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Books on the topic 'PRECEDE framework'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Hadda, Lamia, ed. Médina. Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-248-5.

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Dedicated to the medina in the Mediterranean space, this book is essentially based on detailed historical and photographic research into the characteristics of city design and its evolution, as well as some case studies from direct experience. The main objective of the present study consists of its documentary and evocative value, without forgetting the analysis of the multiple architectural spaces with monumental complexes of extraordinary cultural importance arranged according to precise hierarchies and specific uses. The research summarises the different experiences from this immense Arab-M
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Rivadossi, Silvia. Sciamani urbani. Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-414-1.

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What does it mean to be a ‘shaman’ in present-day Tokyo today? In what way(s) is the role of the shamanic practitioner represented at a popular level? Are certain characteristics emphasised and others downplayed? This book offers an answer to these questions through the analysis of a specific discourse on shamans that emerged in the Japanese metropolitan context between the late 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, a discourse that the more ‘traditional’ approaches to the study on shamanism do not take into account. In order to better contextualise this specific discourse, th
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3

Campney, Brent M. S. Hostile Heartland. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042492.001.0001.

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Hostile Heartland examines racial violence—or, more aptly, racist violence—against blacks (African Americans) in the Midwest, emphasizing lynching, whipping, and violence by police (or police brutality). It also focuses on black responses, including acts of armed resistance, the development of local and regional civil rights organizations, and the work of individual activists. Within that broad framework the book considers patterns of institutionalized violence in studies of individual states, like Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Kansas over a number of decades; it also targets specific
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4

Anderson, Cheryl P., and Debra L. Martin, eds. Massacres. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400691.001.0001.

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Bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology offer unique perspectives on studies of mass violence and present opportunities to interpret human skeletal remains in a broader cultural context. Massacres and other forms of large-scale violence have been documented in many different ancient and modern contexts. Moving the analysis from the victims to the broader political and cultural context necessitates using social theories about the nature of mass violence. Massacres can be seen as a process, that is, as the unfolding of nonrandom patterns or chains of events that precede the events and continue
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Mevorach, Irit. A Normative Framework for Promoting Compliance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782896.003.0005.

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This chapter completes the proposed normative framework for cross-border insolvency. It considers the problem of compliance with a cross-border insolvency system by countries and implementing institutions. The previous chapters have shown how the choice and use of certain international legal sources, such as customary international law (CIL), can strengthen the system, close gaps, and address biases that may otherwise impede the choices of optimal solutions. Yet, notwithstanding the pervasiveness and behavioural force of CIL, the observance of the norms is not guaranteed. Written instruments,
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6

Salleh, Dani, and Mazlan Ismail. Infrastructure procurement framework for local authority. UUM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670474434.

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The spread of infrastructure requirements and variety in mechanisms used to secure contributions (infrastructure provision) from private sector was a reflection of the institutional framework in planning system.The study has identified that although both private and local authorities have a good understanding of the fundamental of concept of local infrastructure provision and the arguments for and against the use of private provision, there are still considerable areas of uncertainty surrounding the precise definition (as prescribed in the relevant legislations) and measurements of the key ele
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7

Hansford, Thomas G. Vertical Stare Decisis. Edited by Lee Epstein and Stefanie A. Lindquist. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579891.013.18.

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This chapter critically assesses the current state of the literature on vertical stare decisis. It begins with a consideration of how stare decisis does, or does not, fit with the principal–agent framework that is often used as a starting point for theories of the relationship between high and low courts. Various approaches to testing the existence of vertical stare decisis and the factors that might condition the strength of this constraint are then addressed. While there is a good deal of evidence that is consistent with the claim that High Court precedent constrains lower court decision-mak
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8

Jan, Paulsson. Part I Investment Treaties and the Settlement of Investment Disputes: The Framework, 4 The Role of Precedent in Investment Treaty Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198758082.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the role of precedent in investment treaty arbitration. The technical rules of precedent are practice rules developed within legal systems. A system that enforces the rule of precedent requires a supreme court authorised both to impose a rule on inferior courts and to modify it when it sees fit. However, there is nothing like it in the international realm, and even less so in the context of arbitration. Nonetheless, it is possible to imagine the development of an international ‘law on investment protection’ by something akin to the common-law process of developing authori
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LO, Gane Samb, Aladji Babacar Niang, and Lois Chinwendu Okereke. A course of Elementary Probability Course. SPAS-EDS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.16929/sts/2020.001.

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This book introduces to the theory of probabilities from the beginning. Assuming that the reader possesses the normal mathematical level acquired at the end of the secondary school, we aim to equip him with a solid basis in probability theory. The theory is preceded by a general chapter on counting methods. Then, the theory of probabilities is presented in a discrete framework. Two objectives are sought. The first is to give the reader the ability to solve a large number of problems related to probability theory, including application problems in a variety of disciplines. The second is to prep
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10

Heitzeg, Mary M. Brain Functional Contributors to Vulnerability for Substance Abuse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0006.

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Substance use disorder (SUD) is one of the most significant health concerns worldwide; therefore, understanding the mechanisms that precede the onset and contribute to the escalation of substance use from childhood to adulthood is vital. Evidence suggests that behavioral undercontrol and negative affectivity are two behavioral pathways through which risk for SUD emerges across development. This chapter discusses studies that probe the neural systems underlying these behavioral phenotypes in high-risk youth from the Michigan Longitudinal Study, a prospective study of families with high levels o
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11

Weatherall, James Owen. Category Theory and the Foundations of Classical Space–Time Theories. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748991.003.0013.

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I review some recent work on applications of category theory to questions concerning theoretical structure and theoretical equivalence of classical field theories, including Newtonian gravitation, general relativity, and Yang–Mills theories. In particular, the chapter explains how the Baez–Bartel–Dolan framework for classifying forgetful functors provides a precise way of saying when one formulation of a physical theory posits more or less structure than another, and also when two theories posit equivalent amounts of structure.
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Dino, Kritsiotis. Part 1 The Cold War Era (1945–89), 15 The Indian Intervention into (East) Pakistan—1971. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784357.003.0015.

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This contribution discusses the 1971 Indian intervention in east Pakistan. It sets out the facts and context of the crisis, the legal positions of the main protagonists (India and Pakistan), and the international community’s reactions. It then tests the legality of the Indian intervention against the international legal framework governing the use of force as it stood at the time of the events. The final section examines if, and to what extent, the case has had an impact on the further development of the jus ad bellum, in particular whether it is a precedent for humanitarian intervention.
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Honig, Dan. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672454.003.0001.

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This chapter introduces the basic framework of the book. Agent judgment is fallible, and top-down controls may preclude useful actions by agents. International development organizations (IDOs), then, must choose between two flawed strategies in deciding whether to put agents in charge (Navigation by Judgment) or have principals retain control (Navigation from the Top). The extent to which environments are predictable and projects are externally verifiable affects how IDOs should manage interventions to increase intervention success and aid impact. This chapter introduces the quantitative and q
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14

Balbo, Andrea. Traces of Actio in Fragmentary Roman Orators. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788201.003.0014.

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Collecting references to the actio of fragmentary orators, this chapter explores the theoretical aspects of using the whole body (including both the speaker’s vocal delivery and his body language,) in public speaking. The evidence, despite its fragmentary nature, is contextualized using the advice given by the ancient rhetorical handbooks of Cicero and Quintilian on oratorical delivery, and related to modern theories of communication. The lack of a precise theoretical framework for actio in antiquity is argued to have allowed ancient theoreticians and practitioners considerable freedom for the
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Valeriano, Brandon. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190618094.003.0001.

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This chapter evaluates the efficacy of modern cyber strategies and how states coerce rivals in the digital domain. It argues that these campaigns are neither as revolutionary nor as novel as they seem. It finds that cyber disruptions, short-term and long-term espionage, and degradation operations all usually fail to produce concessions. When states do compel a rival, which is measured as a change in behavior in the target that is strategically advantageous to the initiator, the cyber operation tends to occur alongside more traditional coercive instruments such as diplomatic pressure, economic
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16

Carballo, Alejandro Pérez. Good Questions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779681.003.0007.

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Pérez Carballo adopts an epistemic utility theory picture of epistemic norms where epistemic utility functions measure the value of degrees of belief, and rationality consists in maximizing expected epistemic utility. Within this framework he seeks to show that we can make sense of the intuitive idea that some true beliefs—say true beliefs about botany—are more valuable than other true beliefs—say true beliefs about the precise number of plants in North Dakota. To do so, however, Pérez Carballo argues that we must think of the value of epistemic states as consisting in more than simply accurac
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17

Remington, Gary, Ofer Agid, Hiroyoshi Takeuchi, Jimmy Lee, and Araba Chintoh. Ultra-treatment resistance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198828761.003.0012.

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Ultra-treatment resistance or ultra-resistant schizophrenia is defined as describing individuals who meet criteria for treatment-resistant schizophrenia and receive an adequate trial of clozapine in the absence of other confounding factors that might compromise response (e.g. substance abuse, antipsychotic non-adherence), but demonstrate a suboptimal response. Because the definition currently hinges on a trial of clozapine, ‘clozapine-resistant schizophrenia’ has also been proposed as a more precise descriptor. This chapter reviews issues specific to classifying this subpopulation, including e
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18

Puranam, Phanish. New Forms of Organizing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672363.003.0008.

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Using the universal problems of organizing as a basic framework helps to expose novelty in forms of organizing in a precise manner. Even if a form of organizing is justifiably novel relative to the comparison group of organizations, it may well be that existing theory provides a sound basis to understanding much of this novelty, because the novelty in a form of organizing often takes the form of new bundles of old solutions. An implication is that the bar for novelty in organizing is significantly lower than the bar for theoretical novelty. Every new form of organizing that appears on our hori
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19

Crow, Michael M., and William B. Dabars. Interdisciplinarity and the Institutional Context of Knowledge in the American Research University. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.38.

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This chapter assesses the accommodation of interdisciplinarity in the American research university in terms of the reflexive relationship between knowledge production and its institutional context. Although the tacit assumption in academic culture is that institutional frameworks have already been optimally configured to facilitate knowledge production, the process remains defined by the traditional correlation between academic disciplines and departments, and, more broadly, the filiopietism and isomorphism that impede the development of new models for the set of research universities. Entrenc
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20

Bacon, Andrew. Vagueness and Thought. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712060.001.0001.

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According to orthodoxy the study of vagueness belongs to the domain of the philosophy of language. On that view, to solve the paradoxes of vagueness we need to investigate the nature of words like ‘heap’ and ‘bald’. This book criticizes linguistic explanations of the state of ignorance we find ourselves in when confronted with borderline cases and develops, within the framework of classical logic, a theory of propositional vagueness in its stead. The view places the study of vagueness squarely in epistemological terms, situating it within a theory of rational propositional attitudes. Once one
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21

Buzsáki, György. The Brain from Inside Out. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905385.001.0001.

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The Brain from Inside Out takes a critical look at contemporary brain research and reminds us that theoretical framework does matter. Current technology-driven neuroscience is still largely fueled by an empiricist philosophy assuming that the brain’s goal is to perceive, represent the world, and learn the truth. An inevitable consequence of this framework is the assumption of a decision-making homunculus wedged between our perception and actions. In contrast, The Brain from Inside Out advocates that the brain’s fundamental function is to induce actions and predict the consequences of those act
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22

William H, Boothby. 8 Conventional Weapons Convention. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198728504.003.0008.

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This chapter discusses the important provisions of the UN Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (CCW). It explains the significance of the Convention in relation to the evolution of the law relating to weapons, noting that it provides a framework within which specific Protocols have been negotiated to address particular weapons or weapon issues. The procedures for amending the Convention, for amending Protocols and for negotiating and adopting new Protocols are exam
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Lawry-White, Merryl. Victims of Environmental Harm During Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784630.003.0016.

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This chapter considers the interaction of some of the applicable norms related to liability and reparation for environmental damage in a post-conflict setting, including human rights and humanitarian law norms (including precedents) and their interaction with each other, with a focus on the potential consequences for victims. Using displacement as a specific case study, the discussion regarding potential consequences is supported by the learning that may be drawn from precedent reparations schemes, including those implemented in a ‘transitional justice’ framework as part of an attempt to affor
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Lévay, Miklós. Youth Justice in Hungary During the 20th and 21st Centuries. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935383.013.69.

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Juvenile justice systems are not static constructions but are highly dependent on the cultural, historical, and political environment. Therefore, analyses cannot provide a complete picture of them without explaining the effects of these to the development of the system. To encourage precise understanding on the main issues and institutions of the contemporary Hungarian juvenile justice system, this essay uses developmental and cultural perspectives, focusing on the introduction of formal law and legal practice. In this framework the author explains special characteristics of the Hungarian syst
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Teta, Keoni (John), Ralph Esposito, and Jade Teta. Sexual Dysfunction and Exercise (DRAFT). Edited by Madeleine M. Castellanos. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225889.003.0011.

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Sexual dysfunction often is multifactorial, with contributing etiologies ranging from cardiometabolic, neuronal, hormonal to psychological in origin. Whatever the origin, there is one very productive, often overlooked intervention for sexual dysfunction: exercise. Both female and male sexual dysfunction can be indicators of poor general health and may be linked to multiple conditions that respond exceptionally well to precise and tailored therapeutic exercises. Major contributing risk factors to sexual dysfunction include obesity, diabetes, hormonal imbalances, nerve damage, pharmaceutical sid
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26

Campbell, McLachlan, Shore Laurence, and Weiniger Matthew. Part I Overview, 3 Dispute Resolution Provisions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199676798.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 examines those aspects of dispute resolution provisions commonly found in bilateral investment treaties (BITs), with particular emphasis on four fundamental issues in the settlement of investment disputes through arbitration: (1) the clauses in investment treaties that provide for investor–State arbitration, focusing on the issue of the existence and limits of the consent to arbitrate; (2) transparency and the extent to which non-parties may be heard in the process; (3) the legal nature of the rights contained in investment treaties within the choice of law framework applicable to in
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Immerman, Richard H., and Petra Goedde, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199236961.001.0001.

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The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War offers a broad reassessment of the cold war period based on new conceptual frameworks developed in the field of international history. The cold war emerges as a distinct period in twentieth-century history, yet one that should be evaluated within the broader context of global political, economic, social, and cultural developments. This book brings together scholars in cold war history to offer an assessment of the state of the field and identify fundamental questions for future research. The individual chapters in this volume evaluate both the extent and the
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28

Stuart, Philip E., Lam C. Tsoi, Caely A. Hambro, and James T. Elder. Genetics of psoriasis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0005.

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Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) characterized by skin inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, increased risk of arthritis, and cardiovascular morbidity. Substantial evidence indicates that psoriasis is driven by abnormal interactions between cells of the innate and adaptive host defence systems, including keratinocytes, dendritic cells, and T-cells, resulting in a dysregulated immune response and markedly increased epidermal proliferation. The precise aetiology of psoriasis remains unknown. Here, we review how innate and adaptive host defence responses are regulated by
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Annabelle, Möckesch. Attorney-Client Privilege in International Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198795865.001.0001.

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Attorney–client privilege is often invoked as a defence in international arbitration proceedings. Nevertheless, the participants often have very different expectations regarding the applicable privilege standard, as national attorney–client privilege laws vary widely between jurisdictions. This is complicated by the fact that institutional arbitration rules do not include provisions on the scope of attorney–client privilege, nor do they contain conflict-of-laws rules to determine the applicable national privilege standard. The determination of the applicable level of protection is rather left
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30

Doucerain, Marina, Norman Segalowitz, and Andrew G. Ryder. Acculturation Measurement. Edited by Seth J. Schwartz and Jennifer Unger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215217.013.7.

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This article discusses the importance of clear and precise conceptualizations of acculturation as well as the need for consistencies in definition, operationalization, and measurement. More specifically, it argues for an expanded acculturation research toolkit that does not rely too heavily on self-report acculturation scales. The article begins with an overview of the state of affairs with respect to acculturation conceptualizations and methods, paying particular attention to the unidimensional, bidimensional, and multidimensional frameworks of psychological acculturation. It then considers w
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Lundgren, Britta, and Martin Holmberg. Pandemic flus and vaccination policies in Sweden. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526110886.003.0011.

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During 2010 an increasing incidence of narcolepsy in children and adolescents was reported in Sweden and Finland, associated with the pandemic vaccine Pandemrix. Vaccination has since the 1940s been seen as a magic bullet to protect from flu. During past influenza pandemics in Sweden, the vaccine was, however, either absent or in short supply. Since the pandemic 2009-10 – caused by the Influenza A(H1N1) virus – production increased and mass vaccination campaigns were launched in many countries. Sweden was the most successful, with over sixty per cent coverage in what became the largest public
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Bertoni, Eduardo, and Collin Kurre. Surveillance and Privacy Protection in Latin America. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190685515.003.0016.

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This chapter covers surveillance and privacy protection in Latin America providing examples, principles, and suggestions. The first part offers an overview of governmental surveillance regulation through an analysis of existing legislation in Argentina, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. It should be noted that this analysis merely seeks to identify trends in legal frameworks, rather than provide a comprehensive account of existing laws. Regulating state surveillance and creating a precedent of rights protection both off- and online is critical. To provide a more nuanced and updated understanding of
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Zerilli, John. The Adaptable Mind. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190067885.001.0001.

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What conception of mental architecture can survive the evidence of neuroplasticity and neural reuse in the human brain? In particular, what sorts of modules are compatible with this evidence? This book shows how developmental and adult neuroplasticity, as well as evidence of pervasive neural reuse, force a revision to the standard conceptions of modularity and spell the end of a hardwired and dedicated language module. It argues from principles of both neural reuse and neural redundancy that language is facilitated by a composite of modules (or module-like entities), few if any of which are li
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Lawson, Gary, and Guy I. Seidman. Deference. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190273408.001.0001.

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Deference is perhaps the most important concept and practice in law. It lies at the core of every system of precedent, appellate review, federalism, and separation of powers, all of which center on how one actor should deal with previous decisions. Oddly enough, deference is also one of the most underanalyzed and undertheorized legal concepts and practices, perhaps because its applications are so varied. This book’s goal is to provide a definition of and vocabulary for deference that can be used to describe, explain, and/or criticize deference in all of its manifestations in the law, including
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Cesario, Marilina, and Hugh Magennis, eds. Aspects of knowledge. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719097843.001.0001.

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This edited collection explores how knowledge was preserved and reinvented in the Middle Ages. Unlike previous publications, which are predominantly focused either on a specific historical period or on precise cultural and historical events, this volume, which includes essays spanning from the eighth to the fifteenth centuries, is intended to eschew traditional categorisations of periodisation and disciplines and to enable the establishment of connections and cross-sections between different departments of knowledge, including the history of science (computus, prognostication), the history of
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Hellman, Geoffrey, and Stewart Shapiro. Varieties of Continua. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712749.001.0001.

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Two historical episodes form the background to the research presented here: the first is the remarkably rapid transition in the course of the nineteenth century from the ancient Aristotelian view that a true continuum cannot be composed entirely of points to the now standard, entirely punctiform frameworks for analysis and geometry found in modern texts (stemming from the work of Bolzano, Cauchy, Weierstrass, Dedekind, Cantor, et al.). The second is the mid-to-late twentieth-century revival of pre-limit methods in analysis and geometry using infinitesimals, viz. non-standard analysis due to Ab
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Barno, David, and Nora Bensahel. Adaptation under Fire. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672058.001.0001.

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Adaptation under Fire looks at the essential importance of military adaptation in winning wars. Every military must prepare for future wars despite inevitably having little confidence about the precise shape that those wars will take. As former US secretary of defense Robert Gates once noted, the United States has a perfect record in predicting the next war: “We have never once gotten it right.” Despite this uncertainty, military organizations still must make choices. They must determine the nature of doctrine they will need to fight effectively, the type of weaponry and equipment they must pr
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Mercer, Jarred A. Divine Perfection and Human Potentiality. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190903534.001.0001.

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No figure of fourth-century Christianity seems to be both so well known and clouded in mystery as Hilary of Poitiers. His invaluable position historically is unquestioned, but the coherence and significance of his own thought is less certain. While scholars have worked to renew Hilary’s place within his historical and polemical context, much remains to be said concerning his actual contribution within these revised contextual parameters, and the overall shape of his thought remains obscure. This book provides a new paradigm for understanding Hilary’s De Trinitate. It contends that in all of Hi
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