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Journal articles on the topic 'Precedence effect; Sound location'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Tollin, Daniel J., and Tom C. T. Yin. "Psychophysical Investigation of an Auditory Spatial Illusion in Cats: The Precedence Effect." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 4 (2003): 2149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00381.2003.

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The precedence effect (PE) describes several spatial perceptual phenomena that occur when similar sounds are presented from two different locations and separated by a delay. The mechanisms that produce the effect are thought to be responsible for the ability to localize sounds in reverberant environments. Although the physiological bases for the PE have been studied, little is known about how these sounds are localized by species other than humans. Here we used the search coil technique to measure the eye positions of cats trained to saccade to the apparent locations of sounds. To study the PE

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2

Tollin, Daniel J., Luis C. Populin, and Tom C. T. Yin. "Neural Correlates of the Precedence Effect in the Inferior Colliculus of Behaving Cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 6 (2004): 3286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00606.2004.

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Several auditory spatial illusions, collectively called the precedence effect (PE), occur when transient sounds are presented from two different spatial locations but separated in time by an interstimulus delay (ISD). For ISDs in the range of localization dominance (<10 ms), a single fused sound is typically located near the leading source location only, as if the location of the lagging source were suppressed. For longer ISDs, both the leading and lagging sources can be heard and localized, and the shortest ISD where this occurs is called the echo threshold. Previous physiological studies

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3

Gai, Yan, Janet L. Ruhland, and Tom C. T. Yin. "Behavior and modeling of two-dimensional precedence effect in head-unrestrained cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 2 (2015): 1272–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00214.2015.

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The precedence effect (PE) is an auditory illusion that occurs when listeners localize nearly coincident and similar sounds from different spatial locations, such as a direct sound and its echo. It has mostly been studied in humans and animals with immobile heads in the horizontal plane; speaker pairs were often symmetrically located in the frontal hemifield. The present study examined the PE in head-unrestrained cats for a variety of paired-sound conditions along the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal axes. Cats were trained with operant conditioning to direct their gaze to the perceived soun

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Spitzer, Matthew W., Avinash D. S. Bala, and Terry T. Takahashi. "A Neuronal Correlate of the Precedence Effect Is Associated With Spatial Selectivity in the Barn Owl's Auditory Midbrain." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 4 (2004): 2051–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01235.2003.

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Sound localization in echoic conditions depends on a precedence effect (PE), in which the first arriving sound dominates the perceived location of later reflections. Previous studies have demonstrated neurophysiological correlates of the PE in several species, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The present study documents responses of space-specific neurons in the barn owl's inferior colliculus (IC) to stimuli simulating direct sounds and reflections that overlap in time at the listener's ears. Responses to 100-ms noises with lead-lag delays from 1 to 100 ms were recorded from neuro

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5

Litovsky, Ruth Y., Brad Rakerd, Tom C. T. Yin, and William M. Hartmann. "Psychophysical and Physiological Evidence for a Precedence Effect in the Median Sagittal Plane." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 4 (1997): 2223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.2223.

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Litovsky, Ruth Y., Brad Rakerd, Tom C. T. Yin, and William M. Hartmann. Psychophysical and physiological evidence for a precedence effect in the median sagittal plane. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2223–2226, 1997. A listener in a room is exposed to multiple versions of any acoustical event, coming from many different directions in space. The precedence effect is thought to discount the reflected sounds in the computation of location, so that a listener perceives the source near its true location. According to most auditory theories, the precedence effect is mediated by binaural differences. This repor

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Mickey, Brian J., and John C. Middlebrooks. "Sensitivity of Auditory Cortical Neurons to the Locations of Leading and Lagging Sounds." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 2 (2005): 979–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00580.2004.

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We recorded unit activity in the auditory cortex (fields A1, A2, and PAF) of anesthetized cats while presenting paired clicks with variable locations and interstimulus delays (ISDs). In human listeners, such sounds elicit the precedence effect, in which localization of the lagging sound is impaired at ISDs ≲10 ms. In the present study, neurons typically responded to the leading stimulus with a brief burst of spikes, followed by suppression lasting 100–200 ms. At an ISD of 20 ms, at which listeners report a distinct lagging sound, only 12% of units showed discrete lagging responses. Long-lastin

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7

Moore, Christopher A., Jerry L. Cranford, and Angela E. Rahn. "Tracking of a “Moving” Fused Auditory Image Under Conditions that Elicit the Precedence Effect." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 33, no. 1 (1990): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3301.141.

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Pursuit auditory tracking of a fused auditory image (FAI), based on stimulus conditions known to elicit the precedence effect phenomenon in sound localization, was investigated in 36 normal subjects and in a small group of subjects with known neuropathology. Movement of the FAI was simulated by incrementally varying the delay between two clicks presented, one each, from two loudspeakers placed on opposite sides of the listener. The group of normal listeners tracked the movement of the FAI without difficulty and with great accuracy; the perceived location of the FAI varied linearly with the int

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8

Cranford, Jerry L., Marci A. Andres, Kristi K. Piatz, and Kay L. Reissig. "Influences of Age and Hearing Loss on the Precedence Effect in Sound Localization." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 2 (1993): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3602.437.

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Cranford, Boose, & Moore (1990a) reported that many elderly persons exhibit problems in perceiving the apparent location of fused auditory images in a sound localization task involving the Precedence Effect (PE). In the earlier study, differences in peripheral hearing sensitivity between young and elderly subjects were not controlled. In the present study, four groups of young and elderly subjects, matched with respect to age and the presence or absence of sensorineural hearing loss, were examined to determine the effects of these two factors on performance with the PE task. Although signi

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9

Brown, Andrew D., Heath G. Jones, Alan Kan, et al. "Evidence for a neural source of the precedence effect in sound localization." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 5 (2015): 2991–3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00243.2015.

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Normal-hearing human listeners and a variety of studied animal species localize sound sources accurately in reverberant environments by responding to the directional cues carried by the first-arriving sound rather than spurious cues carried by later-arriving reflections, which are not perceived discretely. This phenomenon is known as the precedence effect (PE) in sound localization. Despite decades of study, the biological basis of the PE remains unclear. Though the PE was once widely attributed to central processes such as synaptic inhibition in the auditory midbrain, a more recent hypothesis

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10

Dent, Micheal L., Daniel J. Tollin, and Tom C. T. Yin. "Influence of Sound Source Location on the Behavior and Physiology of the Precedence Effect in Cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 2 (2009): 724–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00129.2009.

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Psychophysical experiments on the precedence effect (PE) in cats have shown that they localize pairs of auditory stimuli presented from different locations in space based on the spatial position of the stimuli and the interstimulus delay (ISD) between the stimuli in a manner similar to humans. Cats exhibit localization dominance for pairs of transient stimuli with |ISDs| from ∼0.4 to 10 ms, summing localization for |ISDs| < 0.4 ms and breakdown of fusion for |ISDs| > 10 ms, which is the approximate echo threshold. The neural correlates to the PE have been described in both anesthetized a

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11

Mickey, Brian J., and John C. Middlebrooks. "Responses of Auditory Cortical Neurons to Pairs of Sounds: Correlates of Fusion and Localization." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 3 (2001): 1333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.3.1333.

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When two brief sounds arrive at a listener's ears nearly simultaneously from different directions, localization of the sounds is described by “the precedence effect.” At inter-stimulus delays (ISDs) <5 ms, listeners typically report hearing not two sounds but a single fused sound. The reported location of the fused image depends on the ISD. At ISDs of 1–4 ms, listeners point near the leading source (localization dominance). As the ISD is decreased from 0.8 to 0 ms, the fused image shifts toward a location midway between the two sources (summing localization). When an inter-stimulus level di

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12

Fitzpatrick, D. C., S. Kuwada, R. Batra, and C. Trahiotis. "Neural responses to simple simulated echoes in the auditory brain stem of the unanesthetized rabbit." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 6 (1995): 2469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.6.2469.

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1. In most natural environments, sound waves from a single source will reach a listener through both direct and reflected paths. Sound traveling the direct path arrives first, and determines the perceived location of the source despite the presence of reflections from many different locations. This phenomenon is called the "law of the first wavefront" or "precedence effect." The time at which the reflection is first perceived as a separately localizable sound defines the end of the precedence window and is called "echo threshold." The precedence effect represents an important property of the a

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13

Tollin, Daniel J., and Tom C. T. Yin. "Spectral Cues Explain Illusory Elevation Effects With Stereo Sounds in Cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 1 (2003): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00107.2003.

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Mammals localize sound sources in azimuth based on two binaural cues, interaural differences in the time of arrival and level of the sounds at the ears. In contrast, the cue for elevation is based on patterns of the broadband power spectra at each ear that result from the direction-dependent acoustic filtering properties of the head and pinnae. Although the exact form of this “spectral shape” cue is unknown, most attention has been directed toward a prominent direction-dependent energy minimum, or “notch,” because its location in frequency, for both humans and cats, moves predictably from low

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14

Tollin, Daniel J., Elizabeth M. McClaine, and Tom C. T. Yin. "Short-Latency, Goal-Directed Movements of the Pinnae to Sounds That Produce Auditory Spatial Illusions." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 1 (2010): 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00793.2009.

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The precedence effect (PE) is an auditory spatial illusion whereby two identical sounds presented from two separate locations with a delay between them are perceived as a fused single sound source whose position depends on the value of the delay. By training cats using operant conditioning to look at sound sources, we have previously shown that cats experience the PE similarly to humans. For delays less than ±400 μs, cats exhibit summing localization, the perception of a “phantom” sound located between the sources. Consistent with localization dominance, for delays from 400 μs to ∼10 ms, cats

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15

Li, Huakang, Jie Huang, Minyi Guo, and Qunfei Zhao. "Spatial Localization of Concurrent Multiple Sound Sources Using Phase Candidate Histogram." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 15, no. 9 (2011): 1277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2011.p1277.

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Mobile robots communicating with people would benefit from being able to detect sound sources to help localize interesting events in real-life settings. We propose using a spherical robot with four microphones to determine the spatial locations of multiple sound sources in ordinary rooms. The arrival temporal disparities from phase difference histograms are used to calculate the time differences. A precedence effect model suppresses the influence of echoes in reverberant environments. To integrate spatial cues of different microphones, we map the correlation between different microphone pairs

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16

Litovsky, Ruth Y., and Tom C. T. Yin. "Physiological Studies of the Precedence Effect in the Inferior Colliculus of the Cat. I. Correlates of Psychophysics." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 3 (1998): 1285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.3.1285.

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Litovsky, Ruth Y. and Tom C. T. Yin. Physiological studies of the precedence effect in the inferior colliculus of the cat. I. Correlates of psychophysics. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1285–1301, 1998. The precedence effect (PE) is experienced when two spatially separated sounds are presented with such a brief delay that only a single auditory image at or toward the location of the leading source is perceived. The responses of neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) of cats were studied using stimuli that are known to elicit the PE, focusing on the effects of changes in stimulus

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17

Litovsky, R. Y., and B. Delgutte. "Neural Correlates of the Precedence Effect in the Inferior Colliculus: Effect of Localization Cues." Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 2 (2002): 976–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00568.2001.

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The precedence effect (PE) is an auditory phenomenon involved in suppressing the perception of echoes in reverberant environments, and is thought to facilitate accurate localization of sound sources. We investigated physiological correlates of the PE in the inferior colliculus (IC) of anesthetized cats, with a focus on directional mechanisms for this phenomenon. We used a virtual space (VS) technique, where two clicks (a “lead” and a “lag”) separated by a brief time delay were each filtered through head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). For nearly all neurons, the response to the lag was sup

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18

Cranford, Jerry L., Michael Morgan, Rosalind Scudder, and Christopher Moore. "Tracking of "Moving" Fused Auditory Images by Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 2 (1993): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3602.424.

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Recent investigations (Cranford, Boose, & Moore, 1990a,b; Moore, Cranford, & Rahn, 1990) studied the ability of normal adult subjects to localize sounds under conditions that elicit the Precedence Effect. In different tests, subjects were required either to report the perceived location of a stationary fused auditory image (FAI) or track the apparent motion of a "moving" FAI. Movement of the FAI was simulated by incrementally varying the delay between pairs of clicks presented, one each, from two matched loudspeakers placed on opposite sides of the listener. In the present study, group

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19

Agaeva, M. "Precedence effect for moving sound." International Journal of Psychophysiology 77, no. 3 (2010): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.06.195.

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20

Brown, Andrew D., G. Christopher Stecker, and Daniel J. Tollin. "The Precedence Effect in Sound Localization." Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 16, no. 1 (2014): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10162-014-0496-2.

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21

Wühle, Tom, Sebastian Merchel, and M. Ercan Altinsoy. "The Precedence Effect in Scenarios with Projected Sound." Journal of the Audio Engineering Society 67, no. 3 (2019): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2018.0074.

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22

Li, Liang, and Bruce A. Schneider. "Gap detection and location in the precedence effect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 5 (2002): 2244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4808579.

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23

Wendt, Florian, and Robert Höldrich. "Precedence effect for specular and diffuse reflections." Acta Acustica 5 (December 16, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2020027.

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Studies on the precedence effect are typically conducted by presenting two identical sounds simulating direct sound and specular reflection. However, when a sound is reflected from irregular surface, it is redirect into many directions resulting in directional and temporal diffusion. This contribution introduces a simulation of Lambertian diffusing reflections. The perceptual influences of diffusion are studied in a listening experiment; echo thresholds and masked thresholds of specular and diffuse reflections are measured. Results show that diffusion makes the reflections more easily detectab

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24

Fujikawa, Takahiro, and Shigeaki Aoki. "A study on the precedence effect under background sound." Acoustical Science and Technology 32, no. 6 (2011): 268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1250/ast.32.268.

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25

Abe, Koji, Shouichi Takane, Masayuki Nishiguchi, and Kanji Watanabe. "Influence of sound source arrangement on the precedence effect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (2016): 3268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4970371.

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26

Shub, Daniel E., Robert H. Gilkey, and H. Steven Colburn. "The role of the precedence effect in sound source lateralization." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 109, no. 5 (2001): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4744370.

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27

Cranford, Jerry L., Martha Boose, and Christopher A. Moore. "Effects of Aging on the Precedence Effect in Sound Localization." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 33, no. 4 (1990): 654–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3304.654.

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The precedence effect in sound localization can be evoked by presenting identical sounds (e.g., clicks) from pairs of loudspeakers placed on opposite sides of a subject’s head. With appropriate inter-loudspeaker delays, normal subjects perceive a fused image originating from the side of the leading loudspeaker. Separate tests at loudspeaker delays ranging from 0 to 8 ms were presented to groups of young and elderly subjects. At 0 ms delay, young subjects perceived the fused image to be located halfway between the loudspeakers; at progressively longer delays, the image was perceived closer to t

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28

Buchner, Axel, Raoul Bell, Klaus Rothermund, and Dirk Wentura. "Sound source location modulates the irrelevant-sound effect." Memory & Cognition 36, no. 3 (2008): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/mc.36.3.617.

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29

Harima, Toshio, Koji Abe, Shouichi Takane, Sojun Sato, and Toshio Sone. "Influence of visual stimulus on the precedence effect in sound localization." Acoustical Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (2009): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1250/ast.30.240.

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30

Rakerd, Brad, and William Morris Hartmann. "Precedence effect with and without interaural differences−Sound localization in three planes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, no. 4 (1992): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.405156.

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31

Huang, J., N. Ohnishi, and N. Sugie. "Sound localization in reverberant environment based on the model of the precedence effect." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 46, no. 4 (1997): 842–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.650785.

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32

van Wijngaarden, Sander J., Adelbert W. Bronkhorst, and Louis C. Boer. "Marking emergency exits and evacuation routes with sound beacons utilizing the precedence effect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 115, no. 5 (2004): 2371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4779984.

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Cranford, Jerry L., Martha Boose, and Christopher A. Moore. "Tests of the Precedence Effect in Sound Localization Reveal Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis." Ear and Hearing 11, no. 4 (1990): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003446-199008000-00005.

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34

Reichert, Michael S., Laurel B. Symes, and Gerlinde Höbel. "Lighting up sound preferences: cross-modal influences on the precedence effect in treefrogs." Animal Behaviour 119 (September 2016): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.07.003.

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35

KIMURA, T., Y. YAMAKATA, M. KATSUMOTO, and K. KAKEHI. "Localization Model of Synthesized Sound Image Using Precedence Effect in Sound Field Reproduction Based on Wave Field Synthesis." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E91-A, no. 6 (2008): 1310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietfec/e91-a.6.1310.

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36

Dent, Micheal L., and Robert J. Dooling. "Investigations of the precedence effect in budgerigars: The perceived location of auditory images." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, no. 4 (2003): 2159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1560161.

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37

Lee, N., D. O. Elias, and A. C. Mason. "A precedence effect resolves phantom sound source illusions in the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 15 (2009): 6357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809886106.

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38

Litovsky, Ruth Y., and Neil A. Macmillan. "Sound localization precision under conditions of the precedence effect: Effects of azimuth and standard stimuli." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96, no. 2 (1994): 752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.411390.

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Harima, Toshio, Kenta Shiga, Koji Abe, Shouichi Takane, Kanji Watanabe, and Sojun Sato. "Relation between perceived direction of a sound image and the behavior of the precedence effect." Applied Acoustics 74, no. 10 (2013): 1122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2013.03.012.

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40

Schroeder, Manfred R. "Listening with Two Ears." Music Perception 10, no. 3 (1993): 255–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285570.

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This informal overview of binaural hearing covers directional hearing (in the horizontal and vertical planes), the precedence and Haas effects and their applications in public-address and "assisted-resonance" systems, artificial reverberation, pseudo-stereophony, binaural release from masking, the cocktail-party effect, central-pitch phenomena, Deutsch's octave illusion, the creation of virtual sound images, and the faithful reproduction of concert hall recordings in an anechoic environment for acoustical quality studies. The article concludes with a brief review of sound-diffusing surfaces ba

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Dent, Micheal L., and Robert J. Dooling. "Investigations of the precedence effect in budgerigars: Effects of stimulus type, intensity, duration, and location." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, no. 4 (2003): 2146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1558391.

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Spitzer, Matthew W., and Terry T. Takahashi. "Sound Localization by Barn Owls in a Simulated Echoic Environment." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 6 (2006): 3571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00982.2005.

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We examined the accuracy and precision with which the barn owl ( Tyto alba) turns its head toward sound sources under conditions that evoke the precedence effect (PE) in humans. Stimuli consisted of 25-ms noise bursts emitted from two sources, separated horizontally by 40°, and temporally by 3–50 ms. At delays from 3 to 10 ms, head turns were always directed at the leading source, and were nearly as accurate and precise as turns toward single sources, indicating that the leading source dominates perception. This lead dominance is particularly remarkable, first, because on some trials, the lagg

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Litovsky, Ruth Y., and Tom C. T. Yin. "Physiological Studies of the Precedence Effect in the Inferior Colliculus of the Cat. II. Neural Mechanisms." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 3 (1998): 1302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.3.1302.

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Litovsky, Ruth Y. and Tom C. T. Yin. Physiological studies of the precedence effect in the inferior colliculus of the cat. II. Neural mechanisms. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1302–1316, 1998. We studied the responses of neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of cats to stimuli known to evoke the precedence effect (PE). This paper focuses on stimulus conditions that probe the neural mechanisms underlying the PE but that are not usually encountered in a natural situation. Experiments were conducted under both free-field (anechoic chamber) and dichotic (headphones) conditions. We found that in free fiel

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Getzmann, Stephan. "The Effect of Spectral Difference on Auditory Saltation." Experimental Psychology 55, no. 1 (2008): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.55.1.64.

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Abstract. Auditory saltation is a spatiotemporal illusion in which the judged positions of sound stimuli are shifted toward subsequent stimuli that follow closely in time and space. In this study, the “reduced-rabbit” paradigm and a direct-location method were employed to investigate the effect of spectral sound content on the saltation illusion. Eighteen listeners were presented with sound sequences consisting of three high-pass or low-pass filtered noise bursts. Noise bursts within a sequence were either the same or differed in frequency. Listeners judged the position of the second sound usi

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45

Baxter, Caitlin S., Brian S. Nelson, and Terry T. Takahashi. "The role of envelope shape in the localization of multiple sound sources and echoes in the barn owl." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 4 (2013): 924–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00755.2012.

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Echoes and sounds of independent origin often obscure sounds of interest, but echoes can go undetected under natural listening conditions, a perception called the precedence effect. How does the auditory system distinguish between echoes and independent sources? To investigate, we presented two broadband noises to barn owls ( Tyto alba) while varying the similarity of the sounds' envelopes. The carriers of the noises were identical except for a 2- or 3-ms delay. Their onsets and offsets were also synchronized. In owls, sound localization is guided by neural activity on a topographic map of aud

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Tollin, Daniel J., and G. Bruce Henning. "Some aspects of the lateralization of echoed sound in man. I. The classical interaural-delay based precedence effect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104, no. 5 (1998): 3030–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.423884.

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47

Agaeva, M. Yu, and N. I. Nikitin. "Masker–Signal Interaction in a Localization Task with a Moving Sound Source under the Influence of Precedence Effect." Human Physiology 46, no. 1 (2020): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0362119720010028.

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Yang, Xuefeng, and D. Wesley Grantham. "Cross-spectral and temporal factors in the precedence effect: Discrimination suppression of the lag sound in free-fielda)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102, no. 5 (1997): 2973–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.420352.

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Litovsky, Ruth Y., and Shelly P. Godar. "Difference in precedence effect between children and adults signifies development of sound localization abilities in complex listening tasks." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128, no. 4 (2010): 1979–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3478849.

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Zhang, Chao, De Jiang Shang, and Qi Li. "Effect of Drive Location on Vibro-Acoustic Characteristics of Submerged Double Cylindrical Shells with Damping Layers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 387 (August 2013): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.387.59.

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Abstract:

Based on the modal superposition method, the analytical model of vibration and sound radiation from submerged double cylindrical shells with damping layers was presented. The shells were described by the classical thin shell theory. The damping layers were described by three-dimensional viscoelastic theory. The annular plates, connecting the double shells, were analyzed with in-plane motion theory. For different drive locations of radial point force on the inner shell, the sound radiated power and the radial quadratic velocity of the model were calculated and analyzed. The results show that ma

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