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Journal articles on the topic 'Prebiotic molecules'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 September 2022

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Rinninella, Emanuele, and Lara Costantini. "Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Prebiotics: Innovation or Confirmation?" Foods 11, no. 2 (2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11020146.

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The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP), in its last consensus statement about prebiotics, defined polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as “candidate prebiotics” due to a lack of complete scientific evidence. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of microbiota to metabolize PUFAs, although the role of the resulting metabolites in the host is less known. Recent partial evidence shows that these metabolites can have important health effects in the host, reinforcing the concept of the prebiotic action of PUFAs, despite the data being mostly related t

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2

Thaddeus, P. "The prebiotic molecules observed in the interstellar gas." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1474 (2006): 1681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1897.

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Over 130 molecules have been identified in the interstellar gas and circumstellar shells, the largest among them is a carbon chain with 13 atoms and molecular weight of 147 (twice that of the simplest amino acid glycine). The high reliability of astronomical identifications, as well as the fairly accurate quantitative analysis which can often be achieved, is emphasized. Glycine itself has been claimed, but a recent analysis indicates that few, if any, of the astronomical radio lines attributed to glycine are actually from that molecule. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have long been pr

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Balucani, Nadia. "Gas-phase prebiotic chemistry in extraterrestrial environments." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, H15 (2009): 682–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310010938.

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AbstractA variety of molecular species up to complex polyatomic molecules/radicals have been identified in many extraterrestrial gaseous environments, including interstellar clouds, cometary comae and planetary atmospheres. Amongst the identified molecules/radicals, a large percentage are organic in nature and encompass also prebiotic molecules. Different types of microscopic processes are believed to be involved in their formation, including surface processes, ion- and radical- molecule reactions. A thorough characterization of such a complex chemistry relies on a multi-disciplinary approach,

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Chandru, Mamajanov, Cleaves, and Jia. "Polyesters as a Model System for Building Primitive Biologies from Non-Biological Prebiotic Chemistry." Life 10, no. 1 (2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10010006.

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A variety of organic chemicals were likely available on prebiotic Earth. These derived from diverse processes including atmospheric and geochemical synthesis and extraterrestrial input, and were delivered to environments including oceans, lakes, and subaerial hot springs. Prebiotic chemistry generates both molecules used by modern organisms, such as proteinaceous amino acids, as well as many molecule types not used in biochemistry. As prebiotic chemical diversity was likely high, and the core of biochemistry uses a rather small set of common building blocks, the majority of prebiotically avail

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Brown, Ronald D. "Prebiotic Matter in Interstellar Molecules." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 112 (1985): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900146431.

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With the discovery of the first polyatomic molecules, NH3, H2O and H2CO in 1968/9 there was immediate speculation as to how far biological chemical evolution - from atoms to small carbon compounds of biological significance - could have occurred in the Galaxy. There was also potential conflict with the canonical scientific view of the origin of life, traceable to the production of simple bio-molecules from the influence of energetic atmospheric events on the simple gaseous mixture (CH4, H2, H2O and NH3) presumed to compose the atmosphere of the very young Earth.

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6

Winnewisser, Gisbert. "Interstellar Molecules of Prebiotic Interest." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 161 (January 1997): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100014573.

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AbstractThe field of interstellar molecules is reviewed with special consideration of molecules which are of potential biological interest. At present more than 110 interstellar molecules have been identified in interstellar clouds and circumstellar envelopes. The more complex molecules are found in the dense cores which are often the sites of active star formation. These locations represent prime targets for the search of larger molecules such as glycine and possibly other amino acids. However, in the list of detected interstellar molecules still many simple hydrides are missing, e.g. SH, PH,

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7

Villicana-Pedraza, I., R. Walterbos, F. Carreto-Parra, et al. "Preliminary results from prebiotic molecules with ALMA in the era of artificial intelligence." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S352 (2019): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319009220.

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AbstractStudy of the composition from diverse sources of the Universe helps to us to understand their evolution. Molecular spectroscopy provides detailed information of the observed objects. We present a small study of the starburst NGC 253 with ALMA at 1mm. We detect the prebiotic molecules NH2CHO, and CNCHO. We obtain the integrated intensity maps and abundances of HNCO, CH3OH, H3O+ and CH3C2H. We propose the use of Artificial Intelligence for big data to find prebiotic molecules in galaxies.

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8

Micca Longo, Gaia, Luca Vialetto, Paola Diomede, Savino Longo, and Vincenzo Laporta. "Plasma Modeling and Prebiotic Chemistry: A Review of the State-of-the-Art and Perspectives." Molecules 26, no. 12 (2021): 3663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123663.

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We review the recent progress in the modeling of plasmas or ionized gases, with compositions compatible with that of primordial atmospheres. The plasma kinetics involves elementary processes by which free electrons ultimately activate weakly reactive molecules, such as carbon dioxide or methane, thereby potentially starting prebiotic reaction chains. These processes include electron–molecule reactions and energy exchanges between molecules. They are basic processes, for example, in the famous Miller-Urey experiment, and become relevant in any prebiotic scenario where the primordial atmosphere

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9

Miller, Stanley L. "Endogenous synthesis of prebiotic organic molecules." Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 26, no. 3-5 (1996): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02459712.

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10

Van Loo, Jan. "The specificity of the interaction with intestinal bacterial fermentation by prebiotics determines their physiological efficacy." Nutrition Research Reviews 17, no. 1 (2004): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr200377.

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The concept of prebiotic food ingredients is an important recent development in nutrition. The concept has attracted a great deal of attention, and many food ingredients (mainly dietary carbohydrates) have been claimed to be ‘prebiotic’. It is emphasised that in order to be called prebiotic, a compound should be: (1) non-digestible; (2) fermentable; (3) fermentable in a selective way. These properties should be demonstrated in human volunteers in at least two independent dietary intervention trials. On the basis of published and unpublished results, it is shown in the present paper that the wa

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11

Pasek, Matthew A. "Implications of extraterrestrial material on the origin of life." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29B (2015): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316005731.

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AbstractMeteoritic organic material may provide the best perspective on prebiotic chemistry. Meteorites have also been invoked as a source of prebiotic material. This study suggests a caveat to extraterrestrial organic delivery: that prebiotic meteoritic organics were too dilute to promote prebiotic reactions. However, meteoritic material provides building material for endogenous synthesis of prebiotic molecules, such as by hydrolysis of extraterrestrial organic tars, and corrosion of phosphide minerals.

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12

Powner, Matthew W., and John D. Sutherland. "Prebiotic chemistry: a new modus operandi." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1580 (2011): 2870–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0134.

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A variety of macromolecules and small molecules—(oligo)nucleotides, proteins, lipids and metabolites—are collectively considered essential to early life. However, previous schemes for the origin of life—e.g. the ‘RNA world’ hypothesis—have tended to assume the initial emergence of life based on one such molecular class followed by the sequential addition of the others, rather than the emergence of life based on a mixture of all the classes of molecules. This view is in part due to the perceived implausibility of multi-component reaction chemistry producing such a mixture. The concept of system

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13

Pérez-López, E., D. Cela, A. Costabile, I. Mateos-Aparicio, and P. Rupérez. "In vitrofermentability and prebiotic potential of soyabean Okara by human faecal microbiota." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 6 (2016): 1116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516002816.

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AbstractAt present, there is a huge interest in finding new prebiotics from agrofood industrial waste, such as the soyabean by-product Okara, rich in insoluble dietary fibre. A previous treatment of Okara with high hydrostatic pressure assisted by the food-grade enzymeUltraflo®L achieved a 58·2 % increment in its soluble dietary fibre (SDF) contents. Therefore, potential prebiotic effect of both treated and native Okara was assayed using 48 h, pH-controlled, anaerobic batch cultures inoculated with human faecal slurries, which simulate the human gut. Changes in faecal microbiota were evaluated

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14

Lee, Sulhee, Jisun Park, Jae-Kweon Jang, Byung-Hoo Lee, and Young-Seo Park. "Structural Analysis of Gluco-Oligosaccharides Produced by Leuconostoc lactis and Their Prebiotic Effect." Molecules 24, no. 21 (2019): 3998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213998.

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Leuconostoc lactis CCK940, which exhibits glycosyltransferase activity, produces oligosaccharides using sucrose and maltose as donor and receptor molecules, respectively. The oligosaccharides produced were purified by Bio-gel P2 chromatography and the purified oligosaccharides (CCK-oligosaccharides) consisted of only glucose. 1H-NMR analysis revealed that the CCK-oligosaccharides were composed of 77.6% α-1,6 and 22.4% α-1,4 glycosidic linkages, and the molecular weight of the CCK-oligosaccharides was found to be 9.42 × 102 Da. To determine the prebiotic effect of the CCK-oligosaccharides, vari

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15

Villafañe-Barajas, Saúl A., María Colín-García, Alicia Negrón-Mendoza, and Marta Ruiz-Bermejo. "An experimental study of the thermolysis of hydrogen cyanide: the role of hydrothermal systems in chemical evolution." International Journal of Astrobiology 19, no. 5 (2020): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550420000142.

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AbstractHydrogen cyanide (HCN) is considered a fundamental molecule in prebiotic chemistry experiments due to the fact that it could have an important role as raw material to form more complex molecules, as well as it could be an intermediate molecule in chemical reactions. However, the primitive scenarios in which this molecule might be available have been widely discussed. Hydrothermal systems have been considered as abiotic reactors and ideal niches for chemical evolution. Nevertheless, several experiments have shown that high temperatures and pressures could be adverse to the stability of

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16

Kahraman Ilıkkan, Özge, Elif Şeyma Bağdat, and Dilek Yalçın. "Evaluation of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic potentials of microalgae." Food and Health 8, no. 2 (2022): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/fh22016.

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Microalgae can be considered an alternative food ingredient thanks to their nutritional composition and bioactive molecules. Microalgae are considered a rich source of sulfated and non-sulfated polysaccharides, and certain types of polysaccharides vary depending on their taxonomic groups. It is thought that valuable bioactive compounds possessed by algae biomass can increase the vitality of probiotic bacteria by stimulating their growth and being a good source for lactic acid production. Probiotics are defined as living, microbial dietary supplements that beneficially affect the human organism

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17

COELHO, L. S., A. C. S. FRIAÇA, and E. MENDOZA. "POSSIBLE ROUTES FOR THE FORMATION OF PREBIOTIC MOLECULES IN THE HORSEHEAD NEBULA." Revista SODEBRAS 16, no. 185 (2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29367/issn.1809-3957.16.2021.185.27.

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18

Mayer, Christian, Ulrich Schreiber, and María Dávila. "Selection of Prebiotic Molecules in Amphiphilic Environments." Life 7, no. 1 (2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life7010003.

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19

Tran, Quoc Phuong, Zachary R. Adam, and Albert C. Fahrenbach. "Prebiotic Reaction Networks in Water." Life 10, no. 12 (2020): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10120352.

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A prevailing strategy in origins of life studies is to explore how chemistry constrained by hypothetical prebiotic conditions could have led to molecules and system level processes proposed to be important for life’s beginnings. This strategy has yielded model prebiotic reaction networks that elucidate pathways by which relevant compounds can be generated, in some cases, autocatalytically. These prebiotic reaction networks provide a rich platform for further understanding and development of emergent “life-like” behaviours. In this review, recent advances in experimental and analytical procedur

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20

Bedu-Ferrari, Cassandre, Paul Biscarrat, Philippe Langella, and Claire Cherbuy. "Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health." Nutrients 14, no. 10 (2022): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102096.

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The colon harbours a dynamic and complex community of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which constitutes the densest microbial ecosystem in the human body. These commensal gut microbes play a key role in human health and diseases, revealing the strong potential of fine-tuning the gut microbiota to confer health benefits. In this context, dietary strategies targeting gut microbes to modulate the composition and metabolic function of microbial communities are of increasing interest. One such dietary strategy is the use of prebiotics, which are defined as substrates that

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21

Wołos, Agnieszka, Rafał Roszak, Anna Żądło-Dobrowolska, et al. "Synthetic connectivity, emergence, and self-regeneration in the network of prebiotic chemistry." Science 369, no. 6511 (2020): eaaw1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw1955.

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The challenge of prebiotic chemistry is to trace the syntheses of life’s key building blocks from a handful of primordial substrates. Here we report a forward-synthesis algorithm that generates a full network of prebiotic chemical reactions accessible from these substrates under generally accepted conditions. This network contains both reported and previously unidentified routes to biotic targets, as well as plausible syntheses of abiotic molecules. It also exhibits three forms of nontrivial chemical emergence, as the molecules within the network can act as catalysts of downstream reaction typ

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22

Hu, Xiaoyi, Yuanyuan Yang, Congcong Zhang, Yang Chen, Junfeng Zhen, and Liping Qin. "Gas-phase laboratory formation of large, astronomically relevant PAH-organic molecule clusters." Astronomy & Astrophysics 656 (December 2021): A80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141407.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules may play an essential role in the prebiotic compound evolution network in interstellar clouds. In this work, an experimental study of large, astronomically relevant PAH-organic molecule clusters is presented. With the initial molecular precursors dicoronylene (DC; C48H20)-pyroglutamic acid (Pga, C5H7NO3), DC-proline (Pro; C5H9NO2), and DC-pyroglutaminol (Pgn; C5H9NO2), our experiments indicate that PAH–organic molecule cluster cations (e.g., (Pga)(1−2)C48Hn+, (Pro)(1−2)C48Hn+, and (Pgn)(1−6)C48Hn+) and carbon cluster–organic molecule cluster cati

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23

Colin-Garcia, M., A. Heredia, A. Negron-Mendoza, F. Ortega, T. Pi, and S. Ramos-Bernal. "Adsorption of HCN onto sodium montmorillonite dependent on the pH as a component to chemical evolution." International Journal of Astrobiology 13, no. 4 (2014): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550414000111.

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AbstractThe aim of this work is to study the behaviour of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) adsorbed onto mineral surfaces (sodium montmorillonite, a clay mineral) in different pH environments as a possible prebiotic process for complexation of organics. Our experimental results show that specific sites on the surface of the clay increased the concentration of HCN molecules dependent on the pH values. Moreover, this adsorption can occur through physical and chemical interactions enhanced by the channel structure of the sodium montmorillonite. The three-dimensional channelling structure of the clay accumu

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Cruz-Hernández, Abigail E., María Colín-García, Fernando Ortega-Gutiérrez, and Eva Mateo-Martí. "Komatiites as Complex Adsorption Surfaces for Amino Acids in Prebiotic Environments, a Prebiotic Chemistry Essay." Life 12, no. 11 (2022): 1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12111788.

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Komatiites represent the oldest known terrestrial rocks, and their composition has been cataloged as the closest to that of the first terrestrial crust after the cooling of the magma ocean. These rocks could have been present in multiple environments on the early Earth and served as concentrators of organic molecules. In this study, the adsorption of five amino acids (glycine, lysine, histidine, arginine, and aspartic acid) on a natural komatiite, a simulated komatiite, and the minerals olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase were analyzed under three different pH values: acid pH (5.5), natural pH

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Puzzarini, Cristina. "Prebiotic molecules in interstellar space: Rotational spectroscopy and quantum chemistry." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S350 (2019): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319007592.

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AbstractThe starting point for the development of any astrochemical model is the knowledge of whether a molecule is present in the astrophysical environment considered, with the astronomical observations of spectroscopic signatures providing the unequivocal proof of its presence. Among the goals of astrochemistry, the detection of potential prebiotic molecules in the interstellar medium and planetary atmospheres is fundamental in view of possibly understanding the origin of life. The detection of new molecules in space requires the spectroscopic signatures (mostly, rotational transition freque

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Arumainayagam, Chris R., Robin T. Garrod, Michael C. Boyer, et al. "Extraterrestrial prebiotic molecules: photochemistryvs.radiation chemistry of interstellar ices." Chemical Society Reviews 48, no. 8 (2019): 2293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00443e.

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27

Quan, Donghui, Eric Herbst, Joanna F. Corby, Allison Durr, and George Hassel. "CHEMICAL SIMULATIONS OF PREBIOTIC MOLECULES: INTERSTELLAR ETHANIMINE ISOMERS." Astrophysical Journal 824, no. 2 (2016): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/0004-637x/824/2/129.

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28

Huebner, W. F., and D. C. Boice. "Comets as a possible source of prebiotic molecules." Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 21, no. 5-6 (1991): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01808304.

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Goto, Kimihiko, and Masahiro Tshigami. "Synthesis of organic molecules under presumed prebiotic conditions." Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 16, no. 3-4 (1986): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02422033.

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30

Irvine, William M. "Extraterrestrial organic chemistry: A source of prebiotic molecules?" Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 26, no. 3-5 (1996): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02459713.

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31

Kuan, Yi-Jehng, Steven B. Charnley, Hui-Chun Huang, et al. "Searches for interstellar molecules of potential prebiotic importance." Advances in Space Research 33, no. 1 (2004): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.004.

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32

Ehrenfreund, Pascale, Andreas Elsaesser, and J. Groen. "Prebiotic Matter in Space." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (2012): 709–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314013015.

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AbstractA significant number of molecules that are used in contemporary biochemistry on Earth are found in interstellar and circumstellar regions as well as solar system environments. In particular small solar system bodies hold clues to processes that formed our solar system. Comets, asteroids, and meteorite delivered extraterrestrial material during the heavy bombardment phase ~3.9 billion years ago to the young planets, a process that made carbonaceous material available to the early Earth. In-depth understanding of the organic reservoir in different space environments as well as data on th

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33

Novianto, Esna Dilli, Monica Sonia Indri Pradipta, Suwasdi Suwasdi, Mahdalina Mursilati, and Surya Bagus Purnomo. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Agroindustri Kacang Tanah Sebagai Media Pertumbuhan Mikrobia Probiotik Lactobacillus bulgaricus." AGRITEKNO: Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian 9, no. 1 (2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jagritekno.2020.9.1.35.

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The increase of peanut-based agro-industry today, cause a significant increase in the number of waste products in the form of peanut shells. This can cause a problem to the environment due to insoluble carbohydrate fiber molecules in peanuts. However, the cellulose in peanut waste can be used as useful material, such as prebiotic, which plays a role in the growth of probiotic bacteria. Nowadays, inulin is used as a source of prebiotics in food additives or health supplements. However, its limited availability and high prices have an impact on the cost of finished products. This research was ai

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Rimola, Albert, Mariona Sodupe, and Piero Ugliengo. "Role of Mineral Surfaces in Prebiotic Chemical Evolution. In Silico Quantum Mechanical Studies." Life 9, no. 1 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life9010010.

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There is a consensus that the interaction of organic molecules with the surfaces of naturally-occurring minerals might have played a crucial role in chemical evolution and complexification in a prebiotic era. The hurdle of an overly diluted primordial soup occurring in the free ocean may have been overcome by the adsorption and concentration of relevant molecules on the surface of abundant minerals at the sea shore. Specific organic–mineral interactions could, at the same time, organize adsorbed molecules in well-defined orientations and activate them toward chemical reactions, bringing to an

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Ligterink, N. F. W., A. Ahmadi, A. Coutens, et al. "The prebiotic molecular inventory of Serpens SMM1." Astronomy & Astrophysics 647 (March 2021): A87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039619.

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Aims. Methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) and glycolonitrile (HOCH2CN) are isomers and prebiotic molecules that are involved in the formation of peptide structures and the nucleobase adenine, respectively. These two species are investigated to study the interstellar chemistry of cyanides (CN) and isocyanates (NCO) and to gain insight into the reservoir of interstellar prebiotic molecules. Methods. ALMA observations of the intermediate-mass Class 0 protostar Serpens SMM1-a and ALMA-PILS data of the low-mass Class 0 protostar IRAS 16293B are used. Spectra are analysed with the CASSIS line analysis softwa

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Ehrenfreund, Pascale, Marco Spaans, and Nils G. Holm. "The evolution of organic matter in space." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1936 (2011): 538–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0231.

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Carbon, and molecules made from it, have already been observed in the early Universe. During cosmic time, many galaxies undergo intense periods of star formation, during which heavy elements like carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, silicon and iron are produced. Also, many complex molecules, from carbon monoxide to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are detected in these systems, like they are for our own Galaxy. Interstellar molecular clouds and circumstellar envelopes are factories of complex molecular synthesis. A surprisingly high number of molecules that are used in contemporary biochemistry on the

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Barone, Vincenzo, and Cristina Puzzarini. "Looking for the bricks of the life in the interstellar medium: The fascinating world of astrochemistry." EPJ Web of Conferences 246 (2020): 00021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024600021.

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The discovery in the interstellar medium of molecules showing a certain degree of complexity, and in particular those with a prebiotic character, has attracted great interest. A complex chemistry takes place in space, but the processes that lead to the production of molecular species are a matter of intense discussion, the knowledge still being at a rather primitive stage. Debate on the origins of interstellar molecules has been further stimulated by the identification of biomolecular building blocks, such as nucleobases and amino acids, in meteorites and comets. Since many of the molecules fo

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López, E., D. Ascenzi, P. Tosi, et al. "The reactivity of cyclopropyl cyanide in titan's atmosphere: a possible pre-biotic mechanism." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 9 (2018): 6198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06911a.

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Reyes-García, Verónica, Alfonso Totosaus, Lourdes Pérez-Chabela, Zaida Nelly Juárez, Gabriel Abraham Cardoso-Ugarte, and Beatriz Pérez-Armendáriz. "Exploration of the Potential Bioactive Molecules of Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea): Antioxidant Properties and Prebiotic Index." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (2021): 11322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311322.

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Tamarillo is an alternative for the consumption of food with high added value through various technological methodologies with nutritional quality and low cost, generating an economic impact on society. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of tamarillo red variety, as a source of bioactive compounds, to generate scientific information on the importance of its chemical composition and antioxidant and prebiotic properties. Different analyses were carried out: spectroscopic methods (IR, UV, NMR) of pulp flour and epicarp flour, antioxidant properties, prebiotic activity, a

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Negrón-Mendoza, Alicia, and Sergio Ramos-Bernal. "Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers as Prebiotic Sources of Biological Compounds in Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Environments." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 161 (January 1997): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100014925.

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AbstractAqueous solutions of cyanides are frequently used in experiments related to prebiotic chemistry. CNcontaining molecules are key compounds in this type of synthesis. This is due to the high chemical reactivity of the CN group, their abundance in the interstellar space, in comets, and the facility of their formation from simulated experiments. Implications for prebiotic chemistry are profound mainly because these polymeric materials upon hydrolysis release compounds of biological significance such as amino acids, purines, carboxylic acids, etc. Since the products formed from a CN-contain

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Gull, Maheen, and Matthew A. Pasek. "The Role of Glycerol and Its Derivatives in the Biochemistry of Living Organisms, and Their Prebiotic Origin and Significance in the Evolution of Life." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010086.

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The emergence and evolution of prebiotic biomolecules on the early Earth remain a question that is considered crucial to understanding the chemistry of the origin of life. Amongst prebiotic molecules, glycerol is significant due to its ubiquity in biochemistry. In this review, we discuss the significance of glycerol and its various derivatives in biochemistry, their plausible roles in the origin and evolution of early cell membranes, and significance in the biochemistry of extremophiles, followed by their prebiotic origin on the early Earth and associated catalytic processes that led to the or

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Gull, Maheen, and Matthew A. Pasek. "The Role of Glycerol and Its Derivatives in the Biochemistry of Living Organisms, and Their Prebiotic Origin and Significance in the Evolution of Life." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010086.

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Abstract:

The emergence and evolution of prebiotic biomolecules on the early Earth remain a question that is considered crucial to understanding the chemistry of the origin of life. Amongst prebiotic molecules, glycerol is significant due to its ubiquity in biochemistry. In this review, we discuss the significance of glycerol and its various derivatives in biochemistry, their plausible roles in the origin and evolution of early cell membranes, and significance in the biochemistry of extremophiles, followed by their prebiotic origin on the early Earth and associated catalytic processes that led to the or

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Rivilla, Víctor M., Francesco Fontani, Maite Beltrán, et al. "The first detections of the key prebiotic molecule PO in star-forming regions." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S332 (2017): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317008729.

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AbstractPhosphorus is a crucial element in prebiotic chemistry, especially the P−O bond, which is key for the formation of the backbone of the deoxyribonucleic acid. So far, PO had only been detected towards the envelope of evolved stars, and never towards star-forming regions. We report the first detection of PO towards two massive star-forming regions, W51 e1/e2 and W3(OH), using data from the IRAM 30m telescope. PN has also been detected towards the two regions. The abundance ratio PO/PN is 1.8 and 3 for W51 and W3(OH), respectively. Our chemical model indicates that the two molecules are c

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Bada, Jeffrey, and Jun Korenaga. "Exposed Areas Above Sea Level on Earth >3.5 Gyr Ago: Implications for Prebiotic and Primitive Biotic Chemistry." Life 8, no. 4 (2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life8040055.

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How life began on Earth is still largely shrouded in mystery. One of the central ideas for various origins of life scenarios is Darwin’s “warm little pond”. In these small bodies of water, simple prebiotic compounds such as amino acids, nucleobases, and so on, were produced from reagents such as hydrogen cyanide and aldehydes/ketones. These simple prebiotic compounds underwent further reactions, producing more complex molecules. The process of chemical evolution would have produced increasingly complex molecules, eventually yielding a molecule with the properties of information storage and rep

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Jheeta, Sohan. "Molecules to Microbes." Sci 2, no. 4 (2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci2040086.

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How did life begin on Earth? And is there life elsewhere in the Cosmos? Challenging questions, indeed. The series of conferences established by NoR CEL in 2013 addresses these very questions. This paper comprises a summary report of oral presentations that were delivered by NoR CEL’s network members during the 2018 Athens conference and, as such, disseminates the latest research which they have put forward. More in depth material can be found by consulting the contributors referenced papers. Overall, the outcome of this conspectus on the conference demonstrates a case for the existence of “pro

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Walton, Craig Robert, and Oliver Shorttle. "Scum of the Earth: A Hypothesis for Prebiotic Multi-Compartmentalised Environments." Life 11, no. 9 (2021): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090976.

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Compartmentalisation by bioenergetic membranes is a universal feature of life. The eventual compartmentalisation of prebiotic systems is therefore often argued to comprise a key step during the origin of life. Compartments may have been active participants in prebiotic chemistry, concentrating and spatially organising key reactants. However, most prebiotically plausible compartments are leaky or unstable, limiting their utility. Here, we develop a new hypothesis for an origin of life environment that capitalises upon, and mitigates the limitations of, prebiotic compartments: multi-compartmenta

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Yeates, Jessica A. M., Christian Hilbe, Martin Zwick, Martin A. Nowak, and Niles Lehman. "Dynamics of prebiotic RNA reproduction illuminated by chemical game theory." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 18 (2016): 5030–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525273113.

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Many origins-of-life scenarios depict a situation in which there are common and potentially scarce resources needed by molecules that compete for survival and reproduction. The dynamics of RNA assembly in a complex mixture of sequences is a frequency-dependent process and mimics such scenarios. By synthesizing Azoarcus ribozyme genotypes that differ in their single-nucleotide interactions with other genotypes, we can create molecules that interact among each other to reproduce. Pairwise interplays between RNAs involve both cooperation and selfishness, quantifiable in a 2 × 2 payoff matrix. We

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Rapf, Rebecca J., and Veronica Vaida. "Sunlight as an energetic driver in the synthesis of molecules necessary for life." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 30 (2016): 20067–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00980h.

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Shirt-Ediss, Ben, Sara Murillo-Sánchez, and Kepa Ruiz-Mirazo. "Framing major prebiotic transitions as stages of protocell development: three challenges for origins-of-life research." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (July 13, 2017): 1388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.135.

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Conceiving the process of biogenesis as the evolutionary development of highly dynamic and integrated protocell populations provides the most appropriate framework to address the difficult problem of how prebiotic chemistry bridged the gap to full-fledged living organisms on the early Earth. In this contribution we briefly discuss the implications of taking dynamic, functionally integrated protocell systems (rather than complex reaction networks in bulk solution, sets of artificially evolvable replicating molecules, or even these same replicating molecules encapsulated in passive compartments)

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Ocaña, Antonio J., Sergio Blázquez, Daniel González, et al. "Gas-phase reactivity of CH3OH+OH down to 11.7 K: Astrophysical implications." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S350 (2019): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319007579.

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AbstractMethanol (CH3OH) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals are two species abundant in cold and dense molecular clouds which are important for the chemistry of the interstellar medium (ISM). CH3OH is a well-known starting point for the formation of more complex organic molecules (COMs) in these molecular clouds. Thus, the reactivity of CH3OH in the gas-phase with OH may play a crucial role in the formation of species as complex as prebiotic molecules in the ISM and reliable rate coefficients should be used in astrochemical models describing low temperature reaction networks.

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