Journal articles: 'Pre-Pottery Neolithic'

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Lazaridis, Iosif, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Ayşe Acar, Ayşen Açıkkol, Anagnostis Agelarakis, Levon Aghikyan, Uğur Akyüz, et al. "Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia." Science 377, no. 6609 (August 26, 2022): 982–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abq0762.

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We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.

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Celik, Bahattin. "A new Pre-Pottery Neolithic site in Southeastern Turkey: Ayanlar Höyük (Gre Hut)." Documenta Praehistorica 44 (January 4, 2018): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.22.

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Ayanlar Höyük (Gre Hut), located 30km west of Şanlıurfa, was discovered during surface surveys conducted in 2013. Ayanlar Höyük dated to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period, is a large- scale mound like Göbekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe, covering an overall surface area of 14 hectares. It was learned recently that three artefacts dated to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period which are held by Şanlıurfa Museum were brought from Ayanlar Höyük. The artefacts in Şanlıurfa Museum and the finds recovered from Ayanlar Höyük during a surface survey have been identified as having characteristics similar to those from Körtik Tepe, Göbekli Tepe, Nevali Çori and Karahan Tepe. Consequently, Ayanlar Höyük should be dated between the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period B (EPPNB) and the mid-Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period B (MPPNB).

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Celik, Bahattin. "A new Pre-Pottery Neolithic site in Southeastern Turkey: Ayanlar Höyük (Gre Hut)." Documenta Praehistorica 44 (January 4, 2018): 360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.44.22.

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Ayanlar Höyük (Gre Hut), located 30km west of Şanlıurfa, was discovered during surface surveys conducted in 2013. Ayanlar Höyük dated to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period, is a large- scale mound like Göbekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe, covering an overall surface area of 14 hectares. It was learned recently that three artefacts dated to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period which are held by Şanlıurfa Museum were brought from Ayanlar Höyük. The artefacts in Şanlıurfa Museum and the finds recovered from Ayanlar Höyük during a surface survey have been identified as having characteristics similar to those from Körtik Tepe, Göbekli Tepe, Nevali Çori and Karahan Tepe. Consequently, Ayanlar Höyük should be dated between the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period B (EPPNB) and the mid-Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period B (MPPNB).

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Asouti, Eleni. "Beyond the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B interaction sphere." Journal of World Prehistory 20, no. 2-4 (April 26, 2007): 87–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10963-007-9008-1.

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Arranz-Otaegui, Amaia, Sue Colledge, Lydia Zapata, Luis Cesar Teira-Mayolini, and Juan José Ibáñez. "Regional diversity on the timing for the initial appearance of cereal cultivation and domestication in southwest Asia." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 49 (December 6, 2016): 14001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612797113.

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Recent studies have broadened our knowledge regarding the origins of agriculture in southwest Asia by highlighting the multiregional and protracted nature of plant domestication. However, there have been few archaeobotanical data to examine whether the early adoption of wild cereal cultivation and the subsequent appearance of domesticated-type cereals occurred in parallel across southwest Asia, or if chronological differences existed between regions. The evaluation of the available archaeobotanical evidence indicates that during Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) cultivation of wild cereal species was common in regions such as the southern-central Levant and the Upper Euphrates area, but the plant-based subsistence in the eastern Fertile Crescent (southeast Turkey, Iran, and Iraq) focused on the exploitation of plants such as legumes, goatgrass, fruits, and nuts. Around 10.7–10.2 ka Cal BP (early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B), the predominant exploitation of cereals continued in the southern-central Levant and is correlated with the appearance of significant proportions (∼30%) of domesticated-type cereal chaff in the archaeobotanical record. In the eastern Fertile Crescent exploitation of legumes, fruits, nuts, and grasses continued, and in the Euphrates legumes predominated. In these two regions domesticated-type cereal chaff (>10%) is not identified until the middle and late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (10.2–8.3 ka Cal BP). We propose that the cultivation of wild and domesticated cereals developed at different times across southwest Asia and was conditioned by the regionally diverse plant-based subsistence strategies adopted by Pre-Pottery Neolithic groups.

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Çevik, Özlem, and Osman Vuruşkan. "Ulucak Höyük." Documenta Praehistorica 47 (December 1, 2020): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.6.

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It has been increasingly clear that pottery was adopted as a continuous technology during the first quarter of the 7th millennium BC in a wide region, from Upper Mesopotamia through Central Anatolia and the Lakes District region. However, the absence of pottery in the basal level at Ulucak Höyük shows the presence of a pre-ceramic sequence in western Anatolia, before c. 6600/6500 cal BC. This article discusses the earliest pottery assemblage from Ulucak (6600/6500–6200 cal BC) and compares it with the later ceramic sequences at the site. Ultimately, the functional and typological developmental sequence of Neolithic pottery at Ulucak Höyük and its temporo-spatial relations with other Neolithic sites in Anatolia will be assessed.

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Spataro, Michela. "FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF EARLY NEOLITHIC RUSSIAN POTTERY TECHNOLOGY." Samara Journal of Science 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20153214.

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Ceramics appeared in southern Russia at about the same time as in southern Europe, at ca. 6000 cal BC, but whilst pottery was introduced into southern Europe, together with plant and animal domesticates, from southwest Asia, early Neolithic pottery in eastern Europe was probably developed locally by hunter-gatherers, or derived from other pre-agricultural societies in northern Eurasia. In this paper, four sherds from four different regions of central and southern Russia are analysed using the same methods previously employed in two large-scale research programmes on early Neolithic pottery from the Adriatic and the central Balkans. The four pots were made with different tempering agents and were generally low-fired, but while they may represent different technological traditions to the southern European pottery, the overall technical quality of the hunter-gatherer pottery is no less developed than that of the early farmers.

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Betts, Alison. "The Pre-Pottery Neolithic B Period in Eastern Jordan." Paléorient 15, no. 1 (1989): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1989.4493.

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Sebbane, Michael. "Mace in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Ancient Near East." Tel Aviv 50, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 126–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2023.2190285.

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Kuijt, Ian, and Nathan Goodale. "Daily Practice and the Organization of Space at the Dawn of Agriculture: A Case Study from the near East." American Antiquity 74, no. 3 (July 2009): 403–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000273160004868x.

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Drawing upon the lithic remains from the Late Natufian and Pre-Pottery Neolithic A occupations of "Iraq ed-Dubb, Jordan, we utilize a quantifiable statistical approach with Geographic Information Systems analysis to interpret shifting practices that influenced site structure. This study indicates that the highly mobile Late Natufian population who inhabited the site had fairly nondelineated use of space compared to a more delineated use of space during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A. It appears that intensified intra-community organization of space was a byproduct of decreased residential mobility. Moreover, the emergence of more formal intra-community organization likely aided in the development of much more complex human societies that evolved several millennia after the onset of Holocene conditions.

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Amirov, Shahmardan N. "THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS OF FOOTHILLS AND FOOTHILL PLAIN OF ZAGROS: A GENERAL OVERVIEW." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch11110-127.

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In the article a general overview of the first Pre-Pottery Neolithic settlements of the Zagros foothills zone of primary domestication is presented. The inner Zagros area, at an altitude of more than 1000 m above sea level, is the zone of the natural habitation of the wild ancestors of cultivated plants and small ungulates. In this area there are known long-term settlements of the earliest Pre-Pottery Neolithic stage, where the formation of a productive economy is documented. These settlements are dated from the second half of X-IX millennium BC. At the same time, the foothills of the Zagros are outside the natural habitat of the ancestors of cultivated plants and domestic animals. The earliest sedentary settlements in this part of the Zagros Mountains represent the Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic stage, and are dated to the second half of the VIII millennium BC. These settlements were investigated in different natural-ecological zones - from foothill-steppe landscapes to the border with the alluvial plain of Southern Mesopotamia. At the same time, all the early Neolithic settlements of the Zagros foothills are placed in the zone of risky farming, insufficient to produce a sustainable crop in the modern conditions. This fact suggests that at the time of the initial human settlement, the humidity in this part of the Mesopotamian Lowlands was much greater than at present. The time of the primary sedentary development of the Zagros foothills and foothill plain coincides with the period of climatic optimum of the second half of the VIII millennium BC., which is currently traced both in the western and eastern parts of the Levantine-Mesopotamian lowlands. The finale of the Pre-Potery Neolithic settlements in the Zagros foothills can be associated with an exceptionally arid and sufficiently extended cycle dated from the end of VIII-VII millennium BC.

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Nieuwenhuyse, Olivier P., Peter M. M. G. Akkermans, and Johannes van der Plicht. "Not so coarse, nor always plain – the earliest pottery of Syria." Antiquity 84, no. 323 (March 1, 2010): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00099774.

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The site of Tell Sabi Abyad in Syria offers a superb stratified sequence passing from the aceramic (pre-pottery) to pottery-using Neolithic around 7000 BC. Surprisingly the first pottery arrives fully developed with mineral tempering, burnishing and stripey decoration in painted slip. The expected, more experimental-looking, plant-tempered coarse wares shaped by baskets arrive about 300 years later. Did the first ceramic impetus come from elsewhere?

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Shtienberg, Gilad, Assaf Yasur-Landau, Richard D. Norris, Michael Lazar, Tammy M. Rittenour, Anthony Tamberino, Omri Gadol, et al. "A Neolithic mega-tsunami event in the eastern Mediterranean: Prehistoric settlement vulnerability along the Carmel coast, Israel." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): e0243619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243619.

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Tsunami events in antiquity had a profound influence on coastal societies. Six thousand years of historical records and geological data show that tsunamis are a common phenomenon affecting the eastern Mediterranean coastline. However, the possible impact of older tsunamis on prehistoric societies has not been investigated. Here we report, based on optically stimulated luminescence chronology, the earliest documented Holocene tsunami event, between 9.91 to 9.29 ka (kilo-annum), from the eastern Mediterranean at Dor, Israel. Tsunami debris from the early Neolithic is composed of marine sand embedded within fresh-brackish wetland deposits. Global and local sea-level curves for the period, 9.91–9.29 ka, as well as surface elevation reconstructions, show that the tsunami had a run-up of at least ~16 m and traveled between 3.5 to 1.5 km inland from the palaeo-coastline. Submerged slump scars on the continental slope, 16 km west of Dor, point to the nearby “Dor-complex” as a likely cause. The near absence of Pre-Pottery Neolithic A-B archaeological sites (11.70–9.80 cal. ka) suggest these sites were removed by the tsunami, whereas younger, late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B-C (9.25–8.35 cal. ka) and later Pottery-Neolithic sites (8.25–7.80 cal. ka) indicate resettlement following the event. The large run-up of this event highlights the disruptive impact of tsunamis on past societies along the Levantine coast.

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Wicks, Karen, Bill Finlayson, Darko Maričević, Sam Smith, Emma Jenkins, and Steven Mithen. "Dating WF16: Exploring the Chronology of a Pre-Pottery Neolithic A Settlement in the Southern Levant." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 82 (April 20, 2016): 73–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2015.21.

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A pre-requisite for understanding the transition to the Neolithic in the Levant is the establishment of a robust chronology, most notably for the late Epi-Palaeolithic and Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) periods. In this contribution we undertake a dating analysis of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of WF16, southern Jordan, drawing on a sample of 46 AMS14C dates. We utilise Bayesian methods to quantify an old wood effect to provide an offset that we factor into chronological models for a number of individual structures at WF16 and for the settlement as a whole. In doing so we address the influence of slope variations in the calibration curve and expose the significance of sediment and sample redeposition within sites of this nature. We conclude that for the excavated deposits at WF16 human activity is likely to have started by c. 11.84 ka calbpand lasted for at least c. 1590 years, ceasing by c. 10.24 ka calbp. This is marked by a particularly intensive period of activity lasting for c. 350 years centred on 11.25 ka calbpfollowed by less intensive activity lasting a further c. 880 years. The study reveals the potential of WF16 as a laboratory to explore methodological issues concerning14C dating of early Neolithic sites in arid, erosional environments.

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Di Chiara, Anita, Lisa Tauxe, Thomas E. Levy, Mohammad Najjar, Fabio Florindo, and Erez Ben-Yosef. "The strength of the Earth’s magnetic field from Pre-Pottery to Pottery Neolithic, Jordan." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 34 (August 16, 2021): e2100995118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100995118.

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Constraining secular variation of the Earth’s magnetic field strength in the past is fundamental to understanding short-term processes of the geodynamo. Such records also constitute a powerful and independent dating tool for archaeological sites and geological formations. In this study, we present 11 robust archaeointensity results from Pre-Pottery to Pottery Neolithic Jordan that are based on both clay and flint (chert) artifacts. Two of these results constitute the oldest archaeointensity data for the entire Levant, ancient Egypt, Turkey, and Mesopotamia, extending the archaeomagnetic reference curve for the Holocene. Virtual Axial Dipole Moments (VADMs) show that the Earth’s magnetic field in the Southern Levant was weak (about two-thirds the present field) at around 7600 BCE, recovering its strength to greater than the present field around 7000 BCE, and gradually weakening again around 5200 BCE. In addition, successful results obtained from burnt flint demonstrate the potential of this very common, and yet rarely used, material in archaeomagnetic research, in particular for prehistoric periods from the first use of fire to the invention of pottery.

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Ibáñez, Juan José, David Ortega, Daniel Campos, Lamya Khalidi, and Vicenç Méndez. "Testing complex networks of interaction at the onset of the Near Eastern Neolithic using modelling of obsidian exchange." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 107 (June 2015): 20150210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0210.

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In this paper, we explore the conditions that led to the origins and development of the Near Eastern Neolithic using mathematical modelling of obsidian exchange. The analysis presented expands on previous research, which established that the down-the-line model could not explain long-distance obsidian distribution across the Near East during this period. Drawing from outcomes of new simulations and their comparison with archaeological data, we provide results that illuminate the presence of complex networks of interaction among the earliest farming societies. We explore a network prototype of obsidian exchange with distant links which replicates the long-distance movement of ideas, goods and people during the Early Neolithic. Our results support the idea that during the first (Pre-Pottery Neolithic A) and second (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) phases of the Early Neolithic, the complexity of obsidian exchange networks gradually increased. We propose then a refined model (the optimized distant link model) whereby long-distance exchange was largely operated by certain interconnected villages, resulting in the appearance of a relatively homogeneous Neolithic cultural sphere. We hypothesize that the appearance of complex interaction and exchange networks reduced risks of isolation caused by restricted mobility as groups settled and argue that these networks partially triggered and were crucial for the success of the Neolithic Revolution. Communities became highly dynamic through the sharing of experiences and objects, while the networks that developed acted as a repository of innovations, limiting the risk of involution.

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FUJII, Sumio. "“Kite Site” Another Aspect of the Levantine Pre-Pottery Neolithic." Bulletin of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan 29, no. 2 (1986): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5356/jorient.29.2_63.

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Garfinkel, Yosef, and Liora R. Kolska Horwitz. "The Pre-Pottery Neolithic B Bone Industry from Yiftahel, Israel." Paléorient 14, no. 1 (1988): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1988.4441.

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Kozłowski, Stefan K., and Andrzej Kempisty. "Architecture of the pre‐pottery neolithic settlement in Nemrik, Iraq." World Archaeology 21, no. 3 (February 1990): 348–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1990.9980113.

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Sari, Deniz, and Semsettin Akyol. "The Early Neolithic pottery of Keçiçayiri and its place in the North-western Anatolian Neolithisation process." Documenta Praehistorica 46 (December 6, 2019): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.46-9.

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The region of Inner North-western Anatolia was a key node in the transmission of the Neolithic lifestyle from the Near East to Marmara, and from there to the Balkans and the rest of Europe. It formed the intersection between several important routes and trade networks, and the settlement of Keçiçayırı, the subject of this paper, had an essential role in the transfer of cultural elements during the Neolithic. The settlement is located on a natural communication route that connects the region of Emirdag-Bolvadin with Eskisehir across the mountainous area of Phrygia, between the distribution areas of the Hacılar and Fikirtepe cultural groups. Finds from the site include both Pre-Pottery Neolithic material and Early Neolithic ceramics, and it is therefore among the earliest permanent settlements of the Eskisehir region, and contains some of the earliest evidence for the Neolithisation process. In this paper, the pottery assemblage of the Early Neolithic settlement at Keçiçayırı is discussed, and its place in the spread of Neolithisation from the Near East to Northwestern Anatolia is evaluated when compared to other known sites.

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Sari, Deniz, and Semsettin Akyol. "The Early Neolithic pottery of Keçiçayiri and its place in the North-western Anatolian Neolithisation process." Documenta Praehistorica 46 (December 6, 2019): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.46.9.

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The region of Inner North-western Anatolia was a key node in the transmission of the Neolithic lifestyle from the Near East to Marmara, and from there to the Balkans and the rest of Europe. It formed the intersection between several important routes and trade networks, and the settlement of Keçiçayırı, the subject of this paper, had an essential role in the transfer of cultural elements during the Neolithic. The settlement is located on a natural communication route that connects the region of Emirdag-Bolvadin with Eskisehir across the mountainous area of Phrygia, between the distribution areas of the Hacılar and Fikirtepe cultural groups. Finds from the site include both Pre-Pottery Neolithic material and Early Neolithic ceramics, and it is therefore among the earliest permanent settlements of the Eskisehir region, and contains some of the earliest evidence for the Neolithisation process. In this paper, the pottery assemblage of the Early Neolithic settlement at Keçiçayırı is discussed, and its place in the spread of Neolithisation from the Near East to Northwestern Anatolia is evaluated when compared to other known sites.

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Namdar, Dvory, Alon Amrani, Nimrod Getzov, and Ianir Milevski. "Olive oil storage during the fifth and sixth millennia BC at Ein Zippori, Northern Israel." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 62, no. 1-2 (May 18, 2015): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.2014.960733.

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Several occupation levels dating to the sixth to fifth millennia BC (the Wadi Rabah and pre-Ghassulian Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic cultures as well as the Early Bronze Age IB–II) were found in a salvage excavation conducted at Ein Zippori in the lower Galilee. Pottery vessels from the different periods were sampled for organic residue analysis study and were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Olive oil was one of the most common organic residues detected in the vessels, from the levels of the Wadi Rabah occupation and onwards (sixth to fifth millennia BC). This find throws new light on the exploitation of olives in the southern Levant as well as on the large-scale production and consumption of olive oil in the Late Pottery Neolithic and pre-Ghassulian Chalcolithic times.

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Borrell, Ferran, and Miquel Molist. "Social Interaction at the End of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B: an Inter-site Analysis in the Euphrates Valley." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 24, no. 2 (June 2014): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774314000456.

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This article discusses contact, social relationships, and social organization between sites at the end of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic in the Euphrates valley; all of which are of high importance for reconstructing and modelling social organization in consolidated agricultural villages. Our analysis has succeeded in identifying a complex range of overlapping levels and types of social interaction that occurred simultaneously and operated at different scales including the household, the community and inter-regional communities. This complex mixture of interacting spheres, together with the identification of cultural-social boundaries, enables us to understand and explain inter-site variation in material culture and mortuary practices. Moreover, they reflect the growing social complexity of large farming communities at the end of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic and the role played by settlement as the social unit through which these communities became more distinctive and self-consciously different.

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Manning, Sturt W., Carole McCartney, Bernd Kromer, and Sarah T. Stewart. "The earlier Neolithic in Cyprus: recognition and dating of a Pre-Pottery Neolithic A occupation." Antiquity 84, no. 325 (September 1, 2010): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00100171.

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Intensive survey and initial excavations have succeeded in pushing back the Neolithic human occupation of Cyprus to the earlier ninth millennium cal BC. Contemporary with PPNA in the Levant, and with signs of belonging to the same intellectual community, these were not marginalised foragers, but participants in the developing Neolithic project, which was therefore effectively networked over the sea.

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Kornienko, Tatiana Vladimirovna. "Food resources in the economy and ritual practices of the Northern Mesopotamia population during the transition to the Neolithic." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201874203.

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The ultimate establishment of the agricultural economy in the central zone of the Fertile Crescent took place in the late Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNB), while the heyday of symbolism, establishing complex social relations among the population of Northern Mesopotamia occur in the era of the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNA). In this period, the domestication of any plant species is not yet registered in South-Eastern Anatolia (an area where the long-term intertribal cult center of Gbekli Tepe was found) unlike the neighboring Levant. The paper discusses possible models for the producing economy establishment in the region, analyzes materials suggesting that the ritual practices of the transition period to the Neolithic in some cases could contribute to the emergence and new economic strategies spread on the territory of Northern Mesopotamia. At the same time, the comparison of the climatic changes scientific studies results, archeobotanical and archaeozoological collections and material evidence of the development of social and spiritual life from Epipaleolithic and early Neolithic monuments of Northern Mesopotamia shows the coevolution/mutual influence of people and the surrounding natural environment. In our opinion, on the basis of the available data it is impossible to assert the primacy of the symbol revolution in the process of Neolithization in relation to early attempts at plant cultivation.

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Piguet, Martine, and Marie Besse. "Chronology and Bell Beaker Common Ware." Radiocarbon 51, no. 2 (2009): 817–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200056125.

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The Bell Beaker is a culture of the Final Neolithic, which spread across Europe between 2900 and 1800 BC. Since its origin is still widely discussed, we have been focusing our analysis on the transition from the Final Neolithic pre-Bell Beaker to the Bell Beaker. We thus seek to evaluate the importance of Neolithic influence in the establishment of the Bell Beaker by studying the common ware pottery and its chronology. Among the 26 main types of common ware defined by Marie Besse (2003), we selected the most relevant ones in order to determine—on the basis of their absolute dating–their appearance either in the Bell Beaker period or in the pre-Bell Beaker groups.

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Pinhasi, Ron. "Neolithic skull shapes and demic diffusion: a bioarchaeological investigation into the nature of the Neolithic transition." Documenta Praehistorica 33 (December 31, 2006): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.33.8.

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There is a growing body of evidence that the spread of farming in Europe was not a single uniform process, but that it involved a complex set of processes such as demic diffusion, folk migration, frontier mobility, and leapfrog colonisation. Archaeogenetic studies, which examine contemporary geographical variations in the frequencies of various genetic markers have not succeeded in addressing the complex Neolithisation process at the required level of spatial and temporal resolution. Moreover, these studies are based on modern populations, and their interpretive genetic maps are often affected by post-Neolithic dispersals, migrations, and population movements in Eurasia. Craniometric studies may provide a solid link between the archaeological analysis of past events and their complex relationship to changes and fluctuations in corresponding morphological and thus biological variations. This paper focuses on the study of craniometric variations between and within Pre-Pottery Neolithic, Pottery Neolithic, and Early Neolithic specimens from the Near East, Anatolia and Europe. It addresses the meaning of the observed multivariate morphometric variations in the context of the spread of farming in Europe.

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Finlayson, Bill, and Cheryl A. Makarewicz. "Beyond the Jordan." Documenta Praehistorica 47 (December 1, 2020): 54–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.4.

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Recent excavations in Jordan have demonstrated a long sequence of development from the late Pleistocene Epipalaeolithic through the early Holocene Pre-Pottery Neolithic. Superficially, the growing body of social and subsistence evidence suggests Neolithic communities emerged from traditions rooted in the early Epipalaeolithic. However, while developments such as the construction of shelters, population aggregation, and subsistence intensification may be essential for the emergence of a Southwest Asian Neolithic, they are typical of contemporary hunter-gatherer societies and not inherently Neolithic. Notably, the Neolithic in Southwest Asia was not a homogenous entity, but instead supported diverse expressions of subsistence, symbolic behaviours, and cultural trajectories across the region. To understand the emergence and development of the Neolithic, we need to examine this richly diverse history and its many constituent pathways.

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Shepherd, Alexandra, Audrey S. Henshall, Faye Powell, Sheila Rapson, and Caroline Wickham-Jones. "A Neolithic ring-mound at Midtown of Pitglassie, Auchterless, Aberdeenshire." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 126 (November 30, 1997): 17–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.126.17.51.

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In Autumn 1978, excavation took place on a small round mound at Midtown of Pitglassie where digging in the 1950s had produced Neolithic and Bronze Age pottery and lithics. The excavation was organized by the Ancient Monuments Inspectorate of the Department of the Environment, now Historic Scotland, with whose assistance this report is published. The excavation revealed an original annular mound, composed of circular banks of stone, earth and turf. The central area was filled with stone rubble, mostly disturbed and redeposited in the 1950s, but with one remnant of a possible central cairn. Pre-mound activity included turf-stripping and cremation, followed by the formal deposition in a number of pits of cremated bone (from, probably, one individual), accompanied by pottery and lithics, including a Neolithic leaf-shaped arrowhead. In addition to these specific deposits, pottery of Grimston Lyles Hill tradition, numerous quartz and further flint pieces were found within the mound and fragments of Beaker were recovered from the disturbed central area. Remnants of a possible circle of stone settings were found around the perimeter of the monument. Radiocarbon dates for charcoal from a cremation pit and the pre-mound surface provided dates of between 3964 and 3342 cal BC.

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Vasilyeva, I. N., N. S. Doga, and F. F. Gilyazov. "NEW DATA ON THE NEOLITHIC POTTERY OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 5, no. 1 (2023): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2023-5-1-137-150.

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The article presents data on newly discovered ceramic complexes obtained during archaeological research of the Neolithic sites of the Lower Volga region (Taskuduk, Priozernaya, Algay) in 2021-2022. The results of statistical, morphological and technical-technological analysis of ceramics made it possible to compare the ancient pottery production in different landscape zones of the Lower Volga region: the semi-desert Northern Caspian region and the steppe Lower Volga region. New radiocarbon data obtained at the Isotope Research Laboratoryof the Russian State Pedagogical University in the name of A.I. Herzen (St. Petersburg), and drawing analogies with other well-known sites in the region (Tenteksor, Zhe-Kalgan I, Varfolomeevskaya site) allow us to consider the newly discovered complexes as simultaneous and attribute them to the Late Neolithic.Morphological analysis of pottery complexes belonging to different cultures made it possible to reveal both common features (shape of vessels, flatness, decoration of vessels with pricking and indentation, presence of thickening on the inside of the rims) and differences (shape of pricks, ornamental compositions and motifs). The Neolithic materials of the Lower Volga region can be united within the framework of the Lower Volga cultural-historical community (LVCC) with division into regional cultures: Orlovskaya, Dzhangar, Kairshak-Tenteksor (Seroglazovskaya), which have signs of a common origin, common patterns of development and cultural interaction during all the Neolithic. The researchers revealed the existence of an early Neolithic center of the origin of pottery in the Lower Volga region, traced its evolutionary development and regional characteristics, reconstruct the archaic (pre-pottery) ideas of the ancient population about silts as a raw material for the production of dishes. In contrast to the Northern Caspian, where archaic traditions of silt selection were preserved even at the late stage of the Neolithic, in the steppe Volga region the new types of raw materials, such as silty clays and clays, appeared simultaneously with the traditional types and then became widespread. Identification of the causes of this phenomenon (climate changes or the emergence of new groups of the Neolithic population) requires further research.

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Le Mort, Françoise, and Henri Duday. "Probable Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) in Pre-Pottery Neolithic Cyprus." Paléorient, no. 47-1 (October 4, 2021): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/paleorient.937.

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Kornienko, T. V. "ON HUMAN SACRIFICES IN NORTHERN MESOPOTAMIA IN THE PRE-POTTERY NEOLITHIC." Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia (Russian-language). 43, no. 3 (2015): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0102.2015.43.3.042-049.

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Kuzmin, Yaroslav V., and Lyubov A. Orlova. "The Neolithization of Siberia and the Russian Far East: radiocarbon evidence." Antiquity 74, no. 284 (June 2000): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00059433.

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Results of recent excavations and radiocarbon dating show that several places in Siberia and the Russian Far East, such as the Lower Amur River basin and the Transbaikal, represent independent centres of pottery invention, and all pre-date 10,000 BP. These two areas should be considered among the earliest centres of pottery origins in East Asia and the Old World. The rest of Siberia is characterized by significantly later appearance of Neolithic cultures, between c. 8000 BP and c. 4600–2600 BP.

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Zielhofer, Christoph, Lee Clare, Gary Rollefson, Stephan Wächter, Dirk Hoffmeister, Georg Bareth, Christopher Roettig, et al. "The decline of the early Neolithic population center of 'Ain Ghazal and corresponding earth-surface processes, Jordan Rift Valley." Quaternary Research 78, no. 3 (September 29, 2012): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.08.006.

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Abstract'Ain Ghazal is among the earliest large population centers known in the Middle East. A total of four major stratigraphic cultural units have been identified: 1) The oldest Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (MPPNB) unit (10.2 to 9.5 cal ka BP) clearly corresponds with the early Holocene maximum Dead Sea levels. 2) The second unit consists of Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (LPPNB) in situ walls and hearths. 3) In the subsequent PPNC (8.9 to 8.6 cal ka BP) the population density at the settlement drops dramatically, which corresponds with a significant drop in the Dead Sea level. 4) The 4th stratigraphic unit is characterized by the “Yarmoukian rubble layer”. Additionally, there is evidence for a previously unrecognized use of the site by Chalcolithic pastoralists. Sedimentological analyses reveal a constant increase in dust from a remote source during the entire human occupation period, which correlates well with the detectable drops in climatic humidity from the Dead Sea. As the major focus of this study, we can now rule out previous notions that the “Yarmoukian” rubble layer could have been produced by (catastrophic) slope-scale gravitational movements. To this point, it appears that the Neolithic mega-site was abandoned due to a climatic aridification.

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Budja, Mihael. "The transition to farming and the ceramic trajectories in Western Eurasia. From ceramic figurines to vessels." Documenta Praehistorica 33 (December 31, 2006): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.33.17.

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In Eurasia the invention of ceramic technology and production of fired-clay vessels has not necessarily been related to the dynamics of the transition to farming. The invention of ceramic technology in Europe was associated with female and animal figurine making in Gravettian technocomplex. The fired-clay vessels occurred first in hunter-gatherer contexts in Eastern Eurasia a millennia before the agriculture. The adoption of pottery making in Levant seems to correlate with the collapse of the ‘ritual economy’, social decentralisation and community fragmentation in the Levantine Pre-Pottery Neolithic. In South-eastern Europe the adoption of pottery making was closely associated with social, symbolic and ritual hunter-gatherers’ practices.

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Karul, Necmi. "The Beginning of the Neolithic in Southeast Anatolia." Documenta Praehistorica 47 (December 1, 2020): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.5.

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New research in southeastern Anatolia at Early Neolithic sites has brought a fresh perspective on the emergence of the Neolithic way of life in southwest Asia. In addition to providing more details on the transition to settled life, food production, and technological innovations, this more recent work has increased our understanding of both the time span and geography of the last hunter-gatherers and the earliest farmers in the wider region. Now the picture of the beginning of the Neolithic is more complex and fragmented. This complexity necessitates a multifaceted approach to the questions of the emergence of the Neolithic. In this regard, the data coming from Pre-Pottery Neolithic A sites in southeastern Anatolia, particularly in the Upper Tigris Basin, is remarkable. In this paper the transitional stage to the Neolithic in the region and new data from Gusir Höyük is discussed according to the architectural data.

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Miera, Jan Johannes, Karsten Schmidt, Hans von Suchodoletz, Mathias Ulrich, Lukas Werther, Christoph Zielhofer, Peter Ettel, and Ulrich Veit. "Large-scale investigations of Neolithic settlement dynamics in Central Germany based on machine learning analysis: A case study from the Weiße Elster river catchment." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 20, 2022): e0265835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265835.

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The paper investigates potentials and challenges during the interpretation of prehistoric settlement dynamics based on large archaeological datasets. Exemplarily, this is carried out using a database of 1365 Neolithic sites in the Weiße Elster river catchment in Central Germany located between the southernmost part of the Northern German Plain and the Central Uplands. The recorded sites are systematically pre-processed with regard to their chronology, functional interpretation and spatial delineation. The quality of the dataset is reviewed by analyzing site distributions with respect to field surveys and modern land use. The Random Forests machine learning algorithm is used to examine the impact of terrain covariates on the depth of sites and pottery preservation. Neolithic settlement dynamics are studied using Site Exploitation Territories, and site frequencies per century are used to compare the intensity of land use with adjacent landscapes. The results show that the main trends of the Neolithic settlement dynamics can be derived from the dataset. However, Random Forests analyses indicate poor pottery preservation in the Central Uplands and a superimposition of Neolithic sites in the southernmost part of the Northern German Plain. Throughout the Neolithic the margins between soils on loess and the Weiße Elster floodplain were continuously settled, whereas only Early and Late Neolithic land use also extended into the Central Uplands. These settlement patterns are reflected in the results of the Site Exploitation Territories analyses and explained with environmental economic factors. Similar with adjacent landscapes the Middle Neolithic site frequency is lower compared to earlier and later periods.

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Dietrich, Oliver, and Julia Wagner. "Early Neolithic imagery in flux." Documenta Praehistorica 50 (July 25, 2023): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.50.11.

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Stone is often regarded as the ideal medium for the long-term preservation of knowledge, as it is resistant to change. Early to middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic Göbekli Tepe in southeastern Turkey has repeatedly been treated as a prime example for such external memorial storage in durable stone. The present paper challenges this view. A close examination of pillars and their reliefs in Building F reveals the fluid character of imagery with repeated and frequent phases of erasure and re-making. It is argued that it is not the durability of stone that made it suitable for the preservation of ‘cultural memory’, but the possibility to re-shape the image carriers continuously over a long period of time, which resulted in processes of transmission, learning and memorization.

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Özkaya, Vecihi, and Abu Bakar Sıddıq. "A heart-shaped bone artifact from Körtiktepe." Antropoloji, no. 48 (June 30, 2024): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33613/antropolojidergisi.1506823.

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Along with the emergence of sedentary life, the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) settlements brought revolutionary changes in production of material cultures as well as cultic and ritual activities, which are often argued to be associated with new waves of interactions between humans and their natural world. Körtiktepe of southeastern Turkey yielded by far the richest PPN assemblage in the world, standing among the very few earliest cultural and production centers which acted to be the predecessors of the development and spread of the Neolithic in West Asia. In this paper, we report a heart-shaped bone artifact which is one of the rarest finds in the extremely large cultural assemblage of Körtiktepe. The manufacture features indicate that the “heart-like” shape of this unique artifact was the product of intentional human activity. Overall archaeological context indicates its probable use as a bone pendant or amulet for the dead; providing the fact of its association with three early PPNA burials, many other ritual objects, and a large number of grave goods. Although difficult to argue for its association with the sense for “emotion”, “affection” or “love” in the present world, it is still significant that the unique specimen traces the symbolic presence and ritual use of the shape of a “heart” in West Asian prehistoric context back to the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic of around 10000 cal BC.

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Güler, Gül, Bahattin Çelik, and Mustafa Güler. "New Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites and cult centres in the Urfa Region." Documenta Praehistorica 40 (2013): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23.

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Kuijt, Ian. "Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Late Natufian at 'Iraq ed-Dubb, Jordan." Journal of Field Archaeology 29, no. 3-4 (January 2004): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jfa.2004.29.3-4.291.

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Gopher, Avi. "Mujahiya, an Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B Site in the Golan Heights." Tel Aviv 17, no. 2 (September 2, 1990): 115–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tav.1990.1990.2.115.

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Yizraeli Noy, Tamar. "Gilgal I : A Pre-Pottery Neolithic site, Israel. The 1985-1987 seasons." Paléorient 15, no. 1 (1989): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1989.4480.

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Kuijt, Ian. "Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Late Natufian at 'Iraq ed-Dubb, Jordan." Journal of Field Archaeology 29, no. 3/4 (2002): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3250894.

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Fletcher, Alexandra, Jessica Pearson, and Janet Ambers. "The Manipulation of Social and Physical Identity in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 18, no. 3 (October 2008): 309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774308000383.

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Mortuary practices of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Near East have been identified with skull cult and ancestor worship, as a means of creating and eliminating social boundaries. Artificial cranial modification is recognized as related to these practices, but its incidence is under-recognized and the precise nature of its significance is rarely discussed. In this study a skull, not previously reported as artificially modified, was reassessed by radiography to provide further insight on this subject. The cranial modification identified must have occurred in childhood but did not dramatically alter the cranium. We therefore argue that the post-mortem treatment of artificially modified skulls should be viewed in the context of ritual practices that were of significance during life, not just after death.

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Loudon, Nysa N., Michèle Wollstonecroft, and Dorian Q. Fuller. "Plants to textiles: Local bast fiber textiles at Pre-Pottery Neolithic Çatalhöyük." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 49 (June 2023): 103940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.103940.

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Vardi, Jacob, Hannah Parow-Souchon, Yossi Nagar, Ian Cipin, Danny Rosenberg, Lidar Sapir-Hen, Shirad Galmor, et al. "The Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B Site of Aḥihud (Western Galilee, Israel)." Paléorient, no. 49-2 (March 25, 2024): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/paleorient.3318.

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KADOWAKI, Seiji. "A Household Perspective towards the Pre-Pottery Neolithic to Late Neolithic Cultural Transformation in the Southern Levant." Orient 47 (2012): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5356/orient.47.3.

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Verhoeven, Marc. "Ritual and Ideology in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B of the Levant and Southeast Anatolia." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 12, no. 2 (October 2002): 233–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774302000124.

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The study of ritual is an important and indeed essential part of prehistoric archaeology, and is reported at several early Neolithic sites in the Levant and Anatolia. In this study, the evidence for ritual at five Pre-Pottery Neolithic B sites (‘Ain Ghazal, Kfar HaHoresh, Nevali Çori, Çayönü and Göbekli Tepe) is compared. This comparison serves as the basis for an interpretation which focuses on the ideology of PPNB ritual rather than on its social function. It is argued that there are four basic structuring principles in PPNB ritual and ideology: communality, dominant symbolism, vitality (including the notions of domestication, fecundity and life-force), and human–animal linkage. These concepts are related in an attempt to delineate the PPNB ritual system and the place of these specific sites therein.

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Jones, Elizabeth, Alison Sheridan, and Julie Franklin. "Neolithic and Bronze Age occupation at Meadowend Farm, Clackmannanshire." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports, no. 77 (2018): 1–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2018.77.1-81.

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The excavations at Meadowend Farm, Clackmannanshire (NGR: NS 9280 9040) produced evidence for occupation at various times between the Early Neolithic and the Middle to Late Bronze Age. Significantly, it yielded the largest and best-dated assemblage of Middle Neolithic Impressed Ware yet encountered in Scotland, comprising at least 206 vessels. Episodes of Early to (pre-Impressed Ware) Middle Neolithic activity were represented by pits and post holes scattered across the excavated areas, some containing pottery of the Carinated Bowl tradition and some with charred plant remains; three blades of pitchstone and one of non-local flint were also found. The phase of activity associated with the Middle Neolithic Impressed Ware pottery (c 3350‒3000 cal BC) is represented mostly by clusters of pits, some containing hearth waste and/or charcoal, charred cereal grain and burnt hazelnut shell fragments. A stone axehead and a broken roughout for an axe- or adze-head were associated with this phase of occupation. There then appears to have been a hiatus of activity of around a millennium before occupation resumed. One Early Bronze Age structure and pits dating to around 2000cal BC (plus undated pits containing possible Beaker pottery) were succeeded by four Early to Middle Bronze Age roundhouses dating to c 1750‒1300 cal BC and a large pit containing parts of at least 37 pots, and subsequently by two large double-ring roundhouses, an oval building, and ancillary structures and features dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age, c 1300‒900 cal BC. There is also evidence suggesting low level activity during the Iron Age, plus two medieval corn-drying kilns. Environmental evidence indicates cereal growing from the earliest period, and local woodland management. This publication focuses on the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods and discusses the significance of this site for our understanding of these periods, and particularly for the Middle Neolithic, in Scotland.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pre-Pottery Neolithic'

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