Relevant bibliographies by topics / Precious metal industries

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Precious metal industries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 24 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Precious metal industries"

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Muehe, E. Marie, Caroline Schmidt, Jing He, Thomas Helle, and Andreas Kappler. "Microbially Supported Recovery of Precious Metals and Rare Earth Elements from Urban Household Waste Incineration Slag." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 652–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.652.

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The use of precious metals and Rare Earth Elements in electronic, medical, and automobile industries is drastically increasing. To meet this demand and to escape the financial pressure of the global metal market, not only mining activities but recently also the recovery of these elements from industrial and urban household waste is in the focus of research. It has been shown that the application of extracting solutions with pH values lower than 4 lead to an economically feasible recovery of industrially precious metals. It is unclear, however, whether and to which extent this abiotic extraction efficiency can potentially be increased by using microorganisms capable of dissolving more stable minerals at low pH. The goal of this project therefore is to first view urban household waste as a resource for metals and evaluate combined abiotic and biotic extraction procedures for an increase in metal extraction efficiency.
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Tong, Fei, Jie Gong, Man Ying Zhang, Yu Jie Wang, and Jin Long Jiang. "Self-Assembly Synthesis of ZIF-8/Polyvinylidene Fluoride(PVDF) Hybrid Membrane and its Pd (II)-Ion Extraction Behavior." Materials Science Forum 1003 (July 2020): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1003.115.

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Precious metal Pd are widely used in high-tech industries due to their scarcity and special properties. In this paper, 2-methylimidazole zinc salt (ZIF-8)/PVDF hybrid membrane was successfully synthesized by self-assemble method. The effect of polyarcylic acid sodium (PAAS) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as complexing agents was investigated. The rejection rate of hybrid membrane under different polyelectrolyte-metal complexing ratios and their extraction performance under different concentration were examined.
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Bergstrom, Ryan D., and Afton Clarke-Sather. "Balancing Socio-Ecological Risks, Politics, and Identity: Sustainability in Minnesota’s Copper-Nickel-Precious Metal Mining Debate." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 10286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410286.

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In the northeastern corner of Minnesota, two of the state’s most iconic symbols, mining and pristine wilderness, are on a collision course. The Duluth Complex, considered by many to be the world’s largest undeveloped deposit of copper-nickel and precious metals, is the site of mining proposals for several controversial mines. Proponents suggest that mining can be accomplished in an environmentally benign manner, and in the process create nearly 1000 jobs and $500 million in economic benefits annually. Opponents counter that the tourism and recreation industries already provide nearly 18,000 jobs and bring over $900 million in economic benefits annually, and that mining will permanently impair the regions environment. Thus, the copper-nickel and precious metal mining debate has become highly polarized, and serves as an ideal example of how people address national and global sustainability issues at local and regional scales. This study examines this polarization through a Q-sort analysis of subjectivities of residents of the state of Minnesota. Results suggest that partisanship is a strong predictor of attitudes towards mining, and that the strongest differences between respondents were not based on perceptions comparing jobs and the environment, the typical partisan divide, but rather on respondents’ perceived identity with relation to the mining industry or water resources.
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Deva, Nurten, and Muharrem Zabeli. "Research on chemical composition of secondary copper anodes obtained from aqueous residues of refining process." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-2/086.

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Purpose.The experimental research on the chemical quantitative composition of the secondary copper anodes. Copper anodes, which are the object of the study, are obtained from a secondary multicomponent product, composed of certain concentration of soluble and insoluble metals, and other various components. Methodology. To examine the chemical composition of secondary copper anodes, special apparatus, devices, and modern methods are used as well as necessary materials to implement the electrolytic refining process. Findings.The main results of the presented research are obtained in the field of processing secondary product from which precious metals are recovered. This paper presents the research results on the reuse of the residues of waters of refining processes in order to produce secondary copper anodes with the purpose of precious metal recovery. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the anodes varies, based on the composition of the primary raw materials. Originality.Experimental studies were conducted in specialized laboratories. The results obtained are novel and original. Practical value.The research results will be useful in expanding the understanding of the use of pollutants to obtain clean products used in the industry. The proposed approach contributes not only to improving the environmental situation, but is also aimed at sustainable economic development of relevant industries.
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Macchi, Samantha, Iris Denmark, Thuy Le, Mavis Forson, Mujeebat Bashiru, Amanda Jalihal, and Noureen Siraj. "Recent Advancements in the Synthesis and Application of Carbon-Based Catalysts in the ORR." Electrochem 3, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electrochem3010001.

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Fuel cells are a promising alternative to non-renewable energy production industries such as petroleum and natural gas. The cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which makes fuel cell technology possible, is sluggish under normal conditions. Thus, catalysts must be used to allow fuel cells to operate efficiently. Traditionally, platinum (Pt) catalysts are often utilized as they exhibit a highly efficient ORR with low overpotential values. However, Pt is an expensive and precious metal, posing economic problems for commercialization. Herein, advances in carbon-based catalysts are reviewed for their application in ORRs due to their abundance and low-cost syntheses. Various synthetic methods from different renewable sources are presented, and their catalytic properties are compared. Likewise, the effects of heteroatom and non-precious metal doping, surface area, and porosity on their performance are investigated. Carbon-based support materials are discussed in relation to their physical properties and the subsequent effect on Pt ORR performance. Lastly, advances in fuel cell electrolytes for various fuel cell types are presented. This review aims to provide valuable insight into current challenges in fuel cell performance and how they can be overcome using carbon-based materials and next generation electrolytes.
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Stucchi, Marta, Daniela Meroni, György Safran, Alberto Villa, Claudia L. Bianchi, and Laura Prati. "Noble Metal Promoted TiO2 from Silver-Waste Valorisation: Synergism between Ag and Au." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (February 19, 2022): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020235.

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Wastewaters from precious metal industries contain high amounts of noble metals, but their efficient recycling is hindered by the wastewater complex composition. Here, we propose an innovative approach for the efficient recovery of noble metals contained in these metal-enriched wastewaters as precursors for the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) and supported metal catalysts. Silver NPs were synthesized from Ag-enriched wastewater and then deposited on TiO2 to prepare photocatalysts. Then, further promotion of the photocatalytic activity of Ag-modified TiO2 was achieved by the addition of as little as 0.5 wt.% of Au. STEM-EDS analyses proved that Au NPs were located on Ag or AgOx nanoparticles. The contact between the two metal-containing NPs results in charge transfer effects, appreciable both in terms of oxidation states determined by XPS and of optical properties. In particular, the plasmon band of Au NPs shows photochromic effects: under UV light irradiation, bimetallic samples exhibit a blue-shift of the plasmon band, which is reversible under dark storage. The activity of the materials was tested towards ethanol photodegradation under UV light. Adding 0.5 wt.% Au NPs resulted in a promoted activity compared to Ag-TiO2, thus showing synergistic effects between Au and Ag. Ethanol was completely converted already after 1 h of UV irradiation, acetaldehyde was formed as the main oxidation product and fully degraded in less than 180 min. Notably, bimetallic samples showed ethylene formation by a parallel dehydration mechanism.
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Patil, Yogesh, Shivanand Gaddi, and Rajiv Hunashal. "Potentials of some Waste Biomaterials as Sorbents for Gold- and Silver-Cyanide Removal from Aqueous Matrices." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.627.

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Plating, printed circuit board, jewellery units, photofinishing and mining industries emanate large-volume low-tenor effluents containing metal-cyanide (MxCN) like gold-and silver-cyanide. Since metal moiety of MxCN being precious, non-renewable and finite resource; their complete removal from effluents is the key. Biosorption has immense potential of becoming efficient and economical alternative to recover the wasted metal resource over conventional methods. Twenty-eight low-cost biomaterials obtained from diverse sources were screened for gold-and silver-cyanide uptake. Study revealed that maximum uptake of both MxCN took place at acidic pH. Based on maximum uptake, Rice Husk (RH) andEicchorniaroot (ER) biomass were selected for gold-and silver-cyanide sorption, respectively, for further studies. Optimal conditions for sorption were: pH (4.0-7.0), biosorbent quantity (1-3%), rate of uptake (40 min) and initial MxCN concentration (5-500 μmol). Biosorption data obtained conformed to Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models (R2>0.98). NaOH acted as an efficient desorbing agent (>95%).
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Li, Xinshu. "Dynamic Changes in Prices of Gold and Silver during Russia-Ukraine Conflict." BCP Business & Management 31 (November 5, 2022): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v31i.2646.

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The Russia-Ukraine conflict has upraised the crude oil price and its volatility, which leads to fluctuations in its corresponding industries and markets. Existing literatures have studied the impact of the oil shock in many respects, and the precious metal market has significant responses to the unusual events, same for the Russia-Ukraine conflict. This paper studies the spot gold and silver’s price, return, and volatility with respect to the return and volatility of WTI, during the period of November 2021 to July 2022. The VAR model proved the lead-lag relation of the variables. Next, the impulse and response of gold and silver to crude oil show positive relations of the two metals to the increment in crude oil’s price. Then the author estimated the ARMA-GARCH model to detect the relationship of volatilities of crude oil to the two metals. The results show that the increasing crude oil price leads to growth in the metal’s return, and the silver’s volatility is more impacted by the crude oil’s fluctuation.
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Hines, Elizabeth, and Michael Smith. "Gold is Where You Find It: Placer Mining in North Carolina, 1799-1849." Earth Sciences History 21, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 119–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.21.2.65765421785w7460.

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The accidental discovery of a seventeen-pound gold nugget by a trio of adolescents in Cabarrus County, North Carolina in 1799 spurred a fitful gold rush that spread throughout the southeastern United States. From the early 1800s to 1849 the search for the precious metal fomented exploration and various industries along the gold-bearing regions of the Piedmont and eastern Appalachian Mountains from Alabama to Maryland. The focus of the nascent gold industry was off-season, haphazard placer mining by individuals and small family groups who used primitive medieval mining techniques and backbreaking physical labor. By the 1820s, the part-time, untrained farmers, slaves, and "boomers" had depleted the easily found nuggets and lodes in the "branch" streams. New techniques and innovations in machinery were developed by a set of diverse, yet interconnected, events and individuals to bring forth the golden metal. Thus, the gold fields of the Southeastern United States were a proving ground for the placer mining techniques and technology that fostered economic and industrial expansion in the agriculturally dominated region, as well as substantially contributing to the wealth of the new nation. This fifty-year period of placer mining innovation and practical application in the Southern gold fields provided the skills and basic equipment that promoted the whirlwind of mining frenzy that was the 1849 California Gold Rush.
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O’Donoghue, John. "The other 1%: designing and testing new platinum anti-cancer drugs." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2012 (January 1, 2012): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2012.18.

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Designing new drugs with different molecular structures is one of the keys to treating the various types of cancer that kill over 8,000 people in Ireland, and 8 million people worldwide annually. Of the 16,000 cases reported in Ireland each year, only half of these survive, with lung and prostate cancer being the main causes of death through cancer on this island. The precious metal platinum is used in a wide range of industries annually such as catalytic converters in cars, jewellery and some electronics. As well as these, approximately 1% of all the platinum produced each year is used for anti-cancer research. In 1844 the Italian chemist Michele Peyrone reported the discovery of a chemical substance which would later become known as Peyrone’s Salt. The molecular structure of the salt was then determined by another chemist, Alfred Werner, in 1893, as part of his 1913 Nobel-Prize-winning work. However, it ...
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Precious metal industries"

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Manipura, Walappuly Mudiyanselage Janakasiri Aruna Shantha Bandara. "Bioprocess development for removal of nitrogenous compounds from precious metal refinery wastewater." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007341.

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Removal of nitrogenous compounds from precious metal refinery (PMR) wastewater is important in terms of avoiding eutrophication (environmental protection), metal recovery (increased overall process efficiency and value recovery) and reuse of treated water (maximum use of natural resources). Extreme pH conditions (4 to 13 depending on the wastewater stream), high chemical oxygen demand (> 10,000 mg/I), numerous metals and high concentrations of those metals (> 20 mg/l of platinum group metals) in the wastewater are the main challenges for biological removal of nitrogenous compounds from PMR wastewater. Nitrogenous compounds such as NH₄⁺-N and N0₃-N are strong metal ligands, which make it difficult to recover metals from the wastewater. Therefore, a bioprocess was developed for removal of nitrogenous compounds from carefully simulated PMR wastewater. A preliminary investigation of metal wastewater was carried out to determine its composition and physico-chemical properties, the ability to nitrify and denitrify under different pH conditions and denitrification with different carbon Source compounds and amounts. Even at pH 4, nitrification could be carried out. A suitable hydraulic retention time was found to be 72 hours. There was no significant difference between sodium acetate and sodium lactate as carbon sources for denitrification. Based on these results, a reactor comparison study was carried out using simulated PMR wastewater in three types of reactors: continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), packed-bed reactor (PBR) and airlift suspension reactor (ALSR). These reactors were fed with 30 mg/l of Rh bound in an NH₄⁺ based compound (Claus salt: pentaaminechlororhodium (III) dichloride). Total nitrogen removal efficiencies of > 68 % , > 79 % and > 45 % were obtained in the CSTR, PBR and ALSR, respectively. Serially connected CSTR-PBR and PBR-CSTR reactor configurations were then studied to determine the best configuration for maximum removal of nitrogenous compounds from the wastewater. The PBR-CSTR configuration gave consistent biomass retention and automatic pH control in the CSTR. Ammonium removal efficiencies > 95 % were achieved in both reactors. As poor nitrate removal was observed a toxicity study was carried out using respirometry and the half saturation inhibition coefficients for Pt, Pd, Rh and Ru were found to be 15.81, 25.00, 33.34 and 39.25 mg/l, respectively. A mathematical model was developed to describe the nitrogen removal in PMR wastewater using activated sludge model number 1 (ASMl), two step nitrification and metal toxicity. An operational protocol was developed based on the literature review, experimental work and simulation results. The optimum reactor configuration under the set conditions (20 mg/I of Rh and < 100 mg/I of NH₄⁺-N) was found to be PBR-CSTR-PBR process, which achieved overall NH₄⁺-N and N0₃⁻-N removal efficiencies of > 90 % and 95 %, respectively. Finally, a rudimentary microbial characterisation was carried out on subsamples from the CSTR and PBRsecondary. It was found that the CSTR biomass consisted of both rods and cocci while PBRsecondary consisted of rods only. Based on these experimental works, further research needs and recommendations were made for optimisation of the developed bioprocess for removal of nitrogenous compounds from PMR wastewater.
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Damarupurshad, Ashok Kumar. "Proposals for the regulation of the South African precious metals industries in the light of domestic and global developments." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20592.

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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, 2016
The Precious Metals Industry in South Africa is highly-regulated compared with other mining and trading countries in the western world which have either deregulated their precious metals industries, have only partial controls or have never seen the need to regulate gold and platinum-group metals specifically. South Africa has a specific Act of parliament, the Precious Metals Act, 2005 (a modification of Chapter 16 of the Mining Rights Act, 1967), that regulates possession, trading and manufacture of precious metals. Apart from the Russian Federation, no other country in the world regulates gold and platinum-group metals possession, trading and fabrication to the extent still done in South Africa. The requirement for such stringent controls was based on the country’s pre-eminence in the production of gold and platinum over the past fifty years, exchange controls (in the case of gold) and the contribution of gold and platinum-group metals to foreign exchange earnings and to the country’s economy as a whole. However, much has changed in South Africa, in the world and indeed in the precious metals industries domestically and globally and this work is the first attempt to discuss and analyse developments and proposals that are impacting on the regulation of the precious metals industries in South Africa. Of these, the World Gold Council’s Conflict-Free Gold Standard provides a case for industry self- regulation to complement, or substitute for government regulation in future. The hypothesis at the Proposal Stage of this study was that the precious metals industry in South Africa is over-regulated and should be deregulated. In this study, this hypothesis is explored and debated. The Resource Nationalism -motivated proposals, including Producer-Country Price for Platinum, OPEC-type trade bloc for platinum, precious metal exchange and single-channel marketing of platinum, were analysed in this study. It was concluded that these are wanting in terms of cost/benefit or problematic in terms of international agreements and trade and competition laws. iii The Precious Metals Act, 2005 itself was also critically analysed with a view to evaluating what could be regulated better or deregulated in the light of recent developments and proposals. It was found, ironically, that the old problem of illegal mining and trading needs to be brought under control before deregulation of the precious metals industry can begin. Nevertheless, in the run-up to deregulation (in an estimated 10 to 15 years), industry self-regulation, co-regulation (with industry) hallmarking, and a re-examination of how beneficiation is promoted should be considered.
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Agyei-Ampomah, S., D. Gounopoulos, and Khelifa Mazouz. "Does gold offer a better protection against losses in sovereign debt bonds than other metals?" 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10261.

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No
It is a commonly held view that gold protects investors’ wealth in the event of negative economic conditions. In this study, we test whether other metals offer similar or better investment opportunities in periods of market turmoil. Using a sample of 13 sovereign bonds, we show that other precious metals, palladium in particular, offer investors greater compensation for their bond market losses than gold. We also find that industrial metals, especially copper, tend to outperform gold and other precious metals as hedging vehicles and safe haven assets against losses in sovereign bonds. However, the outcome of the hedge and safe haven properties is not always consistent across the different bonds. Finally, our analysis suggests that copper is the best performing metal in the period immediately after negative bond price shocks.
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Mokhuane, Seadimo Joseph. "A security risk management approach to the prevention of theft of platinum group metals: case study of Impala Platinum Mines and Refinery." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22196.

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Text in English
The purpose of this study was to establish the vulnerabilities of the security control measures that are being used at Impala Platinum mines and refinery to prevent the theft of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs). It is important to ensure that the security control measures in place are effective and efficient in preventing the occurrence of such theft. The research examined the security risk management approach to the prevention of theft of PGMs and the causes of theft of PGMs by organised crime syndicates operating in South Africa and abroad. The study found that Impala Platinum employees, in collusion with contractors and members of mine security services, are involved in the theft of PGMs. To achieve the goals and objective of the research study, effective security control measures were identified that will help Impala Platinum mines and refinery to overcome the risks and challenges related to the theft of PGMs.
Security Risk Management
M. Tech. (Security Management)
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Books on the topic "Precious metal industries"

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Calas, Susan. Precious metal databook. Worcester Park, Surrey, England: Metal Bulletin Books, 1989.

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McNay, Deborah. Precious metals. Washington, DC: Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission, 1995.

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Martos, Manuel Castillo. Metales preciosos--unión de dos mundos: Tecnología, comercio y política de la minería y metarlurgia iberoamericana. Sevilla: Muñoz Moya y Montraveta Editores, 1995.

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Abalov, A. Ė. Mezhdunarodnyĭ rynok dragot︠s︡ennykh metallov: Osnovnye print︠s︡ipy funkt︠s︡ionirovanii︠a︡. Sankt-Peterburg: DNK, 2001.

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Schatto, Bushell Lieselotte, ed. Precious metals trade guide: Adventure in noble metals. Woodstock, Ill: Trident Publications, 1993.

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Montalvo, Luis Berrio de. Informes para obtener plata y azogue en el mundo hispánico. Granada: Universidad de Granada, 2008.

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Bălănescu, Staicu. Istoria conducerii mineritului, a metalurgiei neferoase și prețioase din nord-vestul României: Organizare, coordonare, dezvoltare. Baia Mare: Editura Gutinul, 2002.

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Gómez, Julio Sánchez. La savia del imperio: Tres estudios de economía colonial. Salamanca, España: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1997.

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Mladjenovic, Paul J. Precious metals investing for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub., 2008.

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Mladjenovic, Paul J. Precious Metals Investing For Dummies. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Precious metal industries"

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Lugaski, Thomas P., Harold F. Bonham, John C. Kepper, and William H. Aymard. "Exploration for bulk-minable precious metal deposits in the western Great Basin by integration of geologic, geophysical and remote sensing data." In Remote sensing: an operational technology for the mining and petroleum industries, 213–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9744-4_22.

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Mohebbi, A., A. Abolghasemi Mahani, and A. Izadi. "Ion Exchange Resin Technology in Recovery of Precious and Noble Metals." In Applications of Ion Exchange Materials in Chemical and Food Industries, 193–258. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06085-5_9.

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Nomngongo, Philiswa N., N. Raphael Biata, Masixole Sihlahla, Anele Mpupa, and Nomvano Mketo. "Recent Advances in the Application of Greener Solvents for Extraction, Recovery and Dissolution of Precious Metals and Rare Earth Elements from Different Matrices." In Nanotechnology-Based Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids, 299–309. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44995-7_14.

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Gordon, Robert B., and Patrick M. Malone. "Scarce Metals and Petroleum." In The Texture of Industry. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195058857.003.0011.

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Lured by the potential for substantial wealth, Americans have focused a disproportionate share of their industrial effort on extracting and processing resources that are both scarce and in high demand. Gold and silver were always valuable and eagerly sought, but in the nineteenth century, the demand tor other nonferrous metals and (or petroleum rose to unprecedented levels. Obtaining these scarce, nonrenewable resources brought new patterns of industrial land use and new environmental consequences. The continuing effects on our land, water, and air are serious concerns in American society today. The hope of finding gold and silver, the metals of wealth and display, drew numerous adventurers to North America in the seventeenth century. In the East, those hoping to repeat the Spanish experience in South America and Mexico were disappointed. Although colonial prospectors did discover small deposits of nonferrous-metal ores on the east coast and in the Appalachians, most of the metals were not in the precious category. There was a demand for utilitarian metals as well: English colonists depended on lead for pipes, window carries, and shot; they cooked with copper kettles, drank the products of copper stills, and set their tables with pewter (a tin alloy) tableware. Nevertheless, Americans generally found it cheaper and easier to use imported nonferrous metals until the mineral resources of the center of the continent were exploited in the nineteenth century. Iron was the only metal extensively mined in the English colonies. One of the few relicts of pre-Revolutionary nonferrous metallurgy is the Simsbury Copper Mine in East Granby, Connecticut. This mining enterprise obtained its charter in 1706. The state now preserves the site, not as an industrial monument but because the mine served for a time as the state prison. Visitors can enter the underground workings. Physical evidence of the first gold discovery in the United States, in 1799, exists at the Reed Gold Mine, a state historic site near Georgiaville, North Carolina. Most of the milling survivals are from later development at the mining site in 1854 and 1896. North Carolina led the nation in gold production until the California gold rush of 1849.
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Satchanska, Galina. "Growing Environmental Bacterium Biofilms in PEO Cryogels for Environmental Biotechnology Application." In Bacterial Biofilms [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104813.

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This Chapter discusses the entrapment, growing and biofilm formation by an environmental bacterium immobilized in polyethyleneoxide cryogel to be applied in environmental biotechnology. The KCM-R5 bacterium was isolated from the heavy metal-polluted environment near a large Pb-Zn smelter, also producing precious metals in Bulgaria. Molecular-genetic analysis revealed affiliation with Pseudomonas rhodesiae. The strain is capable of growing in high concentrations of phenol and different phenol derivatives. Polyethylene oxide was found to be friendly and nontoxic to bacteria polymer enabling bacteria easy to penetrate in it and fast to grow. KCM-R5 biofilms were grown for 30 days in batch culture with phenol (300-1000 mg L−1) dissolved in the mineral medium. The bacterium was able to involve phenol in its metabolism and use it as a single carbon supplier. The results obtained in the study showed 98% phenol biodegradation using the biotech installation described. The proposed PEO cryogel-P. rhodesiae KCM-R5 bacterium biotech biofilter can be used for environmental biotechnology application in industrial wastewater detoxification.
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Sisay Cheru, Mulugeta. "Bio Hydrometallurgical Technology, Application and Process Enhancement." In Biotechnology in Mining and Metallurgical Industry [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94206.

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The review is in general try to see some of the major microorganism involved in bioleaching process and studied by different scholars, identify the mechanics and techniques employed to bioleach minerals and factor that enhance or to inhibit the leaching process of microorganism with major reaction taking while bioleaching. Here the methodology and different leaching technique presented with their respected pros and cons, which are commonly employed and reasons behind with justifiable evidences were presented. The values and bioleaching sulfide mineral (copper), precious metal (gold) and radioactive element (uranium) were discussed with some the known producers in the world and finally some highlight given on industrial application of bioleaching.
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"Precious Metals, Debasements and Cowrie Shells in the Medieval Indian Monetary Systems, c. 1200-1575." In Money in the Pre-Industrial World, 175–94. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315655383-17.

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Koli, Sanjay Kumar, and Athar Hussain. "Status of Electronic Waste Management in India." In Advanced Treatment Techniques for Industrial Wastewater, 238–50. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5754-8.ch014.

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Electronics waste is becoming a major global issue. Huge accumulation of e-waste and its recycling through primitive means for extraction of precious metals are a real concern in the developing countries due to the presence of hazardous materials in e-waste. The major portion of e-waste generated domestically as well as illegally imported is recycled in a crude manner leading to pollution of the environment. Current practices of e-waste management in India encounters many challenges like the difficulty in inventorization, ineffective regulations, pathetic and unsafe conditions of informal recycling, poor awareness of consumers, and reluctance on part of stakeholders to address the issues. As a result, toxic materials enter waste stream with no special precautions to avoid the known adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Resources are wasted when economically valuable materials are dumped. This chapter highlights the hazards caused due to improper handling of e-wastes and also describes some appropriate measures to be adopted for its management and safe disposal.
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"Potential for Further Evolution of CRDs." In Stabilizing Currency and Preserving Economic Sovereignty Using the Grondona System, 189–96. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8302-9.ch013.

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Although Grondona prepared detailed guidelines that his system should be implemented in relation to durable, essential, basic imported commodities, he also understood that, once established successfully, CRDs' operations could evolve in various ways in order to achieve greater benefits. For example, the inclusion of precious metals such as gold and silver, albeit on a somewhat different basis than industrial commodities, is an interesting possibility. Grondona also recommended that other products such as basic manufactured components like standardised steel or aluminium strip could be included. Another potential evolution is a CRD's role in a currency crisis: a sudden change in the exchange rate would be countered to some extent by a CRD being asked to sell or buy commodities, which would tend to resist the initial change. A CRD's terms of operation might be adjusted in order to strengthen its influence as such a countermeasure.
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Osokina, Elena. "Introduction." In Stalin's Quest for Gold, 1–10. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501758515.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter presents an overview of Torgsin, which provided one-fifth of the expenses for industrial imports during the first half of the 1930s, the decisive years of Stalin's industrialization. Torgsin — initially a small bureau and then the All-Union Association for Trade with Foreigners — was a state trade agency with a chain of hard-currency stores, the supplier of food and goods in the country. Initially, only foreigners were allowed to make purchases in its stores, but the need to finance an ambitious industrialization program forced the Soviet government to search for new sources of hard currency. Starting in 1931, the government allowed Soviet citizens to make purchases in Torgsin in exchange for tsarist Russian gold and silver coins, and objects made of precious metals and gemstones. Ultimately, the story of Torgsin and Stalin's drive for gold reveals an unknown side of Soviet industrialization and Soviet social history and illuminates new facets of Stalinism.
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Conference papers on the topic "Precious metal industries"

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Farrell, Paul, and Philip R. LeGoy. "Using Plasma Pyrolysis Vitrification (PPV) to Enhance Incineration Waste Ash Reduction in Ireland." In 10th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec10-1028.

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Ireland has been called the Silicon Valley of Europe. Like the Silicon Valley in the U.S. it has a large amount of waste created by the Microchip Industry. Ireland is also an agricultural country. A large amount of bio-waste has been stockpiled in Ireland. This is the result of recent outbreaks/epidemics of animal diseases in the EU. The current growth industry of Ireland is the chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Nine of the top ten pharmaceutical companies are manufacturing in Ireland. Wastes from these industries are often toxic and hazardous. They can contain large amounts of combustible organic compounds depending on their source. Since Ireland is an island it has special problems disposing of waste. Waste comes in as products as packaging and it doesn’t go out. The emerging solution is Incineration. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) can contain many forms of metal and chemistry under normal conditions. When a large amount of the primary industry of a region is chemistry based and agricultural based there is the probability of more than usual amount of toxic residue in the refuse. The ash from incineration contains items such as dioxins & heavy metals that are environmental toxins. Using a Plasma Pyrolysis Vitrification (PPV) process the volume of the resultant ash from incineration can be further reduced by as much as 30 to 1. A PPV process has an added advantage of giving an incineration facility the capability of rendering ash safe for reuse as construction material and as a side benefit reclaiming many valuable elemental components of the ash. The PPV plant can be used to destroy waste directly and economically as long as the gate fees are high. One byproduct of incinerator ash smelting/destruction using a PPV process is CO gas, a combustible fuel resource for power generation. Precious metals may also be reclaimed as an alloy material by-product.
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Hageman, Philip L., Kathleen S. Smith, Ruth E. Wolf, Geoffrey S. Plumlee, and A. Rae Ann Orkild-Norton. "POTENTIAL RECOVERY OF CRITICAL ELEMENTS FROM HISTORICAL METAL MINING WASTE: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING VARIOUS LEACHANTS TO EXTRACT PRECIOUS METALS, PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS, SELECTED RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS, AND VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL METALS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-285433.

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Verdiansyah, Okki, Hill Gendoet Hartono, and Oky Sugarbo. "Review of The volcanosetting concept to discover the precious metal mineralization in Sunda Arc, Indonesia: a Approach Proposal for Mineral Exploration." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Industrial and Technology and Information Design, ICITID 2021, 30 August 2021, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-8-2021.2311541.

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Trutnev, A. K., E. A. Zhuklin, and L. A. Demina. "SOME ASPECTS OF LOCALIZATION OF PRECIOUS METAL MINERALIZATION IN THE LOWER PERMIAN CONGLOMERATES WITHIN THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF THE O-40-XXIX SHEET (SHALINSKAYA PLOSHAD)." In Проблемы минералогии, петрографии и металлогении. Научные чтения памяти П. Н. Чирвинского. Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/chirvinsky.2021.261.

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“Metal-bearing” conglomerates are known in various regions of the world. They are associated with ore occurrences and industrial deposits of gold, uranium, silver, iron, copper and other minerals. At the junction of the Western marginal part of the West Ural folding zone with the pre-Ural regional trough, rocks were recorded, during petrographic and mineralogical studies of which it was possible to establish direct (signs of gold) and indirect signs of gold localization in the lower Permian polymictic conglomerates and in the eluvial weathering crusts formed along them.
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Van Roode, Mark, Kenneth G. Kubarych, and Russell L. McCarron. "Rainbow Field Test of Coatings for Hot Corrosion Protection of Gas Turbine Hot Section Components." In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-130.

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The work described in this paper was conducted under Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Contract RP 2465, “Rainbow Test of Advanced Coatings for Gas Turbine Blades and Vanes”. A field test of a rainbow rotor and nozzle was carried out to establish the hot corrosion protection of various aluminide and MCrAlX (X = Y, Hf) overlay coatings on first stage blades and nozzles of a Centaur gas turbine operating in Valera, Venezuela. The blade coatings included both simple and precious metal aluminides, Electron Beam-Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) coatings and Low Pressure Plasma Spray (LPPS) coatings on Inconel-738LC, Inconel-792 and MAR-M421 substrates. The turbine nozzle vanes were coated by similar methods on FSX-414 and MAR-M509 substrates. Field testing was performed under industrial conditions where the continuous duty engine, used for power generation, ran on a liquid fuel contaminated with sodium and sulfur. The engine test was terminated after nearly 8,000 hours of operation. Visual examination and micro-structural analysis indicated that EB-PVD and LPPS overlay coatings were more effective than simple and modified aluminides for hot section hot corrosion protection. The protection of overlay coatings on nozzle airfoils was found to increase with their chromium content.
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Zubair, Muhammad, and Aman Ullah. "Chicken Feathers Keratin/ Modified Graphene Oxide Based Biosorbent for Water Remediation." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/xygc9438.

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Water is one of the most precious resources on the earth and is a life source for all the living organisms. Around 75% of industrial wastewater is being discharged into the freshwater streams and 38% of it released untreated. Worldwide, wastewater from oil sands projects is being released into the water bodies and severely polluting the water resources. The tailings pond water contains toxic metals including lead, cadmium, arsenic, nickel, chromium, and selenium. Reverse osmosis, filtration and disinfection are being used to address the water quality issues. However, these have high cost, shorter life and poor adsorption capacity. We developed an eco-friendly biosorbent from chicken feathers with potential to remove heavy metals. Keratin from chicken feathers is an almost infinite source of natural protein ( >92%). Poultry feathers have a few applications, but large quantities are disposed in landfills that create environmental issues. Chicken feathers were washed, ground, and dissolved using reducing agent. Keratin was isolated from the solution using dialysis followed by freeze drying. Finally, biosorbent was obtained by treating powdered keratin with water dispersed modified graphene oxide and polymerized at high temperature. The biosorbents was tested for metals removal from synthetic contaminated water with concentration of 600, 1000 and 2000 ppb. Adsorption studies were performed using ICP-MS and compared with the commercially available adsorbents. Our study revealed that adsorbent can remove As, Se, Pb, Cu, Cd and Cr with adsorption capacity between 80-99% from the polluted water. This excellent adsorption capacity was ascribed to the incorporation of graphene oxide which increased the surface affinity of the keratin to adsorb heavy metals easily. The synthesis of environmentally benign adsorbent from chicken feathers showed potential to be implemented on larger scale. The study will also provide an alternate for chicken feathers utilization instead of simple disposal that causes environmental concerns.
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Завойкин, А. А., and В. Д. Кузнецов. "Notes on the Secondary Use of Amphorae in Phanagoria of the Archaic Period." In Hypanis. Труды отдела классической археологии ИА РАН. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-307-7.73-97.

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В статье рассматривается использование частей амфор в Фанагории архаического времени в производственных целях. Раскопками последних 15 лет на Верхнем городе были открыты уникальные конструкции. Они сделаны из верхних половин амфор, вкопанных горлом вниз. Горла были заполнены углями и золой. В плече этих амфор было сделано отверстие, к которому примыкала труба из нескольких амфорных горл, соединенных между собой в ряд. Очевидно, что мы имеем дело с топкой печи, в которую через трубу поступал воздух. Остатки верхней части печи удалось обнаружить только в одном случае. Это позволило реконструировать купольное перекрытие печи с круглым отверстием-продухом по середине. В целом конструкция печи и ее размеры дают возможность сделать вывод о том, что она позволяла достигать внутри высоких температур, пригодных, например, для плавления металла. Отсутствие следов керамического брака и окислов бронзы, вероятно, говорят о том, что в этих печах-горнах плавили благородные металлы. Повышенное содержание серебра в окружающем грунте дало основание для предположения о том, что здесь работали с ювелирными изделиями. Рядом с горнами располагались открытые очаги. Вероятно, технологический процесс предполагал обработку металлических изделий и при более низких температурах. Таким образом, открытые современными раскопками производственные комплексы показывают, что во второй половине 6 первых десятилетиях 5 вв. до н.э. (этим временем датируются все горны) в историческом ядре города на верхнем плато наряду с общественными зданиями располагались и ремесленные мастерские в жилых кварталах. Со временем исследуемый раскопками район становится акрополем Фанагории и следы ремесленной деятельности в дальнейшем здесь не наблюдаются. The article considers the use of parts of amphorae in Phanagoria for workshops purposes. The excavations of the last 15 years in the Upper City revealed unique constructions: the upper halves of amphorae dug upside down, their necks filled with charcoals and ashes. The shoulders of each of these amphorae had a hole with a pipe attached to it, made of several amphorae necks arranged in a row. It is evident that in this case we deal with a furnace, and the pipe was intended to supply it with air. Only in one case the remains of the upper part of such a furnace were discovered. It allowed to reconstruct the domed roof of the furnace with a round ventilation hole in the middle. The whole construction of the furnace and its size allows to suggest that high temperatures could be achieved within it, high enough for molding metals. Any traces of ceramic waist or bronze oxides are missing, which makes us suggest that the furnaces were used for molding precious metals. It is confirmed by the presence of silver in the surrounding ground. Open ovens were located near the furnaces. The technologies used here obviously included working on metal objects under comparatively low temperatures. The industrial complexes revealed by the excavations of the recent years show that in the second half of the 6th early 5th century B.C. (the date of all the furnaces) industrial quarters were located in the historical center of the city in the cratsmens dwelling. In the course of time this area became the acropolis of Phanagoria where no traces of industrial activities could be found.
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Reports on the topic "Precious metal industries"

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Boletín Económico Regional : Costa Caribe, II trimestre de 2021. Banco de la República, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/ber-costc.tr2-2021.

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Durante el segundo trimestre de 2021 la economía de la región Caribe registró un aumento anual respecto al mismo periodo del año anterior, y mejoró de manera importante el ritmo de crecimiento previo de los indicadores analizados, esto como resultado de la baja base de comparación y de la reactivación económica. Se destacó el avance en transporte, construcción, comercio, tanto interno como externo, e industria; en menor medida lo hicieron el sector financiero y el agropecuario. Este buen desempeño incidió de forma positiva en el mercado laboral, y el índice general de precios regional se mantuvo por debajo de la meta de inflación
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Boletín Económico Regional : Nororiente, III trimestre de 2021. Banco de la República, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/ber-noror.tr3-2021.

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La economía de Nororiente creció en el tercer trimestre de 2021, aunque a un ritmo menos acentuado que el periodo anterior, ante el gradual desvanecimiento del efecto base de comparación. El fuerte impulso de la demanda interna jalonó el buen desempeño de las ventas minoristas, la producción de la industria y el subsector pecuario; al tiempo que la demanda externa y los altos precios internacionales favorecieron las exportaciones. Entretanto, la construcción de edificaciones y la venta de vivienda nueva crecieron a un ritmo más moderado. La recuperación del mercado laboral continuó, pero sin restablecer los niveles prepandemia; mientras que la inflación al consumidor aumentó y en dos departamentos de la región estuvo por encima de la meta del Banco de la República.
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