Academic literature on the topic 'Pre-release Program'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pre-release Program"
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Koetting, Mark G., Joanna Grabarek, Vincent B. Van Hasselt, and Robert R. Hazelwood. "Criminally Committed Inpatients in a Residential Forensic Pre-Release Treatment Program." Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 37, no. 2 (September 18, 2003): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j076v37n02_06.
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Mielitz, Katherine (Kate) S., Maurice MacDonald, and Meghaan Lurtz. "Financial Literacy Education in a Work Release Program for an Incarcerated Sample." Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning 29, no. 2 (November 2018): 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1052-3073.29.2.316.
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We obtained 180 pre- and post-test surveys to investigate how an established financial literacy program may have increased financial knowledge of residents in a work release program in Augusta, Georgia. Paired t tests analyzed changes in subjective and objective financial knowledge, understanding of banking and credit, and financial attitudes. OLS regressions of pre- and post-test financial knowledge were guided by human capital theory to learn which program participant characteristics were associated with greater increase in knowledge and infer why. Education, age, and use of financial tools were significant predictors in the pretest. Controlling for pretest knowledge, there were significant, positive differences from pre- to post-test, regardless of race. Implications for further research and specific suggestions for financial education content for the incarcerated are provided.
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Pajumpa, Wanna, Manop Kanato, and Kittima Momen. "A Prospective Study of Effectiveness of Pre-Release Intensive Program for Prisoners in Thailand." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/v11/i1/2020/ijphrd/194079.
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Hechanova, Ma Regina M., Jennel C. Reyes, Avegale C. Acosta, and Antover P. Tuliao. "Psychosocial treatment for incarcerated methamphetamine users: the Philippines experience." International Journal of Prisoner Health 16, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-09-2019-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate a psychosocial treatment program for prisoners incarcerated because of methamphetamine use. It compared the outcomes of prisoners who received the program while incarcerated, those who were released and received the treatment as part of community-based drug recovery program and a waitlist-control group (WC) with no treatment. Design/methodology/approach A quasi-experimental design was use with pre- and post-test surveys administered to three groups: a WC group, a pre-release treatment-while-incarcerated (TWI) group, and a post-release outpatient treatment group (OP). Surveys measured recovery skills, life skills and substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms were administered before and after the intervention. Findings Results revealed that at baseline OP and TWI had significant higher recovery skills compared to WC group. However, in terms of life skills, there was no significant difference observed among the WC, OP and TWI group at baseline. TWI had a significantly lower number of SUD symptoms compared to the WC group at baseline. As hypothesized, findings revealed significant changes in recovery and life skills among the OP and TWI group compared to the WC group. No significant change in SUD scores were observed for all groups. Research limitations/implications A major limitation of the study was the use of a quasi-experimental design because legal issues did not allow a randomized control trial. Future research using randomized controlled trial designs would provide more robust conclusions on the impact of the intervention. The study design was also limited to pre- and post-evaluation. Further studies are encouraged to look at longitudinal outcomes of appears on SUD symptoms and possibility of relapse. Practical implications Given that there were no significant differences in outcomes between OP and TWI groups, results suggest that the program may serve either as a pre- or post-release program for incarcerated drug users. However, results also suggest that completion is higher when the program is used as a pre-release program. Delivering the program prior to release also reduces challenges related to attrition including conflict in schedules and the lack of resources for transportation. Social implications The study suggests the value of psychosocial treatment as opposed to punitive approaches in dealing with drug use. In particular, delivering interventions prior to release can prepare participants for problems they may encounter during reintegration and prevent recidivism. In a country where drug-related killings are on the rise, the study presents an alternate and restorative justice approach. Originality/value The study addresses a dearth in the literature on psychosocial intervention for methamphetamine users. It also fills a vacuum in studies from developing countries such as the Philippines.
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Thompson, Scott A., James M. Loveland, and Iana A. Castro. "From rumor to release." European Journal of Marketing 53, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 345–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-11-2015-0776.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of product release on word of mouth (WOM) behavior within and across rival online brand communities for technology products and evaluate competing predictions made by social identity theory and the group problem solving perspective of rumors. Design/methodology/approach In Study 1, 72,749 messages posted by 5,777 users over a 13-month period on two rival online brand forums were content analyzed using linguistic inquiry and word count, a linguistic content analysis program. In Study 2, two experiments were conducted to verify the theoretical explanation offered. Findings Marked differences were found as WOM transitioned from pre-release rumor to post-release facts. Prior to release, brand loyalists show an increased willingness to spread positive WOM about rival brands’ products. However, this willingness dissipated upon product release. This is in noted contrast to predictions made for experience goods. Research limitations/implications This study examines the uncertainty generated by a rival brand’s upcoming new product within a brand community. While centered on a technologically oriented consumer group, this study addresses a longstanding theoretical conundrum and provides interesting areas for future research. Practical implications Surprisingly, it is the most active and ostensibly loyal brand supporters who spread pre-release rumors about rival brands. Managers should not assume that “loyalists” will not seriously discuss the potential offerings of rival brands. Product rumors thus present rival marketers with a unique “move it or lose it” opportunity to spread positive buzz among rival brand loyalists. However, this window of opportunity closes rapidly upon product release. Originality/value This is the first paper to examine the nature of new product rumors at this scale, including both pre- and post-release WOM.
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Legaz-Arrese, Alejandro, Isaac López-Laval, Keith George, Juan José Puente-Lanzarote, Carmen Mayolas-Pi, Enrique Serrano-Ostáriz, Pablo Revilla-Martí, Diego Moliner-Urdiales, and Joaquín Reverter-Masià. "Impact of an endurance training program on exercise-induced cardiac biomarker release." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 308, no. 8 (April 15, 2015): H913—H920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00914.2014.
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We evaluated the influence of a 14-wk endurance running program on the exercise-induced release of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and NH2-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Fifty-eight untrained participants were randomized to supervised endurance exercise (14 wk, 3–4 days/wk, 120–240 min/wk, 65–85% of maximum heart rate) or a control group. At baseline and after the training program, hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP were assessed before and 5 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after a 60-min maximal running test. Before training, hs-cTnT was significantly elevated in both groups with acute exercise ( P < 0.0001) with no between-group differences. There was considerable heterogeneity in peak hs-cTnT concentration with the upper reference limit exceeded in 71% of the exercise tests. After training, both baseline and postexercise hs-cTnT were significantly higher compared with pretraining and the response of the control group ( P = 0.008). Acute exercise led to a small but significant increase in NT-proBNP, but this was not mediated by training ( P = 0.121). In summary, a controlled endurance training intervention resulted in higher pre- and postexercise values of hs-cTnT with no changes in NT-proBNP.
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Paluck, Elan, Dorothy Banka, Michelle C. E. McCarron, and Mamata Pandey. "Effectiveness of the Dedicated Substance Abuse Treatment Unit in the Regina Correctional Centre: A seven-year retrospective analysis." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 2, no. 3 (December 22, 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.53.
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The Dedicated Substance Abuse Treatment Unit (DSATU) is a specialized unit at the Regina Correctional Centre (RCC) that began providing comprehensive in patient addiction treatment to male sentenced offenders in 2008. The purpose of this paper is to report on the seven-year retrospective evaluation of the effectiveness of the DSATU. The study consisted of a retrospective analysis of the case files of DSATU participants (2008-09 to 2014-15 fiscal years; n=755) and a retrospective, case-control analysis of DSATU program data and Corrections’ Case Management Information System (CMIS) data from the Ministry of Justice. DSATU data spanned from 2008-2014, while CMIS data spanned from 2007-2015 (comparator group n = 535). The effectiveness of the DSATU was measured through Program Fidelity and Treatment Effectiveness, Changes in Institutional Misconduct upon completion of the program, and Changes in Contact with Correctional Services after leaving the correctional facility. Pre- and post-treatment measures of Treatment Effectiveness completed as part of the DSATU program were analyzed. Participants demonstrated statistically significant improvements in their knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and skills in dealing with substance abuse issues. In the period of time between completing the DSATU program and their release from the RCC, DSATU participants had: a significantly lower rate of Institutional Misconduct (disciplinary offenses) relative to the control group (25.3 vs. 45.8%); a significantly lower rate of re-contact with Correctional Services (recidivism) six months (17.3 vs. 26.4% for the control group) and 12 months (28.3 vs. 40.0%) post-release; and DSATU participants who came into contact with corrections post-release took longer to do so than those in the control group (251.0 days compared to 158.0 days). This study demonstrated that the DSATU program has been highly effective at reducing recidivism.
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Satria, Johan, Ratih Arruum Listiyandini, Rina Rahmatika, and Melok Roro Kinanthi. "PELATIHAN KEBERSYUKURAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EMOSI POSITIF." Jurnal ABDI 4, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ja.v4n2.p59-65.
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Training of gratitude is expected to grow these factors. Being grateful can lead to positive emotions that may create acceptance the conditions of self and positive social relationships. This training program was conducted for a full day, including induction and release of negative emotions, lesson about gratitude, mutual influence, contemplation, and pouring a sense of gratitude in writing. Training is given to 37 students of class X at SMKN 31 Jakarta. Pre and post test was conducted before and after training, using VAS (Visual Analog Scale) and PANAS (Positive affect-negative affect schedule). The effect of the training was analyzed by counting the change of mean from pre to post test score for each scale. The result showed that there are an increased of positive emotion score means after the training, from 6.92 to 7.41 for VAS and from 3.53 to 3.81 for PANAS score. Then it may concluded that the gratitude training program improve the positive emotion of the students.
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Divko, Louise Goldie. "2015 Onshore Petroleum Acreage Release." APPEA Journal 55, no. 1 (2015): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14009.
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Australian state and territory acreage opportunities and recent activities are summarised in this paper. Exploration opportunities continue to exist for petroleum explorers in onshore basins, including a number of sedimentary basins that have previously largely been overlooked, with an increased focus (and commercial success) on basin centred gas, tight gas and shale gas plays. Access to onshore acreage in Australia for petroleum exploration is, in most jurisdictions, by means of a formal release process with a work program bidding system. Over-the-counter applications are available in some states based on perceived basin prospectivity. Australian state and territory governments continue initiatives to encourage exploration to realise their natural resource endowments. This includes pre-competitive basin studies, cost-effective and speedy provision of digital exploration data, transparent regulatory regimes, provision of effective land access regimes, internationally competitive royalty regimes, and promotion of acreage releases nationally and internationally.
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Stritzinger, M. D., J. P. Anderson, C. Contreras, E. Heinrich-Josties, N. Morrell, M. M. Phillips, J. Anais, et al. "The Carnegie Supernova Project I." Astronomy & Astrophysics 609 (January 2018): A134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201730842.
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The first phase of the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP-I) was a dedicated supernova follow-up program based at the Las Campanas Observatory that collected science data of young, low-redshift supernovae between 2004 and 2009. Presented in this paper is the CSP-I photometric data release of low-redshift stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae. The data consist of optical (uBgVri) photometry of 34 objects, with a subset of 26 having near-infrared (YJH) photometry. Twenty objects have optical pre-maximum coverage with a subset of 12 beginning at least five days prior to the epoch of B-band maximum brightness. In the near-infrared, 17 objects have pre-maximum observations with a subset of 14 beginning at least five days prior to the epoch of J-band maximum brightness. Analysis of this photometric data release is presented in companion papers focusing on techniques to estimate host-galaxy extinction and the light-curve and progenitor star properties of the sample. The analysis of an accompanying visual-wavelength spectroscopy sample of ~150 spectra will be the subject of a future paper.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pre-release Program"
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Willeford, Claire A. "Effectiveness of a Pre-Release Planning Program for HIV-Positive Offenders Exiting Georgia Prisons: A Qualitative Evaluation Approach." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/152.
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Background: Two-year nationwide prison recidivism rates stand at over 60%, and minorities and the poor are at greatest risk both of first-time incarceration and of offending repeatedly over time. Initiatives that may address prison inmates’ lack of resources and increase their success in their communities after release are now an important topic in the study of criminal justice policy. Over the course of the past two decades, the public health concern of HIV/AIDS has increasingly become a part of this discourse on re-entry, as the disease disproportionately affects minority communities both in and outside of prisons. Affected reentrants face not only the challenges associated with employment, education, housing, and other social infrastructure that impede their long-term re-entry into mainstream society, but must also navigate issues surrounding continuity of medical care and behavioral risk reduction. In 2009, Georgia State University received funding to conduct an evaluation of Georgia’s Pre-Release Planning Program (PRPP) for HIV-positive inmates, and conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 former inmates who had received services from PRPP. This thesis work attempts to assess the content of the interviews and the potential impact of such an evaluation on corrections policy, especially in light of other similar programs that have been funded nationwide.
Methods: A literature review was conducted to provide information on state and Federal pre-release programs for HIV+ prisoners that have been funded since the 1990s. A qualitative analysis of the GSU interview transcripts, consisting of coding for major themes, was completed. The goal of the analysis was to determine what program components had been most beneficial to participants, and also what needs had gone unfulfilled.
Results: Most participants (23/25) in receipt of pre-release planning services in Georgia felt that they had benefitted from the program. A majority (19/25) attended the appointments set up for them by the program coordinator. Respondents were generally satisfied with their medical care, though cases existed where respondents had been unable to access a stable provider or medication supply as planned. The greatest aid to participants from PRPP was in the area of medical care. Limitations were perceived in the areas of employment after release and the Department of Labor program to which PRPP referred participants, as well as housing to a lesser degree. Study participants acknowledged and appreciated the program coordinator’s hard work with the resources that she had, and recommended transitional housing and work programs as ideal resources to improve their situations. Almost all (22/23) expressed interest in a community mentoring program to aid their progress post-release.
Conclusions: Literature showed a variety of education and prevention program models targeting HIV in prisons since the 1990s. The best program outcomes were associated with the longest period of intervention and the most intensive case management (Rhode Island), but further evaluation is needed, and funding for such programs is a real and consistent concern. When combined with the literature on previous and existing programs nationwide, the voices of these participants provide a good idea of what may be next for a successful pre-release program in Georgia. 1) Planning services should begin sooner before release—possibly at the time of admission to prison—and should provide a longer period of follow-up, in order to capitalize on the time available for intervention with this vulnerable population and to more effectively prevent recidivism. The addition of support staff for the Georgia PRPP may allow this to occur. 2) Provision or expansion of the community mentoring program proposed in Spaulding’s 2009 study and supported by participants in these interviews, providing for matching of mentors with mentees by family and ethnic background, may be an important way to improve health outcomes among this population while facing a dearth of funding. 3) Securing and advocating for additional funding for vocational, counseling, and medical support services available to the general prison population is crucial, in order to support opportunities for skills advancement and true corrections in life path among a historically deprived incarcerated population. A cost-effectiveness analysis by state officials is recommended in order to measure the true economic value of such programs—especially in contrast to the public burden of unchecked recidivism. 4) A change in the Georgia laws that severely restrict the civil rights of ex-felons—including the right to vote, to be considered for many job opportunities, to be admitted to certain professional schools, and to receive state or federal financial aid for secondary education—is essential if former inmates are to be realistically expected to succeed outside of prison.
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McCullough, Alison N. "An Evaluation of the Pre-Release Planning Program of the Georgia Department of Corrections and a Qualitative Assessment of Reentry Experiences of Program Participants." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/189.
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Higher rates of HIV are seen within correctional systems across the United States. Georgia has one of the largest correctional populations in the country and HIV rates among prisoners are elevated when compared to the state as a whole. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the Pre-Release Planning Program of the Georgia Department of Corrections and to identify reentry needs unique to persons living with HIV. This evaluation was informed by the post-release experiences of participants who described their own reentry journeys through semi-structured qualitative interviews. A convenience sample of 45 program participants was recruited to complete a qualitative interview following their release in 2009-2010. All 45 persons recruited consented to be contacted for an interview. A research interviewer successfully located 25 members of the original sample and they all agreed to participate. In addition a structure and process evaluation of the program was conducted. Recommendations for improvement were developed from the program evaluation and qualitative analysis of participants’ reentry experiences. For former program participants three central needs were identified: housing, health and income. Stigma and risk behaviors negatively impacted stability of housing, health and income. Strengths of the program included linkage to a Ryan White Clinic, provision of prison medical records, referrals to general social service agencies and its acceptability. The structural and individual challenges faced by persons living with HIV leaving the prison system demand comprehensive integrated services to assure access to HIV care and avoid recidivism. Minimally, housing, health and income must be addressed.
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"Ending a Cycle: Effects of a Pre-release Program on Recidivism." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53804.
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abstract: Recidivism occurs when an individual is released from prison and then, through a violation of parole or a new offense, ends up back in prison. Durose and colleagues (2014) cite that 55.4% of individuals go back to prison after a five-year post release. Considerable attention has been focused on reducing the cycle of these individuals going back to prison. One of the attempts to remedy this issue is through offering pre-release programs for prison inmates. These programs seek to provide individuals skills that will reduce their likelihood of reoffending. But existing research shows that the effectiveness of these programs is limited. Moreover, few attempts have been made to look at differences between individual’s dosage of program participation. This thesis aims to determine if participation in a pre-release program reduces recidivism. Using data from the state’s Department of Corrections, there is a comparison of previously imprisoned individuals who participated in a pre-release employment program and those who declined participation, to understand if participation influences recidivism. Additionally, dosage of the center will be analyzed to determine whether length of program participation influenced recidivism. Participating in the program and a longer dose of the program should allow more time for the individual to learn the material and fully absorb what the program is offering such as skills and training. The results show that participation in the pre-release employment program did not significantly affect recidivism as individuals who went through the program were no less likely to be reincarcerated. In addition, a longer dosage of the program did not significantly influence recidivism among those who went through the program.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2019
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Padman, Jeanette. "Relationship issues and newly released male prisoners." 2001. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/25029.
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This research examines the factors that impact on a newly released male prisoner's ability to deal with relationship issues. Most prisoners, in South Australia, will be released to the community and of these very few will live in complete isolation from other human beings. Humans are dependent on other persons to full-fill a range of needs and this process is reciprocal. If skills are lost due to incarceration then both the prisoner and the community suffer. (Matthews 1999) Pre-release issues are important but the relationship issue permeates through all pre-release requirements. It can can impact on obtaining and retaining employment, maintaining personal relationships, getting social security, obtaining housing etc. This is a very important aspect of human existence but sometimes it is forgotten until it is a severe problem. (Weightman-Dobson 1995)thesis (MSocialWork)--University of South Australia, 2001.
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Willis, Gwenda M. "From prison into the community : the impact of release planning on sexual recidivism for child molesters : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Canterbury /." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2542.
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Dorer, Rae Allison. "Planning release an evaluation of the Allegheny County Jail Project /." 2005. http://etd1.library.duq.edu/theses/available/etd-03302005-125504/.
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Nkosi, Majozi Ephraim. "Halfway houses as a mechanism for the reintegration of offenders." Diss., 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15654.
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The Department of Correctional Services sees the need for intensive preparation of inmates for reintegration into the community after release. Presently the Department of Correctional Services conducts pre-release preparation programmes in larger institutions. The inmates are, however, detained in institutions where the influence from other inmates is not conducive to the effective preparation of inmates for adjustment in free society after release or placement on parole. The use of halfway houses can combat the latter problems and play an important role in providing educational and training programmes. Specialised services such as social work; religious work, counselling, psychological treatment and psychiatry receive attention. Inmates who are merely released from prison without effective preparation are likely to resort to recidivismPenology
M.A. (Penology)
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Bruyns, Hennie 1959. "The impact of prison reform on the inmate population of Swaziland." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1723.
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The purpose of this study was to contextualise the Swaziland correctional services environment and inmate population, analysing how best to respond to the needs of the organisation and providing strategies that can have an impact on crime and recidivism.
Offenders in Swaziland are incarcerated because alternatives to imprisonment or the resources necessary to make a visible impact on the inmate population are not provided. There is also very little scientific information available on the profiles of inmates to determine who really needs to be incarcerated, who could be incarcerated for a shorter time and who could be taken care of in the community.
In addition to the above, Swaziland correctional services finds itself in a predicament where it has to provide concrete evidence that it is effective and adding value to the social and economic reconstruction of the country. This implies the frequent assessment of the organisation's performance to ensure the continuous delivery of cost-effective, innovative and high quality correctional services.
In an attempt to understand the breadth of the problems faced by Swaziland correctional services, this thesis sets out to assess the environment in which Swaziland correctional services operates and to suggest mechanisms which can be used to rehabilitate and reduce the inmate population in order to add value and sustain the delivery of an effective correctional service.
This study would seem to be of value not only to correctional practitioners, but also to the police and judiciary in that they will have a better understanding of dilemmas faced by Swaziland correctional services. This will assist the police and judiciary to take more informed decisions with regard to effective law enforcement, detention of awaiting-trials and sentencing practices. With Swaziland and other African countries embarking on a new route in corrections, the academic world can also play a major role in enlightening reform in legislation, policies and practices.Penology
D.Litt. et Phil. (Penology)
Books on the topic "Pre-release Program"
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Great Britain. Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales. The preparation of prisoners for release. London: Home Office, 1986.
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Macdonald, Donald G. Follow-up study sample of pre-release program participants. Albany, N.Y: State of New York, Dept. of Correctional Services, Division of Program Planning, Research and Evaluation, 1986.
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Canestrini, Kathy. Profile of 1985 absconders from temporary release program. Albany, N.Y: State of New York, Dept. of Correctional Services, Division of Program Planning, Research and Evaluation, 1986.
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Montana. Legislature. Legislative Audit Division. Department of Corrections Intensive Supervision Program (ISP), Pre-release Centers Program (PRC): Performance audit. Helena, MT: Legislative Audit Division, State of Montana, 1998.
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Montana. Legislature. Legislative Audit Division. Department of Corrections Intensive supervision program and pre-release center program: Performance audit follow-up. Helena, MT: Legislative Audit Division, State of Montana, 2001.
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Audit, New York (State) Dept of Audit and Control Division of Management. Inadequate management of the temporary release program places the public at risk. [Albany, N.Y: The Division, 1992.
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Whitney, Sandy. Pre-release center expansion. Helena, Mt: Office of the Legislative Fiscal Analyst, 1991.
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Virginia. General Assembly. Joint Legislative Audit & Review Commission. Report of the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission on the community diversion incentive program of the Virginia Department of Corrections to the governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond (Suite 1100, General Assembly Bldg., Capitol Sq., Richmond 23219): Commonwealth of Virginia, 1985.
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Clark, John W. Pretrial services programming at the start of the 21st century: A survey of pretrial services programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Assistance, 2003.
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LeClair, Daniel P. The effect of community reintegration on rates of recidivism: A statistical overview of data for the years 1971 through 1987. [Boston]: Massachusetts Dept. of Correction, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pre-release Program"
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Pace, Amy E., Kate Krings, and Kunhui Zhang. "Maternal Pre- and Post-release Behaviors in a Residential Parenting Program (Prison Nursery)." In SpringerBriefs in Psychology, 49–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67599-8_4.
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Chegra, Sylvia, and Martina N. Cummins. "Sterilization and Decontamination." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0030.
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Decontamination is the combination of processes (including cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization) used to make a re-usable item safe for medical use. It is important to have an understanding of the meaning of each of these terms as well as their application. Cleaning: a process to remove infectious agents and organic matter. The effectiveness of reducing microbial contamination will vary dependent upon the efficacy of the cleaning process and the initial bio- burden. It is important to note that this process does not necessarily destroy infectious agents and is a pre-requisite to disinfection and/ or sterilization. Disinfection: a process to reduce the number of viable infectious agents and which is commonly achieved either chemically or thermally. For some infectious agents (such as certain viruses and bacterial spores) it is not an effective method for inactivation and will not achieve the same level of reduction as is achieved through terminal sterilization. Sterilization: a process which renders an object free from viable infectious agents, including viruses and bacterial spores. Sterilization is achieved most commonly using a prescribed ratio of time, temperature, and steam or chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide, gas plasma, or ethylene oxide. The effective decontamination of re- usable medical devices is essential in reducing the risk of transmission of infectious agents with the chosen method of decontamination being detailed in the manufacturer’s decontamination guidance or instructions for use (IFU), supplied when a medical device is purchased. The guidance will reflect the validation that was carried out prior to the release of the product by accredited laboratories to ensure that the cleaning guidance is both effective and will not adversely affect the device. The aim of the decontamination process is to: 1. Reduce or completely remove microbial contamination to such a level that it is both safe to handle for staff and safe for further use on patients. 2. Ensure that there is no toxic chemical residue on the surface of the device that could cause adverse reactions when used on a patient. 3. Ensure that the decontamination process is compatible with the device and that it does not damage the device through the use of chemicals that can have an adverse effect on the device or by exposing it to either heat or water, which may cause damage.
Conference papers on the topic "Pre-release Program"
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Smirnov, A., A. Lipatnikov, and J. Chomiak. "Modeling of Turbulent Swirling Flame Stabilization in LPP Combustors." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-493.
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Combustion flows with swirl are investigated in the context of a lean premixed pre-vaporized combustor. The turbulent flame speed closure model implemented into the Kiva program appears to be efficient in utilizing computing time and memory. It also predicts a larger flame spread than a distributed reactor model. The effect of different turbulence and combustion models on flow recirculation patterns and heat release is reported.
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Wadier, Yves, and M. Bonnamy. "The Energy Approach of Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics Applied to the Analysis of the Warm Pre-Stress Effect." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1994.
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An experimental program was recently carried out in the context of a MPA-EDF collaboration, in order to study the “Warm Pre-Stress” effect on CT25 side-grooved specimens made of 18MND5 (equivalent to A508) ferritic steel. At EDF, an energy approach has been developed and an energy release rate, called Gp, has been defined. Conversely to the J-approach, this energy approach is, in principle, valid in all situations, and can be used in particular to study the “Warm Pre-Stress” effect in RPV structural integrity assessment. For the WPS cycle called “LCF” (Loading + Cooling + Fracture), the comparison to the experimental results and to the results obtained with the Beremin model is very satisfactory, all the results being in a good agreement. For the WPS cycle called “LUCF” (Loading + Unloading + Cooling + Fracture) the results obtained with the energy method, compared to experimental results, show a conservatism which is not very important, anyway smaller than the conservatism obtained with the Beremin model.
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Chenevert, Blake C., Donald W. Kendrick, Ben Trueblood, Jon Tonouchi, Shawn P. Lawlor, and Robert C. Steele. "The Development of the Ramgen Engine Combustion System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30084.
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The research and development of a unique combustion engine is presented. The engine converts the thrust from ramjet modules located on the rim of a disk into shaft torque, which in turn can be used for electrical power generation or mechanical drive applications. A test program was undertaken that included evaluation of the pre-prototype engine and incorporation of improvements to the thrust modules and supporting systems. Fuel mixing studies with vortex generators and bluff body flame holders demonstrated the importance of increasing the shear-layer area and spreading angle to augment flame volume. Evaluation of flame-holding configurations (with variable fuel injection methods) concluded that the heat release zone, and therefore combustion efficiency, could be manipulated by judicious selection of bluff body geometry, and is less influenced by fuel injection distribution. Finally, successful operation of novel fuel and cooling air delivery systems have resolved issues of gas (fuel and air) delivery to the individual rotor segments. The lessons learned from the pre-prototype engine are currently being applied to the development of a 2.8MW engine.
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Humphries, Larry L., Tze Yao Chu, and John H. Bentz. "Test Design, Results, and Archived Database for the OECD Lower Head Failure Program Integral Experiments." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89159.
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In the event of a severe core meltdown accident, core material can relocate to the lower head of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) vessel resulting in significant thermal and pressure loads to the vessel. The potential for failure of the pressure vessel makes possible the release of core material to the containment. The objective of this experimental/analytical program is to characterize the mode, timing, and size of lower head failure (LHF) under severe accident conditions. The OECD Lower Head Failure (OLHF) project investigates lower head failure for conditions of low reactor coolant system (RCS) pressure (2–5 MPa) and prototypic through-wall temperature differential (ΔTW >200K). Low RCS pressure is motivated by the desire to use the data to develop models for assessing accident management strategies involving reactor pressure vessel (RPV) depressurization. Pressure transient is useful in assessing the effect of water injection as part of accident management strategy. Prototypic through-wall temperature differential, ΔTW, is of importance because of the need to provide data where stress redistribution in the vessel wall occurs (as a result of decreasing material strength with temperature). Test design and results for the four OLHF integral tests are reported and summarized in this paper. A short description of the test conduct and heating history is followed by a description of the vessel failure site, the vessel deformation, temperature profiles, stress state, and rupture dynamics for each test. Key observations and conclusions are summarized for each test. The ∼1/5 scale tests are extensively instrumented to provide temperature, pressure, and displacement data. The vessel surfaces are mapped both before and after the test to provide measurements of pre-test thickness, post-test thickness, and cumulative vessel deformation. Data has been assessed and qualified in data reports for each test. The data has been preserved in MSEXCEL™ spreadsheets with macro utilities to facilitate access and analysis of the data. As a result, there exists a well-archived, well-qualified database for model development and validation.
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McKeighan, Peter C., David Y. Jeong, and Joseph W. Cardinal. "Mechanical Properties of Tank Car Steels Retired From the Fleet." In 2009 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2009-63060.
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As a consequence of recent accidents involving the release of hazardous materials (hazmat), the structural integrity and crashworthiness of railroad tank cars have come under scrutiny. Particular attention has been given to the older portion of the fleet that was built prior to steel normalization requirements instituted in 1989. This paper describes a laboratory testing program to examine the mechanical properties of steel samples obtained from tank cars that were retired from the fleet. The test program consisted of two parts: (1) material characterization comprised of chemical, tensile and Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact energy and (2) high-rate fracture toughness testing. In total, steel samples from 34 tank cars were received and tested. These 34 tank cars yielded 61 different pre-1989 TC128-B conditions (40 shell and 21 head samples), three tank cars yielded seven different post-1989 TC128-B conditions (four shell and three head samples), and six tank cars yielded other material (A212, A515, and A285 steel) conditions (six shell and five head samples). The vast majority of the TC128-B samples extracted from retired tank cars met current TC128-B material specifications. Elemental composition requirements were satisfied in 97 percent of the population whereas the required tensile properties were satisfied in 82 percent of the population. Interpretation of the high-rate fracture toughness tests required dividing the pre-1989 fleet into quartiles that depended on year of manufacture or age, and testing three tank cars per quartile. Considering the high-rate fracture toughness results at 0°F for the pre-1989 fleet, 100 percent of the oldest two quartiles, 58 percent of the second youngest quartile, and 83 percent of the youngest quartile exhibited adequate or better fracture toughness (defined as toughness greater than 50 ksi√in). High-rate fracture toughness at –50°F was adequate for 83 percent of two quartiles (the youngest and second oldest), but the other two quartiles exhibited lower toughness with only 33 (2nd youngest) to 50 percent (oldest) exhibiting adequate properties.
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Rudland, David L. "Predicting Pipe Rupture Frequencies Using xLPR." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21080.
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Abstract Over the last several years, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), in cooperation with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), conducted a multi-year project that focused on the development of a viable method and approach to address the effects of primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in primary piping systems approved for leak-before-break (LBB). This project, called eXtremely Low Probability of Rupture (xLPR), defined the requirements necessary for a modular-based probabilistic fracture mechanics assessment tool to directly assess compliance with the regulations. Version 2.0 of this code has been completed and is currently awaiting public release. Since the focus of xLPR Version 2.0 is investigating the impacts of active piping degradation on the leak-before-break behavior of reactor coolant piping, questions have been raised to whether xLPR can be used to confirm pipe rupture frequencies developed in other efforts, such as NUREG-1829, “Estimating Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LOCA) Frequencies Through the Elicitation Process.” This paper discusses an initial study focused on whether xLPR can be used to estimate pipe rupture frequencies. A series of analyses were conducted, based on inputs developed by the xLPR program team, focused on the reactor pressure vessel outlet nozzle geometry of a typical pressurized water reactor. Additional analyses were conducted using the same radius-to-thickness ratio but decreasing the pipe diameter. Due to computer memory restrictions, it was difficult calculating low probability events when considering PWSCC initiation, typical residual stresses, leak detection and in-service inspection. Therefore, to bound the problem, an aggressive weld residual stress was assumed with multiple pre-existing defects. By modifying the size and number of these initial defects, results were generated that indicated the conditional probability of rupture was related to the percentage of the inner circumference cracked and the pipe diameter. Using the PWSCC initiation model from xLPR Version 2, the yearly rupture frequency with leak detection and in-service inspection was calculated. The results indicate that the rupture frequencies in NUREG-1829 appear conservative relative to the results from this study. Due to the limited scope of this study, the assumptions used in these analyses were limited or conservative; therefore, additional analyses are needed for a more robust comparison. However, the results suggest that conducting xLPR analyses with pre-existing defects may be useful in bounding LBB applicability with active degradation.
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Akter, Humayra. "Raspberry ketone as a promising pre-release supplement for Sterile Insect Technique programs of Queensland fruit fly,Bactrocera tryoni." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.108192.
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Jacobsen, Karina, and Michael Carolan. "Raking Impact of a Diesel Multiple Unit Fuel Tank: Tests and Anaylsis." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8088.
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Abstract The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) sponsors research on safety topics to address and to improve safety regulations and standards. This paper focuses on the latest research and testing conducted to evaluate passenger locomotive fuel tank integrity. Fuel tank integrity regulations, in the form of a series of static load conditions, currently exist to set a minimum level of protection against an impact to the fuel tank that might puncture the tank and cause the release of diesel fuel. The current research program involves a series of dynamic impact tests and quasi-static tests that measures the forces required to deform a fuel tank and investigate the types of loading conditions experienced by fuel tanks. The objective of the testing program is to establish the baseline puncture resistance of current locomotive fuel tanks under dynamic impact conditions and to develop performance requirements for an appropriate level of puncture resistance in alternative fuel tank designs, such as Diesel Multiple Unit (DMU) fuel tanks. The tests are divided into two loading scenarios identified from accidents: blunt impact and raking impact. The blunt impact scenario in the form of a full-scale dynamic impact test, have been completed on both conventional passenger locomotive fuel tanks and a DMU fuel tank. DMU fuel tank quasi-static tests, conducted in December 2018 and November 2019, are designed to simulate a raking impact scenario of a fuel tank. The Transportation Technology Center Inc. (TTCI), with support from the Volpe Center designed a test setup using a fuel tank mounted to a boxcar placed within the “squeeze frame”. An indenter, shaped like a broken rail, is fixed to the ground and the fuel tank is slowly pushed into the indenter using a series of hydraulic rams. Load cells and string potentiometers are used to measure the force/displacement. Cameras capture the deformation profile of the fuel tank. The Volpe Center develops and performs finite element analysis to evaluate the loading scenario prior to testing. The results of pre-test analyses for the raking impact tests are presented to highlight the critical position on the fuel tank to be impacted. The analysis gives an estimate of the force required to puncture the fuel tank as well as the resultant tear of the fuel tank. Additionally, finite element analysis may be used to evaluate the effect of the fuel on the fuel tank integrity. These results highlight the detailed differences of quasi-static versus dynamic loading of fuel tanks, which supports defining tradeoffs between specifying static load requirements versus scenario-defined performance based standards.
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Jacobsen, Karina, and Michael Carolan. "Raking Impact of a Diesel Multiple Unit Fuel Tank: Results of Test No. 2 and Analysis." In 2021 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2021-58421.
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Abstract The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) sponsors research on safety topics to address and to improve safety regulations and standards. This paper is part of a series of papers that describe the testing and analysis used to evaluate passenger locomotive fuel tank integrity. Fuel tank integrity federal regulations, as well as industry standards, currently exist in the form of a series of static load conditions. The static load conditions are a set of prescribed loads on all passenger fuel tanks, which set a minimum level of protection against impacts that might puncture the tank and cause the release of diesel fuel. If diesel fuel is ignited in an impact incident, collision or derailment, the crew and passengers may be at risk. In the current research program a series of dynamic impact tests and quasi-static tests were conducted that measure the forces required to deform a fuel tank and investigate the types of loading conditions experienced by fuel tanks. The objective of the testing program is to establish the baseline puncture resistance of current locomotive fuel tanks under dynamic impact conditions and to develop performance requirements for an appropriate level of puncture resistance in alternative fuel tank designs, such as Diesel Multiple Unit (DMU) fuel tanks. The tests were divided into two loading scenarios identified from accidents: blunt impact and raking impact. In the most recent phase of testing, DMU fuel tanks were tested in a test setup that quasi-statically loaded the side and bottom of the fuel tanks. Conducted in December 2018 and November 2019, these tests were designed to simulate a raking impact scenario of a fuel tank. The Transportation Technology Center Inc. (TTCI), with support from the Volpe Center designed a test setup using a fuel tank mounted to a boxcar placed within the “squeeze frame”. An indenter, shaped like a broken rail, is fixed to the ground and the fuel tank is slowly pushed into the indenter using a series of hydraulic rams. Load cells and string potentiometers are used to measure the force/displacement. Cameras capture the deformation profile of the fuel tank. The Volpe Center develops and performs finite element analysis to evaluate the loading scenario prior to testing. In this paper, the results of the second raking test are described. A companion paper, previously published, presented the results of the first raking test. During the second raking test, the indenter was aligned beneath the bottom surface of fuel tank. The fuel tank, mounted to a boxcar, was pushed toward the indenter. Due to the downward sloping surface of the fuel tank, the indenter, maintained at a constant vertical height, began to contact the fuel tank bottom surface and push into the surface as it was advanced a total of 42 inches. The results of pre-test analyses for the second raking impact test are presented to highlight the critical position on the impacted fuel tank. The analysis gives an estimate of the force required to puncture the fuel tank as well as the resultant tear of the fuel tank. These results highlight the detailed differences of quasi-static versus dynamic loading of fuel tanks, which supports defining trade-offs between specifying static load requirements versus scenario-defined performance based standards. The development of and results from the finite element model show the uses and limitations of the finite element models in understanding material failure. The results may be used by industry to better understand how design choices can influence fuel tank integrity against impacts and also guide standard development of less prescriptive load requirements that still uphold equivalent safety requirements as the existing standards.
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Vines, Sarah, and David Lever. "An Integrated Approach to Geological Disposal of UK Wastes Containing Carbon-14." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96342.
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Carbon-14 is a key radionuclide in the assessment of the safety of a geological disposal facility for radioactive waste because of the calculated assessment of the radiological consequences of gaseous carbon-14 bearing species [i]. It may be that such calculations are based on overly conservative assumptions and that better understanding could lead to considerably reduced assessment of the radiological consequences from these wastes. Alternatively, it may be possible to mitigate the impact of these wastes through alternative treatment, packaging or design options. The Radioactive Waste Management Directorate of the UK’s Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA RWMD) has established an integrated project team in which the partners are working together to develop a holistic approach to carbon-14 management in the disposal system [ii]. For a waste stream containing carbon-14 to be an issue: • There must be a significant inventory of carbon-14 in the waste stream; AND • That waste stream has to generate carbon-14 bearing gas; AND • A bulk gas phase has to entrain the carbon-14 bearing gas: AND • These gases must migrate through the engineered barriers in significant quantities; AND • These gases must migrate through the overlying geological environment (either as a distinct gas phase or as dissolved gas); AND • These gases must interact with materials in the biosphere (i.e. plants) in a manner that leads to significant doses and risks to exposed groups or potentially exposed groups. The project team has developed and used this “AND” approach to structure and prioritise the technical work and break the problem down in a manageable way. We have also used it to develop our approach to considering alternative treatment, packaging and design options. For example, it may be possible to pre-treat some wastes to remove some of the inventory or to segregate other wastes so that they are removed from any bulk gas phase which might facilitate migration through the geosphere. Initially, the project team has undertaken a six month programme of work to examine the current understanding of these aspects and has captured this in the Phase 1 report [ii], in a modelling basis spreadsheet and in scoping assessments, which help us better understand the potential significance of carbon-14. Using the current modelling basis, but ignoring any potential benefits from the geosphere in retarding or preventing gas from reaching the surface, the calculated release of carbon-14 is dominated by: corrosion of irradiated reactive metals (in the operational and early post-closure time frame); corrosion of irradiated stainless steel and leaching of irradiated graphite (in the longer term). The Phase 1 work has shown that there is considerable scope for reducing the calculated radiological consequence for these wastes and a roadmap has been developed for a second Phase of work.
Reports on the topic "Pre-release Program"
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Ayala, David, Ashley Graves, Colton Lauer, Henrik Strand, Chad Taylor, Kyle Weldon, and Ryan Wood. Flooding Events Post Hurricane Harvey: Potential Liability for Dam and Reservoir Operators and Recommendations Moving Forward. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.floodingpostharvey.
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When Hurricane Harvey hit the Texas coast as a category 4 hurricane on August 25, 2017, it resulted in $125 billion in damage, rivaling only Hurricane Katrina in the amount of damage caused. It also resulted in the deaths of 88 people and destroyed or damaged 135,000 homes. Much of that devastation was the result of flooding. The storm dumped over 27 trillion gallons of rain over Texas in a matter of days. Some parts of Houston received over 50 inches of rainfall. The potential liability that dam and reservoir operators may face for decisions they make during storm and flooding events has now become a major concern for Texas citizens and its elected officials. Law suits have now been instituted against the federal government for its operation of two flood control reservoirs, as well as against the San Jacinto River Authority for its operation of a water supply reservoir. Moreover, the issues and concerns have been placed on the agenda of a number of committees preparing for the 2019 Texas legislative session. This report reviews current dam and reservoir operations in Texas and examines the potential liability that such operators may face for actions and decisions taken in response to storm and flooding events. In Section III, the report reviews dam gate operations and differentiates between water supply reservoirs and flood control reservoirs. It also considers pre-release options and explains why such actions are disfavored and not recommended. In Section IV, the report evaluates liabilities and defenses applicable to dam and reservoir operators. It explains how governmental immunity can limit the exposure of state and federally-run facilities to claims seeking monetary damages. It also discusses how such entities could be subject to claims of inverse condemnation, which generally are not subject to governmental immunity, under Texas law as well as under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In addition, the Section discusses negligence and nuisance claims and concludes that plaintiffs asserting either or both of these claims will have difficulty presenting successful arguments for flooding-related damage and harm against operators who act reasonably in the face of storm-related precipitation. Finally, Section V offers recommendations that dam and reservoir operators might pursue in order to engage and educate the public and thereby reduce the potential for disputes and litigation. Specifically, the report highlights the need for expanded community outreach efforts to engage with municipalities, private land owners, and the business community in flood-prone neighborhoods both below and above a dam. It also recommends implementation of proactive flood notification procedures as a way of reaching and alerting as many people as possible of potential and imminent flooding events. Finally, the report proposes implementation of a dispute prevention and minimization mechanism and offers recommendations for the design and execution of such a program.