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Axmadjonov, Nurbek, and D. Xabibullayeva. "CLASSIFICATION AND LINGUOCULTROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PRECEDENT UNITS." Fars Int J Edu Soc Sci Hum 10(12); 2022; 10, no. 12 (2022): 777–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7492466.
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Terskikh, M. V. "Nostalgic Marketing: Soviet Period Precedent Texts in Post-Soviet Advertising." Verba Northwest Linguistic Journal, no. 4 (2023): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/verba-2023-4(9)-41-67.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of precedent texts of the Soviet period used in modern Russian-language advertising messages. Despite the high interest of researchers in the problem of intertext interaction, the study of precedent phenomena updated in advertising remains relevant due to the high dynamism of the advertising industry. The author offers a typology of polycode precedent signs of Soviet culture used in post-Soviet advertising, and also considers the reasons for the increased interest of copywriters in Soviet precedent texts. The following are highlighted as visual precedent identifiers of Soviet discourse broadcast in advertising: font, color, graphics and design, symbols related to the culture and history of the Soviet Union. Verbal precedent texts of the Soviet period are presented by quotes from the poetry of V. Mayakovsky, Soviet books, films and cartoons, songs, slogans of Soviet advertising, phrase schemes of agitation posters, etc. The reasons for the use of Soviet precedent phenomena are determined by the game nature of the impact, appeal to traditions, quality, positive emotions, memory, etc. Thus, as the basic functions of precedent phenomena of the Soviet period in modern advertising, according to the author, one can single out attractive and persuasive functions. All proposed typologies are supported by examples. The article pays special attention to the consideration of product categories, when promoting which appeal to Soviet precedents is the most frequent: naming and strategy for positioning banks and financial services, discourse of club events. The material for the study was the texts of Russian commercial advertising (in total, morethan 100 texts of different formats and genres were considered). The basic method was intertextual analysis, as well as descriptive-analytical, communicative-pragmatic and other methods.
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Trofimchuk, Polina Ilyinichna. "Transformation of precedent movie phrases in comic creolized internet memes (using the movie “Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession” as an example of the source of meme origin)." Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 17, no. 4 (2024): 1207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20240175.
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Research objective is to identify the ways in which precedent movie phrases are transformed into creolized internet memes. The article examines creolized internet memes from the perspective of comic genres, focusing primarily on the transformation methods, which are techniques of linguistic play. The scientific novelty of the research lies in providing a classification of internet memes created on the basis of the Soviet movie text “Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession” (directed by Leonid Gaidai, 1973) according to the method of transformation of the precedent phenomenon. The author of the article proposes to distinguish three groups of transformation of precedent phenomena. In the first group, one or two components in the iconic movie phrase, presented as a simple sentence, are replaced. The transformations in the second group are based on the principle of associative series. In the third group, the transformation leads to the formation of a simulacrum. As a result, it is determined that the replacement of the object, subject, predicate, or two nominative components in the sentence is typically done by selecting lexemes that are phonetically similar to the component being replaced. Transformations based on the principle of associative series result in the combination of fragments from domestic and foreign movie texts. The stages of meme adaptation in cyberspace from a meme to a meta-meme have been identified.
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Ma, Tatyana Yu, and Igor D. Tantzura. "“Melting pot” precedent phrase in the CNN TV channel publications in 2011-2021." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics 8, no. 1 (2022): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/24107190_2022_8_1_113.
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Ma, Tatyana Yu, and Igor D. Tantzura. "“Melting pot” precedent phrase in the CNN TV channel publications in 2011-2021." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics 8, no. 1 (2022): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/24107190_2022_8_1_113.
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Ma, Tatyana Yu, and Igor D. Tantzura. "“Melting pot” precedent phrase in the CNN TV channel publications in 2011-2021." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics 8, no. 1 (2022): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/24107190_2022_8_1_113.
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Semukhina, Elena A., and Aleksandr A. Zaraiskiy. "Precedent Phenomena in French Publicistic Discourse of Religious Character." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 1(2021) (March 25, 2021): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2021-1-150-159.
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The article analyzes the functioning of precedent phenomena in French religion-focused publicistic discourse. The paper investigates the role of precedent phenomena in discursive context, identifies their most frequent types and establishes the specifics of their cultural markedness. The authors used discourse units of up-to-date religious publications on French Internet websites. The main methods of analysis are continuous sampling, description, historical-cultural and contextual analysis, as well as certain statistical methods. All types of precedent phenomena, such as allusive names, utterances and texts, as well as situations and events, are used in French religion-focused publicistic discourse. The most frequently used phenomena are precedent texts, due to the nature of Christian culture based on scriptures and constant reference to sacred texts. Another notably frequent phenomena are precedent events; this might be owing to the specific character of publicistic discourse, the main function of which is to inform about events. Precedent names, utterances and situations are less frequent. Precedent phenomena add meanings to discourse, thus making an utterance deeper and more expressive. They can help to convey an opinion or add sentiment to a phrase. Precedent phenomena in a religion-focused publicistic discourse can express opinions implicitly, through allusions, thus influencing the recipient’s perception of the whole statement. To sum up, precedent phenomena in this type of discourse serve the most important function of publicistic discourse – the function of impact. The vast majority of precedent phenomena used in French religion-focused publicistic discourse are not culturally marked. This proves that religious French people consider themselves to be a part of the global Catholic community.
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Verma, Visakha, and Valerij V. Maroshi. "“The Trembling creature” as a precedent text in modern Russian literature." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 3 (2024): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/88/15.
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The paper summarizes the usage of the precedent text, “the trembling creature,” in Russian literature during the last third of the twentieth and the early twenty-first centuries. The text under study appears as quotations, reminiscences, and various paraphrases. Its origin is attributed to Pushkin, who paraphrased the Bible and the Quran in his poetry to create eventually a memorable periphrasis of a God-fearing man. Dostoevsky’s Raskolnikov quotes and then paraphrases Pushkin’s text, altering its original meaning for his own motives. Since that time, dozens of Russian authors have been paraphrasing Raskolnikov. The paraphrases of the most renowned precedent text tend to function as “Raskolnikov’s word,” though in a truncated, form they are semantically connected to Pushkin’s paraphrase in some contexts. The phrase and Raskolnikov’s dilemma both became the locis communis of the intertext of all Russian literature in general and Crime and Punishment in particular. Contemporary post-modern prose incorporates the dilemma in collage chains of reminiscences and paraphrases. It is typically used by the hero or hero-narrator and becomes a means of self-evaluation. The characterological aspect originates from the initial dilemma, depicting careerist protagonists who “have the right” during the evolving capitalism in Russia, crime bosses driven by intellectual ambitions, or conversely, helpless and humiliated intellectuals. However, the instability of all these characters’ statuses and the duality of their self-identification are preserved. The discourse of specific characters striving to consciously imitate Raskolnikov or even surpass him features a repeated paraphrase.
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Millett, Allan R. "Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Korean War: Cautionary Tale and Hopeful Precedent." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 10, no. 3-4 (2001): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656101793645515.
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AbstractLike most real history, the Korean War left ambiguous, selective, and complex lessons for the policymakers of the Eisenhower administration. The president himself, to borrow Dean Acheson’s phrase, had been “present at the creation” of the war in 1950. He had then distanced himself from it as Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) and as a presidential candidate. He inherited the conflict—a war to be ended—as president. Yet the war never became a defining experience for Dwight D. Eisenhower, nor did it play an inordinate role in his foreign and defense policies. His geo-strategic views had developed well before 1950, most obviously during World War II. The Korean conflict, a post-colonial civil war that became an internationalized regional conflict, was not even unique enough in its own time to dominate the national security conceptualization that became “the New Look” or “the Great Equation.” It might have encouraged a “Great Evasion,” an unwillingness to deal with instability in the Middle East and Asia, but instead the Eisenhower administration coped, more or less successfully, with comparable turmoil in the Philippines, Thailand, Iran, and Lebanon. It is true that the next land war in Asia—to be avoided at all costs according to the Korean “never again” strategic gurus—awaited a change of presidents, but President Eisenhower committed an Army-Marine Corps expeditionary force to Lebanon in 1958. So much for avoiding the use of American ground forces in local wars.
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Shumkina, I. V. "Intertextual inclusions from a bard song as a phenomenon of implication in newspaper speech." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 28, no. 4 (2023): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2022-28-4-139-146.
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The article considers reduction as a way to transform quotes and winged expressions from bard songs. The material for the study was socio-political publications with fragments of lyrics by B.Okudzhava, V.Vysotsky, A.Galich, Yu.Vizbor, Yu.Kukin. The article presents different ways of variant formation based on the reduction of the component composition of statements, as well as semantic-stylistic and lexical-grammatical characteristics of the reduction of quotations and popular expressions from song texts are given. It has been established that the reduction of quotes and winged expressions from bard songs is one of the productive types of their modification in the press, characterized by wide variability. Different types of reduction of the component composition are distinguished reduction of the beginning and end of the phrase, contraction, isolation of key components. It is determined that reduction leads to a semantic renewal of the phrase, which is expressed in a shift of the semantic center or a change in the meaning of the statement. Implicit modifications of phrases presented in headings are often characterized by the semantics of incompleteness. Lexico-grammatical markers of incompleteness are function words, pronouns, syntactic extenders, and ellipsis. The implicational isolation was subjected to a separate consideration. The result of this type of reduction in the material under consideration was the formation of phrasemes of substantive-adjective, substantive-substantive and verb-substantive types. The isolation of phrasemes is accompanied by grammatical variation of components, which is the result of adaptation to a new syntactic environment. In addition, the isolation may be accompanied by a change in the internal syntactic links between the components. The research allows to clarify the lexicographic data and enhance the understanding of the bard song as a source of logoepisthems and precedent phenomena in modern language practice
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Jia, Junwen. "National and Cultural Peculiarities of the Use of Phraseological Expressions in Chinese and Russian." Litera, no. 3 (March 2023): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.3.40037.
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Idioms are the essence of a people's language and have a distinctive important national character. An idiom is a frequently used phrase that plays an important role in everyday communication. The differences in the structure, metaphorical use, the origin of the precedent phrases reveal the individuality of the two languages and cultures. The article provides a comparative analysis of the use of idioms in Russian and Chinese. Although modern vocabulary is a part of the language, which has greatly developed and changed, this does not mean that all its laws are in a state of fluidity there are two kinds of lexical laws - static and dynamic. The aim of the research is to carry out the analysis of Russian and Chinese phraseological expressions. The subject of the research is the national and cultural peculiarities of the use of phraseological expressions. Methods of research - analysis of scientific sources on the topic of research. Results of work. In Russian language idioms are called "salt of life" and "fruit of historical wisdom". In this article we will first try to discuss the lexical features of modern language to shed light on this topic. The results of the study can be applied in further comparison of the phraseological units of the two countries. The novelty of the research is due to the lack of scientific elaboration of the issue. All this actualizes the chosen topic of our research.
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Kilian, Neels. "A South African–Australian Perspective on the Legal Implications Related to being “Entitled to Serve” as a Director." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 23 (July 23, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2020/v23i0a8174.
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This article focuses on an Australian piece of legislation and interesting case law, as well as how the Federal Court of Australia has applied Australia’s Corporations Act 2001, to characterise a person as a de facto director – that is, as a professed director whose appointment as such was defective. In this regard, the decisions of that Court will, as envisaged in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996, constitute persuasive authority. The Australian decision to be discussed in this article is significant in that the South African Companies Act 71 of 2008 does not contain substantively similar provisions to those of Australia’s Corporations Act 2001. For example, section 66(7) of the Companies Act 2008, contains the phrase “entitled to serve” as a director. This article explains the legal implications relevant to that expression, including whether it imposes a statutory condition precedent. This article also considers the validity of decisions taken by a person who is not “entitled to serve” as a director.
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Howe, Nicholas. "Aldhelm's Enigmata and Isidorian etymology." Anglo-Saxon England 14 (December 1985): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100001265.
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In failing to abide by the chief rule of their genre, the Enigmata of Aldhelm have themselves become something of a riddle: for why should their author give, in the form of a title word or phrase, the solution to each of the one hundred riddles? By violating from the start the essential quality of any riddle – a seeming impossibility of solution – Aldhelm would seem to neglect the point made in this Swedish riddle about riddles: ‘When one does not know what it is, then it is something; but when one does know what it is, then it is nothing.’ Certainly the work of Symphosius provided Aldhelm with a precedent for including solutions to his riddles; but this fact in itself does not explain very much about Aldhelm's practice, for it ignores the pleasure he took in exploring the possibilities of the riddle as a genre. Since his work as a whole demonstrates a taste for the difficult and esoteric, it is not surprising that his Enigmata should pose this riddle of their own. His practice in this regard is all the more intriguing because very few of the enigmata are difficult to solve, even without their titles. They differ quite markedly from the riddles of the Exeter Book, many of which are insoluble. In the paradoxical fashion so beloved of riddlers, the mystery of the enigma is also the important clue. That is, the title word or phrase offers in the obvious sense a solution; but in a more esoteric, linguistic sense it may also present a riddle of its own.
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Мозгунова, Александра Дмитриевна. "JAPANESE ADVERTISEMENTS AND COMMERCIALS IN THE CONTEXT OF PRECEDENT-RELATED PHENOMENA: IDEAS AND IMAGES." Pedagogical Review, no. 2(32) (March 25, 2022): 112–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2312-7899-2022-2-112-135.
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Философы постмодерна рассматривают язык не пассивным посредником между реальностью и мышлением, а призмой, через которую человек воспринимает эту реальность. Так, Ж. Бодрийяр высказывает идею о том, что человек посредством СМИ потребляет сами знаки, а не действительность. Схожая задача ставится и перед рекламными текстами. Реклама представляет собой особый вид текста, который, являясь одним из инструментов, стимулирующих экономические процессы, одновременно обладает огромной силой психологического воздействия. Реклама стала неотъемлемой частью массовой культуры современного общества, ее основная цель состоит уже не только в информировании потребителя о товарах и услугах, но и в формировании оценок, установок и образа жизни человека. С другой стороны, визуализируя интересы, желания, мотивы потребителя, формируя его потребности, реклама отражает менталитет страны, в которой она была создана, а также ценностные установки общества, апеллируя к ним. В этой связи представляется актуальным проанализировать употребление прецедентных феноменов в японоязычных рекламных сообщениях с тем, чтобы выявить, какие образы формируются на их основе, как воспринимает и оценивает себя японское общество. Для достижения цели были применены методы наблюдения и обобщения, сплошной выборки, описания, когнитивной интерпретации и количественной обработки.Прецедентные феномены представляют собой вербальные и невербальные элементы, отсылки к которым возобновляются в дискурсе носителя определенной лингвокультуры. Среди прецедентных феноменов выделяют прецедентные текст, имя, высказывание и ситуацию. Обладая эмоциональной и когнитивной значимостью, прецедентные феномены аксиологически заряжены и зачастую употребляются в коннотативном значении, помогая вербализации культурного концепта и актуализации в сознании реципиента определенных оценок и ассоциаций, ценностных установок целого пласта социума. Речь идет как об оценке рекламируемого товара, так и об оценке и позиционировании самих себя в мировой системе координат либо через контраст реальной ситуации с прецедентной, либо через соположение; это возможно благодаря тому, что прецедентный феномен является хранилищем экстралингвистической и энциклопедической информации.Анализ прецедентных феноменов, обнаруженных в японской рекламе, позволяет сделать вывод, что наиболее частотным является употребление прецедентных имён, что продиктовано необходимостью введения в рекламное сообщение главного героя сюжета, осуществляющего аргументацию: реципиент следит за развитием рекламного сюжета с участием знакомых персонажей, в перипетиях которого теряется навязчивая утилитарная направленность рекламы. Зачастую прецедентные феномены выполняют парольную функцию: в японской рекламе преобладают феномены национальной культуры; наиболее часто встречаются феномены, относящиеся к полю «История», на втором месте оказывается поле «Сказки». Тенденция к использованию в рекламных сообщениях прецедентных феноменов, относящихся к вышеуказанным полям, отражает позитивное и уважительное отношение японцев к своей истории, культуре, корням: в рекламе формируется образ единой мононациональной страны, ценящей и осознающей преемственность и тесную связь с общим прошлым, которым она заслуженно гордится. Philosophers of postmodernism consider language to be not a passive mediator between reality and consciousness but a prism, through which people interpret the reality: J. Baudrillard said that mass media demonstrate people signs instead of reality. It is similar to the role that advertisements and commercials play. Ads and commercials reveal and, moreover, help create intentions and desires of society, and have a close relationship with it, being a kind of a guide for the recipient. It seems to be an issue of high importance to investigate the usage of precedent-related phenomena in Japanese advertisements and commercials to distinct how Japanese society represents, evaluates, and reflects itself, what images the society and the recipient can create through them. Precedent-related phenomena are verbal and non-verbal elements which are repeated in the discourse of a linguacultural community. There are several types of precedent-related phenomena such as precedent-related text, name, phrase, and situation. Being important in emotional and cognitive ways, precedent-related phenomena are often used in connotative meanings in order to reveal cultural values and associations within the recepient: precedent-related phenomena help express values and cultural concepts of a group or society. They make possible to estimate the product or to manifest one’s position on a global scale by comparing or contrasting a real situation with a precedent-related one. Therefore, precedent-related phenomena impact the recipient with all their linguacultural information, and imply additional characteristics. Precedent-related phenomena are used not only in oral or written speech, literature, but also in advertisements and commercials, which borrow all the above-mentioned features. Thus, such phenomena help imply positive meanings to the object of ads, draw attention to it, imply characterization, become a source of argumentation through emotional cognition, entertain the recipient and bring them aesthetic pleasure when a well-known precedent-related phenomenon becomes, for example, a part of a pun or a core part of narrative advertising. Precedent-related phenomena are frequently used in headings or slogans to catch the recipient’s attention or set the tone of an advertisement, to create a more complicated image of a product via associations. The analysis shows that, among all precedent-related phenomena in advertisements and commercials, names are used more frequently. Perhaps this is due to the necessity to introduce the protagonist, who will express the product’s advantages, into the conception. A precedent-related name can also build direct or indirect arguments. Recipients follow the advertisement’s plot, where familiar precedent-related names appear, and its twists and turns help hide the intentions of utilitarianism marketing. Precedent-related phenomena can also serve a function of a password: phenomena based on national culture dominate in Japanese advertisements and commercials. Among the different source-fields of the phenomena, the “History” field predominates, the “Fairy-Tales” comes second. This highlights Japanese society’s respectful and positive attitude to their history and culture. Ads and commercials create an image of a mono-national society, who understand and value their link to ancestors and their heritage, which all the Japanese are truly proud of.
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Butler, George F. "Statius and Dante's Giants: The Thebaid and the Commedia." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 39, no. 1 (2005): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001458580503900101.
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Near the beginning of Inferno 31, Dante's pilgrim mistakes the giants of Cocytus for a wall of towers surrounding a city. While Dante's account does not have a clear parallel in the Aeneid or Metamorphoses, it summons the Thebaid. In the underworld of Statius' poem, soldiers who are the offspring of Mars encircle a blood-red lake. Statius calls them earth-born, and his phrase links them with the rebellious giants of classical myth. Statius also stresses their love of war. So too, Dante emphasizes the ferocity of his giants and associates them with Mars; and Cocytus is fed by Phlegethon, which is red with blood. Dante finds in Statius a precedent for commenting on the moral qualities of his giants, and he evokes the Thebaid to underscore their violence and stupidity. In doing so he reinforces the authority of Statius, who will guide the pilgrim through purgatory; underscores Thebes as a model for the city of Dis; and points to the Thebaid as a poem that is possibly more significant than Virgil's Aeneid.
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Mangelschots, Katinka, Sonja Ugen, and Constanze Weth. "Profiles of poor and good spellers in German noun capitalization." L1-Educational Studies in Language and Literature 23 (May 15, 2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/l1esll.2023.23.1.460.
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This study investigated how fourth graders with different proficiency levels (1st and 4th quartile, 192 and 195 pupils respectively) produce and detect German noun capitalization in relation to two factors, lexical-semantic characteristics of the noun and the structure of the noun phrase (NP). The first factor includes concrete and abstract nouns, and nominalized verbs and adjectives, the second factor the syntactic context of the NP (with or without determiner and/or adjective, including bare noun). The two proficiency groups showed different patterns in the production and detection of capitalization in relation to these two factors after three years of instruction in noun capitalization. The low-proficiency group performed on chance level only for concrete nouns in the context with precedent determiner, the context highlighted at school. The high-proficiency group seemed to make use systematically of the expanded NP in order to recognize and capitalize the noun but still had difficulties with most bare nouns. The paper discusses the type of information low- and high-achieving pupils seem to use in noun capitalization and detection.
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Immonen, Sini, та Jukka Mäkisalo. "Pauses Reflecting the Processing of Syntactic Units in Monolingual Text Production and Translation". HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 23, № 44 (2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v23i44.97266.
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This study explores how the process of translating relates to other types of writing processes by comparing pause lengths preceding syntactic units (words, phrases and clauses) in two types of writing task, a monolingual text production and a translation. It also discusses the grounds for interpreting pause length as a reflection of the cognitive demands of the writing process. The data was collected from 18 professional translators using the Translog keystroke logging software (Jakobsen/Schou 1999). Each subject wrote two texts: an expository text in Finnish and a translation from English into Finnish (Immonen 2006: 316-319). Firstly, phrase boundary pauses were categorised according to type, function and length of phrase. All three features correlate with pause length. On average, predicate phrases are preceded by short pauses, adpositional phrases by long pauses, and pauses preceding noun phrases grow with the length of the phrase. These fi ndings suggest that the processing of the predicate begins before written production of the clause is started, whereas noun phrases and adpositional phrases are processed during writing. Secondly, pauses preceding clauses were categorised with respect to clause type. In monolingual text production, pauses preceding subordinate clauses are on average shorter than those leading to main clauses. In translation, pauses preceding subordinate and main clauses are almost the same length. It seems therefore that, in translation, the main clause and subordinate clause are processed separately despite the fact that the subordinate clause functions as a syntactic unit within the main clause.
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Neuhaus, Christiane, Thomas R. Knösche, and Angela D. Friederici. "Effects of Musical Expertise and Boundary Markers on Phrase Perception in Music." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 3 (2006): 472–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.3.472.
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A neural correlate for phrase boundary perception in music has recently been identified in musicians. It is called music closure positive shift (“music CPS”) and has an equivalent in the perception of speech (“language CPS”). The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of musical expertise and different phrase boundary markers on the music CPS, using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and event-related magnetic fields (ERFs). Musicians and nonmusicians were tested while listening to binary phrased melodies. ERPs and ERFs of both subject groups differed considerably from each other. Phrased melody versions evoked an electric CPS and a magnetic CPSm in musicians, but an early negativity and a less pronounced CPSm in nonmusicians, suggesting different perceptual strategies for both subject groups. Musicians seem to process musical phrases in a structured manner similar to language. Nonmusicians, in contrast, are thought to detect primarily discontinuity in the melodic input. Variations of acoustic cues in the vicinity of the phrase boundary reveal that the CPS is influenced by a number of parameters that are considered to indicate phrasing in melodies: pause length, length of the last tone preceding the pause, and harmonic function of this last tone. This is taken as evidence that the CPS mainly reflects higher cognitive processing of phrasing, rather than mere perception of pauses. Furthermore, results suggest that the ERP and MEG methods are sensitive to different aspects within phrase perception. For both subject groups, qualitatively different ERP components (CPS and early negativity) seem to reflect a top-down activation of general but different phrasing schemata, whereas quantitatively differing MEG signals appear to reflect gradual differences in the bottom-up processing of acoustic boundary markers.
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Conte, Maria-Elisabeth. "Anaphoric Encapsulation." Coherence and Anaphora 10 (January 1, 1996): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.10.02con.
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Abstract. Anaphoric encapsulation is a cohesive device by which a noun phrase functions as a resumptive paraphrase for a preceding portion of a text. The anaphoric noun phrase is constructed with a general noun as the lexical head and a clear preference for a demonstrative determiner. By anaphoric encapsulation, a new discourse referent is created on the basis of old information; it becomes the argument of further predications. As a semantic integration device, encapsulating noun phrases label preceding text-portions; they appear at nodal points in the text. When the head of the anaphoric noun phrase is an axionym, anaphoric encapsulation may be a strong means of manipulating the reader. Finally, anaphoric encapsulation may also result in the categorization and hypostasis of speech acts and argumentative functions in discourse.
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Shafranskaya, Eleonora F. "“Tashkent front”: basing on folklore daily life and literature." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 62 (2021): 232–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2021-62-232-245.
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For about a century and a half, Tashkent was part of the region of Russian statehood. During this time, the toponym Tashkent has enriched the Russian language with a number of phraseological expressions. For example, back in the 19th century, the ironic phrase “gentlemen of Tashkent” arose thanks to Saltykov-Shchedrin. In a considerable number of “Tashkent” phraseological units we meet the “Tashkent front”. The present paper appeals to this precedent text, a kind of slander that appears during the Great Patriotic War. On the basis of memoir and fiction (diaries and memories of Vs. Ivanov, K. Chukovsky, L. Chukovskaya, E. Meletinsky and narratives by V. Nekrasov, K. Simonov and N. Gromova), the author considers this phraseologism in its existence context that gives rise both to its component parts (“Tashkent medals”, “Tashkent partisans”) and ambiguous interpretations (the real approach of the “German” to Tashkent, the rescuing locus and the labor front, the recent military past). In the context of K. Simonov's short novel “Twenty days without war” and N. Gromova's archival novels, the author examines a traumatic stage in a biography of the Soviet poet V. Lugovsky accused by his contemporaries of dodging the war on the “Tashkent front”. The study also mentions the name of Nikolai Karazin — in the form of a pattern of Central Asian wars, significant both for the writer Simonov and for the historical and cultural meta-text.
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Labenko, Oksana, Oleksandra Palchevska, and Olha Labenko. "MYSTICAL SYMBOLS IN THE CULINARY DISCOURSE OF JOAN HARRIS’S NOVEL “CHOCOLAT”." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 55, no. 6 (2023): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/5506.
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The article deals with analyzing the nature of Joan Harris’s novel “Chocolat” mystical symbolism. The authors state that the culinary discourse is a mixed, personal-oriented type of communication, which is manifested in the everyday communication sphere which has an institutional character. Foreign language Culinary discourse is represented by precedent texts of culinary recipes that reflect the specifics of national culture, which has social and gender characteristics and is a special type of communication that uses certain professional-oriented signs – terminology, stable turns of phrase, characteristic morphosyntactic structures. It is noted that sign are characterized by a symbolic nature, structuredness, the presence of cultural interpretants, individually authored nature of coding, communicative orientation. Certain features of the image indicate that it acts as a special connecting link between the life world of a person and the linguistic representation of this world. This is done through the process of encoding spiritual and cultural values with the help of linguistic means (signs). The magic in the plot of the novel is connected, first of all, with mystical seniority. The novel, written as a diary of the heroine and her daughter, alternating with the letters of Vianne’s antagonist, Curé Raynaud, to his father, intimates the story from the beginning, emphasizing the specific symbolism of the characters’ world. All this makes it possible to imagine chocolate as a mystical substance that evokes a whole range of sensations described in detail in the novel.
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Collier, Marcus J. "Are field boundary hedgerows the earliest example of a nature-based solution?" Environmental Science and Policy 120 (February 12, 2021): 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.02.008.
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The arrival of the phrase nature-based solutions into the lexicon of academics, planners, managers and policymakers in recent years has sparked a heated debate as to the effectiveness of using nature as a viable solution for mitigating the impacts of anthropogenic environmental change. One of the difficulties of evaluating the potential efficacy and impact of nature-based solutions is that it is believed that there is little evidence by way of a precedent or long-term successful examples. Much literature exists on the subject of designing with nature to provide multi-functional green infrastructure, connectivity in the landscape, and ecosystem service provision. Indeed, in the opinion of many, the nature-based solution approach appears to synergise research into green infrastructure, ecological connectivity and ecosystem service provision for building climate-related resilience. However, when a nature-based solution has been specifically selected over, say, an engineered solution the literature is rather less clear. So, decision-makers may find it necessary to rely on less reliable sources of impact evidence. This paper argues that field boundary hedgerows may be considered to be exemplars of a nature-based solution, one that was planned, designed, perfected and mainstreamed at a landscape scale, that was specifically selected over a non-nature-based solution, and one that is still in providing solutions and co-benefits today. Therefore, hedgerows may provide some perspective into the potential or emergent co-benefits that the current nature-based solution approach seeks to provide.
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Wallis, Sean. "Investigating the additive probability of repeated language production decisions." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 24, no. 4 (2019): 490–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.17093.wal.
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Abstract This paper introduces an experimental paradigm based on probabilistic evidence of the interaction between construction decisions in a parsed corpus. The approach is demonstrated using ICE-GB, a one million-word corpus of English. It finds an interaction between attributive adjective phrases in noun phrases with a noun head, such that the probability of adding adjective phrases falls successively. The same pattern is much weaker in adverbs preceding a verb phrase, implying this decline is not a universal phenomenon. Noun phrase postmodifying clauses exhibit a similar initial fall in the probability of successive clauses modifying the same NP head, and embedding clauses modifying new NP heads. Successive postmodification shows a secondary phenomenon of an increase in additive probability in longer sequences, apparently due to ‘templating’ effects. The author argues that these results can only be explained as cognitive and communicative natural phenomena acting on and within recursive grammar rules.
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Heppner, Jr., Richard L. "Rooted: Metaphors and Judicial Philosophy in Artis v. District of Columbia." Indiana Law Review 56, no. 2 (2023): 329–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/27224.
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This Article examines how the metaphors in judicial opinions reveal judicial theories of lawmaking and judicial philosophies. It does so through a close reading of Justice Ginsburg’s majority opinion and Justice Gorsuch’s dissenting opinion in Artis v. District of Columbia, 138 S. Ct. 594 (2018).
 Artis was about what the phrase “shall be tolled” means in the federal supplemental jurisdiction statute, 28 U.S.C. §1367. Does it pause the statute of limitations while a state-law claim is in federal court or keep it running? In holding that Congress used “stop the clock” tolling, an “off-the-shelf” legal device that pauses the statute of limitations, Justice Ginsburg’s majority opinion uses conventional, mechanistic metaphors. Justice Gorsuch’s dissent uses more elaborate, agrarian metaphors to argue that Congress used a stricter “grace period” version of tolling because “[w]hen Congress replants the roots of preexisting law in the federal code, this Court assumes it brings with it the surrounding soil.”
 This Article shows that Justice Ginsburg’s mechanistic metaphors describe lawmaking like engineering and bespeak a mode of judicial interpretation based on purpose and precedent—while Justice Gorsuch’s agrarian metaphors hark back to a pastoral conception of lawmaking and interpretation “rooted” in a mythical common-law history and tradition. It then compares Justice Ginsburg’s moreunderstated use of conventional metaphors to Justice Gorsuch’s more performative metaphorical technique, arguing that their different rhetorical strategies reflect their different visions of lawmaking and interpretive philosophies. And it closes by showing how close attention to the metaphors theyuse can reveal the flaws in each approach.
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Dmitrieva, Maria N. "POLITENESS AS A WAY TO ENCOURAGE CONVERSATION." German Philology at the St Petersburg State University 13 (2023): 228–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu33.2023.112.
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The empirical material is the novel of the German-speaking writer B. Schirmer Schlehweins Giraffe. The research focuses on speech strategies and tactics of politeness as one of the components of verbal communication addressed to the Giraffe. Recorded in a text, the model of verbal and non-verbal behavior of a person, the author, trying to encourage a conversation with an animal is analysed. The category of politeness, thus, appears in a single discursive space with the direction. The relevance of the study is explained by the communicative and pragmatic approach applied to the analysis of speech addressed to an animal. The narrator treats the animal with great care. He also asks various questions to the Giraffe as he believes the Giraffe is able to communicate. However, the author fails to establish communication. The Giraffe is silent. The narrator uses directive linguistic means in the colloquial style of speech: brief questions, accentual particles, lexical and syntactic repetitions, appeals to the Giraffe and so on. The author-narrator repeatedly corrects his verbal behavior, uses various strategies, but, eventually, comes to the conclusion, that the Giraffe is incoherent. Finding herself in a usual natural environment, the Giraffe unexpectedly reproduces a phrase which belongs to the group of precedent texts, to the surprise of the narrator. The narrator understands the reasons for the Giraffe’s persistent silence. The communicative strategy of the author-narrator changes, his speech becomes rude and impolite. Thus, the language material illustrates the widest spectrum of politeness pragmatics and deviations from this speech strategy.
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Garnham, Alan, and Jane Oakhill. "Interpreting Elliptical Verb Phrases." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 39, no. 4 (1987): 611–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748708401805.
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Elliptical verb phrases are anaphoric expressions whose correct interpretation depends on the exact form of the preceding text as well as its meaning. However, people are not very good at remembering surface details of what they read or hear, so how do they understand such expressions? One alternative to a linguistically based interpretation of elliptical verb phrases is to assign them meanings that are plausible, given general knowledge about the situation being described. In an experiment, subjects read passages in which context provided a plausible interpretation for an elliptical verb phrase that either was or was not at odds with the linguistically correct interpretation. There was a tendency for subjects to assign plausible, but incorrect, meanings to elliptical verb phrases. This tendency increased with the distance between the elliptical verb phrase and its antecedent. Incorrect interpretations were assigned slowly, and the speed of assignment increased with distance from the antecedent. These results suggest that people try to interpret elliptical verb phrases correctly, but that they are not always able to do so. Furthermore, they indicate that the intuition that elliptical verb phrases are easy to interpret is misleading. If text is to be comprehensible, speakers and writers must use such expressions with care.
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WANG, SHUOYING, and Larisa Aleksandrovna Zhdanova. "The "Lost Generation" in the Modern Russian-language Journalistic Discourse." Litera, no. 3 (March 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.3.39866.
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The article examines the use of the term lost generation in modern journalistic discourse, which originally referred to writers of the first half of the twentieth century who passed the First World War and expressed in their work its tragic experience, their inner emptiness and alienation from society. The presence of an attribute with a characterizing meaning in this idiomatic term allows it to be determinologized and used in modern Russian speech as a free phrase: in relation to different generations of people, primarily to modern Russian youth. The purpose of the article is to describe the main types of usage of the syntagma lost generation in modern Russian speech and to identify their connection with the original meaning of the term. The research material is contexts extracted from the National Corpus of the Russian language, as well as the results of the linguistic experiment conducted by the authors. The authors uses quantitative, functional-semantic, descriptive methods, uses the method of component analysis, highlights the main meanings and areas of use of syntagma as a steadily reproducible precedent nomination. Comparison of the experimental results and analysis of the contexts of the National Corpus of the Russian language shows significant consistency. Both in the survey and in the corpus, the terminological use is quite frequent (the second most frequent among all the selected types), however, it is significantly inferior to the totality of non-terminological uses, among which both close to the original and rather distant ones stand out (‘youth’, ‘people who did not justify the hopes placed on them in the professional sphere’, ‘socially unprotected groups' and others).
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Stepanenko, Mykola. "LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC SYSTEM OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE IN CURRENT DYNAMIC USAGE." Philological Review, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2415-8828.1.2021.232710.
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The article analyses the latest changes in the lexical-semantic system of the Ukrainian language within clearly defined period – the year of 2020. It has been proved that the appearance of a new lexeme is associated with some intra- and extra-lingual factors. These lexical units are the carriers of information about what is happening in the society, and how the representatives of various social strata are involved in a particular event. It has been established that the most used words in the defined are connected with medicine; the dominant position occupies such nouns as covid, coronavirus. The article underlines that the spread of the COVID-19 in Ukraine influenced the formation of the phraseological system, e.g. folk poetic rhymes, which are usually variants of widely used paremic constructions. The motivational basis of lexical coinages has been analysed. This refers to the lexical units based on the surname of the current president; the dynamics of this process has been traced for the period 2004–2020. The author determined the mechanism of coining new lexemes based on the surnames of the prominent Ukrainian politicians close to President. The article clarifies the onomasiological basis of new lexical units of proprietary and non-proprietary origins of previously coined and newly coined or renamed political forces. An important way to expand the lexicon is to change the meaning of words. This is due to the fact that the lexical unit enters the innovative linguistic sphere determined by extra-lingual factors, when it acquires a new meaning or becomes a creative resource for other lexemes. The nouns vodomor (water starving) and Velur (the name of the restaurant notorious for breaking quarantine restrictions) have been carefully analysed, the constitutive possibilities of the latter, which relate to its lexical-semantic, syntagmatic nature, have been clarified. Exceptional attention is paid to the precedent expression “what is the difference” in the focus of its semantization (acquisition of ambiguity), grammaticalization (existence in the role of noun-adjective phrase or its functional equivalent – a complex occasional word), phraseological, semantic, syntax, axiology (attributive, object, subjective functions), word-forming possibilities (becoming on its basis a way of composing and suffixing nouns “kakaiaraznik” (What-is-the-differenter), “kakayaraznitstvo” (What-is-the-differentment)). The subject of the study was also the innovative structures that were formed on the model of lexical phrases with social meaning which are on the stage of forming.
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Erkinova, N. "THE ART OF PRECEDENT UNITS IN E. SHUKUR’S POEMS." Frontline Social Sciences and History Journal 03, no. 05 (2023): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/social-fsshj-03-05-06.
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This article discusses the art of precedent units in E. Shukur’s poems. For lingupoetic analysis, the artistic-aesthetic function of the precedent units used in the artistic text is important. In the composition of the artistic text, phrases and sentences as precedent units are not used for nothing, they are, without a word, introduced into the text based on the purpose of creating art.
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Wulandari, Ni Kadek Jeany, and Ida Ayu Sadnyini. "Juridical Analysis of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 29/PUU-XIV/2016 About the Attorney General's Authority to Allow Deponering in Indonesia." Al-Qadha : Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perundang-Undangan 11, no. 2 (2024): 345–56. https://doi.org/10.32505/qadha.v11i2.9198.
Full textAbstract:
The authority of the Attorney General to provide assistance in criminal cases or to exercise deponering is a form of discretionary power regulated under Law Number 16 of 2004 concerning the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia. This authority underwent a significant procedural shift following the Constitutional Court Decision Number 29/PUU-XIV/2016. The decision addressed issues with Article 35(c), particularly the phrase requiring the Attorney General to consider the advice and opinions of state power bodies when evaluating the public interest. This study employs normative legal methods with conceptual, statute, case, and comparative approaches. Both primary and secondary legal texts are used. One important thing that makes this study stand out is that it looks closely at the Constitutional Court's decision. This decision is a turning point for making the deferring power process more fair and clear. Unlike other studies, this one focuses on how the decision combines the Attorney General's freedom of choice with ways to stop abuse by making the government more accountable and open. The findings reveal that the Constitutional Court's decision establishes that the advice of state power bodies is not binding but must still be objectively considered by the Attorney General. The decision underscores the importance of transparency in exercising deponering authority, emphasizing the need to base decisions on the public interest. As a result of this ruling, the mechanism for implementing deponering has become more structured and transparent, reducing the risk of abuse of authority by the Attorney General. This study concludes that the Constitutional Court's decision has positively influenced the regulation of criminal law regarding deponering authority in Indonesia and sets a new precedent for the discretionary powers of law enforcement officials.
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Pinezhaninova, Natalia P. "Poetic Citations in the Narrative Structure of Vladimir Nabokov’s Story “Cloud, Lake, Tower”." World of the Russian Word, no. 2 (2024): 48–55. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu30.2024.206.
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The article examines the interpretive possibilities of two fragments of Feodor Tyutchev’s poetry as key text-forming elements in the narrative structure of Vladimir Nabokov’s story “Cloud, Lake, Tower”. This approach is based on the perception of quotation fragments as a source of intertextual codes that demonstrate two-way communication: retrospective, referring to Tyutchev’s texts, and projective, anticipating the author’s intention in modeling further narrative. The way quotations are presented in the text largely determines the strategies of establishing referential links between the quoted fragment and the verbal and figurative deployment of motif lines. In order to reveal the propositional meaning of the quoted elements, the author analyzes the way of deconstructing the precedent phrase in the connecting link with reminiscence. The organizing role of the author’s forms of quotation for the formation of the interpretative field of poetic inclusions in the art text is determined. The author traces the methods of actualization of semantic components of the theme of silence in the explication of the main narrative motifs and reveals the modeling principle of the author’s play with cultural codes that acquire their own plan of expression in the opposition/displacement of the conventions of poetic and everyday language. The manifestation of the writer’s artistic self-reflection in the reconstruction of the theme of poetic silence in interaction with the social and everyday context of the narrative is shown. The ironic and parodic elements located at different value-semantic levels of the text are revealed. It is stated that the transposition of quotations into the context of the story contributes to the expansion of intertextual space from intertextual and auto-intertextual paradigms, in which the theme of silence is inscribed, to ironic distancing as a way of author’s self-objectification.
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Al-Rawi, F. N. H., and A. R. George. "Tablets from the Sippar library III. Two Royal Counterfeits." Iraq 56 (1994): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900002886.
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This article continues the publication of tablets from the library of the temple of Šamaš at Sippar begun in volume 52 of this journal. Presented here are the library's copies of two texts which have in common the fact that they are not what they purport to be: Maništūšu's cruciform monument, and a literary letter of Samsu-iluna. Both texts are clearly fictitious compositions which postdate their supposed royal authors by a long time. Their purpose was apparently to supply evidence of historical precedent. The invented evidence which these documents present as fact would be intended to substantiate or advance the claims of those who wrote them. While both tablets are duplicates of known texts, each adds to a greater or lesser degree to our knowledge of these texts, not least by filling lacunae and by confirming or rebutting the restorations of previous editors.The identification of a tablet from niche 8 B as a duplicate of the last column of a large Neo-Babylonian exercise tablet from Ur allows this text to be properly identified for the first time. It is one of several royal letters in Akkadian, some apparently genuine, others certainly bogus, which entered the scribal tradition and survive in late copies. This example purports to be from Samsu-iluna, the son and successor of Hammurapi of Babylon, to Enlil-nādin-šumi, a man whose several titles identify him as a very senior figure, and apparently a royal prince. As is the case with the Cruciform Inscription of Maništūšu, anachronisms in the text mark the composition out as later than it purports to be. Following the formulae which name the letter's addressee and sender the text itself opens with the phrase umma ana narê, an expression that also appears in a probably genuine letter of Nebuchadnezzar I.
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Osokina, Elena A. "Authorial neologisms and occasionalisms. The phenomenon of the novel “The Little hero” by F.M. Dostoevsky." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 3 (2019): 653–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-3-653-664.
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The purpose of the study is to identify neologisms and occasionalisms as special words and phrases that characterize the author’s idiostyle; to show their origin; to explain their difference and similarity; to clarify the terminology. The aim of the study is to show new words and combinations of words in the General fabric of the author’s text and explain their use and purpose; to trace the dependence of the number of neologisms and occasionalisms on the conditions of creation of the work and the initial idea of the author. The method of linguistic research is the use of electronic and corpus technology in the study of literary text. Standard spelling program allows you to see in the text of neologisms and occasional, which stand out as different from the norm of literary language. Then the linguistic analysis of innovations is carried out and their classification is made on the basis of similar signs on etymology, word formation and morphological, semantic and phraseological modification. Take into account the precedent of the creation of the neologism occasionalism or due to the Cabinet technology. Clarification of terms to describe the language of the writer and his creative manner leads to a unification of understanding neologisms and occasionalisms in context due to the usage of the author, allowing you to create a special vertext in understanding any text. This is expressed in the anticipation of the perception of the text and in a concise and capacious characterization. Quantitative picture of neologisms-occasionalisms in all the works of Dostoevsky and every in the long term makes it possible to compare how different works of the writer and of works of different authors in the synchrony and diachrony of the Russian language. The research initially is the text of the story “Little hero”, which was written during the imprisonment in the Peter and Paul fortress, that is special for a person and writer extreme conditions of stress, and then drawing the material of other works presenting meaningful, chronological and quantitative interest on the use of neologisms and occasionalisms. This fixation of the reader’s attention on the vanishing moment makes it necessary to create a new word or phrase in the event that the main character of the story becomes invisible, small, almost disappearing. Psychologically, this technique can be explained by the revival of the author’s self-consciousness after severe stress. The phenomenon of the “The Little hero” is in the vanishing hero, and therefore in the vanishing author.
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Jang, Gyeong-hyeon. "Meaning and realization/non-realization of the postposition 'Eui'." Urimal Society 77 (April 30, 2024): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35902/urm.2024.77.5.
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The purpose of this study is to find out the meaning function and characteristics of the Korean postpsition 'ui', and to understand the principle by which 'ui' is realized. 'ui' is currently classified as a determinative case marker in the grammar system, and because of its characteristics, it is also classified as a connective postpostion. The semantic function of 'ui' is described with a focus on interaction and relationship rather than the semantic properties of the two noun phrases. In addition, we looked at the aspects of realization and non-realization that appear in 'ui', and it was found that 'ui' is always realized when the meaning relationship between the preceding noun phrase and the following noun phrase is distant, and 'ui' is not realized when the semantic relationship is close.
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Malabar, Fahria, Besse Wardatulljannah, and Indri Wirahmi Bay. "Contrastive Analysis of Noun Phrase between English and Bugis Language." Jambura Journal of English Teaching and Literature 4, no. 2 (2024): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/jetl.v4i2.24306.
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This study aims to explore the similarities and differences in noun phrase structures between the English and Bugis languages. Using a documentation technique, the research selectively extracts data from the literature, specifically books and articles that focus on noun phrases. The researchers systematically collect and examine the data using the contrastive analysis technique. The findings reveal both similarities and differences in the form, structure and function of noun phrases between English and Bugis. Common features in both languages include numerals, demonstratives and quantifiers as modifiers preceding the noun (head), while prepositional phrases are positioned after the noun (head). Conversely, in English, articles, adjectives, possessives and ordinals precede the noun (head), whereas in Bugis they follow the noun (head). Relative clauses in English and Bugis have different structures and functions. Therefore, a contrastive analysis of noun phrases between English and Bugis proves to be very beneficial for learners, as it increases their awareness of the unique characteristics of both languages, especially in terms of their structural and functional aspects.
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Ulanova, E. E. "HERMENEUTIC UNDERSTANDING OF THE SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETER’S LANGUAGE PERSONALITY." TULA SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN. HISTORY. LINGUISTICS, no. 3(19) (December 5, 2024): 181–99. https://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2024-3-181-199.
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The article is devoted to studying the linguistic personality of a simultaneous interpreter from the perspective of hermeneutic understanding. The author considers the linguistic personality to be a complex phenomenon, whereby the homo loquens is continuously formed, developed and inter-acts with the world throughout the communicative situation in which the linguistic personality is a participant. The objective of this study is to describe a complex functional model of the linguistic per-sonality of a simultaneous interpreter. The paper considers the complex functional model of a simul-taneous interpreter's linguistic personality taking into account three levels of verbalised representa-tion (according to Yu. N. Karaulov theory) and non-verbalised representation (kinesics, oculesics, prosody). The verbal and non-verbal level of representation is carried out from the perspective of lin-guocognitive and linguofunctional analyses. The undertaken analysis of the simultaneous interpreter's linguistic personality takes into account individual functional and stylistic differentiation, ways of translating linguocultural realia, analysis of translation difficulties and incorrect translation solutions, individual variants of translation of precedent vocabulary, anthroponyms, toponyms, phrase-clichés, other bilingual oppositions, prosodic referents in simultaneous interpreting. The first stage of the re-search is dedicated to examining the verbal aspect of the linguistic personality representation. The fac-tors determining the purpose of translation, the translation strategy, the choice of tactics, the transla-tion technique and the transformations are all considered. In the second stage, the article analysed the non-verbal behaviour of the interpreters by observing somatic reactions, which are represented by kinetic, oculic and prosodic somatic reactions. The author analyses the extra-linguistic components of communication, the interpreter's environment, and the interpreter's non-verbal behaviour based on the assessment results of the verbal and non-verbal behaviour of the interpreter's linguistic personali-ty. The application of linguocognitive and linguofunctional approach is realised by the methods of dis-course analysis, interpretation analysis, transformation analysis, and syntactic analysis.
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Vorkachev, S. G. "Intertextual Connections in the National Hymnody." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 1 (March 25, 2023): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2023-1-104-114.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of the secondary texts creation by studying the phenomena of intertextuality and precedence on the material of the national hymnody. It is established that intertextuality and precedence in a certain interval of abstraction are almost completely synonymous, and translations marked by the integrity of similarity, coded texts, and plagiarism also fall into the number of secondary texts. The semantic content of the national anthem is presented in the form of linguistic and cultural meanings (concepts). Among such semantic formations, in addition to the basic concepts of the patriotic discourse of the motherland and freedom, there are cultural meanings associated with the previous genres of hymnody and lyric poetry and acting as precedent ones: God, which came from a religious hymn; the struggle that came from the battle songs; power is the basic concept of the monarchical anthem, the people is the basic concept of the republican anthem, love (for the motherland), which came from lyrical poetry. According to the coefficient of intertextual similarity, national anthems are divided into works of integral precedence, partial precedence and fragmentary precedence. Relationships of holistic precedence are observed in the case of interdiscursive and inter-genre transposition of a poetic work, when a lyric verse or civil lyrics turn into a national anthem; and also in the case of interlingual transposition – an adequate translation from one language to another. Relations of partial precedence take place in the case of modifications of the original text, the creation of its variants, its free translations, analogues based on it, paraphrasing, imitation and citation. Fragmentary precedence in the national hymnody mainly concerns the history and culture of the native country, present here in the form of names of nationally or universally known characters, significant events and dates, reproduction of precedent phrases and verbalization of patriotic concepts.
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Shkuran, Oksana Vladimirovna. "LANGUAGE UNITS WITH SACRED SEMANTICS: LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL AND LEXICOGRAPHIC ASPECTS." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 2 (2019): 336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-2-336-352.
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Proverbs are precedent language units that relate to the field of speech elements. The presence of sacred components in the composition of these units, reinterpreted in according to the speech situation, indicates a high motivation of the internal form of the communicative microstructure. In our article we call them linguistic units with sacred semantics and give the definition as a complexly structured moralizing statement with holistic and generalized ideas about the positive attitude of folk culture to traditional religion. The studied proverbs have parallel components arranged in a linear sequence. An important feature for the paremiological semantics is “weak thoughts”, i.e. which are difficult to be understood without knowing the situation that they fully characterize. For proverbs, a discursive intention is important, which illustrates cognitive content with moral, and in our case, traditionally confessional function. Modern social, ideological, moral, ethical and everyday problems are correlated and commensurate with the existence of the sacred world in order to give current problems both universal and temporary features giving an assessment from the point of view of the tenets of traditional religion. The article on the diachronic socio-historical and cultural background illustrates the ethno-labeling markers grief, trouble, strength, mind as part of stable language units with sacred semantics gore - ne beda; sila yest - uma ne nado ; the main periods of common usage named components in lexicographical sources are presented and the sacralization of these meanings in russian orthodox culture is represented. However, in the process of civilizational changes, we state the profane of sacred meanings to ironic level. These proverbs - linguistics with sacred semantics - at the same time both phrase combination and aphoristic statement, and micro-text with deep linguistic and culturological content, reflecting different historical, ideological, political eras. The defiling process of the language units with sacred semantics can be explained by the open form of the proverbs themselves, involving various forms of transformations. Due to the active people abuse they develop special principles of attitude to the world, to god, to a man, use it in their native language and in many ways with the help of language that opens up opportunities for us to study new linguistic subparadigms.
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BULATOVIĆ, Vesna. "ENGLISH NOMINAL ATTRIBUTION IN TRANSLATION TO MONTENEGRIN." Lingua Montenegrina 10, no. 2 (2012): 7–22. https://doi.org/10.46584/lm.v10i2.283.
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The paper analyses translation procedures applied to English nominal phrases where both constituents are nouns and where the first noun determines the second. The structure is frequent in English and other analytic languages. Although it is also found in Montenegrin, it is not common. It is representated by either semi-compounds imported from foreign languages as calque, or formed out of domestic elements on the model of those calqued. The paper also analyses the differences between adjectival and nominal attribution. In nominal attribution, the nouns functioning as a determiner have more of an associative rather than an ascriptive function, which has an impact on the selection of the equivalent structure in translation into Montenegrin. Corpus analysis has shown that there are four different ways in which two-member nominal phrases are translated from English, of which translation by a transcribed nominal phrase is the least frequent. Analysis of the examples of the four different translation procedures is conducted in an effort to define the criteria on the basis of which one procedure is given precedence over the others in a translation process.
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Kueser, Justin B., and Laurence B. Leonard. "The Effects of Frequency and Predictability on Repetition in Children With Developmental Language Disorder." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 4 (2020): 1165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00155.
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Purpose Studies have shown that children with typical development (TD) respond to frequency and predictability when repeating nonidiomatic multiword sequences (e.g., go wash your hands ). We extended these findings by explicitly examining the interaction between frequency and predictability in a repetition task for children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and children with TD. Method We created 48 four-word phrases, manipulating two factors: the frequency of occurrence of the entire four-word phrase (e.g., look in the mirror vs. look in the basket ) and the predictability of the fourth word in the phrase given the preceding three words (e.g., corn on the ___ vs. look in the ___ ). These phrases were presented in a repetition task to 17 children with DLD ( M age = 58.89 months), 19 same-age children with TD ( M age = 59.79 months), and 17 younger children with TD matched to the DLD group on nonword repetition and mean length of utterance ( M age = 38.94 months). Children's repetitions were judged for the presence or absence of word and morphological errors. Only the first three words of the sequence were scored (e.g., look in the ). Results We found a main effect of sequence frequency, with high-frequency sequences being repeated more accurately than low-frequency sequences, modulated by a significant interaction with predictability, where the effect of sequence frequency was larger for sequences with high-predictability contexts than for sequences with low-predictability contexts. We also found a significant effect of group, with children with DLD demonstrating poorer overall performance, particularly when compared to the same-age group with TD. Conclusions Frequency and predictability are strong predictors of language production in children with TD. These factors also have effects for children with DLD, raising important clinical questions about the design of facilitative contexts for the teaching of difficult linguistic forms.
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Mironova, Darya A. "Transformed Precedent Phrases in the Headlines of Online Media Texts as Paratexts." Athens Journal of Philology 3, no. 3 (2016): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajp.3.3.4.
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Lu, Jialiang. "A First Reading of the Hujia Caochang Han-Slip “Statutes on Water Control”." Bamboo and Silk 7, no. 2 (2024): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24689246-20240007.
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Abstract In the “Statutes on Water Control” seen in Selected Western Han Bamboo Slips from Jingzhou Hujia Caochang: the phrase er jue kui 而決潰 should be read together with the preceding phrase, and not juxtaposed with the phrase liu yi ruo sha ren 流邑若 殺人; the phrase ruo huairen tian she 若壞人田舍 is closely related with the preceding liu he san qing yi shang 流稼三頃以上 and should be differentiated from the following liu dao, qiao, ti, ta gong 流道、撟（橋）、隄、它功; dushui 都水 and li, jiang 吏、匠 could be separated by a list-separator mark 頓號. Judging from the situation reflected in the “Statutes on Water Control,” the details, principles, and ideas of its legal stipulations to an extent find their origins in the Qin statutes and ordinances.
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Erkinova, N. "PRECEDENCE AND ITS EXPRESSION THROUGH SYNTACTIC UNITS IN THE POETRY OF ESHKABIL SHUKUR." Journal of Social Research in Uzbekistan 03, no. 02 (2023): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-jsru-03-02-03.
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Eshkabil Shukur's poetry is distinguished by special attention to the artistic word. The poet's creativity is based on the skill of using words. Famous phrases, sentences, and texts used in E. Shukur's poems have a poetic value by fulfilling the role of a precedent unit.
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Viti, Carlotta. "Rheme before theme in the noun phrase." Studies in Language 32, no. 4 (2008): 894–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.32.4.05vit.
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Information structure in the noun phrase remains unexplored or limited to the study of the s-form and the of-form in English, which are interpreted from the perspective of the Prague School. Accordingly, the prenominal s-form is chosen if the possessor expresses old information; conversely, if the possessor expresses new information, the postnominal of-form is preferred. Ancient Greek, however, indicates that this is not the sole pattern attested. In our data, drawn from Herodotus, a postposed genitive refers to the topic of the immediately preceding clauses, and has no semantically compatible referent around it. Preposed genitives denote new or discontinuous participants, and are used in contrastive and emphatic contexts. In this case, the principle “rheme before theme” can be identified.
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Pakhnenko, Irina, and Svitlana Tielietova. "Language game as a means of linguistic anecdote organization." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 12, no. 21 (2019): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2019-12-21-148-157.
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The article discusses specific features of the anecdote as a speech genre, analyzes communicative-pragmatic principles of creating a comic effect in anecdotes based on the wordplay. It is noted that the concept of «anecdote», despite the fact that it is widely used in modern literary criticism and linguistics, does not have a single interpretation and a precise theoretical definition, which is explained by its genre uniqueness and complexity of a cognitive-pragmatic nature. It is emphasized that the most important part of the work of this genre is its finale, originally known to the narrator. It is the last climax phrase that contains the unexpected and unpredictable final semantic resolution that constitutes the anecdote as such. Among the features inherent in the actual anecdotal texts are: small volume, lack of authorship, reproducibility, indefinite chronotope, stereotypicality of plot schemes, relatively constant set of characters, ambivalence of the meaning of language units, intertextuality, situational functioning, etc. The dominant category of the anecdote text is minimalism, manifested in the choice of details, the number of heroes, laconic form, the volume of compositional components. It is stated that formation of the types of anecdotes took place along two lines: folk and literary. A modern anecdote, in contrast to the literary jokes of previous years, as a rule, is a speech genre, not a literary one, which determines its specificity. It is noted that anecdotes are divided into situational (subject, referential), in which the comic nature of the described situation is not related to the linguistic design, and language (linguistic), which are based on the playing out of certain linguistic phenomena. The comic effect in the latter is based on purely linguistic mechanisms and depends on the choice of the used speech means. An integral part of creating a comic effect in linguistic anecdotes is violation of certain norms, or incongruence, in the implementation of which the leading role is played by the language game. The game potential of phonetic, lexical, word-building, morphological and syntactic means, as well as precedent phenomena involved in speech works of this type are described. Particular attention is paid to punning outplaying of polysemy and various types of homonymy as one of the most popular means of creating a language joke. It is concluded that peculiarity of the game means, used for creating a humorous effect, lies in their function: they have an additional evaluative connotation, express different degrees of negative loading and take part in creating comic ambiguity in the statement.
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Harry, Otelemate G., and Larry M. Hyman. "Phrasal Construction Tonology." Studies in Language 38, no. 4 (2014): 649–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.38.4.01hym.
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Although it is common for “replacive” tonal patterns to be assigned by word-level morphological constructions, it is far less common for such overriding schemas to be assigned by specific phrase-level syntactic constructions. Kalabari, an Ijo language of Nigeria, does exactly this: Whenever the noun is preceded by a modifier, it loses its tones and receives different “melodies” depending on the constructional word class of the preceding specifier/modifier, either /HL/, /HLH/, /LH/, or /L/. In this paper, we first document the assignment of these different syntactic melodies and then provide evidence for how they developed diachronically. We then present a brief survey of other linguistic phenomena which partially resemble the Kalabari system, but conclude that tone is the only phrasal phonological property that can be assigned by construction from word to word.
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Mirzababa, Aliyeva Rena. "Precedent Onyms in Religious Phraseological Units in the Spanish Language (On the Transition from the Phraseological Units with Precedent Onyms to the Precedent Phenomenon)." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 3 (2018): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n3p186.
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The article deals with the matter of precedent onyms in religios phraseological units in the Spanish language. The task of the given article is to look through the samples on the given phenomenon.Religious phraseological units in the Spanish language are analyzed from lexical and componential points of view.The linguistic or the semantic aspect of cognitivism, i.e. the mental identity of a native speaker can be distinctly observed in the phraseological units of the Spanish language. So, the evaluation of religious phraseological units of the Spanish language from the prism of new analysis of cognitive semantics suggests that native speakers enjoy the privilege of transmitting information through certain word-codes and very often there is a certain parallelism, more precisely, commonness with cognate languages, particularly, with the languages of peoples of the same religion.The religious phraseological units have meanings different from their initial semantic capacity due to the semantic extension in the succeeding phrases, and these meanings are consistent with linguo-pragmatic condition of the media discourse in which a religious phraseological unit is practiced.In the Spanish political, economic and media discourse, the religious phraseological units such as El Festín de Baltasar have gained additional connotations through semantic reassessment, and it is possible to conclude that this connotation has not only situational and contextual essence but also has acquired wide and general usage rather than occasional.
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Arkhanhelska, Alla. "TRANSFORMATIONS OF SET PHRASES WITH THE PROPER NAME COMPONENT IN THE MODERN UKRAINIAN MEDIA DISCOURSE." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 9(77) (2020): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-9(77)-87-94.
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The paper deals with set phrases (phraseologisms, set comparisons, and proverbs) with the proper name component of the precedent and unprecedent nature in texts of modern Ukrainian media. The paper is focused both on the semantic and structural semantic transformations of set phrases with the proper name component and on creating the transformed phrases on the basis of the model. The paper traces the rate of transformations of phraseological units and proverbs with the proper name component of the precedent and unprecedent nature in the modern Ukrainian media discourse, investigates the types of transformations (semantic and structural-semantic), outlines the trends of transforming set phrases based both on Ukrainian and borrowed proper names, and describes the creation of transformed units on the basis of the model. The study is based on the material of biblical names, ancient names, mythological anthroponyms, names of historical persons and figures in modern politics as well as connotative onyms that are a component of the Ukrainian linguoculture, which were all investigated based on Ukrainian printed and electronic publications, Internet forums and blogs of the beginning of the 21st century.
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Shumkina, I. V. "Bard songs as a source of quotes and winged expressions (based on the song by Yu. Vizbor «The Story of Technologist Petukhov»)." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 31, no. 1 (2025): 151–60. https://doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2025-31-1-151-160.
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The article is the first to examine the lyrics of Yuri Vizbor’s songs as a source for replenishing the intertextual base of Russian culture. The material for the study was publications on socio-political topics with fragments of lyrics by Yuri Vizbor’s song «The Story of Technologist Petukhov». The article provides a socio-cultural and linguopragmatic description of the quotations, examines their structural and semantic transformations in media texts. The widespread use of song fragments is due to the historical and cultural significance of the source text and the fixation of symbolic images of the Soviet era in it. It was found that the socio-cultural significance of the source song allows journalists to use quotations from it as a document of the Soviet era. The ideologeme presented in the chorus of the song by the famous bard is subject to various interpretations in modern journalistic discourse and serves as a means of assessing the past and the present. It has been revealed that opposite communicative strategies, such as praise and discredit, are implemented in the press based on song phrases. The linguopragmatic possibilities of quotations are enhanced by their semantic and structural transformations. The following types of transformations of popular phrases were noted: rethinking, double actualization, lexical replacement, expansion and truncation of the component composition, grammatical modifications, and isolation of key components. It has been shown that repeated variation of components leads to the creation of precedent models and phraseological schemes based on expressions. Isolation of key components led to the formation of a phraseme vperedi planety vsei, actively used in modern speech. The research material allows us to clarify the data of lexicographic works and deepen the understanding of the bard song as a source of logoepistemes and precedent phenomena in modern linguistic practice.
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Pfeijffer, Ilja Leonard. "Shifting Helen: An Interpretation of Sappho, Fragment 16 (Voigt)." Classical Quarterly 50, no. 1 (2000): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/50.1.1.
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Denys Page, discussing this poem in his classic Sappho and Alcaeus, seemed unimpressed by its aesthetic merits. In his note on line 7 he says: ‘The sequence of thought might have been clearer.... It seems then inelegant to begin this parable, the point of which is that Helen found O Krλλιστον in her lover, by stating that she herself surpassed all mortals in this very quality’ (p. 53). His interpretative essay phrases further objections. ‘In a phrase which rings dull in our doubtful ears, she proceeds to illustrate the truth of her preamble by calling Helen of Troy in evidence’ (p. 56). About the Helen exemplum itself he says: ‘the thought is simple as the style is artless’ and ‘the transition back to the principal subject was perhaps not very adroitly; managed’ (p. 56). Page's criticism centres on the function of the exemplum of Helen. A close reconsideration of this exemplum, with special attention to the way in which it is embedded in the preceding and following context, will result in a better understanding and appreciation of this poem.