Dissertations / Theses: 'Prebiotics and probiotics'

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Maccaferri, Simone <1983&gt. "Characterization of novel probiotics and prebiotics." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4678/.

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The role of the human gut microbiota in impacting host’s health has been widely studied in the last decade. Notably, it has been recently demonstrated that diet and nutritional status are among the most important modifiable determinants of human health, through a plethora of presumptive mechanisms among which microbiota-mediated processes are thought to have a relevant role. At present, probiotics and prebiotics represent a useful dietary approach for influencing the composition and activity of the human gut microbial community. The present study is composed of two main sections, aimed at elucidating the probiotic potential of the yeast strain K. marxianus B0399, as well as the promising putative prebiotic activity ascribable to four different flours, naturally enriched in dietary fibres content. Here, by in vitro studies we demonstrated that K. marxianus B0399 possesses a number of beneficial and strain-specific properties desirable for a microorganism considered for application as a probiotics. Successively, we investigated the impact of a novel probiotic yoghurt containing B. animalis subsp. lactis Bb12 and K. marxianus B0399 on the gut microbiota of a cohort of subjects suffering from IBS and enrolled in a in vivo clinical study. We demonstrated that beneficial effects described for the probiotic yoghurt were not associated to significant modifications of the human intestinal microbiota. Additionally, using a colonic model system we investigated the impact of different flours (wholegrain rye and wheat, chickpeas and lentils 50:50, and barley milled grains) on the intestinal microbiota composition and metabolomic output, combining molecular and cellular analysis with a NMR metabolomics approach. We demonstrated that each tested flour showed peculiar and positive modulations of the intestinal microbiota composition and its small molecule metabolome, thus supporting the utilisation of these ingredients in the development of a variety of potentially prebiotic food products aimed at improving human health.

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Brink, Marelize. "Market and product assessment of probiotics and prebiotics and probiotic strains for commercial use." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50011.

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Thesis (MSc Nutrition Science)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Probiotics (live microbes) and prebiotics (non-digestible food-ingredients) are rapidly gaining interest worldwide as supplements and functional food ingredients but little South African information in this regard is available. Furthermore, the availability of South African produced probiotic concentrates for commercial use is also very limited. The aims of this study therefore were to complete a market and product assessment of probiotic and prebiotic containing products in South Africa and to evaluate probiotic strains for commercial use in South Africa. For the purposes of market and product assessment probiotic and/or prebiotic containing products manufactured in South Africa were identified. The scientific and legal correctness of health and content claims made on the labels of the products were assessed. An exploratory survey was conducted to determine the awareness of South African consumers of probiotics and prebiotics. For the evaluation of probiotic strains for potential commercial use in South Africa, a panel of twelve lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were screened for inhibitory activity against two porcine pathogens and indicator strains from the LMG-panel isolated from the faeces of patients diagnosed with AIDS. The five LAB with the best inhibitory activity were tested for growth in soymilk-base and for the effect of lyophilization on the inhibitory activity thereof. The effect of prebiotics on the growth and inhibitory activity of the strains was tested in vitro. A range of products containing probiotics and prebiotics available on the South African market was identified. Irregulatories concerning health claims on the labels were found, but content claims seemed to be less of a problem. The results also indicate that the proposed South African regulations for the labelling of probiotic and prebiotic containing products need to be revised to include the probiotic and prebiotic related health claims for which sufficient scientific evidence is available. The probiotic strains with potential for commercial use in South Africa that were identified, include Lactobacillus plantarum 423, Lactobacillus casei LHS, Lactobacillus salivarius 241, Lactobacillus curvatus DF38 and Pediococcus pentosaceus 34. These strains were grown successfully in soymilkbase and lyophilization did not have a negative effective on the inhibitory activity thereof. The growth and inhibitory activity of the five LAB were promoted when combined with 1% (w/v) Raftilose® Synergyl . It is concluded that although a variety of probiotic and prebiotic containing products are available on the South African market, the scientific and legislative correctness of especially health related claims is not satisfactory and that South African consumer awareness of these products is low. It is also concluded that a combination of at least three of the five identified LAB and 1% Raftilose® Synergy can be used by South African manufacturers for the production of probiotic and prebiotic containing supplements.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die belangstelling in probiotika (lewendige mikrobe) en prebiotika (onverteerbare voedselbestanddele) as supplemente en funksionele voedselbestanddele is besig om wêreldwyd toe te neem, alhoewel weinig Suid-Arikaanse inligting in hierdie verband beskikbaar is. Die beskikbaarheid van Suid-Afrikaans geproduseerde probiotika konsentrate vir kommersïele gebruik is ook baie beperk. Die doelwitte van hierdie studie was dus om 'n mark- en produkevaluering van probiotika- en prebiotika-bevattende produkte in Suid-Afrika uit te voer en om probiotiese stamme te evalueer vir uiteindelike kommersiële gebruik in Suid-Afrika. Vir die doel van die mark- en produkevaluering is probiotika- en prebiotika-bevattende produkte wat in Suid-Afrika vervaardig word geïdentifiseer. Die wetenskaplike en wetlike korrektheid van die gesondheids- en inhoudsaansprake op die etikette van die produkte is evalueer. 'n Markopname is uitgevoer om die bewustheid van Suid-Afrikaanse verbruikers van probiotika en prebiotika vas te stel. Vir die evaluering van probiotiese stamme vir potensïele kommersiële gebruik in Suid-Afrika is 'n paneel van twaalf melksuurbakteriëe getoets vir inhibitoriese aktiwiteit teen twee patogene geïsoleer uit varke asook teen indikator stamme van die LMG-paneel. Die vyf melksuurbakteriëe met die beste inhibitoriese aktiwiteit is getoets vir groei in sojamelk-basis en ook vir die effek van vriesdroging op die groei en inhibitoriese aktiwiteit van die stamme daarvan. Die effek van prebiotika op die groei en inhibitoriese aktiwiteit van die stamme is in vitro getoets. 'n Reeks van probiotika- en prebiotika-bevattende produkte wat beskikbaar is op die Suid-Afrikaanse mark, is geidentifiseer. Ongeruimdhede met die gesondheidsaansprake op die etikette is gevind, maar inhoudsaansprake was minder problematies. Die resultate dui ook daarop dat die voorgestelde Suid- Afrikaanse regulasies vir die etikettering van probiotika- en prebiotika-bevattende produkte hersien moet word om al die probiotika- en prebiotika-verwante gesondheidsaansprake waarvoor voldoende wetenskaplike bewyse beskikbaar is in te sluit. Die probiotiese stamme met potensiaal vir kommersiële gebruik in Suid-Afrika sluit die volgende in: Lactobacillus plantarum 423, Lactobacillus casei LHS, Lactobacillus salivarius 241, Lactobacillus curvatus DF 38 en Pediococcus pentosaceus 34. Hierdie stamme is suksesvol gekweek in sojamelk-basis en vriesdroging het nie' n negatiewe effek op die groei en inhibitoriese aktiwiteit daarvan gehad me. Die kombinasie van die vyf melksuurbakteriëe met 1% Raftilose® Synergy het die groei en inhibitoriese aktiwiteit daarvan bevorder. Die gevolgtrekking wat gemaak word is dat alhoewel 'n varrasie van probiotika- en prebiotikabevattende produkte beskikbaar is op die Suid-Afrikaanse mark, die wetenskaplike en wetlike korrektheid van spesifiek die gesondheids-verwante aansprake op die etikette daarvan nie bevredigend is nie en dat die bewustheid van die Suid-Afrikaanse verbruikers van hierdie produkte laag is. Die gevolgtrekking kan ook gemaak word dat 'n kombinasie van ten minste drie van die vyf geïdentifiseerde melksuurbakteriëe en 1% Raftilose® Synergy deur Suid-Afrikaanse vervaardigers gebruik kan word vir die vervaardiging van produkte wat probiotika en prebiotika bevat.

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Oliveira, Bruno César Miranda. "Towards the development of pro and prebiotics against cryptosporidiosis /." Araçatuba, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191134.

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Orientador: Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
Resumo: A criptosporidiose, uma das principais causas de diarreia infantil, é causada por parasitos do Filo Apicomplexa pertencentes ao gênero Cryptosporidium. A falta de medicamentos eficazes está motivando pesquisas para desenvolver tratamentos alternativos. Para este objetivo, o impacto dos probióticos no curso da criptosporidiose foi investigado. A microbiota intestinal nativa de camundongos imunossuprimidos livres de patógenos específicos foi inicialmente esgotada com antibióticos administrados por via oral. Um produto probiótico comercialmente disponível destinado ao consumo humano foi subsequentemente adicionado à água potável. Os camundongos foram infectados com oocistos de Cryptosporidium parvum. Em média, os camundongos tratados com probiótico desenvolveram uma infecção mais grave. Os probióticos alteraram significativamente a microbiota fecal, mas não foi observada associação direta entre a ingestão de bactérias probióticas e sua abundância na microbiota fecal. Esses resultados sugerem que os probióticos alteram indiretamente o microambiente intestinal ou o epitélio intestinal de maneira a favorecer a proliferação de C. parvum.
Abstract: Cryptosporidiosis, a leading cause of infant diarrhea, is caused by apicomplexan parasites classified in the genus Cryptosporidium. The lack of effective drugs is motivating research to develop alternative treatments. To this aim, the impact of probiotics on the course of cryptosporidiosis was investigated. The native intestinal microbiota of specific pathogen-free immunosuppressed mice was initially depleted with orally administered antibiotics. A commercially available probiotic product intended for human consumption was subsequently added to the drinking water. Mice were infected with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. On average, mice treated with probiotic developed a more severe infection. The probiotics significantly altered the fecal microbiota, but no direct association between ingestion of probiotic bacteria and their abundance in fecal microbiota was observed. These results suggest that probiotics indirectly altered the intestinal microenvironment or the intestinal epithelium in a way that favors proliferation of C. parvum.
Doutor

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Karlsson, Dragstra Annie. "Tarmflorans påverkan på faktorer inom metabola syndromet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45548.

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Kunskapen och undersökningarna kring tarmfloran och dess koppling till flera sjukdomar ökar i snabb takt samtidigt som underliggande faktorer för utveckling av metabola syndromet blir allt vanligare. Den västerländska livsstilen med minskad fysisk aktivitet och ökad kroppsvikt leder till allt fler hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar. Studier tyder på att personer med övervikt, diabetes och andra sjukdomar har annorlunda sammansättning av tarmfloran jämfört med friska personer, men orsaken till variationerna är inte helt klarlagd. Genom analys av sju vetenskapliga artiklar undersöktes tarmflorans betydelse för faktorer inkluderade i metabola syndromet, samt om pro- eller prebiotikas effekter är av betydelse. Denna litteraturstudie gav varierande resultat beroende på vilken typ av pro- eller prebiotika som intogs, och sammantaget krävs fler studier för att kartlägga tarmflorans koppling till bland annat blodtryck, body mass index (BMI) och glukostolerans.

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Jung, Deborah Osterholm. "QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TOTAL BACTERIA, LACTOBACILLUS, AND BIFIDOBACTERIUM COLONIC MICROFLORA IN RATS FED CONVENTIONAL, PREBIOTIC, AND PROBIOTIC SOY DIETS." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1778.

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Research suggests that specific compositions of gut microbiota can directly affect energy harvesting and fat storage, which may indicate a potential role of intestinal bacteria in the regulation of body weight (i.e., obesity). The purpose of the current study was to determine if prebiotic- and probiotic-based diets modify gut microbiota in genetically obese rodents. For this, female Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were assigned diets containing fructooligosaccharides (FOS), Bifidobacterium (BIF), or Lactobacillus (LAC) for three weeks. qPCR was then used to measure levels of colonic Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and total bacteria. At termination, there was no significant difference in Lactobacillus levels between diets. However, there was significantly less Bifidobacterium in BIF vs. FOS or LAC-fed rats. The evidence in this study shows there were no significant differences in Lactobacillus levels between any of the feeding groups and the control group, supporting the conclusion that ingestion of any of the tested supplemented feed does not statistically modulate Lactobacillus numbers in female ZDF rats. However, the rats from the Bifidobacterium and FOS feeding groups had significantly higher colonic Bifidobacterium levels than the control group from ingesting the supplemented feed, indicating that the presence of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis and the prebiotic FOS stimulated the growth of Bifidobacterium.

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Krahulcová, Aneta. "Vývoj probiotického doplňku stravy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216800.

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The thesis deals with a theme of probiotic mikroorganisms which are aplicated as a dietary supplement. Health benefit on the host have been known for a long time, however, there might be some negative effects affecting a consumer. In connection with this observation defining requirements and evaluating of safety of probiotics in food was necessary. The new probiotic dietary supplement can not be expanded on the market without these processes. Every strain must be tested separately on each property. The ability of rezistance against conditions inside human gastrointestinal tract belongs to the most basic tests. The aim of the practical part is testing this ability of rezistance in vitro by simulated conditions. The model of gastrointestinal juices was designed according to the Czechoslovak codex. The form contributes to the higher rezistance of probiotics within implementing to the host. Also a dosage form of probiotics was involved to a in vitro testing.

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Adebola, Oluwakemi. "The relationship between probiotics, prebiotics and bile acids and the impact on gut health." Thesis, University of East London, 2009. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3196/.

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Epidemiological studies show a diet rich in fats and processed meats is often associated with higher levels of secondary bile acids and carcinogens in the gut and increases the risk of colorectal diseases. In recent years the consumption of probiotics and prebiotics has been widely proposed as a strategy to both prevent colorectal disease and generally improve gut health. The present study investigated the role of synbiotic applications of species of Lactobacilli (L. acidophilus NCFM LYO 10, L. acidophilus NCTC 1723, L. reuteri, L. brevis NCIMB 11973 and L. delbrueckii ss bulgaricus NCTC 12712) and prebiotics (inulin, lactulose and lactobionic acid) in bile acid/salt stress and on bile acid metabolism particularly as it affects deconjugation. In addition the study also looked at the effects of prebiotics on xenobiotic induced cytotoxicity/genotoxicity. Preliminary investigations looked at the ability of Lactobacilli cultures to survive the detergent properties of bile acids and utilise prebiotics for growth. Results showed L. acidophilus NCFM LYO 10 was least sensitive to bile acid/salt stress simulating levels found in the gut whilst other cultures showed different levels of growth inhibition with glycine conjugated bile acids being potentially more toxic than its taurine conjugated counterpart. Lactulose was the prebiotic of choice for both L. acidophilus NCFM LYO 10 and L. reuteri with growth comparable to growth in glucose. Small increases in growth were observed for both cultures with lactobionic acid as substrate whereas other cultures could not effectively utilise any of the prebiotics. Following synbiotic applications ofL. reuteri and L. acidophilus NCFM LYO 10 with lactulose or lactobionic acid increases in growth was observed in cholic and taurocholic acid including L. reuteri in taurochenodeoxycholic acid with lactulose as substrate. No growth benefits were observed in the glycine conjugated bile acids. L acidophilus NCTC 1723 deconjugated taurocholic, glycocholic, taurochenodeoxycholic and taurodeoxycholic acid, no deconjugation was observed for other cultures. The presence of prebiotics impacted on BSH activity i.e. whilst 2.83xlO" 2 nmol/min (p<0.01) cholic acid was released with 2% inulin reduced BSH activity was observed in 2% lactulose with 0.66x10" 2 nmol/min cholic acid released. No growth was observed in 2% lactobionic acid. Uncooperative and mixed inhibition kinetics with respect to taurocholic acid substrate was shown with inulin and lactulose (2, 4 and 6%) with a K; of 12 and 10.5% respectively whereas a dose dependent (0 - 2%) increased CGH enzyme kinetics was observed with lactobionic acid. Comparism of L. acidophilus NCFM LYO 10 cytosolic proteome revealed 16 spots whose expressions were either up or down regulated by the presence of cholic or glycocholic acid. 9 PMFS were identified as proteins involved in glycolysis, chaperones, translation, peptidoglycan and amino acid synthesis. In synbiotic applications with lactobionic acid 14 spots showed different levels of expression. Deoxycholic, glycolithocholic, lithocholic acid (0.5mM) and faecal water 50% (v/v) reduced the viability of HT29 cells by 75, 60, 74 and 50% respectively. Addition of prebiotics inulin and lactulose (0.5-2% w/v) resulted in a concentration dependent increase in the viability of cells exposed to deoxycholic acid by 110% and lithocholic acid by 20%. Similarly, cytotoxicity induced by faecal water was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by inulin (2.5%) and lactobionic acid (0.25%) with cell viability increasing by 40% and 20% respectively. Secondary bile acids lithocholic and deoxycholic acid did not induce E. coll PQ 37 SOS response over a range of concentrations (0.25-2mM), however both faecal water (50% v/v)and 4NQO (2jig/ml) induced p-galactosidase activity. Inulin and lactulose at 2.5% significantly reduced the SOSIP of faecal water by 70% and 57% respectively and by 24% and 74.1% for 4NQO. In conclusion, these findings suggest the protective benefits attributed to synbiotic applications in bile acid/salt stress are specific to the nature and type of bile acids with a rather complex physiological response being induced. Prebiotics exerts a concentration dependent impact on BSH activity and might explain the hypocholesterolemic effects attributed to synbiotic applications. It is also interesting to know that the consumption of prebiotic alone particularly inulin may confer beneficial effects beyond those associated with probiotic survival and growth.

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Martin, Michele Marie. "THE USE OF INTESTINAL MICROFLORA MODIFICATION TO MAXIMIZE THE ANTI-OBESITY AND ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS OF SOY PROTEIN DIETS IN FEMALE ZUCKER DIABETIC FATTY RATS." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/28.

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With obesity and type 2 diabetes on the rise, research is trying to find ways to reverse or slow its progress. Soy diets have been shown to be effective in doing so but have variable results. One variable that may affect soy's effectiveness is intestinal microflora. This experiment used female Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats that develop type 2 diabetes when fed high-fat diet and is similar to that of human development of type 2 diabetes. This study used soy diets designed to modify intestinal bacteria with probiotics or prebiotics: control, 2.5% fructooligosaccharide (FOS), 2.5% B. lactis, or 2.5% L. acidophilus. Food intake, body weight, and glucose levels were evaluated weekly throughout the study. At the end of a 23 day period total body lipids were assessed, as well as, glucose levels. The percent body lipids in the B. lactis group were higher than all other groups (p>0.05). The B. lactis and L. acidophilus groups had seemingly higher glucose levels; however, the statistical analysis was insignificant due to high variation between groups. Urine samples showed B. lactis and L. acidophilus groups had three rats with glucose levels of 500 mg/dl or above while control and FOS groups had one rat each in this category. This study showed no improvement to obesity and diabetic parameters through the microflora modifications used. In fact, some parameters worsened indicating a need for continuing research of soy with intestinal microflora modification.

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Šnajdarová, Karolína. "Enkapsulace probiotik a prebiotik do výrobků pro dětskou výživu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376827.

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The Diploma thesis deals with designing of probiotic dietary supplement for children with strains Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium breve and with prebiotics. Used prebiotics were Inulin, Chia fiber, Bamboo fiber, Chlorella + Spirulina and Yakon syrup. The theoretical part is focused on probiotics, prebiotics and their biological influence. In experimental part the possibilities of encapsulation into alginate particle and lyophilisation of probiotic cells were observed to find their good form to final nutritional product for children. Several types of probiotic with addition of prebiotics were tested in model conditions of gastrointestinal tract. It was found that addition of prebiotic highly increases viability of probiotic cells and their resistance to model conditions of gastrointestinal tract. In this case, the best prebiotic was found in Yakon syrup. The prebiotics were also characterised in terms of nutritional composition, amount of total and reducing sugars, oligosaccharides, proteins, lipids, polyphenols and chlorophyll were obtained. Finally, Chia fiber, Chlorella + Spirulina and Yakon syrup were chosen as prebiotics with best characterisation/properties. In conclusion, a dietary supplement with lyophilized alginate particles containing probiotic cells and with the most appropriate prebiotics were designed. Forms of the product were powder and gummy-bear.

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Katiliūtė, Lina. "Prebiotikų ir probiotikų panaudojimas Lietuvoje gaminamuose pieno produktuose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070417_094418-55446.

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The aim of this work is to collect, analyze and summarize information about prebiotics and probiotics using in producible dairy products in Lithuania, about features and quality of their consumption, production and labeling marking. Prebiotics and probiotics are mostly inserting into dairy products because it results their vitality. In process of this work was done written consumers quiz, sensual analysis of dairy products with prebiotics and probiotics, analysis of requests of labeling marking of those products according valid legislation. On purpose to find out if consumers have enough information about prebiotics and probiotics was preparing the questionnaire. During the poll it was aimed if consumers use products with prebiotics and probiotics. 50 Lithuanian residents were investigated. The data of the poll showed that consumers know about prebiotics and probiotics but not large amount of residents use those products. It is the reason of the deficit of information.-According valid legislation was done sensual analysis of yogurts: were evaluated sensual characteristics of yogurts and sensual descriptive- profiled analysis. Was formed the group of 5 estimators to valuate following characteristics: design, consistency, savour and smell. And was found out the average. During the sensual descriptive- profiled analysis consumers excluded 7 characteristics: sweetness, acidity, consistency, homogeneity, intensity of smell, intensity of savour, residual taste. The average of... [to full text]

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Akoy, Rebin Aswad Mirza. "The effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on gut flora, immune function and blood characteristics of broilers." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3500.

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The microbial populations in the gastrointestinal tracts of poultry play an important role in normal digestive processes and in maintaining animal health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on the growth parameters, gut ecosystem, histology and immune function. In this study, four experiments one in vitro and three in vivo were conducted using specific pathogen free (SPF) and Hubbard broiler chickens. The first experiment was designed to determine the influence of inulin as an effective prebiotic on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, and to screen LAB for selection as a source of chicken probiotic. Eight strains of LAB were isolated from chicken caeca and three strains from the Plymouth University culture collection were screened for potential probiotic properties for growth in inulin from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) and commercial inulin (Frutafit® HD, Netherlands). Lactobacillus animalis JCM 8692 strain isolated from chicken caeca showed the highest auto-aggregation and co-aggregation ability, resistance to acidity and bile salts, strong suppression of pathogens and ability to adhere to epithelial cells compared with other isolated strains. The second experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of commercial inulin and Jerusalem artichoke tubers as prebiotic supplementation on the diversity of the caecal microflora, jejunum histology and immune organ of SPF chickens. This investigation has found that inulin which was extracted from JA had a similar result when compared with commercial inulin and could be a suitable candidate for an inulin source in broiler diets. The third experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of Bactocell® (PRO1) and Lb. animalis (PRO2) as probiotic supplements on broiler chickens. EPEF was significantly increased in probiotic1 and probiotic2 compared with control (311.03, 309.87 and 260.06) respectively. Both types of probiotics supported the growth of chicks healthy and could be a suitable candidate as a source of probiotic in broiler diet. The fourth experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation of a probiotic (Lb. animalis), a prebiotic JA tuber and a combination of both (Synbiotic) in broiler chickens. Growth performance was improved in all additive supplementation compared with the control group. EPEF was increased in probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic compared with control (290.8±11.8, 300.9±3.86, 322.1±7.09 and 262.3±5.94) respectively. Beneficial bacteria in the guts of chicks fed probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic was increased compared with chicks fed control diet. The diversity of microbial population in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens improved due to additives. The intestinal villus lengths and microvilli density was improved in all additives supplementation in comparison with control. Overall, it was concluded that probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotics can positively affect production performance and can improve the gut health.

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Martins, André Rosa. "Conversão de lactose e síntese de galactoologossacarídeos por acão de β-galactosidade e de microrganismos probióticos em bioprocessos simultâneos com catálise e fermentação láctica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2009. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2434.

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Dissertação(mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, 2009.
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Esse projeto desenvolveu um processo simultâneo de catálise e fermentação láctica visando obter um iogurte com características nutracêuticas. O objetivo principal foi avaliar a conversão da lactose e a síntese de galactooligossacarídeos (GOS) para um substrato específico, comparando biocatálises conduzidas simultaneamente à fermentação com os processos sem adição de enzima. A fermentação foi realizada a partir de cultura láctica liofilizada comercial contendo dois microrganismos probióticos, Bifidobacterium animalis e Lactobacillus acidophilus, associados aos microrganismos característicos do iogurte, Lactobacillus delbruekii subs. bulgaricus e Streptococcus salivarius subs. thermophilus. Foi utilizado um preparado enzimático contendo β- galactosidases obtidas de duas origens distintas: Kluyveromyces lactis e Aspergillus niger. Foram avaliados os efeitos das variações da concentração de lactose no substrato, da concentração de enzima e do tempo de adição da enzima em um planejamento experimental 23. As respostas foram o tempo de processo, a lactose final, a conversão da lactose, a densidade, a viscosidade, a sinérese e a concentração de GOS, comparando os processos enzimáticos e fermentativos simultâneos com a fermentação sem a adição de enzima. Os resultados indicaram um percentual de conversão da lactose entre 97,7 e 99,7% e uma produção de GOS nas condições de maior concentração inicial de lactose no substrato, menor concentração de enzima e maior tempo de defasagem na adição da enzima. Os efeitos sobre os parâmetros de textura foram negativos, indicando a necessidade de um acréscimo de agentes espessantes e estabilizantes nos bioprocessos simultâneos, quando do aumento da concentração de enzima. Observou-se, ainda, um impacto positivo no tempo de processamento quando da comparação entre os bioprocessos simultâneos e os processos de múltiplos estágios, na elaboração de fermentados lácticos com baixa concentração de lactose.
This project developed a simultaneous process of catalysis and lactic fermentation aiming to obtain a yogurt with nutraceuticals characteristics. The main objective was the conversion of lactose and the synthesis of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) for a specific substrate, comparing the biocatalysis conducted simultaneously to the fermentation with the processes without adding enzymes. Fermentation started with a commercial lactic lyophilized containing two probiotics microorganisms, Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus, associated with microorganisms characteristics of yogurts, Lactobacillus delbruekii subs. bulgaricus and Streptococcus salivarius substhermophilus. It was used an enzymatic preparation containing β-galactosidases obtained from two distinct sources: Kluyveromyces lactis and Aspergillus niger. It were evaluated the effects of the variation of lactose concentration on the substrate, the enzyme concentration and the time of enzyme addition in an experimental design 23. The results were the process time, final lactose, lactose conversion, density, viscosity, sineresys and GOS concentration, comparing simultaneous enzymatic and fermentation processes with fermentation without the addition of enzymes. Results indicated a lactose conversion percentage between 97,7% and 99,7%, and a production of GOS in the condition of higher initial concentration of lactose in the substrate, lower enzyme concentration and more time of delayed in the addition of enzyme. The effects on texture parameters were negative, indicating the need for an increase of thickening agents and stabilizers in simultaneous bioprocesses when the increasing the enzyme concentration. It was also observed a positive impact on processing time when it was compared the simultaneous bioprocesses with the multiple stages processes in the elaboration of lactic fermented with low concentration of lactose.

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13

Desai, A. R. "Strain identification, viability and probiotics properties of lactobacillus Casei." full-text, 2008. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/1932/1/desai.pdf.

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The objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate differentiation of Lactobacillus casei group by carbohydrate fermentation, PCR, gene sequencing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis, 2) to investigate tolerance of Lactobacillus strains in the presence of acid, bile salts and the or bile salt deconjugation, 3) to investigate viability of freeze dried Lactobacillus strains at various temperature during storage and their proteolytic activity, 4) to investigate the growth, viability and activity of Lactobacillus strains in skim milk containing prebiotics and 5) to investigate in vitro inhibition of Helicobacter pylori by Lactobacillus casei strains.

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Tėvelis, Giedrius. "Probiotinio preparato Baktocell® ir prebiotinio preparato Agrimos® poveikis viščiukų broilerių virškinimo procesams bei jų produktyvumui." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080628_104103-22530.

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1. Probiotinio Bactocell® preparato poveikyje bandymo pabaigoje paukščių svoris buvo 1% didesnis nei I kontrolinės grupės, o lesalų sąnaudos 1 kg priesvorio gauti buvo 4% mažesnės lyginant su I kontroline grupe; 2. Probiotinio Bactocell® + prebiotinio Agrimos® priedų poveikyje bandymo pabaigoje viščiukų broilerių svoris buvo 2% didesnis lyginant su I kontroline grupe, o lesalų sąnaudos 1 kg priesvorio gauti 3% mažesnės nei I kontrolinės grupės; 3. Preparatai Bactocell® ir Agrimos® paukščių išsaugojimui esminės įtakos neturėjo; 4. Preparatai Bactocell® ir Agrimos® liaukinio skrandžio (pars glandularis ventriculi), raumeninio skrandžio (pars muscularis ventriculi), dvylikapirštės žarnos (duodenum), aklųjų maišų (caecum), plonųjų žarnų paskutinio segmento (intestinum tenue), storosios žarnos (intestinum crassum) himusų pH esminės įtakos neturėjo; 5. Ženklus sausųjų medžiagų sumažėjimas iki 5,54% himusuose liaukinio skrandžio (pars glandularis ventriculi), raumeninio skrandžio (pars muscularis ventriculi), dvylikapirštės žarnos (duodenum), aklųjų maišų (caecum), plonųjų žarnų paskutinio segmento (intestinum tenue), storosios žarnos (intestinum crassum) nustatytas, naudojant preparatus Bactocell® + Agrimos® ; 6. Preparatų probiotinio Bactocell® ir probiotinio Bactocell® + prebiotinio Agrimos® poveikyje padidėjo– tiek bendra, tiek ir atskirų riebalų rūgščių koncentracija; 7. Naudojant probiotinį Bactocell® + prebiotinį Agrimos® preparatus amoniako kiekis viščiukų broilerių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The objectives of this work is the analysis of effect of probiotics Bactocell® and prebiotics Agrimos® on process digestive and on productivity of broiler chickens. 800 items of Cobb500 broiler chickens from 1 to 35 days of age were taken, for this research to be made. The birds were divided into 4 treatment groups. They were kept on deep litter, watered from stationary drinking - bowls. They were fed and allocated according to the recommendations of suppliers of broiler cross. Grown and slaughtered broilers were analyzed by evaluation of activity of fermentation, amount of dry substances, pH- level within the alimentary canal. Also, index of growth intensity, feed expenditures were registered. In addition, characteristics of meat of chicken legs and breast were examined on the background of sensual perception. After the research was undertaken, it was determined that after using probiotics Bactocell® and prebiotics Agrimos® the feed expenditure decreased by 1-2 %, whereas, the daily weight increased by 2 – 4 %. level. The influence on the pH- level within the alimentary canal wasn't significant; the level of ammonia and dry substances tended to decrease. Whereas, activity of fermentation was registered as increased. It was determined, the probiotics Bactocell® and prebiotics Agrimoss® treated seed meal hasn't any significant effect for the sensual perception of the meat.

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Vrtná, Monika. "Probiotika a prebiotika - studium účinků, interakcí a možností koenkapsulace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240778.

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This diploma thesis is focused on encapsulation probiotics and co-encapsulation with some types of prebiotics. In theoretical part is aimed to probiotics, their general characteristics and application of probiotics in food industry. There are described prebiotics and their classification, there is described principles of encapsulation and encapsulation techniques. Methods, which are used for analysis of particles and encapsulation components were introduced too. The experimental part describes methods of prebiotics characterization by high performance liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometric methods. Cultivation of probiotics with prebiotics - hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed wad tested. Using flow cytometry cell viability was measured too. Finally probiotics and prebiotics were encapsulated, mainly by encapsulator machine. Long-term stability of particles during 6 week storage was observed. The particles were exposed to effect of artificial intestinal, gastric and bile juices.

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Burns, Anthony J. "Gut lumen factors, including probiotics and prebiotics, influencing faecal water genotoxicity on HT29 cell line using the comet assay." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.232843.

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17

Baffoni, Loredana <1979&gt. "Use of probiotics and prebiotics: a strategy to modulate the intestinal microbiota of poultry and control C. jejuni colonization." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3062/.

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Li, Ye. "Effect of Supplemental Prebiotics, Probiotics and Bioactive Proteins on the Microbiome Composition and Gut Physiology in C57BL6/J Mice." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7552.

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The composition and metabolic activity of the microbiome affect many aspects of health, and there is current interest in dietary constituents that may affect this system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a mix of probiotics, a mix of prebiotics and a bioactive protein fraction on the microbiome, when fed to mice individually and in combination. Mice were fed the total western diet (TWD) supplemented with prebiotics, probiotics, and Tri-Factor (bioactive proteins) individually and in combination for four weeks. Subsequently, effects on the composition of gut microbiome, gut short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, gut inflammation and integrity of the mucosal barrier were analyzed. Ruminococcus gnavus was increased in mice gut microbiome after feeding prebiotics. Bifidobacterium longum was increased after feeding probiotics. Probiotic was associated with higher level of Clostridium neonatale. The treatments affected beta-diversity with exception of Tri-Factor, but not alpha diversity of microbiome. All treatments were associated with lower plasma zonulin, compared to the control group, indicating an effect on gut permeability. There were no treatment effects on cecal or fecal SCFAs, and the treatments did not affect gut inflammation as measured by fecal calprotectin.

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Jawad, Emad. "Technological benefits and potential of incorporation of probiotic bacteria and inulin in soft cheese." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/4377.

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There is an increasing consumer demand for dairy products which are safe and free from additives. Microbial starter strains, in combination with other factors, were studied for their contribution to the control of unwanted microbes, and maintaining the quality of soft cheese. The technological and functional characteristics of the starter culture strains Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, and probiotic bacterial strains Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Lactobacillus casei Shirota were investigated. The tests included the milk fermentation, resistance to salt and heat, bile and acid resistance, and growth at a range of temperatures. The probiotic strains differed in their resistance to salt, bile salts and acid. Inhibitory interactions between probiotic bacterial strains with each other and with starter culture strains were not detected. The probiotic bacteria and starter culture strains used have an ability to grow together on homofermentative and heterofermentative differential agar and fermentation of fructose in different levels. Non-starter cheese (NSC), cheese with starter strains (SCS), and cheese with starter and probiotic strains (PSC) were manufactured. The levels of mesophilic aerobic and lactic acid bacteria, moulds and yeasts, and Enterobacteriaceae were evaluated in all cheeses. Their contents of fat, total solids, salt and pH value were tested during 21 days of storage at 2-5°C. Starter culture strains contributed to maintaining the quality of all cheeses, through decreasing the viable count of some undesirable microbes. Cheeses differed in the intensity of the crumbliness attribute, and in preference and intensity of colour attribute. The colour of starter soft cheese, which was tested using a colorimeter, was closer to the colour of probiotic soft cheese than those cheeses which were manufactured without starter culture. The microbial status, storage conditions, rancidity, and the sensory characteristics of unripened soft cheese, which was manufactured with starter culture strains only, were determined during the storage for 50 days at 2-5°C, as well as during their shelf life for the product. Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) contributed to slowing the growth of unwanted microbes, and decreased the values of TBA, TVB-N and TMA in soft cheese. Consequently, delaying the undesirable changes and maintaining the quality of the product and extending its shelf life, when compared with vacuum, brine, and air packaging methods, under the same storage conditions. Potential effects of inulin on the cheese quality and sensory characteristics of probiotic soft cheese were investigated. The cheeses differed in their loads of lactic acid bacteria, in addition to the total solids and water activity. The levels of probiotic bacterial strains were higher in probiotic soft cheese that manufactured with inulin than in cheese without inulin, with a potential in the formation synbiotic between the probiotic strains LA-5 and BB12 and inulin. Both cheeses were recorded to have high acceptance in the cheese attributes, in terms of appearance, aroma, colour texture and the overall acceptance. The presence of inulin increased the hardness of cheese under vacuum packaging, after storage for 14 days at 2-5°C.

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Iyer, Chandra. "Studies on co-encapsulation of probiotics and prebiotics and its efficacy in survival, delivery, release and immunomodulatory activity in the host intestine." View thesis, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/39088.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2005.
A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, Centre for Plant and Food Science, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.

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21

Schurter, Christine. "Formulation of "Yum-E Tum-E" juice products supplemented with prebiotics and probiotics for pediatric population with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1598654.

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The main objective of this project was to develop juice products supplemented with prebiotics (Low Fermentable Oligo-Di-Monosaccharides and Polyols [FODMAPs]) and probiotics (Lactobacillus) aimed towards children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A review of literature discussed what prebiotics and probiotics are as well as their role in the body’s health. A discussion of IBS was also included.

A fruit juice was created using a formula found on the USDA Nutrient Database from a similar product. Lactobacillus acidophilus was the proposed probiotic to be used in the product. A process flow diagram, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan, nutrition label, and principal display panel (PDP) was developed for the proposed product. Shelf life estimation of the product was proposed through an accelerated shelf life equation. Two sensory evaluation tools were created that can evaluate the product: a ranking test and a 5-point hedonics scale test.

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22

Semaškaitė, Agila. "Probiotikų, prebiotikų ir fermentų įtaka žiurkių ir viščiukų broilerių virškinimo procesams bei viščiukų broilerių produktyvumui." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20081020_091651-71122.

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Darbo tikslas - nustatyti probiotikų, gautų iš pieno rūgšties bakterijų kamieno Pediococcus acidilactici MA 18 5 M, prebiotikų fruktooligosacharidų ir nekrakmolinius polisacharidus skaldančių fermentų įtaką žiurkių ir viščiukų broilerių virškinimo procesams, viščiukų broilerių produktyvumui ir mėsos juslinėms savybėms. Darbo metu atlikti moksliniai eksperimentai siekiant palyginti skirtingų vienkamerinių gyvūnų – žiurkių ir viščiukų broilerių virškinimo procesų kitimą šeriant ir lesinant juos probiotikų, prebiotikų, NKP skaldančių fermentų ir jų kombinacijų priedais. Šiame darbe atlikti išsamūs moksliniai tyrimai, kurių metu pagal vienodas bandymų schemas vykdyti eksperimentai su laboratoriniais gyvūnais (žiurkėmis) ir viščiukais broileriais. Vykdyti palyginamieji tyrimai, kurie gali būti naudojami kaip modelis tiriant naujus pašarų priedus. Pirmą kartą ištirta probiotikų, prebiotikų ir NKP skaldančių fermentų įtaka žiurkių ir viščiukų broilerių aklosios žarnos chimuso bakterinių fermentų, apsprendžiančių kancerogeninių metabolitų susidarymą, aktyvumams ir viščiukų broilerių mėsos juslinėms savybėms. Be to, nustatyta šių zootechninių pašarų priedų įtaka viščiukų broilerių produktyvumui ir jų fiziologinei būklei.
The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of probiotics lactic acid bacteria, produced from strain Pediococcus acidilactici MA 18 5 M, prebiotics fructooligosaccharides and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) hydrolyzing enzymes on digestive processes of rats and broiler chickens, productivity and sensory attributes of the meat of broiler chickens. Three studies to determine the digestive processes of two different species of monogastric animals such as rats and broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with probiotics, prebiotics and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) hydrolyzing enzymes were performed. The studies with laboratory animals (rats) and broiler chickens were performed according to the same experimental scheme. The comparable studies, which can be used as model for analysis of new zootechnical feed additives, were performed for the first time. The effect of probiotics, prebiotics and NSP hydrolyzing enzymes on activity of caecal chymus bacterial enzymes, which might play a role in activation of procarcinogens in large intestine of rats and broiler chickens were determined for the first time. Due to production of health, safe and high quality poultry products, the effects of these zootechnical feed additives on sensory attributes of the meat of broiler chickens were determined for the first time.

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Bakšenskaitė, Rasa. "Preparatų BACTOCELL ir AGRIMOS įtaka lipidų kiekio pokyčiams putpelių (Coturnix coturnix japonica) organizme." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080924_174244-50615.

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Savo darbe tyrėme probiotinio preparato BACTOCELLR ir prebiotinio preparato AGRIMOSR įtaką lipidų kiekio pokyčiams japoninių putpelių (Coturnix coturnix japonica) organizme. Bandymo eigoje buvo tiriami šie rodikliai: bendrųjų lipidų kiekis kraujo serume, trigliceridų kiekis kraujo serume, cholesterolio kiekis kraujo serume, lipidų kiekis raumeniniame skrandyje, lipidų kiekis kepenyse, lipidų kiekis kiaušinio trynyje, vitamino A kiekis kiaušinio trynyje, trynio masė, kiaušinio masė. Atlikus eksperimentą ir išanalizavus tyrimų duomenis nustatyta, kad probiotinio preparato Bactocell ir prebiotinio preparato Agrimos įtakoje: bendrųjų lipidų kiekis kraujo serume bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 11,40 % iki 15,41 %, trigliceridų kiekis kraujo serume bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 1,25 % iki 8,05 %, cholesterolio kiekis kraujo serume bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai mažėjo nuo 2,35 % iki 3,08 %, lipidų kiekis raumeniniame skrandyje bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 16,67 % iki 33,33 %, lipidų kiekis kepenyse bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 14,29 % iki 33,33 %, lipidų kiekis kiaušinių tryniuose bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 7,11 % iki 14,29 %, vitamino A kiekis kiaušinio trynyje bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 8,51 % iki 14,89 %, trynio masė bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 12,93 % iki 20,11 %, kiaušinio masė bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 3,73 % iki 11,45 %, lyginant su... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
We investigated and presented in this paper the influence of probiotic preparation BACTOCELLR and prebiotic preparation AGRIMOSR on the lipid quantity changes in the organisms of Japanese quails. During the experiment the following readings were examined: the total lipid quantity in the blood serum, the quantity of triglicerids in the blood serum, the quantity of cholesterol in blood serum, the quantity of lipids in the muscular stomach, the quantity of lipids in the liver, the quantity of lipids in egg yolk, the quantity of vitamin A in the egg yolk, egg yolk weight, and egg weight. After the experiment and data analysis we discovered that under the influence of probiotic preparation BACTOCELLR and prebiotic preparation AGRIMOSR, in comparison with the check-group, the total quantity of lipids in the blood serum of experimental groups raised from 11,40 % to 15,41 %; the quantity of triglicerids in the blood serum of experimental groups raised from 1,25 % to 8,05 %; the quantity of cholesterol in the blood serum of experimental groups fell from 2,35 % to 3,08 %; the quantity of lipids in the muscular stomach of experimental groups raised from 16,67 % to 33,33 %, the quantity of lipids in the liver of experimental groups fell from 14,29 % to 33,33 %, the quantity of lipids in the egg yolk of experimental groups raised from 7,11 % to 14,29 %; the quantity of vitamin A in the egg yolk of experimental groups raised from 8,51 % to 14,89 %, the yolk weight of experimental groups... [to full text]

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24

Mugambi, Mary Letizia Nkatha. "Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics use in neonates : a critical appraisal of the evidence and evaluation of its application by the food industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86363.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Synbiotics, probiotics and prebiotics are being added to infant formula. This study was an in-depth evaluation of research on infants fed infant formula containing synbiotics, probiotics or prebiotics and was carried out in two phases. Phase one included two systematic reviews that assessed if synbiotics, probiotics or prebiotics led to improved growth and clinical outcomes in formula fed full term and preterm infants. Phase two included two studies: A systematic review compared the methodological quality and outcomes of industry and non-industry sponsored randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and a descriptive study evaluated how the food industry applies the knowledge and evidence gained from probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics research in infants. The research questions were: Does the consumption of probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics supplemented infant formula lead to improved clinical outcomes in infants? Is there an association between source of funding and methodological quality, clinical outcomes and author’s conclusions in trials using probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics supplemented formula in infants? Does the food industry use the evidence gained through probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics research trials on infants for the benefit of the general paediatric population? The hypotheses were: Consumption of probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics by infants leads to improved clinical outcomes; The source of funding in research trials using probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics supplemented formula in infants is associated with outcomes in favour of the sponsor’s products and authors’ conclusions; Methodological qualities of non-industry sponsored trials are equivalent to industry sponsored trials; Evidence gathered through probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics research is implemented by the food industry. Methods: Phase one: Both systematic reviews on preterm and full term infants: Cochrane methodology was followed using RCTs which compared preterm or full term formula containing probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics to conventional infant formula with / without placebo among healthy preterm or full term infants. The mean difference (MD) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported for continuous outcomes, risk ratio (RR) and corresponding 95% CI for dichotomous outcomes. Phase two: In the systematic review, Cochrane methodology was used to assess the risk of bias of included RCTs. Association between source of funding and risk of bias, clinical outcomes and conclusions were assessed. In the descriptive study, all listed companies that manufacture infant food products with added synbiotics, probiotics or prebiotics for infants were identified and invited to participate. A letter of invitation was sent and if they expressed willingness to take part in the study, a questionnaire with a written consent form was sent. Descriptive statistics and associations between categorical variables were to be tested using a Chi-square test. Results: Phase one: Review on preterm infants: 8 studies were included. Probiotics increased stool frequency with no effect on other clinical outcomes. Prebiotics increased stool frequency and bifidobacteria counts only. Review on full term infants: 25 studies were included. Synbiotics improved stool frequency but had no effect on other clinical outcomes. Probiotics did not have an effect on any clinical outcome. Prebiotics increased weight gain and stool frequency with no effect on other outcomes. Phase two: Systematic review: 67 studies were included, majority were funded by food industry. There was no significant association between the source of funding and four domains (sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, selective reporting), majority of reported clinical outcomes or authors’ conclusions. Source of funding was significantly associated with two domains (incomplete outcome data, free of other bias), antibiotic use and conclusions on weight gain. Descriptive study: 25 companies were identified and invited to participate. No company agreed to participate in the survey for different reasons. Conclusions Phase one: Review on preterm infants: There is not enough evidence to state that supplementation with probiotics or prebiotics results in improved growth and clinical outcomes in exclusively formula fed preterm infants. Review on full term infants: There is not enough evidence to state that supplementation of term infant formula with synbiotics, probiotics or prebiotics does result in improved growth or clinical outcomes in term infants. There is no data available to establish if synbiotics are superior to probiotics or prebiotics. Phase two: Systematic review: In RCTs on infants fed infant formula containing probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics, the source of funding does not influence majority of outcomes in favour of the sponsors’ products. More non-industry funded research is needed to further assess the impact of funding on reported clinical outcomes and authors’ conclusions. Descriptive study: Due to companies refusing to participate in this study, no conclusion could be drawn on how the food industry applies evidence gained through probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics research on infants. More transparency is needed from the infant formula manufactures on how they apply the evidence gained from probiotic, prebiotic or synbiotic research on infants.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond Synbiotika, probiotika en prebiotika word gereeld by baba formule gevoeg. Hierdie studie was 'n in-diepte evaluering van navorsing oor babas gevoed met formule melk wat synbiotika, probiotika of prebiotika bevat en is uitgevoer in twee fases. Fase een het twee sistematiese oorsigte ingesluit wat die rol van synbiotika, probiotika en prebiotika op verbeterde groei en kliniese uitkomste van formule gevoede volterm babas en vroeg gebore babas evalueer het. Fase twee het bestaan uit twee studies: 'n sistematiese oorsig wat die metodologiese kwaliteit en uitkomste van die bedryf en nie-bedryf geborgde ewekansige gekontroleerde proewe (RCTs) evalueer het, asook 'n beskrywende studie wat die kennis en toepassing van bewyse oor die effektiewiteit van probiotika, prebiotika of synbiotika in die voedsel industrie bestudeer het. Die hipotese stellings was: verbruik van probiotika, prebiotika of synbiotika by babas lei tot verbeterde kliniese uitkomste; die bron van befondsing vir synbiotics, probiotika of prebiotika navorsing beïnvloed uitkomste ten gunste van die borg se produkte; bewyse ingesamel deur middel van probiotika, prebiotika en synbiotika navorsing word geïmplementeer deur die voedselindustrie. Metodes Fase een: Beide sistematiese oorsigte op volterm en premature babas: Cochrane metodes is gevolg deur ewekansige, gekontroleerde studies wat vol termyn of premature formule met probiotika, prebiotika of synbiotika met konvensionele baba formule met / sonder plasebo onder gesonde volterm of premature babas bestudeer. Die gemiddelde verskil (MD) en die ooreenstemmende 95% vertrouensintervalle is gebruik vir deurlopende uitkomste, risiko verhouding (RR) en die ooreenstemmende 95% CI vir tweeledige uitkomste. Fase twee: In die sistematiese oorsig is Cochrane metodiek gebruik om die risiko van vooroordeel van ingesluite ewekansige, gekontroleerde studies te evalueer. Assosiasie tussen bron van befondsing en die risiko van vooroordeel, asook kliniese uitkomste en gevolgtrekkings was beoordeel. In die beskrywende studie, is alle genoteerde maatskappye wat babavoeding produkte vervaardig met bygevoegde synbiotika, probiotika of prebiotika vir babas geïdentifiseer en uitgenooi om deel te neem. 'n Uitnodigingsbrief is vir die relevante maatskappye gestuur om hul bereidwilligheid om deel te neem te bevestig. Indien hulle wel bereid was om deel te neem was 'n vraelys met 'n skriftelike toestemming vorm gestuur. Beskrywende statistiek en assosiasies tussen kategoriese veranderlikes was getoets met behulp van 'n Chi-kwadraat toets. Resultate Fase een: Oorsig oor premature babas: 8 studies was ingesluit. Probiotika verhoog stoelgang frekwensie met geen effek op ander kliniese uitkomste. Prebiotika verhoog ook stoelgang frekwensie en slegs bifidobakteriële tellings. Oorsig oor die vol termyn babas: 25 studies was ingesluit. Synbiotika verbeter stoelgang frekwensie, maar het geen effek op ander kliniese uitkomste gehad nie. Probiotika het nie 'n effek op enige kliniese uitkoms gehad nie. Prebiotika verhoog gewigstoename en stoelgang frekwensie met geen effek op ander uitkomste. Fase twee: Sistematiese oorsig: 67 studies was ingesluit, en die meerderheid was befonds deur die voedsel bedryf. Daar was geen beduidende assosiasie tussen die bron van befondsing en vier gebiede (toekenningsvolgorde, toekenningsverberging, studie verblinding, selektiewe verslaggewing), en die meerderheid van gerapporteerde kliniese uitkomste of skrywers se gevolgtrekkings. Die bron van befondsing was beduidend verbind met twee gebiede (onvolledige uitslag data, vry van ander vooroordeel), antibiotika gebruik en gevolgtrekkings op gewigstoename. Beskrywende studie: 25 maatskappye is geïdentifiseer en genooi om deel te neem. Geen maatskappy het ingestem om deel te neem aan die studie om verskillende redes. Gevolgtrekkings Fase een: Oorsig oor premature babas: Daar is nie genoeg bewyse dat die aanvulling met probiotika of prebiotika resultate in verbeterde groei en kliniese uitkomste in uitsluitlik formule gevoede premature babas tot gevolg het nie. Oorsig oor die volle termyn babas: Daar is nie genoeg bewyse om te sê dat die aanvulling van term baba formule met synbiotika, probiotika of prebiotika lei tot verbeterde groei of kliniese uitkomste in termyn babas. Daar is geen inligting beskikbaar om te stel of synbiotika beter is as probiotika of prebiotika nie. Fase twee: Sistematiese oorsig: In studies op babas gevoed met formule melk wat probiotika, prebiotika of synbiotika bevat het, het die bron van befondsing nie meerderheid van die uitkomste in die guns van die borge se produkte beïnvloed nie. Meer nie-industrie befondsde navorsing is nodig om verder die impak van befondsing op kliniese uitkomste en skrywers se gevolgtrekkings te evalueer. Beskrywende studie: Aangesien al die maatskappy deelname geweier het, kon geen gevolgtrekking gemaak word of die voedsel bedryf bewyse oor die gebruik van probiotika, prebiotika of synbiotika toepas nie. Meer deursigtigheid is nodig van die formule vervaardigers oor hoe hulle die bewyse oor die gebruik van probiotika, prebiotika of synbiotika toepas.

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Steer, Toni. "Bacteriology of dietary anti-carcinogens in relation to colon cancer and the potential use of dietary intervention : effects of prebiotics and probiotics." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272262.

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GUIDESI, ELENA. "Approccio integrato alla selezione di nuovi probiotici per l'applicazione nell'uomo." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10796.

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Durante la mia tesi di dottorato ho selezionato nuovi potenziali ceppi probiotici, combinando l'approccio convenzionale con l’utilizzo di piattaforme di nuova concezione. Mi sono concentrata inizialmente sul cosiddetto "screening tradizionale" finalizzato all'isolamento di nuovi ceppi batterici di lattobacilli e bifidobatteri e alla valutazione della loro sicurezza per il consumo umano e della loro efficacia. I ceppi selezionati sono stati quindi sottoposti ad uno screening più specifico, a seconda dell'applicazione a cui sarebbero stati destinati. In questa fase sono stati utilizzati sia test in vitro che modelli animali, al fine di valutare l'applicabilità dei ceppi di recente selezionati come probiotici per la promozione della salute umana e il loro possibile impiego in campo alimentare. Ho valutato il potenziale utilizzo dei ceppi nell’integrazione alimentare di soggetti che seguono diete ad alto contenuto proteico per ridurre il rischio di accumulo intestinale di ammine biogene, e ho individuato un ceppo di Lactobacillus con presunta attività ammino-degradativa. L'obiettivo principale di un’altra attività di screening è stato lo studio degli effetti immunomodulanti di nuovi ceppi: combinazioni di probiotici sono risultati buoni candidati per il trattamento delle malattie infiammatorie e autoimmuni (miastenia grave e sclerosi multipla) nel modello di topo. Infine, i ceppi sono stati sottoposti a screening per una potenziale applicazione in campo alimentare, finalizzata ad indagare la possibilità di produrre formulazioni di probiotici “atomizzati” da utilizzare insieme alla base commerciale del gelato.
During my PhD thesis I screened new potential probiotic strains by combining conventional approach to newly designed platforms. I focused first on the so-called "conventional screening” aimed to the isolation of new bacterial strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and to assess their safety for human consumption and their efficacy by in-vitro methods. Selected strains were then submitted to a targeted screening by specifically designed models, depending on the application to which they would be destined. These models combined in vitro tests and animal models in order to assess the applicability of newly selected strains as probiotics for the promotion of human health and their possible use in food field. I evaluated the potential use of strains in the food supplementation of subjects that follow high-protein diets to reduce the risk of intestinal accumulation of biogenic amines, and I identified a strain of Lactobacillus with alleged amino degradative activity. The main objective of another screening activity was the study of the immunoregulatory effects of new strains: combinations of probiotics resulted good promising candidates for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis) in rat model. Finally, strains were screened for a potential application in food field, in order to investigate the possibility of producing spray-dried probiotic formulations to be used together with commercial ice-cream bases.

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Adami, Angélica Aparecida Vieira. "Estudo in vitro do comportamento simbiótico de linhagens probióticas na presença de oligossacarídeos." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254218.

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Orientadores: Gláucia Maria Pastore, Rosângela dos Santos
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Estudos sao realizados com oligossacarideos, probioticos e a combinação deles; sao varios os fatores que envolvem os beneficios que estes em combinacao podem agregar para a saude dos consumidores. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento simbiotico in vitro das linhagens probioticas Bifidobacterium animalis (Bb-12) e Lactobacillus acidophillus (LA-05), em substratos enriquecidos com oligossacarideos, ou seja, avaliar se esses potencializavam a capacidade probiotica das linhagens estudadas. Os oligossacarideos utilizados no estudo foram o galactooligossacarideo (GOS) sintetizado pela ?-galactosidase de Scopulariops sp., frutooligossacarideo (FOSOrafti) e extrato bruto de Yacon. Avaliou-se o efeito bifidogenico de diferentes concentracoes de GOS, FOS e Yacon utilizando as culturas probioticas e sua capacidade de acidificacao do meio. Foi avaliado o perfil hidrofobico e acido da membrana celular dos probioticos usando meio enriquecido com GOS, FOS e controle meio MRS (Man Rogosa e Sharpe) sem fonte de dextrose; pelo método MATH (aderencia microbiana de hidrocarbonetos). Realizou-se tambem a producao, extracao e quantificacao de exopolissacarideos (EPS) por Lactobacillus acidophillus (LA-05) em meios enriquecidos com FOS e GOS, a quantificacao foi pelo metodo fenol-sulfurico seguida de leitura de absorbancia a 490nm, os resultados foram submetidos a uma curva padrao de glicose. Verificou-se ainda o antagonismo das linhagens probioticas cultivadas em meios suplementados com GOS, FOS, Yacon, MRS sem fonte de dextrose e controle MRS adicionado de NaOH, sobre linhagens patogenicas; o antagonismo foi avaliado atraves do metodo de difusao em agar. Avaliou tambem a capacidade de producao de acido latico. Na avaliacao bifidogenica os resultados revelaram que os substratos estimularam o metabolismo dos probioticos estudados. A melhor atividade para as linhagem de Lactobacillus acidophillus (LA-05) foi com o substrato GOS com atividade de 11,56 LogUFC (na concentracao de 200mg de GOS, em 12 horas de incubacao), e para e Bifidobacterium animalis (Bb12) foi com o substrato FOS com atividade de 11,3 LogUFC (na concentracao de 100mg FOS, em 12 horas de incubacao), na medida que se aumentou a concentracao dos substratos, houve a reducao da atividade bifidogenica. Os resultados revelaram que os prebioticos GOS e FOS estimularam o perfil de adesao e acidez da membrana celular das linhagens probioticas estudadas, quando comparado com o controle meio MRS sem fonte de dextrose. Quanto a producao de EPS, o maior valor (13,53 \g.mL) foi obtido apos 48 horas de cultivo em caldo MRS suplementado com GOS (25% v/v), enquanto que o FOS (25% v/v) tambem estimulou a producao (7,68 \g.mL) em 12 horas, seguida da queda de producao apos este periodo. Verificou-se que os oligossacarideos estimularam a acao antagonica dos probioticos sobre os micro-organismos patogenicos, e que esta inibicao do crescimento pode estar ligada com a producao de acidos pelos probioticos em conjunto com os oligossacarideos. Em sintese, os resultados revelaram que os oligossacarideos estimularam o potencial probiotico das linhagens estudadas
Abstract: Several studies have been conducted with oligosaccharides in general and also with probiotics, or combination of them, due to factors involving the combined benefits they can add to the health of consumers. This research aimed to evaluate in vitro the behavior of symbiotic probiotic strains Bifidobacterium animalis (Bb-12) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-05), on substrates enriched with oligosaccharides in the case to assess whether the oligosaccharides intensified the ability of probiotic strains studied. The oligosaccharides used in this study were synthesized by the galactooligosaccharide ?-galactosidase Scopulariops sp., fructooligosaccharide and crude extract of yacon. We evaluated the bifidogenic effect of different concentrations of GOS, FOS and Yacon using probiotic cultures and their ability to acidification of the medium. Was evaluated the profile acid and hydrophobic cellular membrane of probiotics using medium supplemented with GOS, FOS and control MRS medium without added dextrose; MATH method (microbial adherence to hydrocarbons). Was also conducted production, extraction and quantification of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-05) media supplemented with FOS and GOS, quantification was by the phenolsulfuric method followed by absorbance reading at 490nm, the results were subjected to a standard curve of glucose. It was further antagonism of probiotic strains grown in media supplemented with GOS, FOS, yacon, MRS without dextrose and source control MRS added NaOH on pathogenic strains; antagonism was assessed by the agar diffusion method; also evaluated the ability to produce lactic acid. In evaluating the results revealed that bifidogenic substrates stimulated metabolism studied probiotics, the best activity for the strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-05) was the substrate with GOS activity of 11.56 LogUFC (200mg in 12 hours incubation), and for and Bifidobacterium animalis (Bb-12) was with the FOS substrate with activity of 11.3 LogUFC (100mg in 12 hours incubation), as it increased the concentration of the substrates decreased the activity of microorganisms. The results revealed that prebiotic GOS and FOS stimulated acid profile of adhesion and cell membrane of probiotic strains studied, as compared to the MRS control medium without added dextrose. As for the highest production of EPS production (13.53 ?g.ml) was after 48 hours of culture in MRS broth supplemented with GOS, while also stimulated FOS production (7.68 ?g.ml) for 12 hours followed by production decrease thereafter. It was found that the oligosaccharides stimulated antagonistic action of probiotics on pathogenic microorganisms and that this growth inhibition is connected with acid production by probiotics together with the oligosaccharides. In summary, the results revealed that the oligosaccharides stimulated the potential probiotic strains studied
Mestrado
Ciência de Alimentos
Mestra em Ciência de Alimentos

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CAETANO, Heliard Rodrigues dos Santos. "Efeitos dos alimentos funcionais no tecido muscular esquelético de ratos expostos cronicamente a fumaça de cigarro." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2017. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1036.

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Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 8). The animals were fed standard diet, or supplemented with probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic and exposed or not to passive smoking. After 180 days of exposure to cigarette smoke, samples from the soleus muscle were collected for histological analysis and after staining with Hematoxylin Eosin, the captured images were submitted to fractal dimension analysis. For normality of the data by the Shapiro Wilk test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), post test of Tukey (p <0.05). The results revealed a significant increase in the fractal dimension of the HE stained section of the soleus muscle of rats poisoned by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke. The groups supplemented with functional, probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic foods and smokers presented a significant decrease in the fractal dimension when compared to the smoking control group and did not differ from the non - smoking experimental groups (p> 0.05). The results obtained provide convincing evidence that chronic exposure to passive smoking in rats, as an experimental model in vivo, induces inflammatory changes. Functional foods, probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic, and supplemented in the diet, bioremediation the inflammation, due to chronic passive exposure to smoking. The fractal dimension revealed to be a tool capable of quantifying inflammatory alterations in the soleus skeletal muscle.
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar através da análise da dimensão fractal os efeitos dos alimentos funcionais probióticos, prebióticos e simbióticos no tecido muscular esquelético em ratos expostos cronicamente a fumaça do cigarro. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos alimentos funcionais, probiótico, prebiótico e simbiótico, no músculo esquelético, sóleo, em ratos expostos cronicamente a fumaça de cigarro, através da análise da dimensão fractal. Ratos Wistar machos foram randomicamente divididos em oito grupos (n=8). Os animais foram alimentados com dieta padrão, ou suplementados com probiótico, prebiótico e simbiótico e expostos ou não ao tabagismo passivo. Após 180 dias de exposição à fumaça de cigarro, amostras do músculo sóleo foram colhidas para analise histológica e após coloração com Hematoxilina e Eosina, as imagens capturadas foram submetidas à análise da dimensão fractal. Para normalidade dos dados pelo teste de Shapiro Wilk, e análise de variância (ANOVA), post teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Os resultados revelaram que o GCT obteve maior valor de dimensão fractal (DF) de 1.353 ± 61 apresentando diferença significativa dos demais grupos expostos e não expostos a fumaça do cigarro das secções corada em HE do músculo sóleo dos ratos submetidos a exposição crônica a fumaça do cigarro. Os grupos suplementados com alimentos funcionais, GPRO 1.213 ± 69, GPRE 1.258 ± 78 e GSIM 1.271 ± 64, e GPROT 1.326 ± 59, GPRET 1.293 ± 59 e GSIMT 1.330 ± 46 apresentaram uma diminuição significativa da média da dimensão fractal quando comparado ao GCT e não diferiram dos grupos experimentais não tabagistas (p>0,05). Concluindo que a exposição crônica ao tabagismo passivo em ratos, como modelo experimental, induz alterações degenerativas, e os alimentos funcionais, probiótico, prebiótico e simbiótico, suplementados na ração, bioremediaram a degeneração, decorrente da exposição crônica passiva ao tabagismo. A dimensão fractal revelou ser uma ferramenta capaz de quantificar alterações inflamatórias no músculo esquelético sóleo.

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Souza, Aline Francisca de. "Estudo da viabilidade de microrganismos probióticos encapsulados em matriz polimérica natural contendo ingredientes prebióticos e fibras alimentares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97132/tde-03122015-154309/.

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A saúde e o bem estar estão diretamente relacionados com a alimentação saudável. O consumo de alimentos funcionais como fibras, ingredientes prebióticos e probióticos pode promover diversos benefícios para a saúde, como a melhoria do funcionamento do organismo e a prevenção de diversas doenças. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o encapsulamento de Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV H2B20 em matriz polimérica natural constituída por alginato e farinhas de banana verde, maracujá, feijão branco, maçã e laranja. Para tanto, foi realizado planejamento fatorial 24 completo visando a identificação dos parâmetros que influenciam na eficiência do encapsulamento em diferentes matrizes poliméricas e na viabilidade celular do micro-organismo probiótico estudado. As variáveis independentes estudadas foram velocidade de agitação, volume de tween 80, alginato e farinhas funcionais. Os resultados demonstraram que a técnica de emulsificação utilizada apresentou alta eficiência de encapsulamento (acima de 80 %) das células de L. delbrueckii UFV H2B20 nas diferentes matrizes poliméricas estudadas. A análise dos resultados mostrou que os principais parâmetros que afetaram a microencapsulação de L. delbrueckii UFV H2B20 foram a velocidade de agitação e a concentração de alginato. Em condições de fluido gástrico simulado (FGS), somente as microcápsulas constituídas de alginato e farinha de banana verde ou maracujá apresentaram sobrevivência média de 60,5 % e 41,0 %, respectivamente, após 30 minutos de exposição ao FGS, sendo selecionadas para os estudos posteriores. A adição de inulina à matriz polimérica contendo alginato e farinha de banana verde ou maracujá apresentou eficiência de encapsulamento acima de 80 %, porém não conferiu proteção às células quando expostas a condições de FGS. Verificou-se também que após 28 dias de armazenamento, a 4°C ou em sorvete a -18°C, a sobrevivência das células de L. delbrueckii UFV H2B20 microencapsuladas em matriz contendo farinha de banana verde ou maracujá foi superior a 90 %. A adição de sacarose ou leite desnatado reconstituído na referida matriz não interferiu significativamente na proteção das células microencapsuladas quando armazenadas a 4° C ou em sorvete a -18°C. Estes resultados revelaram que as farinhas de banana verde e maracujá, quando associadas ao alginato de sódio, são promissoras para a microencapsulação de bactérias probióticas, nas condições do presente trabalho.
Health and wellness are directly related to the consumption of healthy foods containing functional ingredients such as fibers, pre- and probiotics, which promote many health benefits, regarding body functions and prevention of several diseases. Therefore, this work aimed to study the encapsulation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV H2B20, by emulsification technique, in natural polymeric matrices composed of alginate and flours of pulp of unripe banana, passion fruit husk, integral white beans, bagasse of apple and orange. The experiments were undertaken based on a 24 factorial design in order to identify the parameters that affect the encapsulation efficiency in different polymer matrices and microorganisms viability, as well. It was studied the effect of stirring speed, and concentrations of Tween 80, sodium alginate and the mentioned functional flours. The results showed that the emulsification technique showed high encapsulation efficiency (> 80%) of the Lactobacillus cells in the different polymer matrices evaluated. In addition, the main parameters that affected microencapsulation of L. delbrueckii UFV H2B20 included stirring speed and alginate concentration. Regarding the \"simulated gastric fluid\" (SGF) assays, microcapsules made of alginate, and flours of pulp of unripe banana or husk of passion fruit showed cell survival average than 60,5 % and 41,0 %, respectively, after 30 minutes of exposure to SGF, being selected for further studies. Although the addition of inulin to the polymeric matrix containing alginate and flour of unripe banana pulp or husk of passionfruit presented encapsulation efficiency higher than 80%, they did not show any protection effect to the cells when exposed to SGF. It was also showed, after 28 days of storage at 4 °C or in ice cream at -18 °C, that the cell survival of L. delbrueckii UFV H2B20 microencapsulated in matrices containing flours of unripe banana pulp or husk of passion fruit was higher than 90%. The addition of sucrose or reconstituted skim milk in these matrixes, as thermoprotector, did not interfere significantly in the protection of microencapsulated cells when stored at 4 °C or -18 °C. These results revealed that flours made of unripe banana pulp and husk of passion fruit, when combined with sodium alginate, represent a promising alternative for microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria under the conditions evaluated in this work.

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Santesson, Sara. "Prebiotic oligosaccharides and their fermentation products in a novel putative probiotic strain from the genus Weissella." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67151.

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Our large intestine is like a large metabolic organ colonised by microorganisms. Beneficial probiotic bacteria are of interest since they might metabolise certain prebiotic carbohydrates and produce metabolites that are suggested to promote health and prevent diseases. Strains of Weissella have proven probiotic properties since they, for example, show ability to metabolise prebiotic oligosaccharides, are resistant to a low pH (pH 2-3) and bile salt. In a previous project, six new strains of Weissella were isolated from Indian fermented food and vegetables, and four of them, including strain 92, were able to ferment xylooligosaccharides and form short chain fatty acids (SCFA), especially acetic acid. This strengthened the probiotic potential of these strains. The aim of this project was to see if previously untested oligosaccharides (arabinooligosaccharides (AOS), laminarioligosaccharides (LOS) and chitooligosaccharides (COS)) could be metabolised by Weissella strain 92. This study includes the following steps; cell growth in MRS (De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) medium on different carbohydrates measured with spectrophotometer, pH measurement (analysing the difference of MRS medium (pH 6.42) pre and post cell growth, where reduced pH indicates acid production), and analysis of fermentation products (including SCFA (short chain fatty acids, e.g. acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid), lactic acid and ethanol) with an HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) instrument. This research study has shown that Weissella strain 92 produces acetic and butyric acid as a consequence of use of AOS, LOS and COS, this indicates that the oligosaccharides are prebiotic and emphasizes the probiotic potential of Weissella strain 92.

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FALVO, Adriano. "Alimentos Funcionais Atenuam os Efeitos Tóxicos à Exposição Crônica da Fumaça do Cigarro nos Testiculos e Epididimo de Ratos." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2017. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1055.

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cigarette smoking accounts for 5 million annual deaths. Cigarette smoke causes malevolent effects in many other systems, including the male reproductive system and functional foods that may mitigate the toxic effects of cigarette smoking. The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible attenuating effects of prebiotic, probiotic and symbiotic oral supplementation on the testis and epididymis of growing rats exposed to cigarette smoke. To perform the present study, 72 male rats were randomly divided into eight groups: control; probiotic; Prebiotic (MOS); Symbiotic; Smoking Control; Prebiotic Tobacco; Probiotic Smoking; And Smoking Symbiotic. The animals in the smoking groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for one hour daily, divided into two 30-minute periods, five days a week. After the experimental period, the animals were anesthetized, sacrificed, the testes and epididymides were removed. Microscopic lesions were analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test or G test at 5% significance. The results showed that the smoking groups had a higher prevalence of lesions in the testes and epididymis when compared to the control groups. Functional, prebiotic, probiotic, and symbiotic foods attenuated the harmful effects of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke in the testis and epididymis. The results allow us to state that functional, probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic foods can attenuate the chronic harmful effects of passive smoking on the testis and epididymis of rats during the growth phase.
Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), o cigarro é responsável por 5 milhões de mortes anuais. A fumaça do cigarro causa efeitos maléficos em muitos outros sistemas, incluindo entre eles o sistema reprodutor masculino e alimentos funcionais podem atenuar os efeitos tóxicos do tabagismo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o investigar os possíveis efeitos atenuadores da suplementação oral do prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico sobre o testículo e epidídimo de ratos em fase de crescimento expostos à fumaça de cigarro. Para realização do presente estudo, foram utilizados 72 ratos machos, divididos aleatoriamente em oito grupos: controle; probiótico; prebiótico (MOS); Simbiótico; Controle Tabagista; Prebiótico Tabagista; Probiótico Tabagista; e Simbiótico Tabagista. Os animais dos grupos tabagistas foram expostos a fumaça de cigarro por uma hora diária, divididos em dois períodos de 30 minutos, cinco dias por semana. Após o período experimental, os animais foram anestesiados, sacrificados, os testículos e epidídimos foram retirados. As lesões microscópicas foram analisadas por meio do teste do qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher ou teste G a 5% de significância. Os resultados revelaram que os grupos tabagistas apresentaram uma maior prevalência de lesões nos testículos e epidídimo, quando comparados com os grupos controle. Os alimentos funcionais, prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico, atenuaram os efeitos nocivos da exposição crônica a fumaça do cigarro no testículo e epidídimo. Os resultados obtidos nos permitem afirmar que os alimentos funcionais, probiótico, prebiótico e simbiótico, podem atenuar os efeitos crônicos nocivos do tabagismo passivo no testículo e epidídimo de ratos na fase de crescimento.

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32

FALVO, Adriano. "Alimentos funcionais atenuam os efeitos tóxicos à exposição crônica da fumaça do cigarro nos testículos e epidídimo de ratos." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2017. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1049.

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Submitted by Adriana Martinez (amartinez@unoeste.br) on 2017-08-31T19:57:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriano Falvo.pdf: 404274 bytes, checksum: 74011dfc5c8eaacfcb256865f54e7bb3 (MD5)
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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cigarette smoking accounts for 5 million annual deaths. Cigarette smoke causes malevolent effects in many other systems, including the male reproductive system and functional foods that may mitigate the toxic effects of cigarette smoking. The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible attenuating effects of prebiotic, probiotic and symbiotic oral supplementation on the testis and epididymis of growing rats exposed to cigarette smoke. To perform the present study, 72 male rats were randomly divided into eight groups: control; probiotic; Prebiotic (MOS); Symbiotic; Smoking Control; Prebiotic Tobacco; Probiotic Smoking; And Smoking Symbiotic. The animals in the smoking groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for one hour daily, divided into two 30-minute periods, five days a week. After the experimental period, the animals were anesthetized, sacrificed, the testes and epididymides were removed. Microscopic lesions were analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test or G test at 5% significance. The results showed that the smoking groups had a higher prevalence of lesions in the testes and epididymis when compared to the control groups. Functional, prebiotic, probiotic, and symbiotic foods attenuated the harmful effects of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke in the testis and epididymis. The results allow us to state that functional, probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic foods can attenuate the chronic harmful effects of passive smoking on the testis and epididymis of rats during the growth phase.
Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), o cigarro é responsável por 5 milhões de mortes anuais. A fumaça do cigarro causa efeitos maléficos em muitos outros sistemas, incluindo entre eles o sistema reprodutor masculino e alimentos funcionais podem atenuar os efeitos tóxicos do tabagismo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o investigar os possíveis efeitos atenuadores da suplementação oral do prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico sobre o testículo e epidídimo de ratos em fase de crescimento expostos à fumaça de cigarro. Para realização do presente estudo, foram utilizados 72 ratos machos, divididos aleatoriamente em oito grupos: controle; probiótico; prebiótico (MOS); Simbiótico; Controle Tabagista; Prebiótico Tabagista; Probiótico Tabagista; e Simbiótico Tabagista. Os animais dos grupos tabagistas foram expostos a fumaça de cigarro por uma hora diária, divididos em dois períodos de 30 minutos, cinco dias por semana. Após o período experimental, os animais foram anestesiados, sacrificados, os testículos e epidídimos foram retirados. As lesões microscópicas foram analisadas por meio do teste do qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher ou teste G a 5% de significância. Os resultados revelaram que os grupos tabagistas apresentaram uma maior prevalência de lesões nos testículos e epidídimo, quando comparados com os grupos controle. Os alimentos funcionais, prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico, atenuaram os efeitos nocivos da exposição crônica a fumaça do cigarro no testículo e epidídimo. Os resultados obtidos nos permitem afirmar que os alimentos funcionais, probiótico, prebiótico e simbiótico, podem atenuar os efeitos crônicos nocivos do tabagismo passivo no testículo e epidídimo de ratos na fase de crescimento.

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Vieira, Antonio Diogo Silva. "Desenvolvimento de queijo caprino tipo petit-suisse simbiótico com polpa de açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9133/tde-17012014-132303/.

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Os objetivos do trabalho foram desenvolver um queijo petit-suisse simbiótico a partir de leite de cabra e polpa de açaí, com a cultura probiótica Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-37 e os prebióticos inulina e fruto-oligossacarideos (FOS), verificar a viabilidade e sobrevivência do probiótico no produto e frente às condições gástricas e entéricas simuladas in vitro e avaliar as características dos queijos ao longo de seu armazenamento a 4ºC, bem como comparar o queijo petit-suisse simbiótico de cabra com o similar produzido a partir de leite de vaca. O delineamento experimental consistiu-se de três tipos de queijo petit-suisse caprino, em triplicata, todos utilizando S.thermophilus TA-40 como cultura starter: QCC = controle; QCP = probiótico (com cultura probiótica LPC-37); QCS = queijo simbiótico (com LPC-37 + prebióticos). Os queijos foram armazenados a 4ºC e analisados semanalmente por até 28 dias. Adicionalmente, para fins de comparação com o QCS, foi, também, produzido um queijo similar com leite de vaca: QVS = queijo simbiótico de leite de vaca (com culturas starter e probiótica LPC-37 + prebióticos). A viabilidade dos probióticos e da cultura starter, a sobrevivência in vitro do probiótico incorporado aos produtos frente às condições gastrintestinais simuladas, bem como as análises de pH, acidez titulável e dureza instrumental dos queijos foram monitorados no produto final e semanalmente até 28 dias de armazenamento. A partir de amostras do dia 1 de armazenamento mantidas congeladas e liofilizadas, respectivamente, foi determinada a sua composição centesimal e de ácidos graxos. A aceitabilidade sensorial dos queijos frente a públicos de duas localidades distintas - de Sobral/CE e de São Paulo/SP foi realizada, respectivamente, aos 7, 14, 21 dias e aos 14 e 21 dias de armazenamento dos queijos. A avaliação sensorial em São Paulo foi conduzida somente em dois pontos, em virtude de dificuldades quanto à logística, envolvendo o transporte dos queijos até São Paulo. Os queijos petit-suisse caprinos apresentaram populações de LPC-37 superiores a 7,93 log UFC/g até 28 dias de armazenamento. As populações de S. thermophilus tiveram reduções significativas (p<0,05) de até 1 ciclo log ao longo do armazenamento nos queijos QCP e QCS. A sobrevivência in vitro de LPC-37 foi baixa, com uma taxa de sobrevivência decrescente ao longo do armazenamento de QCS (de 47,0 para 32,5%) e de QVS (de 48,8 para 30,0%) e crescente para QCP (de 26,5 para 55,9%) para na fase entérica. Quanto à sobrevivência in vitro da LPC-37 na fase gástrica, o queijo de leite de vaca mostrou maior queda da taxa de sobrevivência (de 54,5 para 44,4%) ao longo do armazenamento (p<0,05). A adição de prebióticos influenciou significativamente (p<0,05) o aumento da dureza do queijo QCS. Não foi observada diferença (p>0,05) entre a aceitabilidade dos queijos caprinos frente aos consumidores das duas localidades avaliadas, com exceção do QCS aos 21 dias, onde se observou uma menor aceitabilidade por parte dos consumidores de São Paulo, os quais também revelaram menores intenções de compra. Entre os queijos simbióticos, o de vaca (QVS) foi mais aceito que o seu equivalente de cabra (QCS) em ambas as localidades, com intenção de compra >80% e >55%, respectivamente, em Sobral e em São Paulo. Os resultados revelaram que os queijos petit-suisse caprinos apresentam-se como matrizes alimentares adequadas para a incorporação de L. paracasei LPC-37 em combinação com os prebióticos inulina e FOS, com boa aceitabilidade sensorial, principalmente pelos consumidores de Sobral/CE.
This study aimed to develop a synbiotic petit-suisse from goat milk and acai pulp, with the probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-37 and the prebiotic ingredients inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), to verify the probiotic viability in the product and its survival under in vitro simulated gastric and enteric conditions and the characteristics of cheeses during storage at 4 ºC, and to compare the goat synbiotic petit-suisse cheese with the equivalent product produced from cow\'s milk. The experimental design consisted of three types of goat petit-suisse cheese, in triplicates, all of them produced using S.thermophilus TA-40 as the starter culture: CGC = control goat cheese; PGC = probiotic goat cheese (with LPC-37); SGC = synbiotic goat cheese (with LPC-37 + prebiotics). The cheeses were stored at 4 ºC and analyzed weekly for up to 28 days. Additionally, for comparison purposes with the SGC, a similar cheese produced from cow\'s milk: SCC = synbiotic cow cheese (with the starter and the probiotic culture LPC- 37 + prebiotics). The viability of the probiotic and of the starter culture, the probiotic survival under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal, as well as the pH, titratable acidity, and instrumental hardness of cheeses were monitored in the final product and weekly until 28 days of storage. Cheese samples were kept frozen and freeze-dried one day after production, respectively, for analyses of their chemical composition and their fatty acids profile. The sensory acceptability of cheeses by consumers from two different locations - Sobral/ CE and São Paulo/ SP was conducted, respectively, on days 7, 14, and 21 and on days 14 and 21 of storage. Sensory evaluation in São Paulo was conducted at two points due to difficulties regarding transportation of the cheeses to São Paulo.The petit-suisse goat cheeses LPC-37 populations were always above 7.93 log CFU/ g up to 28 days of storage. Populations of S. thermophilus presented significant reductions (p <0.05), up to 1 log cycle, during storage of cheeses PGC and SGC. The in vitro survival of LPC-37 was low, with a decreasing survival rate during storage of SGC (from 47.0 to 32.5%) and SCC (from 48.8 to 30.0%) and an increasing survival for PGC (from 26.5 to 55.9%) during the enteric phase. As for the in vitro survival of LPC-37 in the gastric phase, cheese from cow\'s milk showed a higher decrease in the survival rate (from 54.5 to 44.4%) during storage (p <0,05). The addition of prebiotics significantly increased (p <0.05) the hardness of SGC. No significant difference was observed (p> 0.05) between the acceptability of goat cheeses by the consumers of the two localitions evaluated, except for the SGC on day 21, for which a lower acceptability was observed for the consumers of São Paulo, who also revealed lower purchase intentions. Among the synbiotic cheeses, the cow cheese (SCC) was more accepted than the equivalent goat cheese (SGC) in both locations, with the purchase intentions above 80% and above 55%, respectively, in Sobral and in São Paulo. The results showed that the goat petit-suisse cheeses revealed to be suitable as food matrices for the incorporation of L. paracasei LPC-37 in combination with the prebiotics inulin and FOS, with good sensory acceptability, especially regarding consumers of Sobral/ CE.

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Gonçalves, Jéssica Filipa Lopes. "Influência da dieta mediterrânica na microbiota intestinal humana." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9660.

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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
A dieta mediterrânica é um padrão alimentar típico dos países que se localizam no redor do mar mediterrânico, está fortemente associada a uma boa qualidade de vida. Atualmente a saúde intestinal humana encontra-se associada ao desenvolvimento de diversas doenças. Este artigo tem como primordial objetivo a realização de uma revisão da literatura sobre a influência da dieta mediterrânica na microbiota intestinal humana. Este artigo apresenta-se na forma de revisão da literatura sobre a dieta mediterrânica e a microbiota intestinal humana, estabelecendo-se uma ponte entre ambas. Realizaram-se pesquisas bibliográficas nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Science Direct. A riqueza em fibras e hidratos de carbono complexos da dieta mediterrânica parece afetar de forma benéfica a microbiota intestinal humana. A dieta é capaz de promover o desenvolvimento e crescimento dos microrganismos existentes, protegendo o indivíduo do aparecimento de diversas doenças metabólicas. Conclui-se que esta dieta tem a capacidade de modular a microbiota intestinal humana trazendo benefícios para a saúde do hospedeiro, prevenindo o aparecimento de doenças e a melhoria de diversos sintomas relacionados com a disbiose.
The Mediterranean diet is a typical food pattern of countries located around the Mediterranean Sea and it is associated with good quality of life. It is known that diet has influence on human intestinal health and consequently with the development of several diseases. This article aims to review the literature in order to identify the influence of the Mediterranean diet on the human intestinal microbiota. In this sense, a bibliographic search were carried out in the PubMed, Scielo and Science Direct databases. The high content of fibre and complex carbohydrates present on the Mediterranean diet has a strong beneficial effect on intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, this food pattern promote the development and growth of existing microorganisms as well as preventing the appearance of several metabolic diseases. In conclusion the Mediterranean diet is able to positive modulate the intestinal microbiota, preventing it from dysbiosis and bringing benefits to the health of the host.
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Okuro, Paula Kiyomi. "Desenvolvimento, avaliação e aplicação de micropartículas simbióticas produzidas por spray chilling." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-31102013-142016/.

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Foram produzidas micropartículas simbióticas com carreador de natureza lipídica, obtidas por spray chilling. Como materiais ativos foram utilizadas duas cepas de micro-organismos probióticos (L. acidophilus-LA e L. rhamnosus-LR), dois prebióticos (inulina e polidextrose) e gordura de palma e palmiste interesterificada. Estudou-se a resistência destes probióticos ao processo aplicado, o comportamento das micropartículas sólido lipídicas (MSLs) frente ao fluido gástrico e intestinal simulados e suas viabilidades durante 120 dias de armazenamento à -18, 7 e 22°C sob vácuo ou umidade relativa controlada. A caracterização morfológica, granulometria, análise térmica (DSC), atividade de água, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR) e difração de raios-X (XRPD) foram estudados. Spray chilling configurou-se como processo adequado aos probióticos, devido à baixa perda de células viáveis durante a obtenção das micropartículas, sendo que não foi observado interferência da ausência, presença e do tipo de prebiótico. Foram obtidas MSLs esféricas com superfície relativamente uniforme, e com tamanho médio entre 62,4±2,8 a 69,6±5,1 µm, sendo que não houve diferença significativa entre as formulações. As análises de difração de raios-X indicaram que não ocorreram alterações polimórficas durante o armazenamento refrigerado das MSLs. Quanto à análise térmica pode-se dizer que a presença de probióticos e prebióticos praticamente não interferiu na alteração da temperatura de fusão para todas as formulações estudadas, que variou de 45,37°C a 47,58°C, inferindo-se a ausência de interações significativas entre os ingredientes microencapsulados e o carreador, ausência que foi reafirmada pelos espectros de infravermelho. A microencapsulação favoreceu a sobrevivência frente aos fluidos gástrico e intestinal simulados, e possibilitou a manutenção de células viáveis acima de 106 UFC por grama até 120 dias de armazenamento em umidade relativa controlada para a formulação com L. acidophilus e polidextrose, a qual foi influenciada pela atividade de água da partícula, que por sua vez foi afetada pela incorporação de prebióticos. Tendo em vista o potencial da MSLs desenvolvidas, estas foram incorporadas ao sorvete. Nesta matriz as micropartículas não apresentaram um bom desempenho, seja na sobrevivência de L. acidophilus durante o armazenamento do produto, como na proteção diante da exposição às condições gastrointestinais simuladas. Além disso, sorvetes com adição das MSLs foram avaliados com notas significativamente menores (p≤0,05) nos atributos textura, sabor e aceitação global em relação a amostras controle e a com adição de probióticos livres na análise sensorial do produto desenvolvido. As micropartículas lipídicas produzidas mostraram-se aptas como ingrediente alimentício, porém no sorvete não atenderam as premissas de proteção e extensão de contagens apropriadas do probiótico. As MSLs também foram incorporadas em polpas de fruta, abacate e melão, neste tipo de matriz as MSLs conferiram proteção ao micro-organismo pois aumentaram sua viabilidade em relação aos micro-organismos livres.
Symbiotic microparticles were produced with a lipid carrier, obtained by spray chilling technology. In this study were used two strains of probiotic (L. acidophilus-LA and L. rhamnosus-LR) and two prebiotics (inulin and polydextrose) as active or core materials. The resistance of these probiotics to the spray chilling process was evaluated, as well as the viability of the solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) during the exposition to the simulated gastric and intestinal fluids and stability during 120 days of storage at -18, 7 and 22°C, in vacuum or controlled relative humidity. Morphology characterization, particle size, water activity, thermal analysis (DSC), infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRPD) were studied. Spray chilling process was configured as a suitable technology to probiotics due to low loss of viable cells in processing of the particle, and no interference was observed from the presence/absence and type of prebiotic component. MSLs were obtained with relatively uniform spherical surface, and average size between 62.4 ± 2.8 µm to 69.6 ± 5.1 µm, there was no significant difference between formulations. Analyses of X-ray diffraction indicated that there were no polymorphic changes during refrigerated storage of SLMs. As for the thermal analysis it can be said that the presence of probiotics and prebiotics had practically no effect on the melting temperature for all formulations, which was 45.37° C up to 47.58° C, inferring with this the absence of significant interactions between the lipid carrier and microencapsulated ingredients, absence that was reaffirmed by the infrared spectra. Microencapsulation favored the survival against gastric and simulated intestinal fluids, and was possible to maintain viable cells up to 106 CFU per gram up to 120 days of storage for formulation with L. acidophilus and polydextrose in low temperatures and relative humidity (11%), which the stability was influenced by the water activity of the particle, which in turn is affected by the incorporation of prebiotics to the formulation of the SLMs. Given the potential of SLMs developed, they were incorporated into the ice cream. In this matrix microparticles not performed well, either on the survival of L. acidophilus during product storage, such as in protection against exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Furthermore, the addition of SLMs on strawberry ice cream was evaluated with grades significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the attributes texture, flavor and overall acceptability compared to the control samples and with added of free probiotic sensory analysis of the product developed. The lipid microparticles produced were shown to be suitable as a food ingredient, but the ice cream did not meet the assumptions of protection and extension of appropriate probiotic counts. The MSLs were also incorporated in the fruit pulp, avocado and melon, in this application the SLMs provided protection to the micro-organism increasing the probiotic viability in relation to the free microorganisms.

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36

Dudrová, Markéta. "Přídavek probiotické složky do výrobků pro dětskou výživu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449729.

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This Diploma thesis deals with preparation of probiotic cultures Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium breve enriched with prebiotics meant for application in baby food products. Natural extracts from matcha, moringa, young beat, young barley, chlorella and spirulina were selected as prebiotics. The theoretical part is focused on probiotic bacteria, their biological effects and their effects on the child´s body. The experimental part deals with the cultivation of probiotic bacteria with plant extracts, monitoring their viability and stabilization in an encapsulated form. Mixtures of probiotic cells with prebiotics were encapsulated into alginate particles to increase stability. Some of the alginate particles were processed by freeze drying. Mixtures of probiotic cultures with plant extracts were subjected to model human digestion by the action of model digestive juices in unencapsulated, encapsulated and lyophilized form. Selected extracts of plant materials were characterized in terms of amount of total and reducing sugars, total phenolic substances, individual phenolic substances and antioxidant activity. Further, two baby commercial dietary supplements containing probiotics were selected, which were characterized in terms of cell number and viability. Probiotic products were also subjected to model digestion.

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Ryšávka, Petr. "Tvorba biofilmu u probiotických kultur a možnosti jeho využití ve farmacii." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-438777.

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The work was comprehensively focused on the development of adhesive forms of probiotics in the form of a biofilm on combined carriers with a prebiotic component. The second part dealed with the influence of food on the multiplication and survival of selected types of probiotic bacteria. Subsequently, the effect of individualized probiotic supplements on changes in the human intestinal microbiome was monitored. Suitable adherent probiotic strains for biofilm formation were selected and tested. Methods have been introduced and different variants of carriers for culturing and binding bacteria have been tested. In vitro experiments verified the stability of biofilm stucture and its resistance to low pH, bile and antibiotics in comparison with the planktonic cell form. The antimicrobial effect of probiotic strains in the form of a biofilm was studied. The cultivation of the multispecies biofilm on the combined carrier was optimized and the stability of the biofilm and the final viability of probiotic bacteria were confirmed. Furthermore, the influence of various foods and beverages on the viability of probiotic bacteria was evaluated with emphasis on the simulation of passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Both models, solutions with standardised concentrations of alcohol, sugar, salts, proteins or different pH and different types of real foods and beverages were tested. The effect of food and beverages was tested on monocultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve and on probiotic capsules containing a mixed culture of probiotic microorganisms. The survival of probiotics in various food matrices in the simulated gastrointestinal tract was quantitatively different. We managed to define foods suitable for supporting the multiplication of probiotic bacteria. A separate part of the work was focused on the targeted modulation of the intestinal microbiome by individualized probiotics that were prepared on the basis of molecular biological analyzes of the intestinal microbiome aimed at detecting the percentage of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Personalized probiotic supplementation confirmed the positive effect of this approach on microbiome changes, especially on the increase of the content of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and the overall diversity of the microbiome.

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Staliano, Cristina Dini. "Desenvolvimento e caracterização de produto tipo patê de base láctea potencialmente simbiótico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9133/tde-12092012-102019/.

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Uma notável tendência na área de alimentos é o desenvolvimento de produtos que agreguem sabor, praticidade, conveniência e tragam benefícios à saúde. Dentro desse cenário, encontram-se os alimentos funcionais, que têm sido alvos de pesquisas científicas para elucidar os benefícios que trazem ao homem. Os probióticos e prebióticos são os ingredientes fisiologicamente ativos que compõem o alimento e agem na manutenção do equilíbrio da microbiota do trato gastrintestinal humano. A combinação de probióticos e prebióticos resulta em um produto simbiótico. Com outro apelo de alimento funcional, pode-se citar o tomate, fruto que apresenta licopeno em sua composição, pigmento com potencial antioxidante e ação preventiva contra diversos tipos de câncer. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um produto tipo patê potencialmente simbiótico, à base de queijo quark, adicionado de derivados de tomate, manjericão e queijo parmesão, bem como avaliar as suas características físico-químicas, microbiológicas, de textura instrumental e sua aceitabilidade sob o ponto de vista sensorial durante o seu armazenamento a 4 ± 1 °C por até 28 dias. Foram produzidos três tratamentos do produto tipo patê (em triplicata), todos eles suplementados com inulina: T1 (controle) com a cultura starter Streptococcus thermophilus ST-M6; T2 com a cultura starter ST-M6 e a adição dos probióticos Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 e Lactobacillus acidophilus NFCMe T3 com a cultura starterST-M6, a cultura probiótica Bb-12 e a adição de Lactobacillus sakei 2a. Os produtos foram armazenados a 4 ± 1 °C e durante os períodos de amo stragem (1, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias), foi analisada a viabilidade dos probióticos, da cultura starter e de L. sakei 2a, a fim de avaliar a possível adaptação desta cepa bacteriocinogênica ao meio lácteo, uma vez que foi isolada de linguiça frescal. Adicionalmente, o pH e o perfil de textura instrumental do produto (teste de dupla penetração de amostras em analisador de textura TA-XT2) foram analisados e, a partir de amostras mantidas congeladas no dia seguinte à sua fabricação, foi determinada a composição centesimal das diferentes formulações. Além disso, aos 7, 14 e 21 dias, as amostras foram avaliadas sensorialmente (teste de aceitabilidade com escala hedônica estruturada de 9 pontos) por 50 provadores em cada seção. Paralelamente, foi feito um monitoramento microbiológico das amostras quanto à presença de contaminantes. O pH dos três tratamentos apresentou uma queda significativa ao longo dos 28 dias (0,16 a 0,21) e foi significativamente menor (p<0,05) para T2 (4,67 após 28 dias) em relação a T1 (4,85) e T3 (4,76). Quanto à viabilidade da cultura starter, os produtos apresentaram populações médias ao longo do armazenamento sempre acima de 8,95 log UFC/g. As culturas probióticas NCFM e Bb-12 apresentaram contagens acima do mínimo recomendado pela legislação durante o armazenamento, com populações acima de 8 log UFC/g para Bb- 12 e populações de NCFM que diminuíram significativamente (p<0,05) de 8,61 (7 dias) a 7,93 log UFC/g (28 dias) para T2. L. sakei 2a mostrou-se adaptar bem ao produto lácteo, com viabilidade que se manteve na faixa de 8,10 a 8,18 log UFC/g ao longo dos 28 dias. Quanto ao perfil de textura, T2 foi mais estável durante o armazenamento, com parâmetros mais constantes ao longo do estudo, em comparação a T1 e T3. Na análise sensorial, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p>0,05) entre os tratamentos durante os dias avaliados e, tampouco, entre os dias estudados para um mesmo tratamento. As amostras tiveram uma boa aceitação pelos provadores, principalmente T2, com notas médias acima de 7 (gostei regularmente), apesar de não diferirem significativamente. O produto inovador tipo patê de base láctea no sabor tomate desenvolvido mostrou-se um bom veículo para os micro-organismos probióticos B. animalis Bb-12 e L. acidophilus NCFM e para L. sakei 2a, potencialmente simbiótico e sensorialmente aceitável.
A remarkable trend in the food area is the development of products that are tasty, convenient, and able to bring healthy benefits. Within this scenario, functional foodshave been object of scientific studies to elucidate their benefits to the human being. Probiotics and prebiotics are physiologically active ingredients in food which positively influence the maintenance of the human gastrointestinal tract balance. A synbiotic product combines probiotic and prebiotics ingredients. The tomato is also remarkable, regarding some compounds with functional attributes in its composition. Lycopene is the pigment present in the fruit that has antioxidant potential and is correlated with reduced incidence of some cancer types. This study aimed to develop a potentially synbiotic quark cheese-based spread product containing tomato and with basil and parmesan cheese, as well as evaluating its physico-chemical and microbiological features, and its instrumental texture profile and sensory acceptability, during storage at 4 ± 1 °C f or up to 28 days. Three different trials of quark cheese-based spread product were produced (in triplicates), all supplemented with inulin: T1 (control) with the starter culture Streptococcus thermophilus ST-M6; T2 with the starter culture ST-M6 plus the addition of the probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12, and T3 with the starter culture ST-M6, the probiotic culture Bb-12, and the addition of Lactobacillus sakei 2a. The products were stored at 4 ± 1 °C and, duri ng the sampling periods (1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days), the viability of probiotics, starter culture, and L. sakei 2a was assessed. The adaptation of L. sakei 2a to the dairy matrix was also evaluated, once this bacteriocin-producing strain was isolated from a Brazilian sausage. Additionally, the pH and instrumental texture profile of the product was assessed (double penetration of samples test, using a TA-XT2 texture analyzer), and the chemical composition was determined, using samples kept frozen after the first day of production. Besides, the trials were sensory evaluated (acceptability test, using a 9-point structured hedonic scale), after 7, 14, and 21 days, by 50 consumers in each session. At the same time, samples were microbiologically monitored for the presence of contaminants. The pH of the three trials displayed a significantly decrease throughout the 28 days of storage (0.16 up to 0.21), and it was significantly lower (p<0.05) for T2 (4.67 after 28 days), compared to T1 (4.85) and T3 (4.76). Regarding the viability of the starter culture, the products showed mean populations always above 8.95 log CFU/g during storage. The probiotic cultures NCFM and Bb-12 displayed counts above the minimum recommended by the Brazilian regulatory standards throughout storage, with populations above 8 log CFU/g for Bb-12, and counts of NCFM decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 8.61 (7 days) to 7.93 log CFU/g (28 days) for T2. L. sakei 2a was able to adequately adapt to the dairy product, with populations that maintained between 8.10 and 8.18 log CFU/g during the 28 days of storage. With respect to the texture profile, T2 was considered the most stable trial during storage, as displayed preservation ofmore homogeneous parameters throughout study, compared to T1 and T3. Regarding sensory evaluation, there were neither significantly differences (p>0,05) among the trials during the studied period nor among the studied periods for the same trial. The samples had a good acceptance by consumers, with mean scores above 7 (like regularly), mainly T2, although the trials did not differ significantly. The innovative tomato dairy-based spread product developed revealed to be an adequate matrix for the probiotic microorganisms B. animalis Bb-12 and L. acidophilus NCFM, and for L. sakei 2a, potentially synbiotic, and sensory acceptable.

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Cardarelli, Haissa Roberta. "Desenvolvimento de queijo \'petit-suisse\' simbiótico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9133/tde-21092006-012549/.

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A associação de ingredientes prebióticos com microrganismos probióticos na elaboração de produtos lácteos pode resultar na obtenção de produtos simbióticos, com os efeitos benéficos dos probióticos, aliado ao estímulo seletivo das bifidobactérias endógenas do cólon. Objetivou-se desenvolver um queijo petit-suisse simbiótico, suplementado com os probióticos Lactobacillus acidophilus e Bifidobacterium lactis e os prebióticos inulina, oligofrutose e mel; avaliar a viabilidade dos probióticos e do starter, a concentração de frutanos, a aceitabilidade sensorial e parâmetros físico-químicos durante o seu armazenamento a 4±1°C por até 28 dias; otimizar as misturas envolvendo os prebióticos, garantindo a boa viabilidade probiótica e o potencial efeito prebiótico, associados a características tecnológicas e sensoriais satisfatórias. Para esse fim, foram desenvolvidas formulações de queijo petit-suisse, com Lactobacillus acidophilus e Bifidobacterium lactis, utilizando Streptococcus thermophilus como starter, conforme o delineamento da superfície de resposta para misturas com três fatores: oligofrutose, inulina e mel. Os fatores foram combinados em diferentes proporções, de modo a obter 10% da formulação final, totalizando 7 ensaios e um controle (T1 a T8). As populações dos probióticos estiveram sempre superiores ao recomendado para a promoção dos efeitos benéficos, tendo variado de 7,20 a 7,69 log ufc g-1 (B. lactis) e de 6,08 a 6,99 log ufc g-1 (L. acidophilus). Os valores de pH decresceram e de acidez cresceram ao longo do tempo, devido à atividade dos microrganismos acidificantes presentes, tendo diferido significativamente entre os ensaios (p<0,05). A umidade permaneceu estável e diferiu significativamente entre os ensaios (p<0,05). O ingrediente que mais afetou a textura instrumental foi a inulina, fornecendo produtos mais firmes, mais coesos e com adesividade e gomosidade maiores. Oligofrutose e mel, como ingredientes únicos, produziram queijo petit-suisse com menor firmeza, adesividade e gomosidade, parâmetros estes correlacionados negativamente com o pH nos diferentes produtos estudados, ao contrário do que ocorreu com a coesividade. Os ensaios não diferiram significativamente quanto à aceitabilidade sensorial com painel de consumidores, exceto aos 28 dias de armazenamento (p<0,05). Aqueles contendo oligofrutose (T1) e oligofrutose mais inulina (T4) foram os mais bem aceitos, enquanto o controle (T8) foi o menos aceito. Todos os resultados ficaram entre \"gostei ligeiramente\" e \"gostei moderadamente\". A aceitabilidade foi crescente durante o armazenamento, significativamente (p<0,05) apenas para os ensaios que continham oligofrutose ou inulina sozinhos e sua combinação. Os atributos mais citados pelos consumidores foram o sabor - mais preferido nos ensaios T1 (oligofrutose), T3 (mel) e T5 (oligofrutose mais mel) e menos preferido no T8 (controle), e a textura, sempre menos preferida, em virtude de \"arenosidade\". Todas as combinações dos ensaios estudadas, exceto o T3 (mel), podem ser consideradas prebióticas, partindo-se da recomendação de 4 a 5 g dia-1 de frutanos e com uma porção diária de 100 g de queijo petit-suisse. A Metodologia da Superfície de Resposta aplicada para otimizar a viabilidade dos probióticos, a firmeza instrumental, o teor de frutanos e o custo, resultou na mistura ótima contendo 25% de oligofrutose, 70% de inulina e 5% de mel e desejabilidade global de 99,55%.
Due to the potential synergy between probiotics and prebiotics, dairy products containing a combination of these ingredients are often referred to as synbiotic, providing the beneficial effects of the probiotics combined with the effect of selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of bifidobacterium in the colon. The purpose of this study was to develop a synbiotic petit-suisse cheese, supplemented with the probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis and the prebiotics inulin, oligofructose and honey; to monitor the viability of the probiotics and the starter, the concentration of fructans, and also the sensory acceptance and physico-chemical parameters during refrigerated storage (4±1°C) for up to 28 days; to optimize the mixtures involving the prebiotic ingredients, in order to guarantee good probiotic viability and potential prebiotic effects, together with to satisfactory technological and sensory properties. The formulations were developed according to the surface response methodology for mixtures including three factors: oligofructose, inulin and honey. The prebiotics were combined in different proportions (to achieve 10% of total mixture), and 7 trials plus a control trial were obtained (T1 to T8). Probiotic populations were always above the minimum counts suggested for providing health benefits, and varied from 7.20 up to 7.69 log cfu g-1 (B. lactis) and from 6.08 up to 6.99 log cfu g-1 (L. acidophilus). The pH values decreased and the acidity values increased significantly during storage, and were statistically different in the various trials (P<0.05), due to the acidifying effect of the organisms present. The moisture remained stable during storage and also varied statistically in the trials (P<0.05). Instrumental texture profile was greatly influenced by inulin, resulting in firmer, more cohesive and adhesive products, and with higher gumminess. Oligofructose and honey added as sole ingredients produced a less firm, adhesive and gummy cheese. The pH influenced the instrumental firmness, adhesiveness and gumminess negatively, and cohesiveness positively. There was no significant difference in sensory acceptance for the consumer panel between the different trials, except after 28 days of storage (P<0.05). The acceptance was significantly higher for cheeses supplemented with oligofructose (T1) and oligofructose plus inulin (T4), whereas the control (T8) was less accepted. The results always ranged from like slightly to like moderately. Acceptability increased during storage, though significantly (P<0.05) only for cheeses supplemented with oligofructose and/or inulin. Taste was the most preferred attribute for trials T1 (oligofructose), T3 (honey), and T5 (oligofructose plus honey) and less preferred for T8 (control). Texture attribute was always the least preferred, due to the \"dust\" present. All cheese trials, except T3 (honey), can be considered prebiotic, according to the recommended ingestion of 4 to 5 g day -1 of fructans for a 100g daily portion. The response surface methodology, applied to optimize probiotic viability, instrumental firmness, fructans content and cost, resulted in an optimum mixture containing 25% oligofructose, 70% inulin and 5% honey and global desirability of 99.55%.

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Silveira, Nadiége Dourado Pauly [UNESP]. "O emprego da metodologia de superfície de resposta no desenvolvimento de um novo produto simbiótico, fermentado com Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 e Lactobacillus helveticus ssp jugurti 416, à base de extratos aquosos de soja e de Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88345.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O desenvolvimento de alimentos funcionais tem aumentado mundialmente devido a seus compostos bioativos que diminuem o risco de doenças e promovem a saúde. Baseado nisso, a indústria e a comunidade científica estão, cada vez mais, buscando ingredientes que possam conferir tais características aos alimentos. A soja, além de ser importante fonte protéica, possui fibras, isoflavonas, oligossacarídeos com potencial prebiótico (rafinose e estaquinose), vitaminas e minerais. As raízes tuberosas de yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) possuem grande quantidade de frutooligossacarídeos do tipo inulina, um componente não digerível pelo nosso organismo, com função de auxiliar na seleção de determinadas bactérias da microbiota intestinal, principalmente as bifidobactérias, possuindo, portanto, efeito prebiótico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de verificar, através da metodologia da superfície de resposta, as melhores condições para a utilização simultânea de extratos aquosos de soja e de yacon no desenvolvimento de um novo produto fermentado por um cultivo probiótico constituído por Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 e Lactobacillus helveticus ssp jugurti 416. Para tanto, as variáveis independentes foram representadas pelo teor protéico fornecido pelo extrato hidrossolúvel de soja (g/L) e pelo extrato aquoso de yacon (%). As variáveis dependentes (respostas) foram obtidas através do teste de aceitação sensorial (“sabor” e “impressão global”). A otimização conjunta das variáveis apontou a formulação 7 (1,74 g/L de teor protéico fornecido pelo extrato de soja e 25,86% de extrato de yacon) do planejamento experimental como sendo a mais adequada. No entanto, as formulações 9 e 10 (ambas contendo 1,74 g/L de teor protéico fornecido pelo extrato de soja e 40% de extrato de yacon) apresentaram valores de aceitação que não diferiram significativamente...
World-wide the development of functional food has been increased, due to its bioactive components which decrease the risk of getting some illnesses and promote health. Based on that, the industry and the scientific population are more and more searching for ingredients that may confer such characteristics to food. The soy, besides being an important proteic source, has fibers and isoflavones, oligosaccharides with potential prebiotic (raffinose and stachyose), vitamins and minerals. The yacon tuber (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a source of fructooligosaccharides, type inulin, undigestible components by our organism that helps in the selection and development of some bacteria of intestinal microbiota, mainly the bifidobacteria, which means that yacon has prebiotic effect. The aim of this study was to check, through Response Surface Methodology, the optimum conditions to use, simultaneously, the soy and yacon watery extracts in the development of a new fermented product with the probiotic cultive constituted by Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Lactobacillus helveticus ssp jugurti 416. Therefore, the independent variables were represented by the protein of soymilk (g/L) and the yacon extract (%). The dependent variables (responses) were obtained through the acceptance test (“taste” and “overall acceptability”). The joint optimization of the variables pointed out the 7th formulation (1.74 g/L of soymilk protein and 25.86% of yacon extract) of the factorial design as the most adequate. However, the 9th and 10th formulations (both containing 1.74 g/L of soymilk protein and 40% of yacon extract) presented acceptance scores significantly equal to the 7th treatment. The optimized product was submitted to the shelf-life determination, and it was presented in conditions of consuming in the course of 21 days at 5 ºC and with viability of the probiotic cultive among... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Filgueiras, Evando Alves. "Influência de um simbiótico na qualidade do leite e no intervalo de partos de vacas leiteiras." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3425.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Biological additives, such as probiotics, prebiotics and digestive enzymes, as well as the combination of these components - commonly called synbiotics - are an alternative to improve livestock performance. In order to evaluate the effects in dairy cattle of a synbiotic containing microencapsulated bacteria, a meta- analysis was conducted using results obtained on commercial farms. Variables included milk production and quality, and reproductive performance. Data were collected on 22 farms feeding a commercial synbiotic composed of microencapsulated probiotics, prebiotics and fibrolytic enzymes (Biofórmula Leite®). All herds followed the manufacturer's recommended dosage of 2 g / animal / day. Information was collected on bulk tank milk production and quality (Somatic Cell Count - SCC,and contents of milk fat, protein and total solids), as well as reproductive data, such as inseminations and calving dates. These data were pooled for meta-analysis, which was performed according to the mixed models procedures recommended by St. Pierre. An analysis of variance was performed, considering the farm as a random variable and treatment as a fixed effect, with time period nested within farm. For each analysis, we used the GLM procedure of Minitab (Minitab, Inc., State College, PA, USA). A probability level of 0.05% was used to determine the statistical significance of each effect. Treatment with the synbiotic produced significant reductions in bulk tank SCC(-41%) , and in calving interval (- 73 days). There was no significant effect on the contents of fat, protein, and total solids in milk. The synbiotic additive used in this study proved to be an effective tool in the reduction of somatic cells in milk, as well as improving the fertility of animals.
Os aditivos biológicos, como os probióticos, prebióticos e enzimas digestivas, ou mesmo, a combinação destes componentes, comumente denominada de simbióticos, têm se mostrado como uma alternativa para melhorar o desempenho dos animais. Com a finalidade de observar os benefícios advindos dos simbióticos com bactérias microencapsuladas em bovinos de leite, objetivou-se nessa pesquisa, realizar uma meta-análise dos resultados obtidos em nível de campo com a utilização de um produto simbiótico no desempenho produtivo, reprodutivo e na qualidade do leite de vacas leiteiras. Os dados foram coletados em 22 propriedades que utilizam o simbiótico comercial Biofórmula Leite®, composto por probióticos, prebióticos e enzimas fibrolíticas. A dosagem utilizada em todas as propriedades seguiu a indicação do fabricante de 2 g/animal/dia. Foram coletadas informações de qualidade do leite (Contagem de Células Somáticas - CCS, teores de Gordura, Proteína e Sólidos Totais), foram registradas também as médias de produção dos animais ou quantidades entregues no laticínio, bem como os dados reprodutivos, como datas das inseminações e dos partos. Esses dados foram agrupados para realização de uma meta-análise, que foi realizada de acordo com os procedimentos de modelos mistos preconizados por St. Pierre. Foi realizada uma análise de variância usando o modelo misto, considerando a fazenda como variável aleatória e o tratamento como efeito fixo, e o período aninhado na fazenda. Para cada análise, foi utilizado o procedimento GLM do Minitab (Minitab, Inc., State College, PA, EUA). O nível de probabilidade de 0,05% foi utilizado para determinar a significância estatística de cada efeito. Foi observada uma redução significativa na média de CCS dos tanques (-41%), além de uma redução de 73 dias no IP. Não foi constatado efeito significativo nos teores de gordura, proteína, e sólidos totais do leite. O aditivo simbiótico utilizado neste estudo demonstrou ser uma ferramenta eficaz na redução de células somáticas no leite, bem como na melhoria da fertilidade dos animais.

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Brattkvist, Lisa. "Tarmflorans och kostens relation till fetma." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-68617.

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Förekomsten av övervikt och fetma har ökat kraftigt de senaste åren över hela världen och i fetmans fotspår ökar även fetmarelaterade sjukdomar. Utvecklingen anses bero på en kombination av faktorer som större tillgång på energirik kost, miljömässiga, livsstilsrelaterade, genetiska och patologiska faktorer. Ny forskning har gett en ökad kuskap om tarmflorans betydelse för hälsa och studier på både obesa människor och djur visar att deras sammansättning i tarmfloran skiljer sig jämfört med normalviktiga individer. Detta har lett till ett ökat intresse hos forskare att titta närmare på kostens relation tilltarmfloran och dess sammansättning för att få klarhet i dess koppling till fetma och kunna använda denna kunskap för att förebygga och utveckla behandlingsmetoder mot fetma. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att analysera vetenskapliga artiklar och titta närmare på relationen mellan tarmfloran, kost och fetma. Resultaten visade att tarmflorans sammansättning är olika hos normalviktiga och obesa individer och att sammansättningen påverkar fermentationen av ej nedbrytningsbara kolhydrater i kolon. Studierna visade också att det finns en koppling mellan tarmfloran och inflammation som i sin tur också är en faktor relaterad till fetma. Ytterligare studier krävs för att besvara frågan ifall sammansättningen av tarmfloran är en orsakande faktor till utveckling av fetma, eller ett resultat av sjukdomen, samt vilka bakterier och grupper i den som genom bland annat kost går att påverka på ett positivt sätt mot fetma.
Obesity has increased dramatically during the past decades over the whole world, and has resulted in an increase of obesity-related diseases. The potential contributing factors to obesity are a combination of increase in the availability of energy-rich foods, environmental, lifestyle-related, genetic and pathological factors. New research has led to more knowledge about the gut microbiota and its role in health and studies show a difference in the microbial communities of lean vs. obese humans and animals. These findings have created an interest in research to understand gut microbiota composition and its relation to obesity so that the knowledge can be used in the prevention and treatment of obesity. The aim of this project was to analyse scentific articles and investigate the relation between the gut microbiota, diet and obesity. The studies showed differences in gut microbiota composition between lean vs. obese individuals, and that the composition affects the microbiotas ability to ferment non-digestible carbonhydrates in the colon. The studies also showed that the gut microbiota is related to inflammation, and inflammation is another factor that´s also related to obesity. There is a need for further studies to answer the question if the composition of the gut microbiota is the cause or the consequence of obesity, and which bacteria that for example through dietary modulation, can have a positive effect on obesity.

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Pérez, Conesa Darío. "Adición de probióticos y prebióticos a fórmulas infantiles y su efecto sobre la biodisponibilidad mineral." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/11066.

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El presente trabajo ha sido dividido en tres estudios diferentes, en el primer estudio se evaluó la fermentación in vitro de diversos oligosacáridos por cuatro especies de bifidobacterias, mostrando que 4'-galactosil lactosa (4'-GOS) estimuló en mayor medida el crecimiento de las bacterias estudiadas, especialmente de B. breve y B. bifidum. En un segundo estudio, se evaluó la viabilidad de las bifidobacterias presentes en una fórmula comercial probiótica (B. bifidum y B. longum) durante un máximo de 14 días, mostrando que aunque el paso del tiempo redujo significativamente (p<0,05) los recuentos bacterianos, éstos se mantuvieron siempre por encima del nivel recomendado (106 células/g de producto). Posteriormente se estudió el efecto de ésta fórmula probiótica sobre la flora fecal infantil durante el primer año de vida. Los resultados mostraron que los recuentos no fueron significativamente (p<0,05) superiores a los del grupo control hasta tres meses después de estar tomando la fórmula probiótica (7 y 9 meses de edad). En el tercer estudio se elaboraron siete dietas experimentales (1 dieta probiótica, 3 prebióticas y 3 simbióticas) que fueron administradas a un total de 54 ratas recién destetadas durante 30 días, donde se evaluó el efecto de los probióticos (B. bifidum y B. longum) y prebióticos (4'-GOS) sobre la absorción de los minerales mediante un balance mineral realizado en tres periodos. El análisis factorial de los resultados observados reveló que el aumento en la absorción de Ca, Mg y Fe estuvo relacionado con el descenso del pH y el incremento en la proliferación del epitelio del colon. Igualmente, este estudio permitió relacionar el depósito en huesos (tibia y fémur) con la absorción y retención mineral, el pH en el contenido del ciego y colon y la proliferación del epitelio del colon.
The present work has been divided into three studies, in the first study the in vitro fermentation of some oligosaccharides by four species of bifidobacteria. It showed that 4'-gallactosyllactose (4'-GOS) estimulated more intensively the bacterial growth specially of B. breve and B. bifidum. In the second study, it was evaluated the viability of bifidobacteria presents in a commercial probiotic infant formula (B. bifidum and B. longum) during 14 days as maximum. The counts were decreasing significantly (p<0,05) with days. However, they were kept above the recommended level (106 cells/g of product). Later, it was studied the effect of the probiotic formula on infant fecal flora during the first year of life. The results showed that bifidobacteria fecal counts of probiotic formula fed infants were not significantly (p<0,05) larger than those of the control group until three months after consuming the probiotic formula (7 and 9 months of age). In the third study, a total of seven experimental diets were elaborated (1 probiotic, 3 prebiotics and 3 synbiotics diets) that were administered to 54 weanling rats during 30 days, and the effect of probiotics (B. bifidum and B. longum) and prebiotics (4'-GOS) added to the diet on mineral absorption by mineral balance of three periods was evaluated. The factorial analysis of the results exhibited that the increase of Ca, Mg and Fe absorption was related with the pH decrease and the increase of cell proliferation in the epithelium of the colon. Likewise, this study allowed relating the mineral content in bones (femur and tibia) with the mineral absorption and retention, pH of the content of the cecum and colon and the proliferation of the epithelium of colon.

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Bergougnan, Carolin [Verfasser], Claudia [Akademischer Betreuer] Traidl-Hoffmann, Dirk [Gutachter] Haller, and Claudia [Gutachter] Traidl-Hoffmann. "Atopy status affects innate immune receptor repertoire, physical and immunological barrier function and response to prebiotics and probiotics of primary epithelial cells / Carolin Bergougnan ; Gutachter: Dirk Haller, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann ; Betreuer: Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1210644037/34.

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Fricke, Palmell Jaqueline. "Long-term effects of a synbiotic intervention in ADHD-patients : 18-month follow-up." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95367.

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A link between the gut and the brain has been proposed to influence psychiatric disorders. Probiotics have been suggested to modify the gut microbiota and thereby improve autism symptoms in children. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has high comorbidity with other neuropsychiatric diagnoses, including autism. This is a follow-up of the first study examining a synbiotic intervention in patients with ADHD (Skott et al., 2019). In the original study, 114 adults participated. In this study, 38 adults were evaluated. The aim was to examine if suggested improvements remained 18 months post treatment. Specifically, if reductions were detected in comorbid autism symptoms, emotional dysregulation or functional impairment. The endpoints were measured using questionnaires: Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-16) and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS). No Synbiotic2000-specific effect was detected. Synbiotic2000 and placebo improved emotion regulation and life skill-functioning equally well. More research is needed to draw reliable conclusions.
En koppling mellan magen och hjärnan har i studier antytts påverka psykiatriska tillstånd. Probiotika har föreslagits förändra mag- och tarmkanalens bakterieflora och därigenom förbättra psykiatriska symtom hos barn med autism. ADHD har hög komorbiditet med andra neuropsykiatriska diagnoser, däribland autism. Detta är en långtidsuppföljning av RCT-studien som var först med att undersöka en synbiotika-intervention hos patienter med ADHD (Skott et al., 2019). I uppföljningen undersöktes 38 av de 114 vuxna som deltagit i originalstudien. Syftet var att undersöka om indikationerna till förbättring höll i sig 18 månader efter studieavslutet. Frågeställningen var om reduktion i komorbida autismsymtom, svårigheter med emotionsreglering eller funktionsnedsättning kunde identifieras. Detta undersöktes genom självskattningsskalor: Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-16) och Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS). Ingen behandlingsspecifik effekt detekterades. Förbättringar av samma grad identifierades av Synbiotic2000 och placebo, utifrån emotionsreglering samt delskalan färdigheter. Mer forskning på området krävs för att möjliggöra tillförlitliga slutsatser.
BAMBA (Behandla Adhd med MagBakterier)

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Padilha, Marina. "Queijo petit-suisse probiótico e simbiótico: características tecnológicas e emprego de técnicas dependentes e independentes de cultivo na avaliação da sobrevivência dos probióticos no produto e em ensaios de sobrevivência in vitro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9133/tde-14062013-155758/.

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Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a sobrevivência de cepas probióticas incorporadas em queijo petit-suisse potencialmente probiótico e simbiótico no produto armazenado por até 28 dias e em ensaios de sobrevivência in vitro frente às condições encontradas no trato gastrintestinal, utilizando-se métodos independentes de cultivo, paralelamente aos métodos convencionais de semeadura em ágar seletivo, bem como avaliar características tecnológicas dos queijos elaborados. O delineamento experimental constituiu-se de 3 tratamentos de queijo petit-suisse: QP = queijo probiótico (com cultura ABT-4, composta por Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 e Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 e da cultura starter Streptococcus thermophilus); QS = queijo simbiótico, contendo os probióticos e prebióticos (cultura ABT-4 + inulina e fruto-oligossacarídeo) e QC = queijo controle, elaborado apenas com uma cultura starter de Streptococcus thermophilus. Os queijos foram armazenados a 4 ºC e as análises foram realizadas semanalmente, por 28 dias. A contagem dos micro-organismos probióticos foi realizada por técnicas independentes (qPCR) e dependentes de cultivo. Adicionalmente, foi monitorada a presença de contaminantes e avaliadas a aceitabilidade sensorial e a textura instrumental dos produtos ao longo de seu armazenamento. Os queijos petit-suisse apresentaram populações de L. acidophilus LA-5 e B. animalis BB-12 superiores a 7 log UFC/g, até o 28º dia de armazenamento. Em QS, observou-se maior estabilidade da população de L. acidophilus LA-5, ao longo do armazenamento e maior sobrevivência in vitro de B. animalis BB-12, até 14 dias de armazenamento (p < 0,05), com taxas médias de sobrevivência diminuindo de 88,0% (dia 1) para 59,6% (dia 28) em QS e de 80,0% (dia 1) para 59,8 (dia 28) em QP. Em contrapartida, para L. acidophilus LA-5, as taxas médias de sobrevivência diminuíram de 49,1% (dia 1) para 36,9% (dia 28) em QS e de 61,6% (dia 1) para 39,2% (dia 28) em QP, e foram maiores em QP nos dias 1 e 14 (p < 0,05). A adição de probióticos no queijo petit-suisse resultou em influência significativa nos parâmetros de textura, com uma diminuição da dureza, o que provavelmente contribuiu para maiores escores de aceitabilidade, nas formulações com probióticos (> 5,9), em relação ao produto controle (< 5,3). Adicionalmente, houve influência positiva da mistura prebiótica na aceitabilidade de QS (escore = 6,8), aos 21 dias de armazenamento (p < 0,05). Entre os métodos utilizados para a quantificação de micro-organismos, os valores obtidos através dos métodos convencional e qPCR foram semelhantes, porém observou-se uma tendência a superestimar a população dos micro-organismos, no método de qPCR. No ensaio de sobrevivência in vitro, observou-se valores semelhantes e um coeficiente de correlação de Pearson de 0,92 entre os método de qPCR com Propidium Monoazide (PMA) e convencional, para B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, enquanto que para L.acidophilus LA-5, os resultados mostraram-se promissores, particularmente na quantificação de células viáveis, porém não cultiváveis. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a formulação QS foi a mais favorável em termos de estabilidade e sobrevivência dos probióticos, além de apresentar a melhor aceitabilidade aos 21 dias de armazenamento. Em relação aos métodos de quantificação, técnicas moleculares mostraram-se mais adequadas, particularmente com a utilização de PMA, embora requeiram otimizações.
This study aimed to evaluate the survival of probiotic strains incorporated into petit-suisse cheese in the product stored for up to 28 days and under in vitro gastrointestinal tract simulated resistance assay, using culture-independent and culture-dependent methods. Furthermore, sensory acceptability and instrumental texture of the cheeses studied were evaluated. Experimental design involved the evaluation of three trials of petit-suisse cheese, as follows: PC = probiotic cheese (with the ABT-4 culture, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, and Streptococcus thermophilus, as starter culture), SC = synbiotic cheese, containing both the probiotics and the prebiotics (with the ABT-4 culture + inulin and fructooligosaccharides), and CC = control cheese (containing only the starter culture of Streptococcus thermophilus). Cheeses were stored at 4°C and the microbial counts in the products, as well as the in vitro survival assays were conducted weekly up to the 28th day. The probiotic counts in the product and in the in vitro assays were conducted through culture-independent (qPCR) and dependent methods. Additionally, the presence of contaminants was monitored and the sensory acceptability and instrumental texture of the products were evaluated during storage at 4°C. The petit-suisse cheeses presented L. acidophilus LA-5 and B. animalis BB-12 populations above 7 log CFU/g, up to the 28th day of storage. For SC, a higher L. acidophilus LA 5 population stability during the shelf-life and a higher B. animalis BB-12 in vitro survival up to 14 days of storage (p < 0.05) were observed. BB-12 presented mean survival rates decreasing from 88.0% (day 1) to 59.6% (day 28) in SC and from 80.0% (day 1) to 59.8% (day 28) in PC. In contrast, for L. acidophilus LA-5, the mean survival rates decreased from 49.1% (day 1) to 36.8% (day 28) in SC and from 61.6% (day 1) to 39.2% (day 28) in PC, which presented higher survival rate on days 1 and 14 (p < 0.05). The addition of probiotics in petit-suisse cheese influenced texture parameters significantly, leading to decreased hardness (p < 0.05), which probably contributed for the higher acceptability scores of both cheeses supplemented with probiotics (> 5.9), compared to the control product (< 5.3). Additionally, there was a positive influence of the prebiotic mixture on the SC acceptability (score = 6.8) on day 21 of storage (p < 0.05). Regarding the methods used for the enumeration of microorganisms, the results for the qPCR and the conventional method were quite similar. However, a trend towards overestimating microbial populations with the qPCR method was observed. For the in vitro survival assays, we observed similar results for the qPCR method with Propidium Monoazide (PMA) and the conventional method for B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.92, whereas for L. acidophilus LA-5, the results were promising, especially in the quantification of viable, but not cultivable cells. The results suggest that the synbiotic cheese was the most favorable in terms of stability and probiotics survival, besides presenting the highest acceptance at 21 days of storage. Regarding quantification methods, molecular techniques have proved to be more suitable, particularly with PMA, but an optimization is required.

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Matté, Fabrizio. "Determinação da eficácia de probióticos e prebióticos contra o desafio horizontal de Salmonella Heidelberg em frangos de corte." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2344.

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A Salmonella é um dos mais importantes patógenos veiculados por alimentos. Dentre os sorotipos, a Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) vem se destacando nas monitorias dos plantéis avícolas devido ao fato de possuir um grande número de reservatórios, apresentar sorotipos inespecíficos quanto aos hospedeiros e possuir cepas multirresistentes aos antibacterianos. Aditivos Eubióticos, como probióticos e prebióticos vem sendo avaliados, não para substituir totalmente os antimicrobianos, mas para ser uma ferramenta estratégica para diminuir seu uso. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de dois probióticos e um prebiótico contra um desafio horizontal de Salmonella Heidelberg em frangos de corte, através da contagem de UFC/g de conteúdo cecal e sob os parâmetros zootécnicos. Foram utilizadas 224 aves, distribuídas em 16 boxes de 2m2 cada. As aves foram agrupadas em 4 tratamentos com 4 repetições de 14 aves por boxe, um total de 56 aves por grupo em um delineamento em blocos casualizado (DBC). Foi testado um prebiótico constituído por Mananoligossacarídeos (MOS) associado a um fermentado de Bacillus subtilis (Pre1) fornecido no 2º e 14º dias de idade, por gavagem oral, e mais dois probióticos, um constituído por 11 cepas de Lactobacillus (Pro1) fornecido no 1º, 17º e 18º dias, na água de bebida, e outro constituído de esporos de Bacillus subtilis (Pro2) fornecido na ração durante todo período experimental. A inoculação de SH foi aos 2 dias de idade usando (1,0x106 UFC/ave) por gavagem oral em 4 aves denominadas contaminadas por boxe, as demais 10 aves foram denominadas não contaminadas para avaliar a contaminação horizontal. Semanalmente as aves foram pesadas e calculado seu consumo de ração em cada grupo. Aos 28 dias de idade, 40 aves não contaminadas por grupo foram sacrificadas e avaliado a contagem de UFC/g do conteúdo cecal. Os resultados obtidos nas contagens de UFC/g de conteúdo cecal em cada tratamento Pre1, Pro1 e Pro2 não apresentaram diferenças significativas (P>0.05) em relação ao grupo controle. O resultado zootécnico apresentou apenas diferenças significativas (P<0.05) na conversão alimentar, com resultados favoráveis ao uso dos probióticos e prebiótico nos períodos finais de desenvolvimento das aves 14 a 21 e 21 a 28 dias de idade.
Salmonella is one of the leading foodborne pathogens. Among the serotypes, Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) has been standing out in the creation of chickens because of the fact of having a large number of reservoirs, presenting nonspecific serotypes and multidrug-resistant strains to antibacterial. Eubiótics additives such as probiotics and prebiotic are being evaluated not to fully replace antibiotics, but to be a strategic tool to reduce their use. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two probiotics and prebiotic against a horizontal challenge Salmonella Heidelberg in broilers through count CFU/g of cecal contents and under the zootechnical parameters. 224 chickens were used, distributed in 16 boxes of 2m2 every. The chickens were grouped into 4 treatments with 4 replications of 14 chickens every boxe, a total of 56 chickens per group on a design in casualized blocks (DBC). It has been tested a prebiotic consisting mananoligossacarids (MOS) associated with a fermentation of Bacillus subtilis (Pre1) provided on the 2 and 14 days of age by oral gavage, and two probiotics, one composed of 11 Lactobacillus strains (Pro1) provided at 1, 17 and 18 days, in drinking water, and another composed of Bacillus subtilis spores (Pro2) supplied the feed all through the experimental period. Inoculation with SH was at 2 days of age using (1,0x106 UFC/chicken) by oral gavage for 4 chicks denominated contaminated by boxe, the other 10 chicks were denominated non contaminated to evaluate the horizontal contamination. The chickens were weighed a weekly basis, and feed consumption calculated from each group. At 28 days of age, 40 poultry non contaminated per group were sacrificed and we evaluated the counts CFU/g of cecal content. The results obtained for the count of CFU/g of cecal content in every Pre1 treatment, Pro1 and Pro2 no significant differences (P>0.05) compared to the control group. The zootechnical results presented only significant differences (P<0.05) feed conversion, with results favorable to the use of probiotics and prebiotics in late periods of growth of the poultry 14 to 21 and from 21 to 28 days.

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Ferrere, Gladys. "Rôle des cellules de Kupffer et du microbiote intestinal dans les hépatopathies métaboliques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS275/document.

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Les hépatopathies métaboliques regroupent les maladies non alcooliques du foie (NAFLD) et les maladies alcooliques du foie (MAF) causées respectivement par l’obésité ou une consommation excessive d’alcool. Ces pathologies vont de la simple stéatose à des formes aggravées pouvant aller jusqu’au carcinome hépatocellulaire. D’autres facteurs que le surpoids ou l’abus d’alcool jouent un rôle dans la susceptibilité des patients à développer une NAFLD ou une MAF. Cette thèse a pour objectif de clarifier et d'étudier les mécanismes et les facteurs participant à l’installation de l’inflammation dans ces deux pathologies. Mes travaux ont porté d’une part sur le rôle de la cellule de Kupffer dans les étapes précoces de la NAFLD et d’autre part sur l’étude du microbiote intestinal comme cofacteur déclenchant de la MAF. La cellule de Kupffer lors de la stéatose, étape précoce de la NAFLD, présente une dérégulation de son homéostasie lipidique qui participe à son phénotype pro-inflammatoire et favorise l’inflammation hépatique. L’impact du fructose, largement utilisé dans notre alimentation actuelle, a été étudié et aggrave l’inflammation hépatique lors d’un régime hyperlipidique et ceci est associé à une dysbiose spécifique. Dans la MAF, une dysbiose intestinale, une diminution des Bacteroides, a été associée aux lésions hépatiques dans un modèle murin d’alcoolisation. L‘utilisation de traitements permettant de maintenir cette population à des taux élevés a corrigé cette dysbiose et protégé les animaux face aux lésions hépatiques. Ces travaux permettent d‘envisager le MI comme une cible prometteuse permettant de contrôler l’évolution des hépatopathies métaboliques vers des formes sévères
Metabolic hepatopathies is including Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) due to an excessive consumption of alimentation or alcohol. The pathologies range from simple steatosis to aggravated forms until hepatocellular carcinoma. Other factors than overweight or alcohol abuse play a role in sensitivity of patients to develop NAFLD or ALD. The aim of this thesis is to clarify and study the mechanisms and factors that lead to the installation of inflammation in those pathologies. My work covered in part on the role of Kupffer cell in the early stages of NAFLD and secondly on the study of intestinal microbiota as a cofactor triggering the MAF.The Kupffer cell role in steatosis, the early stages of NAFLD, showed a deregulation of its lipid homeostasis involved in the pro-inflammatory phenotype and promotes liver inflammation. The impact of fructose, widely used in our current diet, was studied and worsening liver inflammation during high fat diet. This is associated with a specific dysbiosis. In ALD, intestinal dysbiosis, a decrease of Bacteroides, leading to liver damage has been established. The use of treatments to maintain this population with high levels corrected the dysbiosis and has protected animals against liver damages. Both works on the NAFLD and ALD establish MI is a promising target to control the evolution of metabolic liver diseases toward aggravated forms

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Grimoud, Julien. "Probiotiques, prébiotiques, synbiotiques et prévention des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin : proposition d'un crible de sélection rationnel in vitro." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0043/document.

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De nombreuses pathologies découlent de déséquilibres du microbiote intestinal. Ainsi, des stratégies visent à les prévenir en restaurant cet écosystème par l'apport de probiotiques, de prébiotiques et de synbiotiques. Des résultats prometteurs nécessitant d'être validés rationnellement, nous nous sommes proposés d'établir un premier crible de sélection de bactéries lactiques et de glucooligosaccharides (GOS) pour des activités anti-inflammatoires et anti-prolifératives in vitro. Les probiotiques ont inhibé des pathogènes tout en se révélant résistants aux conditions du tube digestif, tandis que deux GOS ont conduit à leur croissance sélective. De plus, les probiotiques ont réduit la réponse inflammatoire de cellules intestinales et la prolifération de cellules cancéreuses en association avec un GOS. Nous avons donc retenu des produits potentiellement actifs contre les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin et du cancer colorectal, par un crible devant être validé in vivo
Some pathologies are induced by intestinal microbiota disorders. Thus, some strategies aim torestore this ecosystem through probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Promising results need tobe rationally validated, so we aimed to establish the screening first step of lactic acid bacteriaand glucooligosaccharides (GOS) against anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity invitro. Probiotics inhibited pathogens and were resistant to digestive tract conditions whileGOS promoted specifically their growth. Moreover, probiotics reduced inflammatoryresponse of intestinal cells and proliferation of cancer cells when combined with GOS. Thus,we selected compounds potentially efficient against inflammatory bowel diseases andcolorectal cancer, through a screen that need to be validated in vivo

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Buriti, Flávia Carolina Alonso. ""Desenvolvimento de queijo fresco cremoso simbiótico"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9133/tde-17102005-140046/.

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Abstract:

Probióticos são microrganismos vivos que, quando administrados em quantidades adequadas, conferem benefícios à saúde do hospedeiro. Prebióticos são carboidratos não digeríveis que afetam beneficamente o hospedeiro, por estimularem seletivamente a proliferação e/ou atividade de populações de bactérias desejáveis no cólon. Um produto referido como simbiótico é aquele no qual um probiótico e um prebiótico estão combinados. O presente trabalho visou estudar a viabilidade da obtenção de queijo fresco cremoso simbiótico processado com a adição de uma cultura probiótica de Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (LBC 82) e do ingrediente prebiótico inulina. Três tratamentos de queijo fresco cremoso foram produzidos (5 repetições de cada um): T1 (probiótico) - com Streptococcus thermophilus + Lactobacillus paracasei; T2 (simbiótico) - com St. thermophilus + L. paracasei + inulina; T3 (controle) - somente com St. thermophilus. As contagens de L. paracasei, St. thermophilus, bactérias láticas, coliformes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus DNAse positivos, bolores e leveduras e as análises de pH, acidez titulável, umidade, atividade de água e perfil de textura (dupla compressão, em analisador de textura TA-XT2), além da determinação do teor de frutanos dos queijos T2, foram realizadas até 21 dias de armazenamento dos produtos a 4ºC. Os queijos também foram comparados através de avaliação sensorial após 7 dias de armazenamento, empregando-se o teste de ordenação-preferência. Não foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre os queijos T1, T2 e T3 para acidez titulável, umidade e atividade de água (p>0,05). As contagens de St. thermophilus permaneceram constantes, próximas a 9,5 log ufc/g, em T1, T2 e T3. A viabilidade de L. paracasei foi suficiente para caracterizar os queijos T1 e T2 como potencialmente probióticos, apresentando populações sempre acima de 7 log ufc/g. Os níveis de contaminação estiveram sempre abaixo dos limites exigidos pela legislação brasileira (exceto para Staphylococcus DNAse positivos em uma amostra dos queijos T3 ao 1o dia) e E. coli não foi detectado. A presença de inulina nos queijos T2 não alterou significativamente o perfil de textura (p>0,05). Não houve variação significativa no teor de frutanos dos queijos T2 durante o armazenamento (p>0,05), permanecendo sempre superior a 7g / 100g. Os queijos T1 apresentaram a menor preferência na análise sensorial e diferiram significativamente de T2 e T3 (p<0,05), devido ao sabor ácido, de acordo com os provadores. Por outro lado, T2 foi o preferido, porém, não diferindo significativamente de T3 (p>0,05). A adição de inulina ao queijo fresco cremoso produzido com a adição de uma cepa potencialmente probiótica de Lactobacillus paracasei resultou em um produto com características adequadas e com propriedades funcionais agregadas.
Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Prebiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of a limited number of bacteria present in the colon. A product referred as synbiotic is one in which probiotics and prebiotics are combined. The present research aimed to study the viability of obtaining a synbiotic fresh cream cheese produced with the addition of a probiotic culture of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (LBC 82) and of the prebiotic ingredient inulin. Three fresh cream cheese-making trials were produced (5 repetitions of each one): T1 (probiotic) ¡V with Streptococcus thermophilus + Lactobacillus paracasei; T2 (synbiotic) ¡V with St. thermophilus + L. paracasei + inulin; T3 (control) ¡V only with St. thermophilus. Counts of L. paracasei, St. thermophilus, lactic acid bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., DNAse-positive Staphylococcus, yeasts and moulds, and analysis of pH, titratable acidity, moisture content, water activity and texture profile (two-bite compression tests, employing a TA-XT2 texture analyser), besides determination of fructan content in cheeses T2, proceeded up to 21 days of storage of the products at 4b1oC. Cheeses were also compared through sensory evaluation after 7 days of storage, using preference-ranking test. No significant differences were detected between cheeses T1, T2 and T3 for titratable acidity, moisture content and water activity (P>0.05). Counts of St. thermophilus remained constant, around 9.5 log cfu/g, in cheeses T1, T2 and T3. Viability of L. paracasei was enough to characterize cheeses T1 and T2 as potentially probiotic, and counts were always above 7 log cfu/g. Contamination levels were always bellow the recommended by Brazilian regulatory standards (except for a DNAse positive Staphylococcus sample of cheeses T3 at day 1), and E. coli was never detected. L. paracasei inhibited the growth of coliforms, Staphylococcus spp. and DNAse-positive Staphylococcus significantly (P<0.05) in cheeses T1 and T2. The presence of inulin in cheeses T2 did not alter the texture profile significantly (P>0.05). No significant changes in the fructan content during storage were observed (P>0.05), and it remained always above 7 g / 100 g. Cheeses T1 were the least preferred in the sensory evaluation and differed significantly from T2 and T3 (P<0.05), due to acidic taste, according to panelists. On the other hand, T2 was the most preferred one, though not significantly different from T3 (P>0.05). The addition of the prebiotic ingredient inulin to fresh cream cheese produced with a potentially probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei strain resulted in a product with appropriate features and with aggregated functional properties.

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