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Academic literature on the topic 'Précipitations (météorologie) – Afrique centrale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Précipitations (météorologie) – Afrique centrale"
Gallardo, Yves. "Commentaire sur « L'évolution des idées sur la variabilité interannuelle récente des précipitations en Afrique de l'Ouest » de Serge Janicot et Bernard Fontaine {La Météorologie, 8e série, n° 1, mars 1993)." La Météorologie 8, no. 4 (1993): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/53382.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Précipitations (météorologie) – Afrique centrale"
Bigot, Sylvain. "Les précipitations et la convection profonde en Afrique centrale : cycle saisonnier, variabilité interannuelle et impact sur la végétation." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJO1023.
Full textThis study establishes the coherent signals of the climatic variability and its connections in central Africa from a rainfall data base (1951-90), as well as satellite data and a reanalysis of the data from gcm. The water vapour advections over central Africa originate in the southern Atlantic Ocean with greater intraseasonal changes than those observed at the interannual scale. The heart of the Congo basin is also a regional source of divergence which is present for most of the year, and which redistributes water towards the Sahel or south-eastern Zaire. The surface conditions, for example topography and forestry, are important. In addition, the monthly olr reflects the rainfall of central Africa associated with deep convection and tropical circulation on global scale, but is not a good indicator of rainfall for all regions and all periods of the year. Central Africa is not a uniform rainfall area which varies homogeneously at interannual scale. Nevertheless, many analogies can be mad with other African areas. The enso signal is particularly visible in the deep convection of central Africa. Each enso occurrence corresponds with a modulation of the amplitude of the semi-annual rain cycle in the Congo-Gabon area, proving the predictive power of the sst. The rainfall modulation of the Atlantic, pacific and Indian sst's in central Africa is linked to a change in the east-west circulation due to the modification of the instable areas. The thermal variations in the southern Atlantic also impose a change in latitude of the itcz and the advections. The phenological mapping of rainforests using ndvi identifies different forestry behaviours and indicates certain spatio-temporal differences. A time lag is often observed between the rainfall and the forestry productivity. It is difficult to extract a bioclimatic signal due to the instrumental bias, but the interannual variations of the ndvi of the rca and northern Zaire are explained by the rainfall
Bakam, Victor. "Les fluctuations pluviométriques en Afrique centrale : étude régionale." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL12037.
Full textThe problems about research in tropical climatology are mainly the lwo density of observations post, the inequal spatial repartition of measurements and the very bad quality of some series, because of the importance of missing datas. The value of results and conclusions depend of the exactness in reviewer of existing datas and their spatial repartition. In central africa, the study of rainfall comming from the best stations in the period going from 1946 to 1985 shows the evolution and the main climatic change seen at continental and planet scale in the second half of the twentieth century. The main componment analysis allows a global approch of rainfall evolution and spatial organisation of rainfall field variability. The maps show the spatial organisation of rainfall variability field, and the graphs of annual score s on factorial axes give pictures of the chronologic rainfall flucturations. These rainfall fluctuations in the region are in closely accordance with the diversity of the physical milieu; otherwise, there is a relation between the rainfall diminution and the activity of the two actions center which deal with the spatial organisation of rainfield. The final result is a general rainfall deficiency irrelevant to the weakening of st. Helena anticyclone and the reinforcement of harmattan winds comming from sahara. In the north, the faillure of rainfall is more important than in the south. If the trend observes since 1970 continues, the monthly rainfall means which caracterise african intertropical rainfall regimes should be modified. Mainly if the normal rainfall period runs from 1970 to 2000, according to the 30 years wmo recommandations
Lefeivre, Brigitte. "Etude expérimentale et par modélisation des caractéristiques physiques et chimiques des précipitations collectées en forêt équatoriale africaine." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30077.
Full textKamsu, Tamo Pierre Honoré. "Analyse de la variabilité atmosphérique à l'échelle intrasaisonnière et de sa prévisibilité au dessus de la côte guinéenne et de l'Afrique Centrale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066401/document.
Full textIn this study we document the intraseasonal variability of the tropical convection and its predictability during the rainy season over the Central Africa and the Gulf of Guinea. Here, our study mainly focuses on seasons of the year for which the ITCZ is north of the equator. Based separate studies carried out on March to June and September to November seasons, we are able to identify three main modes of variability that modulate tropical convection and rainfall in West and Central Africa. During these two seasons, while individual rain-producing systems move westward, their activity is highly modulated by eastward propagating subregional and regional scale systems. Results of detailed analysis indicate the coupling between tropical convection and equatorial Kelvin wave in the region. The phases of these eastward propagating signals play an important role by regulating the organization of convective systems. Moreover, the role played by westward propagating signals (Rossby wave in particular) and Mediterranean air intrusion needs to be taken into account. These systems by interacting with Kelvin wave, may modulate the phases of convective activity in the region. Therefore, external forcing associated with these systems can be useful to the predictability of the intraseasonal modes the region. A multi model diagnostic study is performed using data available from the TIGGE project in order to evaluate the predictability of each of the main modes of variability. For a typical phase of these modes, there seems to be a statistically significant skill associated with predictability of beyond 10 days, especially for predictions initiated from active main sources
Beltrando, Gérard. "Variabilité interannuelle des précipitations en Afrique orientale (Kenya, Ouganda, Tanzanie) et relations avec la dynamique de l'atmosphère." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX23006.
Full textThe space-time variability of rainfall over east africa is studied using two factors (spatial and temporal) variance analysis model over the period 1932-1983
Philippon, Nathalie. "Une nouvelle approche pour la prévision statistique des précipitations saisonnières en Afrique de l'Ouest et de l'Est : méthodes, diagnostics (1968-1998) et applications (2000-2001)." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOL015.
Full textA new approach for West and East African seasonal rainfall forecasting, based on continental and atmospheric forcing predictors and the 1968-1998 homogeneous period is developed. CRU and CRC precipitation databases, NCEP/NCAR reanalyses are used for diagnoses. The West African rainy seasons are preceded by Moist Static Energy field anomalies. An inter-season memory involving soil moisture, vegetation, then MSE over Guinea is found. The East African ones are related to atmospheric dynamics signals: Indian monsoon and Walker type circulation for the short rains, Congo basin air mass intrusion and subtropical stationary waves for the long rains. A 27% explained variance gain is obtained with multiple regression, discriminant analysis and neural networks models fed with these predictors. The 2000-2001 Sahelian rainy seasons real-time forecasts made with these models were correct
Gueye, Abdou Karim. "Modélisation statistique des précipitations quotidiennes au Sénégal." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066439.
Full textPaiva, Marques Evaristo Raquel Maria de. "Microphysique et dynamique des systèmes précipitants en Afrique de l'Ouest." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0051.
Full textOver West Africa squall lines are of great importance due to the water supply they carry, especially in the soudano-sahelian region. These systems have been widely studied either using real data or mesoscale models. Today much is known about their structure and dynamics, but little attention has been given to the microphysics of these systems, mostly because of the lack of large scale microphysical observations. During the AMMA campaign dual polarimetric radars were for the first time deployed in West Africa, in particular the CETP’s RONSARD radar. The polarimetric variables obtained by this instrument depend on the characteristics of the targets and thus are very useful in discriminating between the different hydrometeor types. 43 precipitating events were observed by the radar during the field experiment, among which were 10 squall lines. The microphysics of West African squall lines is documented based on the study of three systems. The interaction between the dynamics and the microphysics is also described. One case of pure stratiform precipitation is also illustrated and the differences between this and squall lines are addressed
Deme, Abdoulaye. "Indices de convection et précipitations quotidiennes en Afrique de l'Ouest : un pas vers la prévision de la pluie à Dakar à quelques jours d'échéance." Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120070.
Full textThis study investigates the relation between stability indexes and West African daily rainfall amounts in order to predict the daily ram amount at 1-5 day lead times. Daily precipitation on a grid 2. 5ʿ x 2. 5ʿ for the period 1968-1990 was obtained from the Institut Français pour la Recherche et le Développement (IRD). Sixty-five indexes were computed using NCEP-NCAR reanalyses in the area 15ʿS-30ʿN, 30ʿW-30ʿE. The dataset consist of reanalyses of the global observation network of meteorological variable : pressure, geopotential height, temperature, humidity and wind components. Indexes may be divided into two categories thermodynamical (temperature and humidity) and dynamical (wind components). A climatological study for the summer 1985 shows links between indexes, easterly waves and OLR. These links are weaker in the Gulf of Guinea that in the Sahel. The study relates to daily rains in august because precipitation totals are larger then at Dakar and because the ITCZ lies at it most northerly latitude, thus all problems with trends were avoided. The Dakar region is the westernmost part of the Sahel. During summer, winds blow east to west in the troposphere above the monsoon layer ; hence, we have the largest possible number of grid points from which to compute the predictors. Linear regression equations were established to forecast rain at Dakar, divided in seven classes. For each lead time and each index, correlation coefficients were computed in order to deterrnine the grid point when the correlation reaches its maximum value during the period 1968-1984, and so to be included in the regression equation. The predicting skill of the equations was tested on the six remaining Augusts (1985-1990). The regression equations for six precipitation amount classes at the 1- to the 3-day lead times, though not very good for large rain amounts, perform better than the climatological forecast. Regression equations were also computed to predict 3-day rain amounts. Results show that it is difficult to miss small rainfall amounts. A stepwise foreward regression method was attempted to evaluate the importance of the various predictors. Thermodynamical indexes such as the Lifting Condensation Level and Humidity at 925 hPa, vorticity at 700 hPa and mixes indexes such as Water Vapor Fluxes were the best predictors
Poccard, Isabelle. "Etude diagnostique de nouvelles données climatiques : les réanalyses : exemples d'application aux précipitations en Afrique tropicale." Dijon, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012042.
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