conditions both experimentally and numerically. Combustion instabilities, boundary layer heat transfer, injection, mixing and combustion under real gas conditions and in particular the investigation of the impact of trans-critical conditions on propellant jet disintegration and the behavior under trans-critical conditions were the subjects dealt with in the combustion chamber focus area. The thrust nozzle group worked on thermal barrier coatings and life prediction methods, investigated cooling channel flows and paid special attention to the clarification and description of fluid-structure-interaction phenomena I nozzle flows. The main emphasis of the focal area thrust-chamber assembly was combustion and heat transfer investigated in various model combustors, on dual-bell nozzle phenomena and on the definition and design of three demonstrations for which the individual projects have contributed according to their research field.
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Angeli, Charoula, and Andri Christodoulou. "Developing Pre-Service Teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge With E-TPCK." In Handbook of Research on TPACK in the Digital Age, 350–64. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7001-1.ch016.
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The authors discuss the design of e-TPCK, a self-paced adaptive electronic learning environment that was integrated in a second-year educational technology course to engage pre-service teachers' in rich learning experiences in order to develop their technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) in a personalized way. The system deploys a technological solution that promotes teachers' ongoing TPCK development by engaging them in rich and valuable personalized learning experiences through the use of technology-infused design scenarios, while taking into account teachers' diverse needs, information processing constraints, and preferences. Results from an experimental research design study revealed statistically significant differences between the control group and the experimental group in favor of the experimental group, signifying that students in the experimental group who learned with e-TPCK outperformed the students in the control group in terms of developing TPCK competencies.
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Negi, Surabhi, and Sunita Magre. "Effectiveness of Cyber Bullying Sensitization Program (CBSP) to Reduce Cyber Bullying Behavior Among Middle School Children." In Research Anthology on School Shootings, Peer Victimization, and Solutions for Building Safer Educational Institutions, 504–13. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5360-2.ch024.
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Cyber bullying is the unwise use of technology to harm and humiliate an individual or group over the Internet. The purpose of this article is to test the effectiveness of the cyber bullying sensitisation program (CBSP) to reduce the level of cyber bullying behaviour among middle school students. The sample was restricted to adolescents as they are the ones who are most exposed and vulnerable in the cyber space. A quasi-experimental pre-post design with intervention was adopted for the study. The participants of the study were comprised of 186 middle school students from two private schools in India. The experimental group had 94 participants while control groups had 92 participants. Statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between pre- and post-test scores in the experimental group. No significant difference was found between the experiment and control group before the program, suggesting that the program was effective in helping students in reducing cyber bullying behaviour. The implications for prevention and intervention programs were discussed.
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Walker, Lisa Slattery, Anita L. Blanchard, and Heather Burnett. "The Role of Experiments in the Study of Virtual Groups." In Virtual Work and Human Interaction Research, 149–59. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0963-1.ch009.
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In this chapter, the authors discuss the use of experimental methods in the study of virtual groups. For some time, experimentalists have hoped, as noted in Bainbridge (2007), that virtual worlds would provide a locale for research. The authors discuss practical techniques for doing so, and provide a detailed example of one such experiment as a platform for discussing opportunities and potential pitfalls for conducting research on virtual work groups. For convenience, they divide the steps in creating and conducting an experiment into several stages: design of the experiment, pre-testing, and statistical power of the data it produces. Each stage in any experiment presents challenges and requires decisions on the part of the experimenters; experiments conducted with virtual groups are certainly no exception.
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Montaner-Villalba, Salvador. "The use of Quizlet to enhance vocabulary in the English language classroom." In CALL and complexity – short papers from EUROCALL 2019, 304–9. Research-publishing.net, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2019.38.1027.
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This research focuses on vocabulary acquisition in foreign language learning. The latest trends of teaching as well as the huge advance of technology allow teachers to utilize online and mobile applications through diverse apps. This quasi-experimental design research investigated Quizlet, in its mobile version, on vocabulary acquisition in English as a Foreign Language (EFL). One group of A2 (according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) EFL learners at a state secondary school in Valencia (Spain) (N=24) participated in this study. Learners from the Treatment group (henceforth, T-group) underwent a pre-test and a post-test to assess their acquisition of the assigned vocabulary lessons which were extracted from the course syllabus. After utilizing Quizlet for vocabulary learning for the academic year 2017-2018, the results proved that these learners improved significantly their level of EFL vocabulary at the post-test. Accordingly, this research recommends utilizing Quizlet in its mobile version at secondary education.
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Polat, Soner, and Binasa Halçe. "Peace Education and Empathy." In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education, 270–91. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2827-3.ch012.
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In this experimental study, the effect of the peace education program on empathy tendencies of fourth-grade students was examined. The research was designed in an experimental design. In the 2016-2017 academic year, all of the fourth grades (eight classes) of Şirinköy Elementary School in Gölcük province of Kocaeli were determined as the experimental group, and all of the fourth grades (seven classes) of Barbaros Elementary School were determined as the control group. The sample of the study included 275 fourth grade students. One hundred thirty-nine of these students are in the experimental group where the program is applied, and 136 students are in the control group where the program is not implemented. The peace education program was implemented for a period of 14 weeks, one lesson per week. SPSS 21.0 program was used to analyze the quantitative data. The analysis of the data was based on .05 significance level. When the findings obtained in the study are examined, it is seen that peace education is an effective program in increasing the empathy tendencies of fourth-grade students.
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Rosenbaum, Paul-Erik Lillholm, Øyvind Mikalsen, and Otto Grahl-Nielsen. "The Learning Effect of Using a Blended Learning Design in K12 Science Teaching." In Cases on E-Learning Management, 402–25. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1933-3.ch019.
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In seven experiments, two learning conditions were assessed: a blended learning design against traditional instruction. 135 K12 science students were assigned to either a blended learning approach or to traditional learning instructions in authentic classroom settings. The students participated in one of two topics in the subject field of chemistry. All participants were randomly assigned within each classroom to one of two conditions: 1) an experimental blended learning group having teacher lecture plus Web-based multimedia; 2) a control group with traditional instructions having teacher lecture plus text and diagram. On subsequent retention and transfer tests, the blended learning group performed significantly better on retention in two of seven comparisons, and there was no significant difference in the rest. The challenge that lies ahead is to identify the characteristics of effective blended learning approaches for this type of learning programme. Recommendations for further research are made.
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Fouda, Faten Abdelmagied Elsoudy. "A Suggested Curriculum in Career Education to Develop Business Secondary Schools Students' Career Knowledge Management Domains and Professional Thinking." In Business Education and Ethics, 166–89. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3153-1.ch009.
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The current research aimed at designing a proposed curriculum in career education for business secondary schools students and measuring its effectiveness on developing career knowledge management domains and professional thinking skills. To achieve the desired goal, the researcher applied the system approach in designing the suggested career education curriculum, the developmental research methodology for developing the instructional materials and media, and the quasi-experimental design to measure the effectiveness the proposed curriculum on a sample of the third grade business secondary school students in Egypt. The suggested curriculum contains four main stages/phases: 1) career knowledge generation; 2) career knowledge organization; 3) career knowledge utilization; and 4) career knowledge distribution. These phases were integrated into one system to develop both career knowledge management skills and professional thinking among the target sample. The units of the curriculum were designed in an interactive way according to the principles of the blended-units approach that concentrates on knowledge and knowledge applications for achieving career requirements needed to joining 21st century business and administration jobs. A sample of 50 students enrolled in a business secondary school were selected randomly and divided equally into two groups: the experimental group (n= 25) and the control group (n= 25). The researcher developed two main instruments: 1) an achievement test; and 2) a professional thinking scale. The achievement test included two parts: 1) measuring the professional knowledge, and 2) performance measuring of the skills of designing professional portfolio. In addition, a rubric was used to evaluate the production of the professional portfolio. The findings revealed that the suggested curriculum was effective in developing both career knowledge management domains and professional thinking skills; as there were significant statistical differences between the two groups in favor of the experimental group. A set of educational recommendations were suggested.
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Ricci, Edmund M., Ernesto A. Pretto, and Knut Ole Sundnes. "Conduct a Scout Survey (Step 6)." In Disaster Evaluation Research, edited by Edmund M. Ricci, Ernesto A. Pretto, and Knut Ole Sundnes, 111–14. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796862.003.0010.
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We strongly recommend that a ‘scout survey’ of the disaster site be implemented prior to the initiation of the principal study, in order to obtain the types of detailed information required to prepare a research plan and a plan for working with a full research team during the data collection period. The scout survey step requires that one or two researchers go to the disaster site within two or three weeks following the disaster to prepare for a larger team visit, which would initiate work within two to three months post disaster. ‘Scout team’ visits are an essential mechanism for developing and/or revising the data collection instruments, for securing collaboration of local officials who will facilitate the study, for identifying key informants and members of the stakeholder group, and for obtaining background information needed for the sample design. We believe it is essential that the initial data collection be completed as soon as possible after the disaster event ends, in order to minimize memory loss. It is also of great importance that the primary data collection phase be conducted efficiently, within a period of approximately seven to ten days, although additional data may be added subsequent to the primary data collection period as the need for it becomes apparent. It is also likely that a data gathering effort, such as a survey involving large numbers of individuals, may continue after the main data collection team members have returned to their home institutions. The amount of thorough and detailed planning required to achieve the 7–10 day goal virtually mandates a pre-visit by a scout team.
Conference papers on the topic "Pre-experimental one group research design"
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Wong, Timothy T. K., and Yee Wan Kwan. "A STUDY ON USING GAME-BASED METHOD TO IMPROVE LEARNING EFFICIENCY OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end017.
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Game-based approaches aim at improving participants’ engagement and satisfaction, they might have great advantages in solving the issues of students demotivated and uninvolved in learning activities. However, there are few studies on using games elements in education and examining to what extent game-based educational approaches enhance learning. To bridge this research gap, the objective of this study is to examine whether game-based method improves students’ academic performance in the school subject Life and Society. A total of four classes of Grade Seven students and two teachers participated in the study in Hong Kong. Three classes (n= 75) were assigned to the experimental groups and one class (n=30) were assigned to the control group. The experimental group participated in class sessions where they learned the timeline, major events, and factors affecting economic development of Hong Kong by a group-based card game, while the control group were taught by lecture-based method. Using a pre- & post-tests design, data were collected by a tailor-made survey including 9 fact-based questions to assess the learning outcomes. The contents of the survey were judged two experienced teachers and one panel head. Paired samples t-tests and two-way ANOVA were used to compare the possible changes, group differences and interaction effects. Results showed that both the experimental group and control group significantly increased their academic performance in the post-tests, indeed the average post-test scores of experimental groups were higher than that of the control group. Only one among three classes in the experimental group showed a significant increase in post-test scores, indicating a possibility of teacher difference. Boys in the experimental groups significantly improved in the post-test while girls did not differ significantly from pre-test scores. Both students with low and middle ability levels improved significantly in their post-test scores, while students with high ability level did not reach statistical significance. The interaction effect between gender and student ability level was statistically significant, indicating that the influence of student ability level on pre-test scores depended on their gender. Finally recommendations, implications, and limitations to the study are discussed.
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Gyory, Joshua T., Jonathan Cagan, and Kenneth Kotovsky. "Should Teams Collaborate During Conceptual Engineering Design? An Experimental Study." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85602.
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A commonly held presumption is that the production of a team is superior to that of individual performance. However, in certain scenarios, such as during brainstorming activities and in configuration engineering design problems, it has been shown that individuals working alone are more effective than teams working together. This research considers whether the same outcomes hold for a more open-ended scenario, in conceptual engineering design. Thus, a behavioral study is run with freshman engineering students solving a conceptual design problem working in teams or individually. Results corroborate previous findings, showing that individuals outperform teams in the quality of their design solutions. One of the primary differences between individuals and group problem solving is the fact that groups need to verbalize to communicate ideas. Consequently, this study also analyzes how verbalization, which may be one disadvantage of team problem solving, affects the performance of individuals in this context of conceptual engineering design. Individuals who verbalize throughout problem solving, however, perform similarly to those who did not. Overall, the results from this study suggest that, individuals are still better performers and teams may not always be the optimal circumstance. Moreover, verbalization does not seem to act as a cognitive barrier to problem solving, and further investigation needs to be done to diagnose the potential impediments which put teams at a disadvantage to individuals during conceptual design.
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Duan, Chang, Xiaobo Peng, Tianyun Yuan, Bugrahan Yalvac, Antonia Ketsetzi, Ebony Lai Hing, Deniz Eseryel, and T. Fulya Eyupoglu. "Promoting Life-Long Learning Skills in CAD Using the Peer-Generated Screencast Tutorials." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71891.
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To promote life-long learning skills in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) education, authors designed and implemented a student-centered instruction in the CAD courses. A quasi-experimental pre-and-post test research design was implemented. Experimental group students were asked to design screencast tutorials with their verbal explanations recorded. Students shared their screencast tutorials with their peers and provided feedback to each other’s video tutorials. Control group students were asked to review the instructor made screencast tutorials. A life-long learning survey, an engineering attitude survey, an exit project survey, and a CAD modeling exam were used as the study instruments. A total of 147 students participated in this study over three years. Findings indicated that female and first generation college students in the experimental group performed better than their peers in the control group in the CAD modeling exam. Our student-centered instruction was more affective on female students’ and first generation college students’ skills and knowledge than male students’ and not-first generation college students’ skills and knowledge.
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Patsiomitou, Stavroula. "The Development of Students Geometrical Thinking through Transformational Processes and Interaction Techniques in a Dynamic Geometry Environment." In InSITE 2008: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3235.
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The paper draws on a didactic experiment conducted in a secondary school mathematics classroom in Greece which aimed to explore a) ways in which students develop problem representations, reasoning and problem-solving, making decisions and receiving feedback about their ideas and strategies in a DGS-supported environment b) ways in which students develop rigourous proof through building linking visual active representations and c) ways to develop students’ van Hiele level. The mathematical problem the students engaged with - either in the Geometer’s Sketchpad dynamic geometry enviroment (Jackiw, 1988) or in the static environment - generated potentially insightful data on the issues focused on the comparison between the experimental and control groups. Initially, three pairs from the experimental group explored the treasure problem within a dynamic geometry environment. The discussions and results of the discussion were videotaped. The problem was then reformulated by the researcher taking into account the research group’s retroaction, and re-explored by both the control and experimental groups in a paper-pencil test. The researcher then (semi) pre-designed multiple-page sketches detailing the sequential phases of the solution to the problem using rigorous proof, and in so doing transferring her classroom reaching style into the software design, drawing on the chain questioning method of Socrates, which aim to stimulate interaction. For this reason, she linked all the software func-tions/actions using the interaction techniques supported /facilitated by the Geometer’s Sketchpad v4 (DGS) environment (Jackiw, 1988) to better allow students to discover solution paths and to reason by rigorous proof. This mode of design and the results of the experimental use of the software with students led to the need to define two new concepts: the meanings of Linking Visual Active Representations (LVAR) and Reflective Visual Reaction (RVR). The researcher observed the students’ actions and thinking processes during the research process and offers a description and analysis of these processes. An analysis of the results of the experimental procedure revealed
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Camburn, Bradley A., Karen H. Sng, K. Blake Perez, Kevin Otto, Kristin L. Wood, Daniel Jensen, and Richard Crawford. "The Way Makers Prototype: Principles of DIY Design." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46295.
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Recent research demonstrates the importance of prototyping to support early stage design efforts. There remains a substantial opportunity to provide tools that codify the leap between the logical objectives of the design effort, and an individual’s intuitive design and fabrication experience. This study investigates project articles on the open source, Do-It-Yourself (DIY) design repository, Instructables.com. The database contains guides for producing low cost functional prototypes. Many entries in the repository include documentation of the design process along with instructions for fabrication. Through a systematic research methodology, we extract five prototype design and fabrication principles from articles in the database. An online crowdsourced assessment enables inter-rater testing, with multiple parallel raters. This assessment validates presence of the principles in the database. A controlled study was conducted in which one of two groups was exposed to the principles. This study evaluates connectivity, successful adoption of the principles by participants in the experimental group, and resulting design performance effects. Two case studies of prototyping are also provided. Observations indicate that application of the principles positively impacts prototyping outcomes. A potential area for improvement is edge case evaluation, i.e. principles only found in a single extraordinary sample.
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Haven, Brenda A., Aaron R. Byerley, and D. Neal Barlow. "An Undergraduate Gas Turbine Engine Program Enhanced by Design and Research Threads." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30588.
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This paper describes an undergraduate program at the USAF Academy that uses the threads of engine design and research to teach and reinforce the fundamentals of gas turbine engines. Each year approximately twelve cadets who have chosen to specialize in the propulsion track of the Aeronautical Engineering major enter a five-course sequence that includes 1.) engineering thermodynamics, 2.) intro to propulsion (advanced cycle analysis), 3.) advanced propulsion (focus on engine component performance), 4.) intro to aircraft and propulsion system design, and 5.) aircraft engine design. During the fifth course, the cadets perform a preliminary engine design to meet various specified performance requirements unique to that semester. The cadets must select the engine cycle, size the engine considering installation effects, design the major components, select the materials, and consider safety, reliability, maintainability, and cost issues. The cadets then make an oral and written design presentation to a group from government and industry. In addition to the course work and the detailed design project, the cadets take a course in experimental methodology that is centered around an actual ongoing research project. The cadets are teamed up with experienced faculty researchers who lead them through each step in the research process. Examples of past research projects include: boundary layer separation on linear cascade blades, enhanced heat transfer in internal blade passages, and high-cycle fatigue forcing functions. Facilities that are available for cadet propulsion research include: a linear cascade wind tunnel, a Garrett F109 turbofan engine, a Continental J69 turbojet engine, and an Allison T63 turboshaft engine. Cadets are also encouraged to participate in a six-week research experience at one of several government, industry, or university laboratories. Finally, cadets can continue their participation with an independent study project. The design and research threads that are woven through the course work equip the cadets for success in graduate school or for making immediate contributions in the USAF propulsion community.
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Accornero, Daniele, Mario Caruggi, Alessandro Nilberto, and Ferruccio Pittaluga. "Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Combustion Instability Phenomena in Gas Turbine Burners for Heavy Duty and Aero-Engine Applications." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46490.
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In the recent years, as the technical developments in the field of GT related technology are more and more driven by regulations on environmental pollution control, a whole series of different industrial evolution and innovation lines are investigated so to make combustion processes ever “cleaner”. Among those, there is for sure the adoption of lean and ultra lean combustion processes to be pursued by means of air-fuel premixing combustion technologies. Within this scenario, at DIMSET/SCL (Savona Combustion Laboratory, Dept. of Thermal Machines, Energy Systems and Transportation, Univ. of Genoa) since several years research activities are carried out, mainly within the frame of EC-funded Research Programmes (ICLEAC, MUSCLES, TLC, H2-IGCC) and cooperation with industrial companies of the energy sector (Ansaldo Energia S.p.A.) and aero-propulsion (Avio Group) sectors. Research activities can take advantage of a close integration between experimental facilities, such as several reactive and non-reactive dedicated burner test-rigs, instrumented with LDV, PDA and PIV laser-based equipment, as well as of in-house continuously improved reactive Navier-Stokes solvers for combustor analysis (NastComb solver) and design (TPM method). The paper deals with the stability characterisation of the different combustion-processes taking place within several GT power plants, namely, the heavy duty AE64-3A heavy duty gas turbine (Ansaldo Energia), already present on the market, the so-called Liquid and Gas Rapid Pre-Mix burners, LRPM and GRPM, designed at DIMSET/SCL and still prototypical, and the Avio-designed LPP (Lean Premixed Prevaporised) burner, for aero-engine applications. The research has been addressed at in-depth characterising the stability behaviour of the burner’s operation. In particular, those aspects have been investigated deemed of greatest importance in affecting a stable performance profile, such as swirlers’ design, burner’s internal aerodynamics, premixing duct configuration, fuel typology and injection modalities, etc. The paper gives a synoptic view both of the research approaches (experimental, instrumental, numerical analysis and design) jointly pursued by DIMSET/SCL team in investigating the combustion instability, as well as of the obtained results, which help in pointing out those burner design and operational parameters which appear as most critical in affecting instability insurgence and self-sustainment.
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Pezzini, Paolo, Mario L. Ferrari, David Tucker, and Alberto Traverso. "Research and Educational Opportunities in Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Advanced Power Systems: An International Perspective." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26357.
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Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HiLS) is a specific technique designed in the experimental environment for studying the coupling between different technologies, where simulated and hardware components interact to each other. Two different HiLS facilities used for educational and research purposes are examined in the paper: the Hybrid Performance (Hyper) project facility at the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), and the Hybrid system emulator at the Thermochemical Power Group (TPG) facility, run by the University of Genoa in Italy. Since one facility is at a national laboratory and the other one in a university environment, both facilities dedicate considerable resources to the education of students with a different perspective: industrial and experimental approach. A description of the two configurations, the unique and overlapping attributes of each facility and the experimental results are reported and discussed to show different possibilities for students and researchers. Undergraduates, Postgraduates and Ph.D. students have the opportunity to learn innovative configuration of energy power systems, innovative control strategies applied to hybrid configurations, how to design real hardware components, and how to implementation real-time simulation models. The strong impact of these two laboratories is to show to students the applicability about their knowledge studied during lectures.
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Maryani, Diani, and Liza Anggraeni. "Effect of Hypnoparenting on Nutritional Status in Preschool Age Children at Al-Fathir Kindergarten, Tangerang, Banten." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.23.
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Background: Malnutrition is estimated to account for more than one third of all child deaths, although it is rarely listed as a direct cause. Hypnoparenting is an attempt by parents to bring their children into the subconscious. This study aimed to determine the effect of hypnoparenting on nutritional status in preschool age children at Al-Fathir kindergarten, Tangerang, Banten. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment with a non-randomized pretest posttest design was conducted at Al-Fathir Kindergarten, Tangerang City, Banten Province from April to August 2020. A sample of 36 selected by purposive sampling. This study was divided into 2 groups: (1) 18 respondents were given hypnoparenting treatment and for the second group; and (2) 18 respondents were not given hypnoparenting. The dependent variable was nutritional. The independent was hypnoparenting. The data were analyzed by non-parametric tests. Results: There was a significant difference between nutritional status before hypnoparenting (p= 0.293) and nutritional status after hypnoparenting (p= 0.406) but there was no effect between changes in nutritional status made in the intervention group (Mean= 16.25; SD= 2.46; p= 0.222) and the control group (Mean= 16.18; SD= 3.88; p= 0.150). Conclusion: Hypnoparenting has effect in nutritional status of preschool age children, but it is statistically non-significant. Next, researchers will conduct further research on overcoming problems in children, especially nutritional problems, and the parents/guardians of students to be more effective in doing hypnoparenting to be maximized. Keyword: BMI, age, pre-school, hypnoparenting Correspondence: Diani Maryani, Academy of Midwifery Karya Bunda Husada, Tangerang, Banten. E-mail: dhianeyrs@gmail.com. Mobile: 081381234008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.23
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Ubertini, Stefano. "Injection Pressure Fluctuations Model Applied to a Multi-Dimensional Code for Diesel Engines Simulation." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58232.
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In the last decade, the development of automotive Diesel engines has been strongly influenced by the stringent regulations on pollutant emissions, which are directly related to the quality of the combustion process. The control of the combustion process requires primarily an understanding of its physics and chemistry as well as the capability to modify one or more of the interdependent process parameters in a given direction. Since many parameters have to be considered, numerical approaches are necessary to reduce time and costs, leaving to experimental analyses the final choice among few configurations. In this context, the research group of the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” has developed a multidimensional code for Diesel engines simulation based on the KIVA 3V code. This paper deals with the pressure supply fluctuations that occur in the fuel rail and in the injector on the immediate upstream side of the atomizer. It has been experimentally demonstrated that this has a considerable effect on the instantaneous mass flow and spray velocity thus affecting the spray hard-core structure and the atomisation process. Moreover, considering the oscillatory nature of the phenomenon, the effects on a given spray can change from one injection to the other (in modern multijet systems) and from one engine cycle to the next. The needed computing time and the uncertainty related to a detailed simulation of the injection system fluid dynamics would be unacceptable in a multidimensional computational code. Therefore a simplified model able to predict fuel pressure supply fluctuations on the upstream side of the injector has been developed and is described in this paper. The model is validated and calibrated by comparing numerical results with available experimental data. Some numerical results on a fuel spray injected in a vessel at constant pressure are finally presented, in order to quantify the impact of a given level of pressure fluctuations on fuel spray characteristics.
Reports on the topic "Pre-experimental one group research design"
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Amzeri, Achmad, Kaswan Badami, and Gita Pawana. Inheritance of resistance to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) in crossing of Madura Maize Plant (Zea mays L.). Innovative Scientific Information & Services Network, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2019.1.
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Hybridization of Back cross is one method to get varieties that are resistant to downy mildew. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on inheritance characteristics of downy mildew resistance. This research was conducted at the experiment center of Agro-Technology Study Program of Agriculture Faculty, University of Trunojoyo Madura. Research of Assessment of resistance to Downy Mildew used a randomized block design with 18 treatments (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2 in three sets of crosses, namely LGL x Mdr-3, T12 x Mdr-1 and E02 x Mdr-2) and three replications so there were 54 experimental units. Identification of polymorphic RAPD markers for endurance to downy mildew through Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) was done by amplifying the DNA in the resistant pool and susceptible pool. The random primers used were 120 primers from 6 operon groups, namely OPA, OPB, OPC, OPD, OPF and OPG. The results showed that the inheritance pattern of maize genetic resistance to downy mildew followed a segregation pattern of 3:1 with a degree of dominance between -1 and 0, and was controlled by incomplete partially negative dominant gene. OPC-07 was a marker that was linkage close to the resistance to downy mildew with a genetic distance of 1.9 cM.
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Carney, Nancy, Tamara Cheney, Annette M. Totten, Rebecca Jungbauer, Matthew R. Neth, Chandler Weeks, Cynthia Davis-O'Reilly, et al. Prehospital Airway Management: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer243.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. To assess the comparative benefits and harms across three airway management approaches (bag valve mask [BVM], supraglottic airway [SGA], and endotracheal intubation [ETI]) by emergency medical services in the prehospital setting, and how the benefits and harms differ based on patient characteristics, techniques, and devices. Data sources. We searched electronic citation databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus®) from 1990 to September 2020 and reference lists, and posted a Federal Register notice request for data. Review methods. Review methods followed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program methods guidance. Using pre-established criteria, studies were selected and dual reviewed, data were abstracted, and studies were evaluated for risk of bias. Meta-analyses using profile-likelihood random effects models were conducted when data were available from studies reporting on similar outcomes, with analyses stratified by study design, emergency type, and age. We qualitatively synthesized results when meta-analysis was not indicated. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for primary outcomes (survival, neurological function, return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC], and successful advanced airway insertion [for SGA and ETI only]). Results. We included 99 studies (22 randomized controlled trials and 77 observational studies) involving 630,397 patients. Overall, we found few differences in primary outcomes when airway management approaches were compared. • For survival, there was moderate SOE for findings of no difference for BVM versus ETI in adult and mixed-age cardiac arrest patients. There was low SOE for no difference in these patients for BVM versus SGA and SGA versus ETI. There was low SOE for all three comparisons in pediatric cardiac arrest patients, and low SOE in adult trauma patients when BVM was compared with ETI. • For neurological function, there was moderate SOE for no difference for BVM compared with ETI in adults with cardiac arrest. There was low SOE for no difference in pediatric cardiac arrest for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. In adults with cardiac arrest, neurological function was better for BVM and ETI compared with SGA (both low SOE). • ROSC was applicable only in cardiac arrest. For adults, there was low SOE that ROSC was more frequent with SGA compared with ETI, and no difference for BVM versus SGA or BVM versus ETI. In pediatric patients there was low SOE of no difference for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. • For successful advanced airway insertion, low SOE supported better first-pass success with SGA in adult and pediatric cardiac arrest patients and adult patients in studies that mixed emergency types. Low SOE also supported no difference for first-pass success in adult medical patients. For overall success, there was moderate SOE of no difference for adults with cardiac arrest, medical, and mixed emergency types. • While harms were not always measured or reported, moderate SOE supported all available findings. There were no differences in harms for BVM versus SGA or ETI. When SGA was compared with ETI, there were no differences for aspiration, oral/airway trauma, and regurgitation; SGA was better for multiple insertion attempts; and ETI was better for inadequate ventilation. Conclusions. The most common findings, across emergency types and age groups, were of no differences in primary outcomes when prehospital airway management approaches were compared. As most of the included studies were observational, these findings may reflect study design and methodological limitations. Due to the dynamic nature of the prehospital environment, the results are susceptible to indication and survival biases as well as confounding; however, the current evidence does not favor more invasive airway approaches. No conclusion was supported by high SOE for any comparison and patient group. This supports the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials designed to account for the variability and dynamic nature of prehospital airway management to advance and inform clinical practice as well as emergency medical services education and policy, and to improve patient-centered outcomes.