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Journal articles on the topic 'Precision ball screw'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Zhao, Jiajia, Mingxing Lin, Xianchun Song, and Qizhen Guo. "Analysis of the precision sustainability of the preload double-nut ball screw with consideration of the raceway wear." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 234, no. 9 (October 25, 2019): 1530–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650119883484.

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Ball screws are the driving components used to convert the rotational motion into linear motion in precision equipment. However, the machining accuracy of precision equipment is directly determined by the positioning accuracy of the ball screw. The authors analyze the precision sustainability of preload double-nut ball screws with raceway wear. A new wear model combining the modified Archard theory and the iterative interpolation method is established to analyze the variations in wear depth. A new model considering the coupling relationship between raceway wear and preload loss is proposed to study the precision life of the double-nut ball screw. In addition, a novel running test bench is designed to verify the precision sustainability of ball screws. The precision sustainability of the ball screw is analyzed during its life cycle, and these results match the theoretical values obtained by using the wear model.

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2

Wang, Fu Ji, Jian Wei Ma, Zhen Yuan Jia, Jiang Yuan Yang, and Di Song. "Multiple Influencing Factors Analysis for Non-Conformal Contact Characteristics of Ball Screw." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.707.

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The contact between balls and screw races or nut races is a kind of typical non-conformal contact. The study of contact characteristics of ball screw will provide theoretical bases for improving transmission efficiency and working properties of ball screw. In this study, hertz contact theory was adopted to construct the solution formula of ball screw’s contact stiffness, ball screw’s contact characteristics in terms of axial load, design parameters and material properties was analyzed, and the contact deformation value of the contact between ball and screw races was got using finite element simulation method. The simulation result is close to the theoretic value, which proves the correctness of the theory analysis. The present study offers theoretical support for the design and application of high speed, heavy load and precision ball screws.

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3

Xu, Guang Yuan, Wei Jun Tao, and Hu Tian Feng. "Model of Precision Loss for the Precision Ball Screw." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1680–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1680.

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Aiming at the precision retaining ability problems of the precision ball screw, the modeling on the motion precision loss process under load condition is studied. The mechanics and deformation of the interface of ball and groove under load condition is analyzed by using the classical mechanics and Hertz contact theory, also a precision loss model for precision ball screw is established based on the dynamic characteristics analysis of the ball screw. Regardless of the external interference, the impact of various factors on the precision loss is analyzed and calculated.

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4

Zhou, Chang-Guang, Yi Ou, Hu-Tian Feng, and Zeng-Tao Chen. "Investigation of the precision loss for ball screw raceway based on the modified Archard theory." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-12-2015-0204.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the precision loss of ball screw raceway under different operating conditions and geometry parameters. Design/methodology/approach Based on a new coefficient K’ introduced especially for ball screws to reflect the actual contact condition, the modified Archard theory is applied to ball screws to obtain wear volume of the ball-screw contacts. Thus, the axial precision loss can be defined as the ratio of the wear volume to the contact area. Meanwhile, a novel running bench and a precision-measuring system of ball screws are conducted. Precision variation is obtained and analyzed during the whole life running test, which agrees well with the theoretical values calculated in this paper. Findings For a given rotational speed, the increasing rate of the precision loss rate is high at low axial load and then becomes small with the increasing axial load, whereas for a given axial load, the precision loss rate is proportional to the rotational speed. Besides, the precision loss rate is reduced with the increasing contact angle between a ball and the screw raceway, and is proportional to the helix angle when the angle changes from 1 to 10 degrees. Research limitations/implications The rotational speed used in this experiment is low and the ball screw is of no-load type, although results calculated by the model and Wei’s model seem close when the axial load is high, whether the model built in the paper is applicable to the condition of high rotational speed and preload still needs to be verified in the future work. Practical implications This study provides an accurate model to predict the precision loss of the screw raceway and estimate the remaining life of ball screws, which is significant for better performance of ball screws as well as the computer numerical control machine tools. Originality/value Previous studies on the wear of ball screws mainly focused on the drag torque analysis and mechanical efficiency estimation, and the experiment to verify their theoretical analysis was almost all limited to the test of drag torque or axial rigidity, which is neither sufficient nor persuasive. However, in this paper, the authors proposed a comprehensive wear prediction model which combines the modified Archard wear theory, Hertz contact theory and kinematic theory of ball screws. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this kind of study has never been reported in the literature. In addition, for the lack of the test bench and high cost of the experiment, the whole life operation test, which is designed and conducted to confirm the model in this paper, has never been reported in literature either.

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5

Luo, Haitao, Jia Fu, Lichuang Jiao, and Fengqun Zhao. "Theoretical Calculation and Simulation Analysis of Axial Static Stiffness of Double-Nut Ball Screw with Heavy Load and High Precision." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (June 27, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9608794.

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Double-nut ball screws bear the action of bidirectional pretightening force, leading to the deformation of the contact area between the ball and the raceway. Under this condition, it is important to analyze and calculate the static stiffness of the ball screw. However, the conventional calculation method is inaccurate. Hence, a new method for the static stiffness analysis of a double-nut ball screw is proposed. Through the structural analysis of the ball screw and internal load distribution, a load deformation model was established based on the Hertzian contact theory. Through the load analysis of the ball screw, a static stiffness model of the ball screw was established and applied to a case study and a finite element simulation. The rigidity of THK double-nut ball screws used in the X-axis feed system of a high-stiffness heavy-duty friction stir welding robot (developed by the research group) was calculated. When the workload was lower than 1.1 × 104 N, the slope of the double-nut static stiffness curve increased significantly with the increase in the workload, and when the workload was greater than 1.1 × 104 N, its upward slope tended to stabilize. The simulated and experimental stiffness curves were in good agreement; when the external axial load was greater than 2.8 × 104 N, the stiffness value calculated using the finite element method gradually converged to the theoretical value; and when the axial load reached 3.0 × 104 N, the simulation and test curves matched well. The analysis method of the double-nut ball screw was found to be concise and accurate, and the stiffness curves calculated using the two methods were consistent. The simulation analysis of the static stiffness presented herein is expected to aid the design of double-nut ball screws of high-rigidity heavy-duty equipment.

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6

Thakur, Rahul, Varinder Mandley, and Sashank Thapa. "Optimization of Ball Screw Diameter using Finite Element Method to Achieve Minimum Deflection." CGC International Journal of Contemporary Technology and Research 2, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46860/cgcijctr.2020.06.26.81.

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Ball-Screw is a mechanical actuator that transforms the rotational motion of the motor into a linear motion of drive. The ball-screw is commonly used in industrial precision machines and due to this very reason it had been a common topic of research for many scholars, as precision in motion renders to precision in work directly. In this paper, some of the work done by different research scholars on different parametric aspects of ball screw had been discussed alongside optimization of ball screw diameter. The aspects which had been reviewed are elastic deformation & stiffness in ball screw, feed velocity and preloading, preload control in ball screw and various other aspects of preloading such as loss detection. Furthermore, the Finite elemental method had been applied to find the suitable diameter of the ball screw to render minimum deflection and stress value possible with the chosen material.

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7

Gao, Qin, Guo, Wang, and Zan. "Adaptive Method to Reduce Thermal Deformation of Ball Screws Based on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics." Materials 12, no. 19 (September 24, 2019): 3113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193113.

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Abstract: In high-speed precision machining, thermal deformation caused by temperature rise affects the accuracy stability of the machine tool to a significant extent. In order to reduce the thermal deformation of ball screws and improve the accuracy, a new adaptive method based on carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) was proposed in this study and the thermal deformation of ball screws was determined. By using the sequential coupling method, the thermal–structural coupling analysis of a ball screw was conducted based on the finite element method (FEM). The analysis results were verified through a comparison with the experimental results. Based on the verification, an FE model of the improved ball screw was established to study its thermal characteristics. The key design parameters of the improved ball screw were optimized based on the Kriging model and genetic algorithm (GA). The thermal reduction effect of the improved ball screw was validated through the experimental results. The results indicate that the adaptive method proposed in this research is effective in reducing the thermal deformation of ball screws.

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8

Zhao, Jiajia, Mingxing Lin, Xianchun Song, and Hongkui Jiang. "Research on the precision loss of ball screw with short-time overload impact." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 2018): 168781401881790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018817902.

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Ball screw is the driving functional component most frequently used for the precision equipment. To a certain extent, the transmission accuracy of precision equipment is affected by the position error of ball screw caused by the elastic–plastic deformation between ball and raceway under the overload impact. This article aims to investigate the precision loss of ball screw considering short-time overload impact. A novel precision loss model combining the Hertzian and Thornton contact theories is established to describe the variations in the axial deformation depths. Thus, the axial precision loss can be defined as the differential value between the initial no-loading travel variations and the loading stroke variations caused by the axial plastic deformation of raceway. Meanwhile, the maximum stress and the residual plastic deformation for four couples of ball-raceway materials are analyzed. Furthermore, the relationship between the precision loss and the elastic–plastic deformation is studied by the theoretical analysis and experiments. The results show that the position and precision is affected indeed by the contact deformation. The position and precision loss of the nut relative to the screw increases with the increase in the axial load. The results can help to provide the prediction for the precision life of ball screw operating in high-load condition.

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9

Xu, Zhe Zhu, Xiao Jing Liu, In Bum Lee, In Shup Ahn, and Sung Ki Lyu. "A Study on Heat Generation Control of a Precision Ball Screw Drive System." Advanced Materials Research 680 (April 2013): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.680.360.

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In this paper, a novel/well designed high speed/high precision nut air cooling ball screw system was developed to avoid thermal errors which affect the positioning accuracy and the temperature rise of ball screw. In order to discuss the effectiveness of the developed high speed/high precision nut air cooling ball screw system, a series of tests was done. As the results, it shows that the positioning accuracy will significantly improve with the use of the nut air cooling ball screw drive system shown in this paper.

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10

Barbu, Stefan, Dorin Telea, and Ilie Octavian Popp. "Study on Improving the Functional Performance of Linear Motion Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 760 (May 2015): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.760.583.

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In the construction of high performance mechanical transmission with high precision in movement and positioning are used ball screws with preloaded double nuts. Among the factors that influence the performance of these transmissions are friction idle torque and friction load torque. Because, theoretically, the friction idle torque is influenced only by the preload force that loading, the double nut of the ball screw, was experimentally determined dependence of that torque of screw speed. Given the set was determined and exposed in the present work, the relation of dependency, idle friction torque, preload force and screw speed. From the relationship thus obtained can determine the instantaneous friction coefficient of the ball screw, a value that is found in the expression of power lost through friction - default transmission efficiency.

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11

Chen, Kai, Li Zu, and Li Wang. "Prediction of preload attenuation of ball screw based on support vector machine." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 9 (September 2018): 168781401879916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018799161.

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Ball screw is a mechanical device widely used in mechanical field. The reverse clearance of ball screw will reduce its precision. In order to eliminate the reverse clearance, it is necessary to apply preload to the ball screw. It is very difficult to measure the preload in real time, and the data are large and time-consuming. By using machine learning method to predict and supervise preload, the changing trend of working condition of ball screw can be evaluated in advance, and the working precision of screw is controlled, which has important engineering significance. In this article, the relationship between the preload and the friction torque is obtained through theoretical derivation and experimental verification. Then, the support vector machine is used as a tool to model the friction torque of ball screw with the parameters of material, lubrication, and revolution, and predict the value and trend of preload to complete the supervision and prediction of the preload of the ball screw. By comparing the experimental results, it is proved that the support vector machine is feasible in predicting and supervising the attenuation of the preload of ball screw.

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12

Miura, Tetsuya, Atsushi Matsubara, Daisuke Kono, Kazuma Otaka, and Kaoru Hoshide. "Design of high-precision ball screw based on small-ball concept." Precision Engineering 47 (January 2017): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2016.09.020.

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13

Tao, Li. "Researching on the Selection and Verification of Ball Screw Pair Based on Reforming of CNC Lathe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 703 (December 2014): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.703.167.

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Numerical control reform of ordinary lathe has the advantages of economy, practicality and stability. In order to ensure the accuracy of the feed system, vertical screw pair must be exchanged for a ball screw pair. The processing precision of the work piece can be guaranteed. Combined with the practice, this paper discusses the ball screw pair selecting in the reforming process of NC lathe. And the aspects of its size, precision, bearing capacity is checked.

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14

Liu, Jialan, Chi Ma, and Shilong Wang. "Precision loss modeling method of ball screw pair." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 135 (January 2020): 106397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.106397.

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15

NAKAMURA, Shinya, and Kazuo MIYAGUCHI. "Technical Development of Precision Bearing and Ball Screw." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 75, no. 1 (2009): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.75.121.

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16

Xu, Zhe-Zhu, Xiao-Jing Liu, Chong-Hun Choi, and Sung-Ki Lyu. "A novel high speed/high precision ball screw." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 14, no. 1 (December 29, 2012): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-013-0023-0.

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17

Cuttino, J. F., T. A. Dow, and B. F. Knight. "Analytical and Experimental Identification of Nonlinearities in a Single-Nut, Preloaded Ball Screw." Journal of Mechanical Design 119, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2828782.

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The nonlinear performance of a single-nut, preloaded ball screw actuator is analyzed in this paper. The study identifies the source of nonlinear torque in the ball screw and subsequently maps that torque into the nonlinear displacement response due to windup in the shaft. The study is complemented with an experimental verification using a small angle rotation fixture (ARC) to input very small amplitude angular displacements to the screw while measuring induced torque and displacements. The experimental results are obtained from a Precision Linear Optimization Testbed (PLOT) which was developed to study the ability of different actuator systems to provide long range motion with nanometer accuracy. The analysis is conducted for the case of no axial loading. The study shows that the nonlinearities in the ball screw originate in the rolling friction between the balls and the races which induces torque in the nut and subsequently windup in the shaft. It also shows that the torque can be deduced from a relationship of the torque between a ball spinning in a race.

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18

Xu, Xiang Rong, Xian Chun Song, Hong Kui Jiang, and Yan Feng Li. "Finite Element Modal Analysis of Ball Screws Linear Guide Feed Unit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.67.

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With the high-speed and high-precision development of CNC machine tool, the vibration problem of ball screws linear guide feed unit has become more and more prominent. The dynamic characteristics was analyzed for ball screws linear guide feed unit, the 3D finite element model was built, the finite element modal analysis was discussed, the natural frequency and vibration modes were obtained, which were compared with the test results. The vibration weaknesses of ball screws linear guide feed unit were found out. The results show that the vibration weaknesses of ball screws linear guide feed unit occur mainly in the ball screws and its connection part with the worktable, its natural frequency are affected by its supporting pattern, and more close to the test results compared with those of ball screw feed unit without considering linear guide, which provide theoretical basis for the structure optimization of ball screws linear guide feed unit.

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19

Wang, Yiqiang, Zhengcai Guo, Botao Liu, Yanfei Zhu, and Haibo Luo. "Investigation of ball screw’s alignment error based on dynamic modeling and magnitude analysis of worktable sensed vibration signals." Assembly Automation 37, no. 4 (September 4, 2017): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-08-2016-088.

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Purpose The alignment precision of existing methods is limited by the precision of detecting element and worker’s experience, which the parallelism between ball screw and guide way is not guaranteed effectively. Thus, this paper aims to propose a method of detecting ball screw’s alignment error (BSAE) via monitoring the average vibration magnitude induced by rotational frequency of ball screw (VMRFBS). Design/methodology/approach In this study, the ball screw is simplified as a freely supported beam. A mathematical model of the effect of BSAE on the contact angle of the ball and screw is established. The change of contact angle has effect on the deformation and contact stiffness according to the Hertz contact theory. To improve the accuracy of the experimental results, the VMRFBS are analyzed by using average method, and the average values of the VMRFBS at different BSAEs are calculated by using the least squares method. Findings The experimental results show that the average VMRFBS increases with the increasing of BSAE under the BSAE from 0 to 0.2 mm, while the other conditions are unchanged. Originality/value This method provides an approach to monitor the BSAE and improve the alignment accuracy of machine tools and automation equipment, which has a certain guide for improving the alignment accuracy of ball screw.

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20

JEDRZEJEWSKI, Jerzy, Zbigniew KOWAL, Wojciech KWASNY, and Zdzislaw WINIARSKI. "Ball screw unit precise modelling with dynamics of loads and moving heat sources taken into account." Journal of Machine Engineering 19, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6228.

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This paper deals with the precision modelling of the ball screw unit’s thermal behaviour in the turning centre and its impact on the tool head positioning error. The error components along controllable axes X and Z are described in detail using an FE model integrating the changes in thermal and force loads and deformations occurring during the motion of the nut as a heat source. The impact of the nut work cycle on the thermal deformations of the ball screw and the displacements of the slideways and the screw points along both the axes and on carriage positioning precision is demonstrated.

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21

Liu, Le Ping, Qun Qun Gao, and Guo Hong Deng. "Characteristics Ansys of Hydraulic Cushion for High-Speed & High-Precision CNC Lathe." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 1444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1444.

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In order to solve the transmission precision of ball screw of High-speed & high-precision CNC lathe, design a kind of hydraulic cushion which can maintain transmission stiffness of components. Use the axial strain output of hydraulic cushion to ensure pre-stretching force of ball screw is constant to maintain its constant transmission stiffness. Practice has proved that there are good linear characteristics between the axial strain output of hydraulic cushion and the input of oil pressure.

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22

Fleischer, J., and S. Herder. "Adaptronic Ball Screw for the Enhancement of Machine Precision." Procedia CIRP 1 (2012): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2012.05.010.

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23

Ma, Chi, Jun Yang, Xue Song Mei, Liang Zhao, Hu Shi, and Dong Sheng Zhang. "Dynamic Thermal-Structure Coupling Analysis and Experimental Study on Ball Screw Feed Drive System of Precision Machine Tools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 868 (July 2017): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.868.124.

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To improve the simulation accuracy of the thermal characteristic of ball screw feed drive systems, a dynamic thermal-structure coupling model, which considered the effect of the thermal contact conductance (TCC) of the solid joint on the accuracy of simulation results, was proposed to conduct thermal characteristic analysis of ball screw feed drive systems. The predictive model for TCC was proposed based on the micro morphology description of rough surfaces and the contact load distribution of solid joints. Then, the dynamic thermal-structure model of the ball screw feed drive system was established. To validate the effectiveness of the dynamic thermal-structure coupling model, thermal characteristic experiments of the ball screw feed drive system were conducted under different feed rates. The results showed that the simulation accuracy of temperature field and axial thermal elongation can be improved from 65% to 87% and from 70% to 85%, respectively.

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24

Lilin, Wangbo, and Quanxiaofeng. "Design and analysis of magnetic matrix screw based on green manufacturing concept." E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 03087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124503087.

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Lead screws are the most commonly used transmission components in tool machinery and precision machinery, and are widely used in various industrial equipment and precision instruments. However, the screw tooth profile squeezes and friction causes the gear to break, tooth surface wear, tooth surface pitting and other damage, which reduces the service life of the screw; the use of a large amount of lubricants can not ignore the environmental impact. The design and research of this subject are based on the traditional ball screw mechanism, and based on the magnetic field force, the force transmission and state transformation can be realized without contact. It has significant advantages in terms of improving product service life and reducing pollution caused by lubricating fluid, which is in line with the trend of green and sustainable development. This paper analyzes the principle of non-contact magnetic matrix structure and transmission principle, and conducts finite element analysis on the parameters of screw thrust and torque. Finally, a non-contact screw experimental platform is designed to verify the screw thrust.

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25

Tsai, Ping Hsueh, and Hsiao Yeh Chu. "Effects of the Nano-Diamond Additives on the Tribological Performance Improvement of Lubricating Grease." Key Engineering Materials 642 (April 2015): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.642.298.

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Ball screw is a very important element in precision machine industry. It has a lot of superior characteristics such as low friction coefficient, long life, high positioning accuracy and as well as converting rotational motion to linear motion. Therefore, the lubricant used in the ball screw should be low friction and wear in order to meet the aims of the above mentioned properties. The ultra-dispersed nanodiamond (UDD) is dispersed in the dispersant. The UDD is served as an extreme pressure additive in the test grease that is applied to the ball screw. Four-ball extreme pressure tests and bearing life tests were conducted in this study to evaluate the extreme pressure performance and durability enhancement of the test grease. The four-ball test results showed that the optimum selection of the dispersant category, UDD mean particle diameter and concentration added to the test grease provided by the cooperated ball screw manufacturer in this study are OLA, 200 nm and 100 ppm, respectively.

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26

Wei, Chin Chung, Jeng Haur Horng, and Jen Fin Lin. "Thermal Analysis of a Ball-Screw System." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 818–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.818.

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High speed ball-screw system has serious friction heat to form thermal expansion to each component. An analyzing model considering with contact deformation and thermal expansion is established in realizing positioning error for a high speed ball-screw system. A finite element model of nut is also built in calculating elongation of nut. Surface strain of nut is measured by strain gages in order to confirm with data obtained from finite element model. Temperature of nut and screw were also measured by thermal couples and are used in calculation of elongation by the use of linear elongation equation. The tendency of positioning error is well estimated by the analyzing model. The model can be used in feedback positioning control factor and develop precision high speed ball-screw system.

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27

Guo, Liang, Yingqi Huang, Hongli Gao, and Li Zhang. "Ball Screw Fault Detection and Location Based on Outlier and Instantaneous Rotational Frequency Estimation." Shock and Vibration 2019 (July 10, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7497363.

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Ball screw, as a crucial component, is widely used in various rotating machines. Its health condition significantly influences the efficiency and position precision of rotating machines. Therefore, it is important to accurately detect faults and estimate fault location in a ball screw system to make sure that the ball screw system runs safely and effectively. However, there are few research studies concerning the topic. The aim of this paper is to fill the gap. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically detect and locate faults in a ball screw system. The proposed method mainly consists of two steps: fault time estimation and instantaneous rotational frequency extraction. In the first step, a statistics-based outlier detection method is proposed to involve the fault information mixing in vibration signals and estimate the fault time. In the second step, a parameterized time-frequency analysis method is utilized to extract the instantaneous rotational frequency of the ball screw system. Once the fault time and instantaneous rotational frequency are estimated, the fault location in a ball screw system is calculated through an integral operation. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, two fault location experiments under the constant and varying speed conditions are conducted in a ball screw failure simulation testbed. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to accurately detect the faults in a ball screw system and estimate the fault location within an error of 22%.

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28

Yang, Hanbo, Gedong Jiang, Zheng Sun, Zhuoni Zhang, Fei Zhao, Tao Tao, and Xuesong Mei. "Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Ball Screw Using Precision Indicator." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 70 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3087803.

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29

Zhao, Jiajia, Mingxing Lin, Xianchun Song, Hongkui Jiang, and Xiaojian Wu. "Investigation on the Precision Loss of Ball Screw Considering the Full Ball Load Distribution." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 422 (November 8, 2018): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/422/1/012021.

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30

Kuznetsov, A. P. "Non-Stationary Temperature Behavior of Spindle Assemblies and Ball Screw Gears for High Precision Metal Cutting Machines." EPJ Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 04020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124804020.

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Typical temperature and thermoelastic models of structures of spindle units and ball screw systems of metal-cutting machines were considered. The features of determining the geometric and thermophysical parameters of these models were described in some detail. Both analytical and numerical solutions for estimating time-dependent temperatures are presented. The solutions were obtained for thermoelastic displacements of spindles and ball screw systems for various boundary conditions and limitations of deformations during heating due to the design of these elements of metal-cutting machines.

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31

Du, Zhe, Xiao-Lan Zhang, and Tao Tao. "Study of the Dynamic Characteristics of Ball Screw with a Load Disturbance." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8208241.

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The dynamic character of ball screw is the key factor that influences the machining accuracy of numerical control (NC) machine tool. To improve the dynamic characteristics of the NC machine tool, it is necessary to study the dynamic characteristics of a ball screw. In this paper, the kinematics of a ball screw mechanism (BSM) are studied to expound the dynamic process of the drive, and the load disturbance is considered to analyze the contact deformation based on the Hertzian contact theory. The velocity relationships among the ball, screw, and nut are analyzed, and the influence of the contact deformation on the dynamic characteristics is simulated and investigated experimentally. The results show that the relationships between the contact deformation, which is affected by the material characteristics, the contact angle, and the load of nut are nonlinear. The contact deformation is a factor that cannot be ignored when considering the dynamic machining error of high-speed and high-precision machine tools.

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32

Ma, Xue Feng, Chao Hao, and Fu Qiang Li. "Measurement and Control Device of Preloaded Ball Screw Drive." Key Engineering Materials 486 (July 2011): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.486.73.

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The deviation often appears in the feeding device of machine because of the screw spindle geometry torsional moment and the wear. The automatic compensation of the changes was proposed by means of a ball screw pretightening device by using adjustable force measurement and control. The detail design and simulation were conducted for the specific device. A case study was presented for the CNC lathe’s application. Testing results have shown that the device can be easily operated with an acceptable precision for positioning.

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Huang, Lu Lang, Ke She Wang, and Chu Liang Zha. "Study on Ball Screw Accuracy Reliability under Radial Force." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 1037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.1037.

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The accuracy reliability problems have long been studied. In order to research ball screw’s accuracy reliability under radical force, some work have done. By using mechanical vibration theory, the dynamic response equation of the beams under external excitation has been derived out. Then by using Matlab, the dynamic response of screw rod under working circumstance is studied, and the dynamic response equation is obtained. At last some calculation examples have given. Results showed that screw’s polar moment of inertia section errors have decisive influences on precision and reliability. By using vibration theory and second moment theory, a new meathod have been proposed in evaluating the ball screw accuracy reliability. Key Words: Screw Transmission; Dynamic Response; Accuracy and Reliability

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Zhao, Leilei, Hutian Feng, and Jun Jin. "A modified ball screw lapping method and optimized lapping factors for ideal surface quality." Mechanical Sciences 9, no. 2 (July 17, 2018): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-9-221-2018.

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Abstract. In order to meet the high precision requirement in various mechanical applications, ball screws are being lapped as a finishing process to improve the travel variation and surface quality. However, the existing manufacturing method is labor intensive. It depends on an operator's skill and experience and is very complex, time consuming with low production efficiency. The aim of this study is finding a modified lapping method to improve the lapping effect, increase efficiency and change the present labor-intensive situation. In addition, the effects of main lapping factors on the surface quality of a ball screw will be investigated, such as friction torque, rotational speed, abrasive particulate size and lapping time. A new lapping tool was installed on a specially designed friction torque test machine, which can control the rotation of a screw and monitor the friction torque applied on the screw dynamically. A set of orthogonal experiments were conducted on the test machine and the travel variation, surface roughness and residual stress of tested screws were measured after lapping. The measurement results of these three parameters were used to evaluate the lapping effect. Compared with the conventional lapping method, the lapping time of the present method was remarkably shorter, with only tens of minutes to get a good lapping result.

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Chen, C. L., M. J. Jang, and K. C. Lin. "Modeling and high-precision control of a ball-screw-driven stage." Precision Engineering 28, no. 4 (October 2004): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2004.03.001.

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FENG, HuTian, LeiLei ZHAO, and Cong DING. "Analysis of the precision performance of a ball screw after lapping." SCIENTIA SINICA Technologica 50, no. 2 (August 23, 2019): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/sst-2019-0165.

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Otsuka, Jiro, and Sadaji Hayama. "Special Issue on Precision and Ultraprecision Positioning." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 3 (May 5, 2009): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0223.

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I have been the chairman of the technical committee of ultraprecision positioning at the Japan Society of Precision Engineers (JSPE) from 1993 to 1997. In November 2008, the 3rd International Conference on Positioning Technology (ICPT) was held in Shizuoka, Japan. After the conference I together with Dr. Sadaji Hayama, an adviser of the journal editorial board, asked by mail the most significant presenters and members of the technical committee of ultraprecision positioning if they are willing to contribute their papers for this special issue. As a result, we received more than 20 manuscripts, among which 2 development reports, 2 reviews, and 14 papers have been selected for publication in this journal. The contents of these papers relate mainly to the nano/subnanometer positioning technology, new control methods for ultraprecision positioning, guide way for precision positioning, positioning for ultraprecision machining, new hard disk drive method, etc. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the authors for their interesting papers on this issue and I also would like to deeply thank all the reviewers and editors for their invaluable effort.1. Demarcation Between Precision Positioning and Ultraprecision Positioning The Technical Committee of Ultraprecision Positioning (TCUP) has had a poll on Ultraprecision and Ultraprecision technology to the randomly selected members of Japan Society for Precision Engineers (JSPE) every four years since 1986 [1]. Results indicate that most respondents felt that the maximum allowable positioning error and image resolution was 1 µm for precision positioning and 10 nm for ultraprecision positioning. After 2004, most respondents appeared to view 0.1 nm as the demarcation line between the precision positioning and ultraprecision positioning.2. Know-How for Achieving Ultraprecision Positioning The champion device in ultraprecision positioning is always the stages of demagnification exposure devices for semiconductors. The exposure method using stages have advanced from 1980s steppers shown in Fig. 1(a) to today's scanning stages with the increasement of LSI capacity in achieving higher processing as shown in Fig. 1(b). The stepper consists of X and Y stages.The XY stages in the 1980s consisted of a DC servomotor, either a ball or sliding screw plus a linear guide way consisting of either rollers or a slide guide. Current scanning type consists of a linear motor and pneumatic hydrostatic guide way (Fig. 1(b)). Reticle and wafer stages travel in opposite directions and the relative positioning error is about 1 nm.Ultraprecision positioning of sub-µm accuracy is now achieved either by an AC servomotor and a ball screw or by using a linear motor. subsection2.1. Achieving high positioning resolution and accuracy with less than 0.1 µm generally depends on three factors: newpage(1) Displacement sensors for feed-back(2) Mechanical structure(3) Control, including software Ultraprecision positioning is possible only when these three factors are well coordinated.(1) Displacement Sensors Ultra-precision positioning requires high-performance displacement sensors. About 10 sensor manufacturers in Japan alone currently achieve resolution under 1 nm [3]. To achieve higher resolution, laser interferometers must operate in thermostatic chambers controlling or monitoring temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure. Great effort is required to minimize or eliminate air turbulence and inhomogeneous atmosphere temperatures in the laser beam path. To achieve nm level resolution, operations must be conducted in a vacuum.Linear encoders, although somewhat less accurate than laser interferometers, are used in over 50% for ultraprecision positioning devices in Japan and their market share continues to grow, according to the 2006 TCUP poll. Analog sensor performance in detecting microscopic displacement is steadily improved. The technical level of precision positioning device is often assessed by how the designer considers Abbe's principle.(2) Mechanical Structure Overall structural rigidity should be maximized to ensure monolithic construction. Semiconductor aligners used in exposure are made from ceramics with a high specific rigidity, i.e., the quotient of Young's modulus divided by specific gravity.1990s arguments pitting linear actuators against ball screws subsided as their specific advantages and domains of preferred use became established. Linear guide ways using steel balls or rollers are becoming cheaper, and their accuracy and other aspects of performance are improving.When stage movement is reversed, friction generated by preloads as nonlinear spring behavior which is caused by elastic deformation of balls and race ways over the moving stroke of several tens of µm, stage vibration is easy to generate. Another disadvantage, called waving, occurs when the table moves up and down at the sub-µm level perpendicular to the stage travel direction at twice the spacing of the roller separation. It is found out that waving is minimized by crowning roller guide race way. Error due to waving is reduced to less than one tenth of the original error margin [4]. Nonlinear spring behavior is minimized by modifying control method of the positioning device. For longitudinal travel, pneumatic-hydrostatic devices virtually unaffected by friction are an alternative but are prohibitively expensive.(3) Control, Including Software In precision positioning, control devices and systems have advanced significantly in the last two decades [5], changing from analog to digital with higher sampling frequency. Current digital control enables devices to be operated in conceptually the same way as analog control. TCUP respondents [1] stated that 70% of positioning devices in Japan still depend on conventional control, PID control, with innovative contemporary control theory, fuzzy control, and neural nets, etc. yet to be fully implemented.2.2. Higher Positioning Speed Higher positioning speed is required, as well as higher positioning accuracy. In scanning Fig. 1(b), maximum stage speed exceeds 2 m/s second and maximum acceleration ranges from 3G to 5G. The corresponding speed and acceleration of the wafer stage is one fourth of these values. At such high acceleration, reaction dampers are used to prevent vibration [2].About ten years ago, the maximum velocities of positioning stages tended to be limited by the speed of the displacement sensor for feed-back, however at present, it is possible to operate at the range of speed mentioned above. Note that the velocity exceeding 2 m/s is possible even with ball-screw, but noise and microvibration remain a problem.3. Nanometer and Subnanometer Positioning [3, 5-7, 10] We are pursuing the convergence of the positioning resolution to the fullest extent of the resolution of the displacement sensor for the feed-back. Bulletins [3, 6] have carried reports on experiments attaining resolution for positioning with maximum error below 0.1 nm. We introduce cases of positioning device development at nm and sub-nm resolution using both ball screw [7] and linear motor drives [8]. I would like to introduce a commercialized ball screw drive production of 1 nm resolution [7].3.1. Combination of Ball-Screw and Stepping Motors [7] The positioning devices have the resolution respectively at 1 nm and 5 nm (the lengths of travelling strokes for the stage are 20 m and 50 mm respectively). Both compensate for the rolling frictions between the ball screw and the roller guide way and for the nonlinear spring behavior at the micro-displacement range through the control of the stepping motors at high, medium and low ranges of speeds. As the dimension of detector of the displacement sensor is very small, we can make the positioning devices smaller. So, it is very strong to external disturbances.3.2. New type of Linear Motor Drive [8] The latest new type of linear actuators, generally referred to as tunnel actuators (TAs) used in ultraprecision positioning devices with a stage stroke of 200 nm (Fig. 2) are free from magnetic attractive force between stator magnets and armatures, generating less heat and having other advantages over conventional linear motors with cores.In experiments using a displacement sensor to adjust feed-back with 0.034 nm resolution and a maximum velocity of 400 mm/s, we use ball guide ways to reduce cost and still achieved a positioning resolution of 0.2 nm (Fig. 3) [8]. Experiments confirmed that, to achieve more higher resolution, electric current linear amplifiers are 10 times more effective than PWM as the current amplifier.4. Conclusions We have discussed how nanometer- and sub-nm level positioning resolution and accuracy became possible, greatly contributing to advances in nanotechnology. Nanometer and subnanometer positioning resolution are currently verified by signals from displacement sensors for feed-back. Considering changes in the positioning of stages, however, such positioning and resolution should be verified by using displacement sensors which are more accurate.If possible, verification on the resolution and accuracy must be done using a laser interferometer in a vacuum in a temperature-controlled chamber. We feel that positioning resolution should be indicated by signals directly received from sensors without low pass filter.

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Haung, Yi, and Chin Chung Wei. "The Study of Thermal Raising and Transmission Torque of High Speed Ball-Screw Lubricated by Different Greases." Key Engineering Materials 642 (April 2015): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.642.212.

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Ball screw is a high-precision and high performance linear drive of mechanical elements. The frictional heat of internal components what is very significant impact for platform transmission in high speed and the high axial load and causes the thermal expansion of element. In this research , the influence of different greases on ball screw is investigated in thermal rising of nut and driving torque in high speed and high axial load. A vertical motion platform was used for driving performance test. Thermal rising of nut of ball screw and the variance of transmission torque whose lubricated by high viscosity base oil grease is significant larger than the lower one. High viscosity grease is not easy to carry out the friction heat generated at ball and raceway contact area due to the bad flowing properties. It also has more serious wear occurred at contact area and high friction force, whose causes the large variance of transmission torque.

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Lin, Chih Jer, Shen Kai Yu, Bo Yen Ho, and Chin Sheng Chen. "Identification on Nonlinear Friction Model and Tracking Control for a Ball-Screw Actuated Stage Using Modified Charge System Search." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.423.

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High precise positioning and high-speed performance are demanded for servo mechanical systems in recent industry. However, the nonlinear friction is a main factor to make the positioning mechanism imprecision. To improve the positioning the positioning precision of stages driven by ball-screws, there are two types of compensations including model and non-model based methods. In this study, the LuGre friction Model is applied to model the nonlinear friction behavior for a ball-screw driven stage. A Modified Charge Search System (MCSS) was proposed to identify the system’s parameter. After the system’s parameters are obtained, a feed-forward control integrated with a disturbance observer is proposed to eliminate the external disturbance and improve its tracking performance.

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Yu, Hanwen, Xianying Feng, and Qun Sun. "Kinematic analysis and simulation of a new type of differential micro-feed mechanism with friction." Science Progress 103, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 003685041987566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850419875667.

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This article presents a new micro-feed mechanism, whose main transmission component is the nut–rotary ball screw pair. The screw and nut are driven by two motors, and they rotate in the same direction, with their movements enabling micro-feeding. The main contribution of the micro-feed mechanism is to avoid the inevitable low-speed nonlinear creeping phenomenon caused by the inherent properties of traditional electromechanical servo system structure, thus realizing high precision micro-feed. In this study, the motion state of the working ball is analyzed using the principle of differential geometry, the friction at the contact points is calculated, the balance equation for force and moment is established, the influences of the screw and nut on the kinematic parameters of the ball at different velocities and the differences in the motion states of the ball in different drive modes are studied, and the mechanical efficiency of the dual-driven ball screw mechanism is calculated. The potential applications of the new micro-feed mechanism and the results of numerical analysis can be applied to advanced technology fields such as robotics, suspensions, powertrain, national defense, integrated electronics, optoelectronics, medicine, and genetic engineering, so that the new system can have a lower stable speed limit and achieve precise micro-feed control.

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Niranjan, Prabha, Shashikantha Karinka, and KVSSSS Sairam. "Development of Precision Positioning Stage." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 18, no. 01 (February 13, 2019): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686719500057.

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The growing demand for positioning accuracy in machines with high speed plays an important role in achieving high productivity gain. A system that is capable to achieve both coarse (macro) and fine (micro) positioning finds a variety of applications in precision positioning. In the proposed work, a macro positioning stage is developed with a ball screw actuator and a micro positioning stage is developed with an additional gear reduction unit. The coarse and fine positioning with friction compensation is achieved and the steady state error is minimized. The developed system is controlled using a programmable logic controller and operated with human machine interface.

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Yau, Her-Terng, and Jun-Juh Yan. "Adaptive sliding mode control of a high-precision ball-screw-driven stage." Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications 10, no. 3 (June 2009): 1480–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nonrwa.2008.01.025.

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Ro, Paul I., and Peter I. Hubbel. "Nonlinear micro-dynamic behavior of a ball-screw driven precision slide system." Precision Engineering 14, no. 4 (October 1992): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-6359(92)90020-w.

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Kowal, Zbigniew, Taeweon Gim, and Jerzy Jedrzejewski. "Precision of prestressed ball screw thermal behaviour in machine tool operating conditions." International Journal of Nanomanufacturing 1, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnm.2019.10017383.

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Kowal, Zbigniew, Jerzy Jedrzejewski, and Taeweon Gim. "Precision of prestressed ball screw thermal behaviour in machine tool operating conditions." International Journal of Nanomanufacturing 16, no. 1 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnm.2020.104478.

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Zhu, Hongzhong, and Hiroshi Fujimoto. "Mechanical Deformation Analysis and High-Precision Control for Ball-Screw-Driven Stages." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 20, no. 2 (April 2015): 956–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2014.2337933.

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Qi, Bao-bao, Qiang Cheng, Shun-lei Li, Zhi-feng Liu, and Cong-bin Yang. "Precision loss of ball screw mechanism under sliding-rolling mixed motion behavior." Journal of Central South University 28, no. 5 (May 2021): 1357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-020-4537-1.

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Yang, Hanbo, Gedong Jiang, Zheng Sun, Zhuoni Zhang, Fei Zhao, Tao Tao, and Xuesong Mei. "Erratum to “Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Ball Screw Using Precision Indicator”." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 70 (2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3099188.

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Oh, Kwang-Je, Lei Cao, and Sung-Chong Chung. "Explicit modeling and investigation of friction torques in double-nut ball screws for the precision design of ball screw feed drives." Tribology International 141 (January 2020): 105841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2019.105841.

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Nozaki, Takashi, and Jiro Otsuka. "Reduction of Thermal Deformation in a Motor Precision Positioning Device Cooled by Peltier Elements." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 5 (September 5, 2013): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0544.

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In a precision positioning device, positioning errors due to thermal deformation arise from heat generated by the motor and by friction between the ball screw and the nut. However, their proportional contributions to thermal deformation are not clear. In this study, thermal deformation was reduced by cooling the motor with Peltier elements, which had a beneficial effect on the precision of the positioning device.

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