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1
Eloni, Vida, Paul Virginia, and Shamim Neda. "Pre Lacteal Feeding Practices and their Determinants in India A Systematic Review." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 55, no. 2 (April 4, 2018): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2018.55.2.18235.
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Pre lacteal feeds are a major contributor to suboptimal breastfeeding practices which include delay in initiation of breastfeeding and prevention of the initial bonding between the mother and the baby. Infants who receive pre lacteal feeding are more likely to be malnourished. The study aims to the different pre lacteal feeding practices in India and their determinants. Online search of published articles were done on Academic Search Complete, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Global Health, MEDLINE, Scopus and Google scholar. A total of nineteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Duration of studies varied for up-to 7 days and the most common pre lacteal food fed was honey. The most common reasons for administration were cultural reasons, health conditions of the mother and myths and misconceptions associated with the ritual. The determinants of pre lacteal feeding practices were socio demographic factors, health related factors and individual factors. The universal practice of pre lacteal feeding in India is associated with culture and customs. Initiative directed at clearing myth and misconception associated with the ritual is required to bring about a change in the practice and subsequently nutritional status of children.
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SHAHID, AFSHAN, Muhammad Hussain KHAN, MAHMOOD AHMED, Muhammad Arshad, and MOHAMMAD WASIF KHAN. "INFANT FEEDING." Professional Medical Journal 16, no. 02 (June 10, 2009): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2009.16.02.2936.
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b j e c t i v e s : To evaluate the infant feeding beliefs and practices of mothers in our setup. D e s i g n of S t u d y : A crosssectionalstudy. Settings: Fauji Foundation Hospital. Rawalpindi. P e r i o d : From Jan 2007 to September 2007. Materials a n d M e t h o d s :366 mothers of infants attending Fauji Foundation Hospital were interviewed by using pre-tested questionnaire. Data was collected forMothers beliefs ad practices regarding infant feeding. Descriptive statistics like percentages, mean and range were obtained by using SPSSversion 11. Results: 366 mothers from rural and urban areas attending hospitals were interviewed. 63.9% mothers believed that breast milkshould be given as first feed. Pre-lacteal feeds were given to 56% of infants. Major source of information for giving pre-lacteal feeds wasrelatives. At birth, 43.7% mothers discarded clostrum considering it harmful and useless for baby. Frequency of breast feeding was highinitially at birth but declined rapidly by early supplementation with bottle feeding. Inadequate weaning in terms of timing, quality and quantitywas observed. Cultural beliefs and taboos like hot and cold food influenced 61.5% of mothers due to which they restricted important fooditems. C o n c l u s i o n s : A targeted health education campaign should stress the main advantages of breast feeding. Messages should stressthe protective benefits of clostrum and encourage mothers to start breast feeding immediately after birth. Potentially hazardous practicesincluding pre lacteal feeding should be discarded. Local cultural and traditional practices and beliefs regarding different food items shouldbe identified. This will help to improve the food intake of infants by strengthening the useful beliefs and discontinuing harmful ones.
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Gupta, Vandana, Neeru Bala, Deepak Kumar Bose, and Jyoti Kumari. "Study on infant feeding practices among mothers in rural areas of Faizabad District (U.P.), India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i3.1704.
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The present study was undertaken to find out socio-demographic profile of respondents and to estimate the current feeding practices including breastfeeding, pre-lacteal feeding and complementary feeding. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four blocks namely Haringtonganj, Amaniganj, Bikapur and Sohawal of Faizabad District in 2015. Total 352 lactating mother having children’s aged from 6 months to 2 years were interviewed to collect information on pre designed and pretested proforma. The data was tabulated on Microsoft Excel sheet and analysed using chi-square test. Study findings showed that mostly 43.75% were in the age range of 20-25 years. More than half (58.51%) of the mothers were literate and majority 96.87% mothers were housewives. All mothers had done breastfeeding in which 73.58% mothers continued breastfeeding after 6 months at the time of study. Majority 89.49% responding mothers were given exclusive breastfeeding, 81.82% had given colostrum and 38.64% gave pre-lacteal feed to their baby. Most of the children (80.11%) were taking weaning food but majority 89.36% mothers did not prepare any special food for their children. The association between education of mothers and infant feeding practices was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The study showed that mostly mothers adopted correct feeding practices at some extent and these practices were much influenced by education of mothers. So it is very necessary to imparting nutrition and health education to the mothers.
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Abou-Rizk, Joana, Theresa Jeremias, Lara Nasreddine, Lamis Jomaa, Nahla Hwalla, Jan Frank, and Veronika Scherbaum. "Infant Feeding Practices, Nutrition, and Associated Health Factors during the First Six Months of Life among Syrian Refugees in Greater Beirut, Lebanon: A Mixed Methods Study." Nutrients 14, no. 21 (October 23, 2022): 4459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14214459.
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The objective was to describe infant feeding practices, nutrition and related health aspects of infants under six months among Syrian refugees in Greater Beirut, Lebanon. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Syrian refugee mothers with infants under six months in July–October 2018 (N = 114). Additionally, eleven focus group discussions were conducted to explore supportive factors and barriers associated with early breastfeeding practices. The prevalence of pre-lacteal feeding was high (62.5%), whereas early initiation of breastfeeding was low (31%), and exclusive breastfeeding very low (24.6%). One-fifth of the infants were anemic (20.5%) and 9.6% were wasted. A significantly higher proportion of non-exclusively breastfed infants had a fever and took medicines than those who were exclusively breastfed. Supporting factors of adequate infant feeding practices comprised knowledge on maternal nutrition and exclusive breastfeeding, along with receiving support from healthcare professionals and family members. Identified barriers included preterm delivery, pre-lacteal feeding, an at-risk waist circumference and moderate to severe depression among mothers, bottle feeding, early introduction of food, maternal health reasons, breastmilk substitutes’ distribution, and misinformation offered by mothers-in-law. To address sub-optimal feeding practices documented among Syrian refugees, awareness on proper breastfeeding practices, maternal nutrition, and psychosocial support should be provided to mothers and family members alike.
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Salim, M., SA Mita, MN Uddin, NWB Jahan, MZ Ali, MM Rahman, MA Haque, HA Begum, and MR Bhuian. "Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices upto Two Years of Age and Their Nutritional Status." Bangladesh Medical Journal 41, no. 1 (May 4, 2014): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v41i1.18774.
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This cross sectional study was conducted during the period of May 2008 to June 2009, a total of 455 mothers having their children of less than two years of age were interviewed in paediatric OPD of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital to know the infants and young child feeding practices and their nutritional status. The mothers were mostly from the lower middle and poor socioeconomic condition. About one forth of the mothers had no institutional education. Most of the mothers live in a joint family. Pre-lacteal feeding rate were 60% and most common pre-lacteal food were honey and sugar water. More than 98% mothers gave colostrums to their newborn babies. Over 24% mothers initiated breast feeding within one hour and 18% did so within 30 minutes after birth. Exclusive breastfeeding rate up to 6 completed months of age was found in only 24.4% cases and it was more in educated mothers. Continued breast feeding rate was 34.5% in 19 - 24 months age group of children. About 24% mothers started complementary feeding timely at 6 completed months of age and about 50% mothers started early before 6 months. Most common complementary foods were carbohydrate rich cooked suji, barley or rice powder mixed with either cow's milk or powdered milk. Only 18.5% mother gave khichuri as a complementary food. Bottle feeding was still higher and it was 59.3% cases. In this study, 17.4% children were severely underweight and more than twenty four percent (24.4%) was severely stunted and 2.0% were severely wasted. Malnutrition was common in those children who were nonexclusively breast fed and start complementary feeding either early or late with carbohydrate rich food. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v41i1.18774 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2012 Vol. 41 No. 1; 14-20
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Ratan, Shiv, and Seema Nigam. "A comparative study on breastfeeding in rural and urban areas of Kanpur nagar, Uttar Pradesh." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220859.
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Background: Appropriate infant feeding, with early initiation of breastfeeding along with colostrum as the first food, exclusive breastfeeding to six months, followed by the introduction of complementary foods with continued breastfeeding, is important for survival as well as physical growth and mental development of the child. World breastfeeding week (WBW) is celebrated every year from 1 to 7 August to encourage breastfeeding and improve the health of children around the world. Our objective was to determine the knowledge and practice of EBF among study subjects. To compare knowledge and practice of EBF among rural and urban study subjects.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted amongst mothers having children between 0-24 months of age group in the area of RHTC and UHTC of department of community medicine, GSVM Medical College Kanpur. Data was collected using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire after the house-to-house survey and Chi-square test used.Results: Pre-lacteal feeds were given in 21.25% of children. Colostrum was given in 67.2% of babies. 18.5% of mothers initiate breastfeeding within 1 hour after delivery. 31.75% of babies were exclusively breastfed for more than 6 months. The majority of the mother (72.25%) continues breastfeeding up to 2 years. Majority (73%) of mothers give breastfeeding from both sides.Conclusions: In our study, awareness about breastfeeding, early initiation of breastfeeding and avoiding pre-lacteal feed. It supplies all the necessary nutrients in the proper proportions and protects against allergies, sickness, and obesity.
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Ekawidyani, Karina Rahmadia, Ali Khomsan, Mira Dewi, and Yughni Azizah Thariqi. "Nutrition Knowledge, Breastfeeding and Infant Feeding Practice of Mothers in Cirebon Regency." Amerta Nutrition 6, no. 2 (June 6, 2022): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v6i2.2022.173-182.
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Background: Exclusive breastfeeding should be supported by early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), provision of colostrum and not providing pre-lacteal feeding. Objectives: The study objective was to analyze nutritional knowledge and factors related to breastfeeding and feeding practices of lactating mothers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March–November 2020 in Sibubut, Kedungdalem, and Bayalangu Kidul Villages, Cirebon Regency. Study respondents were 44 lactating mothers with under six months infants. Mothers’ nutritional knowledge of breastfeeding and breastfeeding/feeding practice were obtained using a validated questionnaire, while the food consumption data of mothers was obtained from two days of 24-hour food recall (weekday and weekend). Spearman’s correlation test and Chi-Square analysis were used to analyze the correlation between variables, while the Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the difference in nutritional knowledge and breastfeeding/infant feeding practice variables based on education level. Results: Family characteristics (age, mother’s education and occupation, household income, parity, family size, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were not correlated with breastfeeding/infant feeding practice (p=0.427; 0.136; 0.481; 0.056; 0.699; 0.241; 0.547, respectively). There was no significant correlation between nutritional knowledge and breastfeeding/infant feeding practice of mothers (p=0.728). No significant difference was found in the nutritional knowledge of breastfeeding (p=0.828) and breastfeeding/feeding practice of infants (p=0.572) between mothers with education > elementary school and < elementary school. More mothers with low education provided pre-lacteal food than mothers with higher education (p =0.046). Conclusions: The breastfeeding/feeding practice of mothers are still poor regardless of education level. Nutrition education for breastfeeding mothers is required to encourage good breastfeeding/infant feeding practices.
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Kousar, Zaiba. "An Overview on The Use of Galactogogues in the Breast-Feeding Mother." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40187.
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Abstract: Breastfeeding mothers are often concerned about an inadequate quality of breast milk. The importance of Breastfeeding has been acknowledged by Indians since antiquity and recognized importance of certain medical plants for augmentation of Breast milk. Breastfeeding is the best nutrition for infants. Most of the mothers face the problem of insufficient breast milk which affects the health and well-being of Infant. Galactogogues are defined simply as substances that promote lactation. Oral galactagogues are substances that stimulate milk production. They may be pharmacological or non pharmacological (natural). Natural galactagogues are usually botanical or other food agents, such as moringa leaves, oats, shatavari roots, fenugreek, fennel etc. Pharmacological galactagogues such as domperidone, metoclopramide, sulpiride and Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH). There are several beliefs and taboos on the Use of these galactogogues. Pre-lacteal feeding are those feeds which are given in the form of fluid or semisolid food to the infants at first three days after birth before putting infant on breastfeeding. Breastfeeding practices help the mother in understanding initiation, duration and problems encountered during breastfeeding. Maternal knowledge on breastfeeding practices, an exclusive breastfeeding has been positive health outcomes in the prevention of many chronic diseases in both infant and mother. There are several formulated products available in the market to increase the breast milk. In this review article topics like types of galactagogues, Beliefs and taboos, types of Pre-lacteal feeds, breastfeeding practices, maternal knowledge on breastfeeding and development of products to increase milk production are discussed. Keywords: Breast milk, galactagogues, metoclopramide, domperidone, breastfeeding
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Paudel, Deepak Raj, Dipak Kumar Gupta, and Arun Giri. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers in breast feeding: A hospital based study." Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 10, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v10i1.44628.
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Background and Objectives: Breastfeeding (BF) is a socially constructed and controlled practice. Although breastfeeding is a common practice in Nepal, proper breastfeeding is on the decline due to several factors. The impact of knowledge and attitude about breastfeeding practice, i.e., duration of breastfeeding, proper techniques, proper time of weaning is poorly understood. So, this study is designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers in breastfeeding.
Material and Methods: This is an observational descriptive cross sectional study carried out among 220 mothers of under 2 years old children attending the pediatric out-patient department (OPD) at Janaki Medical College teaching hospital (JMCTH), Janakpur, Nepal. Mothers were interviewed using pre-designed questionnaire constructed after proper literature review.
Results: All mothers have idea that they have to breast feed their babies, but they did not have adequate knowledge on the appropriate way of breastfeeding. Only, 12.27% knew that they have to initiate breast feeding within 1 hour of birth, 15% had idea on pre-lacteal feed, 5% had idea on importance of colostrum, 10% knew the meaning of exclusive breast feeding, and 0% of the mothers had idea on importance of night feeding. Only 7.27% have knowledge on method on maintaining aseptic precaution during breastfeeding. Only 20.90% were practicing exclusive breast feeding, 70% mothers were practicing night feeds, 15% mothers practiced feeding one side at a time and 15% mothers were practicing appropriate attachment and positioning during BF. None of the mothers got any advice regarding breast feeding during antenatal care (ANC) visits. Only 15% mothers got proper method of breastfeeding advice after birth. 30% practiced burping after breastfeeding. 30% underwent practice of proper food to increase breast milk secretion.
Conclusion: Undesirable cultural practices such as late initiation of breastfeeding after birth, giving pre-lacteal feeds, delay in introduction of weaning foods, not exercising exclusive breastfeeding practice are still prevalent. The maternal knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in breastfeeding is still inadequate with a big gap between actual and desired practices and there is urgent need of mother educational program in this society.
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Paudel, Deepak Raj, Dipak Kumar Gupta, and Arun Giri. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers in breast feeding: A hospital based study." Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 10, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v10i1.44628.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Objectives: Breastfeeding (BF) is a socially constructed and controlled practice. Although breastfeeding is a common practice in Nepal, proper breastfeeding is on the decline due to several factors. The impact of knowledge and attitude about breastfeeding practice, i.e., duration of breastfeeding, proper techniques, proper time of weaning is poorly understood. So, this study is designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers in breastfeeding.
Material and Methods: This is an observational descriptive cross sectional study carried out among 220 mothers of under 2 years old children attending the pediatric out-patient department (OPD) at Janaki Medical College teaching hospital (JMCTH), Janakpur, Nepal. Mothers were interviewed using pre-designed questionnaire constructed after proper literature review.
Results: All mothers have idea that they have to breast feed their babies, but they did not have adequate knowledge on the appropriate way of breastfeeding. Only, 12.27% knew that they have to initiate breast feeding within 1 hour of birth, 15% had idea on pre-lacteal feed, 5% had idea on importance of colostrum, 10% knew the meaning of exclusive breast feeding, and 0% of the mothers had idea on importance of night feeding. Only 7.27% have knowledge on method on maintaining aseptic precaution during breastfeeding. Only 20.90% were practicing exclusive breast feeding, 70% mothers were practicing night feeds, 15% mothers practiced feeding one side at a time and 15% mothers were practicing appropriate attachment and positioning during BF. None of the mothers got any advice regarding breast feeding during antenatal care (ANC) visits. Only 15% mothers got proper method of breastfeeding advice after birth. 30% practiced burping after breastfeeding. 30% underwent practice of proper food to increase breast milk secretion.
Conclusion: Undesirable cultural practices such as late initiation of breastfeeding after birth, giving pre-lacteal feeds, delay in introduction of weaning foods, not exercising exclusive breastfeeding practice are still prevalent. The maternal knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in breastfeeding is still inadequate with a big gap between actual and desired practices and there is urgent need of mother educational program in this society.
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Wanda, Roostiati Sutrisno, and Lukman Hakim Tarigan. "Pola Pemberian ASI Tiga Hari Pertama dan Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keluarnya ASI Pertama di Rumah Sakit Fatmawati Jakarta 1998." Sari Pediatri 3, no. 1 (December 6, 2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp3.1.2001.8-13.
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Hampir semua ibu di Indonesia memberikan air susu ibu (ASI) kepada bayinya, namun hanya sebagian kecil saja yang memberikan ASI segera setelah lahir. Beberapa peneliti melaporkan bahwa di Indonesia proporsi ASI eksklusif selama 4 bulan pertama kelahiran sangat rendah. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah pemberian makanan tambahan (pre-lacteal food) yang terlalu cepat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola menyusui ibu kepada bayinya selama 3 hari pertama di RS Fatmawati Jakarta. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian ini, telah dilakukan wawancara kepada 100 orang ibu yang baru melahirkan, pada dua hari pertama setelah melahirkan atau sebelum pulang dari rumah sakit. Hasil wawancara menunjukkan 25,6% responden mulai memberikan ASI pada satu jam setelah melahirkan dan 79,5% memberikan kolostrum kepada bayinya. Saat kapan pertama kali ibu menyusui bayinya tergantung dari perawatan payudara saat hamil dan saat kapan kunjungan pertama dari penyuluh kesehatan
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Singh, Shivendra Kumar, and Pavan Pandey. "Why Won't Mothers Exclusively Breastfeed their Child - Evidence from a Prospective Study in Lucknow District, Uttar Pradesh." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 53, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2016.53.1.3876.
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Breast milk is indispensable and the only recommended food for newborn. Breast milk provides valuable nutrition for baby and it is also good for the health of mother. There should be Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) till six months of age and then continued till 2 years of age along with complementary foods (WHO). This is a prospective study conducted during a period of 12 months. Women delivering at tertiary care hospital were enrolled in the study and were followed for six months. Data related to the study was collected on five occasions - at delivery, after 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 6 months birth of child from 185 women enrolled in study and final analysis was done on 175 women. At the end of six months the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was only 41.7 %. The prevalence of EBF in rural and urban areas was 41.6 and 41.8 % respectively. Majority of women introduced some or other kind of external food after five months of age (between 4<sup>th</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> visit). Percentage of children receiving pre-lacteal feeding was 21.7 % even though all were delivered in a tertiary care institute. All malnourished children were not breastfed exclusively.
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Alwala, Rajeshwar Rao, Shankar Reddy Dudala, Chandrasekhar Reddy Bolla, Manoj B. Patki, and B. P. Ravi Kumar. "Infant feeding practices of a tribal community in a mandal of Khammam district, Telangana." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 12 (November 24, 2018): 5077. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184735.
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Background: Breast milk is the best, safest and most nutritious food for infants. Though breast feeding is almost universal, there are yet some myths and false beliefs surrounding the practice due to various cultures and traditions in India. In the present study an attempt was made to understand various aspects of infant feeding practices among the Sugali tribes of Khammam district, Telangana state.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among Sugali community in Khammam mandal of Khammam district in Telangana from March to June 2010. In which 314 families with pre-school children were interviewed using a pre–designed semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Nearly 80% (251) of the mothers had said that they initiate breast feeding after one hour of delivery, while only 6% initiated breastfeeding within one hour delivery. About 54% of the mothers were giving colostrum to their newborns, while others (45.86%) were giving pre-lacteal feeding to the infants including jaggery water and honey. It was observed that most (71.65%) of the mothers were continuing to breastfeed their children more than 18 months. Only 11.78% of the mothers started weaning before 6 months of age. Socio-economic status, literacy rate and working status of the mothers were some of the influencing factors.Conclusions: The study identified the practices of infant feeding, their determinants among the sugali tribes and recommendations to improve their practices. False beliefs and difficulties regarding breast feeding need to be addressed through heath education and family support.
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Pandey, Pavan, and Shivendra Kumar Singh. "Dietary determinant of severe acute malnutrition among infants: Evidence from a case controlled study at a Central Indian district." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 6, no. 1 (December 10, 2016): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v6i1.30342.
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Breast feeding and complementary feeding practices ultimately determine the nutritional status of newborn at the end of infancy. The objective of the present study was to find the possible causes of malnutrition in context of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices adopted by families of infants aged 6-12 month old. A community-based, unmatched, case-controlled study was conducted involving 78 cases and 156 controls in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The study included infants aged 6- 12 months who were enrolled in the Integrated Child Development Scheme. Cases and controls were selected through a multi-staged sampling strategy. Cases were those with severe acute malnutrition and controls were those with no malnutrition as per the World Health Organization criteria. Data related to the breastfeeding, pre-lacteal feeding and complementary feeding practices were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out. P-value and Odds ratios were calculated. The proportion of exclusive breastfeeding among cases and control was 10.3% and 24.4% respectively. The high odds of malnutrition were related to lack of exclusively breastfeeding [COR(95% CI) = 4.69(2.50- 6.53)], lack of feeding semisolid food, less frequent complementary feedings [COR(95% CI) = 5.69(3.01- 8.93)], lack of hand washing by caregivers [COR(95% CI) =2.44 (1.10-3.19)], and lack of use of disinfected drinking water for infants. Proper health education should be imparted not only to mothers but also other family members involved in the childs care.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.6(1) 2016: 32-39
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N, Ulak, KC D, and Tiwari K. "Complementary Feeding Practices and it's Associated Factors Among Mothers in Selected Urban Area of Nepal." Asploro Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Case Reports 3, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2020/asjbccr.6176.
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Poor complementary feeding contributes to the characteristic negative growth trends leading to death as well. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess complementary feeding practices and associated factors in the selected urban area of Nepal. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 237 mothers having children aged 6-23 months in Bhaktapur Municipality. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data using a face-to-face interview. Data were entered in Excel followed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to determine the feeding practices of infants as per WHO recommendation. Out of the 237 children, 54.8% were boys and 42.2% were girls. In this study 61% were breastfed within 1 hour of birth, 33% were given pre-lacteal feeding, 19% were given complementary feed on time, 55.3% had good minimum meal frequency, and 47.70% were given minimum number of food groups and 26.5% were practicing good minimum acceptable diet. Total Kcal intake supplied is equal to WHO recommended standard however, triggering 84% of participants included processed food as a part of complementary feeding which is never the good practice. The majority of mothers lack the knowledge regarding ideal feeding practices as calorie intake was equal to WHO recommendation. There was a gap in knowledge and practice regarding duration of exclusive breastfeeding and initiation and continuation of ideal complementary feeding. The rate of complementary feeding was found on declining trend. Emphasis given to educate mothers about complementary feeding practices can be very useful for the purpose.
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Yeasmin, K., L. Bari, KMS Islam, and T. Yeasmin. "Dietary diversity score and socio-economic factors of stunting among pre-school children in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh." Journal of Bio-Science 26 (December 26, 2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v26i0.44662.
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In the developing countries, stunting has been the most tenacious public health problem and is the major cause of child mortality and global disease burden, where 80% of this burden is found in developing countries and would result in 22% loss of adult income. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence and determinant factors associated with stunting among pre-school children in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. A multi-stage cross sectional study was performed during the period March 2017 to September 2017. One thousand and nine (1009) pre-school children (36≤ Age ≤71 months) were considered as our study population. Data were collected by using a pretested and semi-structured questionnaire, which consisted of socio-economic characteristics, dietary and feeding pattern related information. Stunting of a child was determined using the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Standard. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regressions were carried out to identify determinants of stunting. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to assess the strength of the association, and p-value of <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Boys (52%) with mean age 53.56 ± 10.405 months and girls (48%) with mean age 51.67 ± 10.934 months were participated. The prevalence of stunting among the preschool children in Rajshahi City was 39.7% (5.4% severe, 24.9% moderate and 9.4% mild stunted). The odds of being stunted were illiterate mother, lower food purchasing capabilities, poor dietary diversity score (95% CI: 1.640-3.052; p<0.001), experiencing pre-lacteal (95% CI: 1.616-2.789; p <0.001), prevalence of disease frequency (95% CI: 1.62-3.56; p<0.01), poor socio-economic class (95% CI: 2.83- 9.51; p<0.01).
J. bio-sci. 26: 31-40, 2018
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Colecraft, EK, Christian Christian, G. Ammah, and R. Aryeetey. "Rapid review of research on dietary attitudes, beliefs and practices in Ghana 1990-2020." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 22, no. 2 (April 4, 2022): 19417–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.107.21775.
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Food-related beliefs and attitudes influence dietary behaviors and are important drivers of nutrition outcomes. Understanding beliefs and attitudes that drive dietary behaviors, as part of the process for developing Food-based Dietary Guidelines is critical for targeting messages to motivate healthy dietary diets. This rapid review was undertaken to summarize readily available local evidence on food-related beliefs, attitudes, and associated practices in Ghana. A rapid review of 39 peer-reviewed publications and graduate-level theses on the dietary behaviors of Ghanaians was conducted between November and December 2020. The study only included articles published between 1990 and 2020 involving apparently healthy populations living in Ghana. Documents were identified through a systematic literature search of Google Scholar and PubMed. Data on food-related knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices were extracted into an excel template and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The sampled research included primarily cross-sectional studies of urban, rural, peri-urban and mixed localities throughout Ghana: one was a prospective research. A range of food-related taboos were identified and classified as taboos for the general population, pregnancy-related, or child-related. Although awareness of food-related taboos was common, they were not extensively practiced. Energy-giving and nutrient-dense foods are commonly promoted during pregnancy. Culturally prescribed pre-lacteal feeds and other infant and young child feeding (IYCF) behaviors reported in the studies were not aligned with IYCF recommendations. A 3-meals-a-day pattern was observed, commonly, across all age groups; most adult meals, particularly supper, was prepared at home. However, ready-to-eat meals were regularly purchased by adults and adolescents. Adolescents frequently reported snacking and skipping meals; breakfast was the most frequently skipped meal. Fruits and vegetables were the least consumed food groups across all age groups. Muslim faith was associated with consuming more diverse diets and greater fruit and vegetable consumption. The findings of this review provide an overview of food-related beliefs and practices of Ghanaians and can inform decisions on areas to emphasize in food-based dietary guidelines and associated nutrition education messages to promote healthy diets in the Ghanaian population. Effective nutrition education is needed to dispel harmful food beliefs and practices and promote healthy food choices across the life cycle. Dietary patterns in Ghana are linked with cultural and religious practices that are often unique to particular subgroups, although there are common strands of beliefs across ethnic groups. These beliefs can result in either adverse or beneficial outcomes, depending on what eating patterns it determines. Key words: food prohibitions, dietary practices, dietary pattern, Nutrition, Ghana
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Dewi, Utami. "FAKTOR SOSIODEMOGRAFI DENGAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP BAYI DI INDONESIA (ANALISIS DATA SDKI 2007)." Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung 1, no. 2 (January 26, 2017): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.51352/jim.v1i2.32.
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It is recommended for a mother to initiate to give early breastfeeding for a newborn as the first breast milk is known to be nutritious and contains antibody. The delay of breastfeeding shows that non breast milk-supplementary food is given. Based on BPS and Macro International data 65% of infants received pre-lacteal feeds besides breast milk in their three days of life.The known relationship between sociodemography and infants’ survival in Indonesia.This was an observational study with a cohort retrospective study design by using IDHS data year 2007. Samples were all infants (<12 months, breastfed after birth) from mothers aged 15-49 years old as many as 15.679 mothers. The independent variable was sociodemography and the dependent variable was infants’ survival. The analyses used univariable, bivariable, and survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier and Log regression. Bivariable analysis using survival Kaplan-Meier showed that there was significant relationship between mother age with Log Rank 15,89 and p<0,05, mother education with Log Rank 16,25 and p<0,05 , place of residence with Log Rank 18,84 and p<0,05, socioeconomic with Log Rank 38,71 and p<0,05, birth attendant with Log Rank 17,35 and p<0,05 and infants’ survival. Sociodemography was associated significant with an infant survival. Other factors affecting infant’s survival were birth attending with no professional and mother’s age <20 and ≥35 years old.
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Gupta, Megha, Sumita Mehta, and Anshul Grover. "Breastfeeding-Prevent the Preventable." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 4499. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204800.
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Background: Breastfeeding is the best way of providing ideal food for growth and development of infants. There is urgent need for counselling of mothers in antenatal and postpartum period to promote effective breastfeeding practices. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of breastfeeding among postnatal mothers admitted in inpatient department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Babu Jagjivan Ram Memorial hospital.Methods: 200 postnatal mothers were enrolled using random sampling method and data collection was done by face to face interview using structured questionnaire.Results: Most women (42.5%) belonged to age group (21-25 years), were multiparous (60.5%) and belonged to joint family. All of them were housewives, had vaginal delivery and belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Most women knew the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, early initiation, colostrum and feeding on demand. 16% women gave pre lacteal feed most common being honey. False cultural belief as discontinuing breastfeeding while being sick, and menstruating is still prevalent in the society. However according to 93% women breastfeeding decreases family expenses. Few women are still hesitant in breastfeeding in public places and find it as an interference to sexual life. Practices of breast feeding in the form of knowledge of proper attachment and latching techniques was found to be very poor in this study.Conclusions: Most mothers had good knowledge (49%), good attitude (76%) but only 5% women had good practices of breastfeeding.
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Merga, Bedasa Taye, Bikila Balis, Gelana Fekadu, Abdi Birhanu, Addisu Alemu, and Ebisa Turi. "Determinants of pre-lacteal feeding practices among mothers having children aged less than 36 months in Ethiopia: Evidence from 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212110192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211019235.
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Background: Pre-lacteal feeding is associated with infant morbidity and mortality especially during the neonatal period. About 96% infant deaths in developing countries are attributable to inappropriate feeding practice during the first 6 months of life. This study assessed determinants of pre-lacteal feeding practices in Ethiopia using the data from nationally representative survey. Methods: Data were extracted from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey to assess determinants of pre-lacteal feeding practices in Ethiopia. The analysis included a weighted sample of 5303 mothers having children aged 0–36 months. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted and the results were presented with adjusted odds ratio at 95% confidence interval, declaring statistical significance at a p-value < 0.05 in all analyses. Results: From a total of 5303 mothers having children aged 0–36 months, 423 (8%, 95% confidence interval, 7.06%, 8.99%) had given pre-lacteal foods to their newborn baby. Being from agrarian region (adjusted odds ratio = 0.15, 95% confidence interval, 0.11, 0.20), poorest wealth status (adjusted odds ratio = 1.50, 95% confidence interval, 1.02, 2.22), home delivery (adjusted odds ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval, 1.01, 1.79), late initiation of breast feeding (adjusted odds ratio = 4.52, 95% confidence interval, 3.62, 5.64), having no counseling on breast feeding (adjusted odds ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval, 1.01, 1.75), and cesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio = 2.47, 95% confidence interval, 1.45, 4.20) were factors significantly associated with pre-lacteal feeding practice. Conclusion: A significant proportion of Ethiopian mothers had given pre-lacteal foods to their newborn babies. Poorest wealth index, region, late initiation of breast feeding, not counseled on breast feeding, home delivery, and cesarean delivery were identified as determinants of pre-lacteal feeding. Thus, emphasis should be given to improve mothers’ Infant and Young Child Feeding practice through counseling and utilization of institutional delivery. Moreover, special attention should be given to mothers from pastoralist regions and poor socio-economic status to reduce pre-lacteal feeding practice.
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Rahman, Latifa, Monwar Tarek, and Farzana Zafreen. "Breastfeeding and Weaning Practices among Selected Rural Mothers of Bangladesh." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 14, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v14i1.42725.
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Introduction: As a global public health recommendation, infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to achieve optimal growth, development and health. Thereafter, to meet their evolving nutritional requirements, infants should receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods after 6 months of their age while breastfeeding continues for up to two years of age or beyond.
Objective: To find out the pattern of breastfeeding, pre-lacteal feeding and complementary feeding practices among the mothers of 06 months to 3 years old children in a selected rural area.
Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 390 rural mothers from selected villages of Manikganj and Dhaka district from October to December 2016. Data were collected through face-to-face interview with a preformed semi-structured questionnaire.
Result: Among 390 mother only 44.8% started breastfeeding within an hour of child birth. Pre-lacteal feeding practice was very high (70.4%) and 36.7% mother fed their baby with infant formula. The duration of exclusive breastfeeding was variable; about 49.7 % of children were exclusively breastfed for 5-6 months. Among the variety of foods, most common complementary foods include suji (20.1%), homemade hotchpotch (17.5%), natural cow’s milk (16.3%) and infant formula (16.1%).
Conclusion: This study data suggest that delayed initiation of breastfeeding rate is high along with pre-lacteal feeding. An intensive program is needed create awareness among the rural mothers about exclusive breastfeeding and proper weaning.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 62-65
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Pulla, Anupama, Asma ., and Vimala Thomas. "A study to assess the newborn care practices among mothers at a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad, Telangana." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 3 (February 22, 2019): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190614.
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Background: Early neonatal period (<1 week) is the crucial period in the life of an infant as the risk of death is greatest during the first 24- 48 hours after birth. In India, around 61.3% of all infant deaths occur during neonatal period (<28 days) and more than half of these deaths occur during early neonatal period. Most of these deaths can be attributed to harmful newborn care practices in relation to bathing, feeding, cord care etc. The aims and objectives of the study were to assess the newborn care practices among women who delivered in Gandhi Hospital; to assess the relationship between maternal education and newborn care practices among study population.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 200 women who delivered in Gandhi Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana from March to June 2017 and a predesigned, pre tested questionnaire was used to obtain information.Results: The mean age of study population was 21.5±2.3 years. Around 61.9% of mother’s breastfed within first hour of life and 93.5% fed colostrum. Around 17% were given pre lacteal feeds like cow milk, honey, water etc. No harmful cord care practices like application of cow dung etc. were not followed.Conclusions: Majority of the study population had correct knowledge regarding newborn care practices. Although some of the traditional practices were still observed like giving pre lacteal feeds, discarding colostrum and avoidance of certain foods like pulses, meat, curd etc. by mother.
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George, Meera, Avita Rose Johnson, Rosalind Clara Basil, Sunayana N. Murthy, and Twinkle Agrawal. "Postpartum and Newborn Care - A Qualitative study." Indian Journal of Community Health 30, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2018.v30i02.012.
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Community-based postpartum care of mothers and newborns is vital to achieve mortality reduction. This qualitative study explored cultural beliefs and practices regarding postpartum care of mothers and newborns in rural Karnataka. Focus group discussions with newly delivered mothers and their caregivers in a rural maternity hospital, and in-depth interviews with community level health workers revealed cessation of the practice of withholding colostrum and the barbaric practice of branding, but found persisting harmful cultural beliefs and practices like withholding nutritious foods considered “hot” or “cold”, inadequate postpartum ambulation, separating husband and wife for up to a year or more after the birth, application of various substances to the umbilical stump and eyes of the newborn and giving pre-lacteal feeds. Antenatal and postpartum mothers, their caregivers, including elders in the family should be targeted by community level health workers for counseling and behavior change.
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Rahman, Md Ataur. "Knowledge and Practice about Pre-lacteal Feeding and Weaning of Mother’s in a Slum Area in Rajshahi, Bangladesh." International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research Studies 01, no. 04 (June 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijmscrs/v1-i4-02.
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Background: A pre-lacteal feed is any food other than mother's milk provided to a new-born before breastfeeding begins. It has an effect on the timing of breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding activities. Pre-lacteal feeding decreases the immunological benefits derived from colostrum while also increasing the risk of infection. Pre-lacteal feeding is a dangerous infant feeding technique that is commonly used in the developing world, including Bangladesh. The present study might help us to become well aware of the correct weaning practices by the rural mothers, their beliefs and their customs and thus may guide us regarding the ways to improve the nutritional status of the rural children as well as to improve the knowledge and practice regarding pre-lacteal feeding and weaning of the mothers. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional type of descriptive study carried out with a view to assess knowledge and practice about pre-lacteal feeding and weaning of the mothers living in slums areas in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, duration was 8 months from May, 2014 to December, 2014. All the mothers living in slum areas in Rajshahi constituted the study population, sample size was 350 and purposive sampling technique was followed. A partially structured questionnaire duly pre-tested was used to collect data by face to face interview. Results: In this study most (57.7%) of the respondent had two children, (48.6%) mentioned honey as pre-lacteal food, (47.5%) of the respondents told that pre-lacteal feeding was given due to tradition and (49.7%) considered malnutrition as the effect of not giving colostrum’s. Regarding time of weaning, (55.7%) of the respondents mentioned that the babies should be weaned at the time of more than 6 months, hotchpotch (khichuri) was considered as common weaning food consisting of (40.0%). About 49.0% of the respondents considered malnutrition as the effect of improper weaning, most (67.6%) of the respondents considered honey as pre lacteal food and hotchpotch (37.8%) was regarded as the common type of weaning food, most (73.71%) of the respondents knew about pre-lacteal food, weaning was known to almost all (99.14%) of the respondents, pre-lacteal food was given to the baby by majority (73.14%) of the respondents and almost all (99.71%) of the respondents weaned their babies. There was relationship between occupation of the respondent's husband and giving pre-lacteal food to their babies (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Pre-lacteal feeding was found to be more prevalent in slums in Rajshahi. Pre-lacteal feeding activity was closely linked to lower levels of schooling, increased family size, failure to attend ANC, and refusal to feed colostrum. As a result, improving mothers' educational status, reducing family size, encouraging ANC follow-up, and colostrum feeding are all effective ways to avoid prelacteal feeding.
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Liben, Misgan Legesse, Nigus Bililign Yimer, and Fentaw Wassie Feleke. "Nearly one-in-five mothers avoid colostrum in North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study." Journal of Nutritional Science 10 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jns.2021.97.
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Abstract Colostrum contains antibodies that protect the newborn against disease. Despite this fact, many Ethiopian mothers see colostrum feeding as a cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. These mothers believe that colostrum must discard to alleviate this effect. However, the cause of this misconception about colostrum was not well researched, particularly in this study area. The main aim of the present study was to assess colostrum avoidance and associated factors among mothers having children aged 6–59 months in North Wollo Zone, Northeastern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was used. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used for the statistical analysis. The prevalence of colostrum avoidance was 19 % (95 % CI 15⋅03, 22⋅89 %) among mother–child pair aged 6–59 months. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the most important predictors were breast-feeding initiation Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 6⋅369; 95 %, Confidence Interval (CI) (3⋅067, 13⋅224), pre-lacteal feeding AOR 3⋅464; 95 % CI (1⋅721, 6⋅973), shared household decision about child feeding AOR 3⋅585; 95 % CI (1⋅563, 7⋅226), Index child sex AOR 2⋅103; 95 % CI (1⋅015, 4⋅358) and health facility delivery AOR 3⋅033; 95 % CI (1⋅293, 7⋅117). The colostrum avoidance in the present study was 19 %. The study recommends the promotion of institutional delivery, timely initiation of breast-feeding, the shared household decisions about child feeding, avoiding sex preferences and stopping pre-lacteal feeding were critically important.
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Yuliastini, Sri, Trini Sudiarti, and Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika. "Factors Related to Stunting among Children Age 6-59 Months in Babakan Madang Sub-District, West Java, Indonesia." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, May 4, 2020, 454–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.8.2.10.
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Stunting is a category of malnutrition that can cause death for children. In 2018, 30.8% of children under five in Indonesia experienced stunting. This study aimed to determine the factors that are related to stunting in Babakan Madang sub district, West Java, Indonesia. A cross sectional study was carried out among 612 children aged 6–59 months on May–August 2019. Z-scores were calculated using WHO Anthro. The characteristics of the under-fives (sex, age, history of infectious diseases), maternal characteristics (education level, mother’s occupation, income per month, age during pregnancy, parity), and infant feeding practices (colostrum feeding, early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, pre-lacteal feeding, timely complementary feeding) were analysed. The results of univariate and bivariate analysis using Chi-square showed that for age over 24 months, nonexclusive breastfeeding and untimely complementary feeding were related to stunting. It is recommended that local governments conduct counselling and make positive approaches to the community emphasizing the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and timely complementary feeding.
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Maseta, Elina Jacob. "Factors associated with stunting among children in Mvomero district Tanzania." Nutrition and Health, October 11, 2022, 026010602211290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601060221129004.
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Background: Under nutrition has been a major problem in developing countries including Tanzania; hence, contributing to about half of the deaths among young children. Objective: The current study aimed at identifying child feeding practices and determinants of stunting in children under the age of five years in Mvomero District. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 150 mother-child pairs was carried out in Turiani ward, Mvomero district in Morogoro region. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with stunting. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Five focus group discussions comprising 5–9 mothers with children below five years participated in the study. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data from the in-depth interviews. Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting in Mvomero district was 16.8, 42.2, and 6.2% respectively. Pre-lacteal feeding was common in the study area (40%). Children were introduced to complementary food too early (˂6 months) with plain maize porridge being the first food introduced. About 57.2% of children were on the lowest tercile (≤3 food groups per day) dietary diversity score. Significant determinants of stunting were the family source of income (AOR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.99–2.3), age of a child (AOR 2.66, 95% CI: 1.03–3.50) and family size (AOR 3.22, 95% CI: 1.61–4.27). Other factors were consumption of animal foods (AOR 5.30, 95% CI: 0.26–0.60) and dietary diversity score (AOR 1.615, 95% CI: 1.014–2.574). Conclusion: Child feeding practices in the study area are sub-optimal. These findings have important implications for interventions to address stunting among children.
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Bhide, GD, and Rajat Srivastava. "A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF RISK FACTORS FOR MALNUTRITION AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN A SEMI URBAN AREA ADJOINING INDORE (MADHYA PRADESH)." International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies 4, no. 6 (June 24, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v4i6.1228.
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Background: Childhood malnutrition is a multi-dimensional problem. The prevalence of malnutrition among children in developing countries is very high. An increase in household income is not sufficient to reduce childhood malnutrition if children are deprived of food security, education, access to water, sanitation and health services. The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of malnourished children between 3 to six years of age and to ascertain the risk factors of childhood malnutrition in a semi urban adjoining Indore (Madhya Pradesh, Central India.
Objective: The objective of this case control study was to determine the risk factors for malnutrition among preschool children in a semi urban area adjoining Indore (Madhya Pradesh).
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was carried out among preschool children, aged between three to six years, attending the Anganwadi centres and their mothers in a semi urban area of Tehsil & district Indore of Madhya Pradesh, India from 1 st April to 30th June 2019. Case was a child with moderate to severe malnutrition with z-scores < −2SD from the median of WHO reference. Control was a child without malnutrition with z-scores between -2SD and +2SD and the age matched with case’s. Face to face interviews with the respective child’s mother and measurements of the respective child’s weight and height were carried out. Information on socio-economic characteristics, household food security status, child’s dietary intake, caregiver’s practices and resources were enquired. A total of 1140 children (380 cases and 760 controls) were selected by multistage cluster sampling technique. A semi-structured risk factors questionnaire was used to identify the risk factors for malnutrition among children.
Results: The majorities (45.8 and 45.5%) of the children in the study were in the age group of 3.0 to 4.0 years in case and control groups respectively. There was a slight preponderance of illiterate parents among cases in comparison to the controls. Largely, 87.4% of the children belonged to poor socio-economic status in the case groups compared to 82.4% in the control group. After adjusting for the confounders, underweight status was significantly associated with socio- economic status of the parents (aOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.96), birth weight < 2000 g (aOR: 25, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.59), recurrent diarrhoea (aOR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.83), recurrent cold and cough (aOR: 3.88, 95% CI: 1.96, 7.67), worm infestation (aOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.19, 3.38) and pre-lacteal feed given (aOR: 3.64, 95% CI: 2.27, 5.86).
Conclusion: Parental education, childhood illness, short birth interval, open defaecation, type of weaning and complimentary food given to children were some of the significant determinants of underweight that were found in the study. Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaigns alleviating food habits and taboos and promoting birth spacing is the need of the hour for preventing the occurrence of malnutrition among preschool children.
Keywords: Malnutrition, Anganwadi centres, preschool children, pre-lacteal feed, socio-economic characteristics, Information, Education and Communication (IEC), Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
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Dulal, Sophiya, Audrey Prost, Surendra Karki, Dafna Merom, Bhim Prasad Shrestha, Bishnu Bhandari, Dharma S. Manandhar, David Osrin, Anthony Costello, and Naomi M. Saville. "Feeding, caregiving practices, and developmental delay among children under five in lowland Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional survey." BMC Public Health 22, no. 1 (September 10, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13776-8.
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Abstract Background Nurturing care, including adequate nutrition, responsive caregiving and early learning, is critical to early childhood development. In Nepal, national surveys highlight inequity in feeding and caregiving practices for young children. Our objective was to describe infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and cognitive and socio-emotional caregiving practices among caregivers of children under five in Dhanusha district, Nepal, and to explore socio-demographic and economic factors associated with these practices. Methods We did a cross-sectional analysis of a subset of data from the MIRA Dhanusha cluster randomised controlled trial, including mother-child dyads (N = 1360), sampled when children were median age 46 days and a follow-up survey of the same mother-child dyads (N = 1352) when children were median age 38 months. We used World Health Organization IYCF indicators and questions from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey-4 tool to obtain information on IYCF and cognitive and socio-emotional caregiving practices. Using multivariable logistic regression models, potential explanatory household, parental and child-level variables were tested to determine their independent associations with IYCF and caregiving indicators. Results The prevalence of feeding indicators varied. IYCF indicators, including ever breastfed (99%), exclusive breastfeeding (24-hour recall) (89%), and vegetable/fruit consumption (69%) were common. Problem areas were early initiation of breastfeeding (16%), colostrum feeding (67%), no pre-lacteal feeding (53%), timely introduction of complementary feeding (56%), minimum dietary diversity (49%) and animal-source food consumption (23%). Amongst caregiving indicators, access to 3+ children’s books (7%), early stimulation and responsive caregiving (11%), and participation in early childhood education (27%) were of particular concern, while 64% had access to 2+ toys and 71% received adequate care. According to the Early Child Development Index score, only 38% of children were developmentally on track. Younger children from poor households, whose mothers were young, had not received antenatal visits and delivered at home were at higher risk of poor IYCF and caregiving practices. Conclusions Suboptimal caregiving practices, inappropriate early breastfeeding practices, delayed introduction of complementary foods, inadequate dietary diversity and low animal-source food consumption are challenges in lowland Nepal. We call for urgent integrated nutrition and caregiving interventions, especially as interventions for child development are lacking in Nepal.
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Singh Bhandari, Mukta, Pratibha Manandhar, and Dipesh Tamrakar. "Practice of Breastfeeding and its Barriers among Women Working in Tertiary Level Hospitals." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 57, no. 215 (February 28, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.4035.
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Introduction: Breastfeeding provides ideal food for newborns and prevents recurrent infection and malnutrition in infants. In Nepal, breastfeeding is a universal practice but exclusive breastfeeding is low. As there is increased involvement of women in workforce, practice of breastfeeding may have been compromised. The main objective of the study was to examine the practice and barriers of breastfeeding among women working in tertiary level hospitals of Nepal. Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study. Study participants were wom- en working in Dhulikhel Hospital and Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital and was conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Ethical approval was taken from institutional review committee of both institutions. Total of 208 women were included in the study and face to face interview was conducted. Data entry and analysis was done using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS).Results: Breastfeeding practice was universal and colostrum was fed by 195 (94%) women. Pre- lacteal feeding was given by 14 (7%) women and 119 (57%) initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth. Total of 93 (45%) children were exclusively breastfed for any duration while 10 (11%) were exclusively breastfed for six months. The mean duration of breastfeeding was 14.57 months and 90 (43%) started complementary feeding before six months. Total of 97 (51%) women and 42 (47%) women stated work as barrier for not exclusively breastfeeding and early complementary feeding respectively. Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding was very low and children were breastfed for less than two years. Complementary feeding was also started earlier and work was stated as the main barrier for poor breastfeeding practice.
Keywords: breastfeeding; complementary feeding; working women.
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Admasu, Jatani, Gudina Egata, Dereje Getahun Bassore, and Fentaw Wassie Feleke. "Effect of maternal nutrition education on early initiation and exclusive breast-feeding practices in south Ethiopia: a cluster randomised control trial." Journal of Nutritional Science 11 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jns.2022.36.
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Abstract Introduction: Optimal breast-feeding practices make a major contribution to the promotion of healthy growth and development through much prevention of diarrheal and respiratory diseases which majorly cause morbidity and mortality in under-five children. However, breast-feeding practices remain suboptimality in Ethiopia. Objective: The study objective was to determine the effect of maternal nutrition education on early initiation and exclusive breast-feeding practice in the Hawela Tulla sub-city. Methods: A cluster randomised, parallel-group, single-blinded trial was used. About 310 pregnant women (155 for the intervention group and 155 for the control group) were included. Result: An early initiation of breast-feeding was significantly higher among women who received breast-feeding education than those who did not receive (104(72·7 %) v. 85(59·9 %), P = 0·022) and exclusive breast-feeding practice was also significantly higher among women who received breast-feeding education than those who did not receive (106(74·1 %) v. 86(60·6 %), P = 0·015). Breast-feeding education [AORs 1·55, 95 % CI (1·02, 2·36)], institutional delivery [AOR 2·29, 95 % CI (1·21, 4·35)], vaginal delivery [AOR 2·85, 95 % CI (1·61, 5·41)] and pre-lacteal feeding [AOR 0·47, 95 % CI (0·25, 0·85)] were predictors of early initiation of breast-feeding. Breast-feeding education [AOR 1·72, 95 % CI (1·12, 2·64)] and institutional delivery [AOR 2·36, 95 % CI (1·28, 4·33)] were also determinants of exclusive breast-feeding practices. Conclusion: Breast-feeding education improved early initiation of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding practices. Providing sustained education to women regarding early initiation and exclusive breast-feeding practice should be strengthened.
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Mohan, Anil, Santanu Deb, Palash Ranjan Gogoi, Prasenjit Paul, Sabrina Yesmin, Lima Sangla, Pramod Paharia, and Anamika Krishnan. "ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA IN TRIBAL COMMUNITY OF MEGHALAYA, INDIA - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, June 1, 2022, 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/1604850.
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Objective: To identify the etiological factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in tribal population of Meghalaya, India. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Neonatal intensive care unit under (level II NICU) Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology of Nazareth Hospital, Meghalaya, India. Participants: Neonates of Khasi, Jaintia and Garo tribes with neonatal jaundice admitted in NICU of Nazareth Hospital, Meghalaya, India. Main Outcome Measures: Demographic variables of the study population, Mean TSB values of various etiological factors, Effect of various etiological factors in early onset neonatal jaundice, Nature and duration of interventions needed for the neonates studied. Results: In 58.9% of the 409 neonates studied, no cause could be assigned for the development of jaundice. Of the remaining, 19.8% was attributed to low birth weight whereas 19% had ABO incompatibility and 10.8% were premature. 9.3% had sepsis, 8.5% had G6PD deciency while 3.2% were born to mothers with diabetes mellitus. Rh incompatibility was the causative factor in 1.7%. In 1.7%, pre-lacteal feed was associated with jaundice. In 62.3% of cases delayed cord clamping was found to be associated. Conclusions: Total serum bilirubin tends to be higher in female neonates, of term gestation, with birth weight 2500 g or above and with ABO incompatibility. Delayed initiation of breast feeding, those with positive history of neonatal jaundice in older siblings and those with proven neonatal sepsis were also found to have higher levels of bilirubin. Neonates who were given pre-lacteals and those born to diabetic mothers show lower mean total serum bilirubin levels. Most neonates who developed jaundice within 24 hours of life (early onset jaundice) had ABO incompatibility.
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Boh, Nwachan Mirabelle, and Ejoh Aba Richard. "Factors Associated with the Implementation of the WHO Breastfeeding Recommendations in Momo Division, North-West Region of Cameroon." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety, December 4, 2019, 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2019/v11i330149.
Full textAbstract:
Breastfeeding is essential to break the spiteful cycle of malnutrition in children. In spite of the WHO recommendations on optimum breastfeeding practices and their extensively acknowledged benefits, adherence to these recommendations in Cameroon remains incredibly low. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with the implementation of the WHO breastfeeding recommendations among mothers whose children are aged 0 to 24 months in Momo Division, Cameroon. To achieve this goal, 540 mothers attending 22 health units in the 5 sub divisions of Momo division completed structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Through this questionnaire, information on their socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, their knowledge and cultural beliefs about breastfeeding practices and the characteristics of their babies were collected. Results show that 51.5% of babies were girls and 46.1% of mothers had secondary education as their highest level of education. The monthly household income of most (80%) of the mothers was less than 100000frs CFA. Factors found to influence pre-lacteal feeding were mode of delivery, mother’s attitude on the type of first food to be given to the baby and birth order. Breastfeeding initiation within one hour following delivery was associated with place of delivery and mode of delivery. Exclusive breastfeeding was influenced by breast problems, mother’s employment status and misconceptions. The only factor associated with frequency of breastfeeding was the infant’s age. Duration of breastfeeding was associated with birth weight, and maternal knowledge on recommended duration of breastfeeding. The main impairments to breastfeeding practices were mistaken ideas based on misinformation, inadequate or no maternity leave, caesarian method of delivery, delayed breast milk secretion, breast problems and non-satiation of the baby after breastfeeding. The misconceptions noticed amongst mothers in this Division was the belief that breast milk alone is not enough to meet the nutritional needs of the baby for up to six months, expressed breast milk should not be fed to the baby and that infants below 6 months need water to quench their thirst. Maternal knowledge on breastfeeding was good as many knew the importance of breast milk.
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Bayih, Wubet Alebachew, Demewoz Kefale Mekonen, and Solomon Demis Kebede. "Prevalence and associated factors of prelacteal feeding among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units, North central Ethiopia, 2019." BMC Public Health 20, no. 1 (September 25, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09578-5.
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Abstract Background Prelacteal feeding compromises the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, thereby increasing neonatal malnutrition, infection and mortality. About 26% of the Ethiopian neonates are given prelacteal feeds and nearly 48% of whom are attributed to Amhara region. Besides, prior Ethiopian studies have shown significance of the problem at different community settings in the country. However, the prevalence and associated factors of prelacteal feeding among neonatal admissions has been overlooked in the country in general and in the study area in particular. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of prelacteal feeding among neonatal admissions in the study setting. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 321 mother-neonate pairs admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Debre Tabor General Hospital between September 2018 and February 2019. Every fourth mother neonate pair was included to the study. Multivariable logistic regressions were fitted to find out adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of factors associated with pre-lacteal feeding. Results The prevalence of prelacteal feeding was 20.2% [95% CI: 15.31–26.75%]. Plain water was the most common prelacteal food (32.3%). Factors associated with prelacteal feeding include rural residence (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI: 1.30, 12.81), primiparity (AOR = 4.50, 95% CI: 1.30–12.81), less than four ANC visits (AOR = 4.71, 95% CI: 1.23–17.84), spousal accompany to ANC (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.75), home delivery (AOR = 5.94, 95% CI: 1.80–19.67), having twin newborns (AOR = 6.69, 95% CI: 1.25, 35.91) and maternal belief on the purported advantages of prelacteal feeding (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI: 2.09–25.39). Conclusion and recommendation One out of five sick neonates was given prelacteal feeds. Twin neonates, home delivered neonates, rural neonates, neonates born to primiparous mothers, neonates delivered from mothers who had less than four ANC visits, neonates born to mothers who weren’t accompanied by their spouse during ANC and those born to mothers who believe on the purported advantages of prelacteal feeding had higher odds of receiving prelacteal feeds. Therefore, mothers of these vulnerable neonates should be provided with more emphasis about counseling of infant and young child feeding practice during their stay at NICU.
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"Factors Influencing the Practices of Exclusive Breastfeeding in a Hospital Setting." Journal of Sylhet Women’s Medical College 12, Number 02 (July 1, 2022): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/jswmc2022v12-02-54.
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Background: Breast milk is a most precious natural gift for a newborn and continues to be the optimal form of diet after birth. The practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is still poor in Bangladesh despite the associated benefits. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was done to determine the factors influencing the practice of EBF among the 107 lactating mothers in a hospital setting. Results: More than half of the hospital admitted children (56.1%) were in ≤6 months and two-thirds (65.4%) were 1st children of their parents. 44.9% of mothers and 29.0% of fathers of children had no formal education. One-third of the mothers attending breast feeding counseling programs (34.6%), and also get support and care during their lactation period(33.6%). Two-fifths of mothers (40.2%) had sound knowledge about EBF duration and less than one-third (29.9%) were fed EBF expediently.EBF practices among the mothers are statistically significant association with received counseling on breastfeeding, proper attachment during breastfeeding, pre-lacteal foods given after delivery, type of complementary foods, appliances used for complementary feeding, and support and care during the lactation period (p<0.05). The association of knowledge about EBF duration is also statistically significant with counseling on breastfeeding (p<0.05). Conclusion: Lactating mothers have to face various challenges, as they are trying to practice EBF for the first 6 months of a newborn. It’s indeed scaling up EBF practices that require intensive efforts at all levels including family and community levels.
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Kinabo, Joyce L., Akwilina W. Mwanri, Peter S. Mamiro, Kissa Kulwa, Nyamizi H. Bundala, Janeth Picado, John Msuya, et al. "Infant and young child feeding practices on Unguja Island in Zanzibar, Tanzania: a ProPAN based analysis." Tanzania Journal of Health Research 19, no. 3 (August 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v19i3.5.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Undernutrition in children has remained a challenge despite the success achieved in reduction of other childhood diseases in Zanzibar. Most empirical studies on infants and young child feeding (IYCF) have examined nutritional value of foods fed to the children in terms of energy and micronutrient content. Little is known on the role of culture, traditions and social norms in influencing IYCF practices. This study aimed at assessing the existing IYCF practices and socio-cultural factors influencing these practises using ProPAN tool to get an in-depth understanding of the mothers’ practices with respect to exclusive breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding.Methods: A cross sectional study involving mothers/caregivers was conducted using semi-structured interviews and opportunistic observations on Unguja Island, Zanzibar. A random selection of 36 Shehias and 213 households with children 0 – 23 months old was done proportional-to-size of Shehias and children. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using the ProPAN tool and embedded software for analyses.Results: A total of 213 of mothers/caregivers were involved in the study. Almost all new-borns were fed colostrum (96%). Proportion of mothers who initiated breastfeeding within one hour after giving birth was 63%. About 24% of the women practiced exclusive breastfeeding and 21% of the children were given pre-lacteal feeds 2-3 days after birth. The mean age of introduction of complementary foods was four months. Responsive feeding was not practiced by some mothers as 31% of the children 12-23 months of age were left to eat alone without any support from caregivers. The common reasons for non-adherence to the recommended feeding practices were related to income and socio-cultural norms which are strong in the community and supported by other family members.Conclusion: Infant and young child feeding in Unguja was suboptimal. Inadequate care practices, use of pre-lacteals, early introduction of complementary foods, low rate of exclusive breastfeeding and low meal frequency were among the common practices. The main causes of the observed feeding practice were related to socio-cultural norms and beliefs. There is a need to strengthen IYCF education into the antenatal clinic regime.