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Academic literature on the topic 'Précipitations (météorologie) – Sénégal'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Précipitations (météorologie) – Sénégal"
Gueye, Abdou Karim. "Modélisation statistique des précipitations quotidiennes au Sénégal." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066439.
Full textNzeukou, Takougang Armand Cyrille. "Variabilité spatiale à moyenne échelle des conditions de propagation des micro-ondes dans les précipitations." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30011.
Full textThiam, Mamadou. "Couplage océan-atmosphère en Atlantique Tropical Nord-Est et impact sur les précipitations au Sénégal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS073.pdf.
Full textThe study of ocean-atmosphere coupling in the North-East Tropical Atlantic (NETA) region has long been overlooked, as climate variability in this area and adjacent regions, particularly precipitation in the Sahel, is primarily controlled by large-scale atmospheric circulation. However, the presented research demonstrates that this coupling is significant and explores the influence of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) on moisture transport from the Atlantic Ocean to Senegal and precipitation.The first step involved identifying the main mode characterizing precipitation variability from July to September in Senegal over a 40-year period (1979-2018). Using monthly data for July, August, and September, the derived index from CRU observation data represents two-thirds of the total variance, shared between intraseasonal (summer monthly data) and interannual components. This Senegalese mode was compared to a similar mode obtained for precipitation across the entire Sahel, showing significant correlation (R=0.7) and sharing over 50% of their intermonthly/interannual variance. However, linear regressions on SST anomalies reveal that this Senegalese mode is less influenced by atmospheric teleconnections such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific, the North Atlantic, or the Mediterranean, unlike the Sahel. Instead, it appears to be strongly linked to SST in the NETA.In the second part of the thesis, ERA5 reanalysis data were employed to examine SST, wind, pressure, and humidity transport signals in the NETA preceding an increase in precipitation in Senegal. The results suggest the existence of an interesting regional feedback mechanism: one to two months before increased precipitation, a large-scale atmospheric circulation fluctuation leads to a slowdown of the northeast trade winds, resulting in the formation of an SST warm anomaly in the NETA. In July-August-September (JAS), the rise in precipitation in Senegal also coincides with an increase in low-level moisture transport from the Atlantic, linked to an intensification of the West African Westerly Jet (WAWJ) slightly north of its average position (10°N). This corresponds to a geostrophic response to fluctuations in the meridional pressure gradient. As these fluctuations could arise from hydrostatic adjustment to meridional gradients south of the SST anomaly, Senegal's precipitation variability could be significantly influenced by NETA SST through this mechanism.In the final part, a finer-scale examination of a possible feedback between SST and surface wind in NETA was conducted. Despite less pronounced SST variability in this region, a consistent pattern is identified: an SST warm anomaly results from pressure fluctuations in the North Atlantic, coinciding with the passage of a high-pressure system within the wave train crossing the southern West African Westerly Jet (WAWJ). This warm anomaly subsequently leads to a local pressure decrease, with its southern half explaining the increase in wind in the WAWJ region. Thus, a negative feedback between SST and surface wind extends over one to two weeks, likely explaining the previously identified signals at the monthly scale.This mechanism potentially influences intraseasonal to interannual precipitation variability in Senegal. Subsequent steps will involve assessing its significance through forced modeling and verifying its accurate representation in operational forecasting models
Cissé, Soukèye. "Etude de la variabilité intra saisonnière des précipitations au Sahel : impacts sur la végétation (cas du Ferlo au Sénégal)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066177.pdf.
Full textThe Sahel is characterized by a strong intra-seasonal variability of rainfall. This variability strongly affects ecosystems during the vegetation growth. The objective of this thesis is to characterize this variability at the local scale from the relationship between rainfall and vegetation dynamics, and to identify relevant indicators to better describe the variability in each season. This study is carried out in the Ferlo’s catchment, a basin located in northern Senegal. The first part is devoted to the characterization of the relationship between rainfall anomalies and growth of vegetation from remote sensing data TRMM3B42, RFE 2.0 SM-ECV (Soil Moisture) and MODIS LAI. Aiming that, the Ferlo basin is divided into 9 zones "homogeneous entity", in terms of vegetation cover class and soil type. For each one are analyzed the rain data from both databases, soil moisture and LAI over the period 2000-2010. In a second time, with a vegetation model adapted to the region forced by satellite rain fields, the LAI is simulated on several entities and is compared to the MODIS LAI, applying on the simulations the same methodologies as for observations. The results of this study show consistency between rainfall variations with both databases and soil moisture. The LAI variations are more strongly correlated with the soil moisture variations than with the rainfall. On the Ferlo, we observe that vegetation needs two weeks to respond to rainfall anomalies during the rainy season. At the season scale, the starting date of the rainy season does not affect the maximum LAI, unlike the duration and intensity of the dry spells. Entities located on sandy soil (ferruginous) have better sensitivity to rainfall fluctuations as those located on lithosoils. In addition, on entities located in the Southeast, the density of the shrub and tree vegetation induces a different phenological cycle than those of the herbaceous (lag of the maximum LAI). The model STEP, initialized with satellite rainfall data, reproduces after adjustment the vegetation growth stage in the entities where grassland dominates. The response of the simulated LAI to the rain anomalies is consistent with those observed, confirming the interpretation of observations. This study allowed to define the most relevant parameters that affect the dynamics of vegetation but also to highlight the capabilities of the model to describe the seasonal cycle of vegetation
Cissé, Soukèye. "Etude de la variabilité intra saisonnière des précipitations au Sahel : impacts sur la végétation (cas du Ferlo au Sénégal)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066177/document.
Full textThe Sahel is characterized by a strong intra-seasonal variability of rainfall. This variability strongly affects ecosystems during the vegetation growth. The objective of this thesis is to characterize this variability at the local scale from the relationship between rainfall and vegetation dynamics, and to identify relevant indicators to better describe the variability in each season. This study is carried out in the Ferlo’s catchment, a basin located in northern Senegal. The first part is devoted to the characterization of the relationship between rainfall anomalies and growth of vegetation from remote sensing data TRMM3B42, RFE 2.0 SM-ECV (Soil Moisture) and MODIS LAI. Aiming that, the Ferlo basin is divided into 9 zones "homogeneous entity", in terms of vegetation cover class and soil type. For each one are analyzed the rain data from both databases, soil moisture and LAI over the period 2000-2010. In a second time, with a vegetation model adapted to the region forced by satellite rain fields, the LAI is simulated on several entities and is compared to the MODIS LAI, applying on the simulations the same methodologies as for observations. The results of this study show consistency between rainfall variations with both databases and soil moisture. The LAI variations are more strongly correlated with the soil moisture variations than with the rainfall. On the Ferlo, we observe that vegetation needs two weeks to respond to rainfall anomalies during the rainy season. At the season scale, the starting date of the rainy season does not affect the maximum LAI, unlike the duration and intensity of the dry spells. Entities located on sandy soil (ferruginous) have better sensitivity to rainfall fluctuations as those located on lithosoils. In addition, on entities located in the Southeast, the density of the shrub and tree vegetation induces a different phenological cycle than those of the herbaceous (lag of the maximum LAI). The model STEP, initialized with satellite rainfall data, reproduces after adjustment the vegetation growth stage in the entities where grassland dominates. The response of the simulated LAI to the rain anomalies is consistent with those observed, confirming the interpretation of observations. This study allowed to define the most relevant parameters that affect the dynamics of vegetation but also to highlight the capabilities of the model to describe the seasonal cycle of vegetation
Louvet, Samuel. "MODULATIONS INTRASAISONNIÈRES DE LA MOUSSON D'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST ET IMPACTS SUR LES VECTEURS DU PALUDISME À NDIOP (SÉNÉGAL) : DIAGNOSTICS ET PRÉVISIBILITÉ." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333234.
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