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Journal articles on the topic 'Precocious puberty'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 March 2023

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1

Begum, Poly, Dipti Rani Saha, and Md Kamrul Hassan. "Precocious Puberty A Case Report." Bangladesh Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 30, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v30i2.30906.

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The parents of a 04-year-old girl bring her to a Gynaecologist because of breast development, appearance of pubic hair and periodic per vaginal bleeding. Her medical history is unremarkable. The parents are of average height, and the mother reports first menstruating when she was 11 years old. At physical examination, the girl is 100 cm tall , weighs 17 kg, and has a bodymass index of 17. Her pubertal development is classified as Tanner stage 3 breast development and Tanner stage 2 pubic hair development. She was diagnosed as a case of precocious puberity. Appearance of secondary sexual development before the age of 9 in a male child and before the age of 8 in a female child is called precocious puberty. When the cause of precocious puberty is premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, it is called central or complete precocious puberty and she was a case of central precocious puberty. After proper consult she was treated by GnRHa suppressor of pituitary till 11 years of age.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(2) : 109-112

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2

Sultana, Nusrat, Faria Afsana, Nazma Akhtar, Yasmin Aktar, Mohammad Feroz Amin, Sharmin Chowdhury, Shah Md Emran, et al. "Precocious puberty: diagnosis and management." BIRDEM Medical Journal 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v12i1.57228.

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Precocious puberty is commonly defined as puberty that starts before age 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. The causes of it may range from a variant of normal development to various pathologic conditions. The etiology of precocious puberty is classified by the underlying pathogenesis into gonadotropin dependent central precocious puberty and peripheral precocious puberty which is independent of gonadotropin but due to different other causes. Variants of precocious puberty include premature thelarche, premature puberche and isolated premature menarche which imply onset of isolated changes without any other signs of sexual development. Precocious puberty might have an impact on final stature owing to premature epiphyseal fusion and also it has got influence on psychosocial wellbeing. Evaluation includes a detailed history, physical examination, biochemical testing and imaging directed towards suspected etiology. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues are effective for treatment of central precocious puberty. Treatment of peripheral precocious puberty should be based on the specific cause. Pubertal variants are usually non-progressive and need no treatment but should be monitored carefully. BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(1): 62-69

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3

P., Pallavee, and Rupal Samal. "Precocious puberty: a clinical review." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180853.

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Precocious puberty is defined as pubertal development occurring more than 2.5 standard deviations earlier than the average age. It may comprise of central or gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty and peripheral or gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty. Variants of precocious puberty include premature thelarche, premature pubarche and isolated premature menarche which principally implies onset of menstruation without any other signs of sexual development. Precocious puberty may have long-term consequences including short stature later on in adulthood owing to premature epiphyseal fusion as also psychosocial problems. Evaluation includes a detailed history, physical examination, biochemical tests and imaging directed towards detecting the cause. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) analogues are effective for treatment of central precocious puberty. Treatment of peripheral precocious puberty should be based on the cause. Isolated variants are usually normal but should be closely monitored. Multi-speciality consultation with involvement of pediatricians and enocrinologists may improve treatment outcomes in these children, who otherwise pose significant challenges to the gynaecologist.

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4

Muir, Andrew. "Precocious Puberty." Pediatrics in Review 27, no. 10 (September 29, 2006): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.27-10-373.

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5

Long, D. "Precocious Puberty." Pediatrics in Review 36, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.36-7-319.

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6

Pescovitz, O. H. "Precocious Puberty." Pediatrics in Review 11, no. 8 (February 1, 1990): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.11-8-229.

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7

Root, A. W. "Precocious Puberty." Pediatrics in Review 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.21-1-10.

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8

Finlay, Fiona, and Rosemary Jones. "Precocious Puberty." Pediatrics 106, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): 162.3–163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.106.1.162-b.

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9

Root, Allen W. "Precocious Puberty." Pediatrics In Review 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.21.1.10.

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10

Pescovitz, Ora Hirsch. "Precocious Puberty." Pediatrics In Review 11, no. 8 (February 1, 1990): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.11.8.229.

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The child with premature sexual development requires a thorough history, physical, and appropriate laboratory evaluation. The physician and other medical staff should remain sensitive to the family's concerns and the child's emotional adaptation. Counseling and open discussion of the psychosocial and sexual issues may greatly assist both the child and family. Making the correct diagnosis is critical to the selection of the appropriate form of therapy. Fortunately, in most cases in which therapy is warranted, it is extremely effective. In the remaining conditions, promising new forms of therapy are being investigated.

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11

Long, Dominique. "Precocious Puberty." Pediatrics In Review 36, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.36.7.319.

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12

Muir, Andrew. "Precocious Puberty." Pediatrics In Review 27, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.27.10.373.

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13

Khadilkar, Vaman, and Nikhil Shah. "Precocious Puberty." Bombay Hospital Journal 62, no. 1 (2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15713/ins.bhj.05.

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14

Frazier, Aletta Ann. "Precocious Puberty." RadioGraphics 32, no. 7 (November 2012): 2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.327125195.

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15

Kulin, Howard E. "Precocious Puberty." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 30, no. 3 (September 1987): 714–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-198709000-00026.

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16

Ott, Mary Jane, and Patricia Ludder Jackson. "Precocious Puberty." Nurse Practitioner 14, no. 11 (November 1989): 21???34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-198911000-00007.

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17

Carel, Jean-Claude, and Juliane Léger. "Precocious Puberty." New England Journal of Medicine 358, no. 22 (May 29, 2008): 2366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmcp0800459.

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18

Karthikeyan, Ambika, and J. C. Agwu. "Precocious Puberty." Clinical Pediatrics 47, no. 7 (April 25, 2008): 718–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922808315220.

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19

Mostafa, Taymour. "Precocious puberty." Human Andrology 6, no. 2 (June 2016): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.xha.0000473646.90564.16.

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20

Bath, L. E., D. C. Brown, and C. J. H. Kelnar. "Precocious puberty." Current Paediatrics 9, no. 4 (December 1999): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/cupe.1999.0061.

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21

Neely, E. Kirk, and Stephanie S. Crossen. "Precocious puberty." Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 26, no. 5 (October 2014): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gco.0000000000000099.

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22

Eugster, Erica A., and Mark R. Palmert. "Precocious Puberty." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): E1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.91.9.9997.

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23

Alaniz, Veronica, Patricia Huguelet, and Stephen Scott. "Precocious Puberty." Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology 33, no. 23 (December 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pgo.0000439089.84809.94.

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24

&NA;. "Precocious Puberty." Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology 33, no. 23 (December 2013): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pgo.0000439090.84809.42.

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25

Milne, Cathy. "Precocious puberty." New Scientist 191, no. 2564 (August 2006): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(06)60215-7.

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26

Castiglia, Patricia T. "Precocious puberty." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 5, no. 5 (September 1991): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-5245(91)90082-2.

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27

Colaco, Prisca. "Precocious puberty." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 64, no. 2 (March 1997): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02752439.

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28

Dixon, J. R., and S. F. Ahmed. "Precocious puberty." Paediatrics and Child Health 17, no. 9 (September 2007): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paed.2007.06.009.

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29

Brook, C. G. D. "Precocious puberty." Clinical Endocrinology 42, no. 6 (June 1995): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02693.x.

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30

Brown, Donald C., Heather F. Stirling, and Christopher J. H. Kelnar. "Precocious puberty." Current Paediatrics 4, no. 3 (September 1994): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-5839(94)90048-5.

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31

Binu, Jeffy, and Sonia Raichel Thomas. "A cross sectional study on the precocious puberty among girls in the age group of 11-15 years, in two schools in Kollam." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 5 (April 24, 2017): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171771.

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Background: Puberty is the period during which human development progresses, from the first pubertal sign to full sexual maturation. Precocious puberty is a common problem affecting up to 29 per 100 000 girls per year. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of precocious puberty among school going girls and to find out relation with various risk factors.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted by enrolling 250 school going girls by selecting one school each from urban and rural setup. Prevalence of precocious puberty was expressed in percentage and Chi square test was applied to check association. P value for statistical significance was fixed at P<0.05.Results: The prevalence of precocious puberty was found to be 10.4%. In urban it was found to be 12.35% and in rural it was 8.43%. Girls whose fathers have primary education are risky to have precocious puberty (P<0.049). Those students who take fish occasionally, that is once or thrice in a week were more prone to have precocious puberty (P<0.000). Prevalence of Precocious puberty is more in rural area when compared to urban area. Parents, especially fathers who were less educated should take of care of their daughter’s health by not giving them dried and junk foods. It is better to take fish daily, rather than once or thrice in a week, occasional consumption of fish is found to be a reason for precocious puberty.Conclusions: Prevalence of Precocious puberty was 10.4%. Fathers of the girls, who are not well educated and occasional fish consumption of girls was found to be the significant reason for Precocious puberty.

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32

Kasongo, Laura, Patricia Forget, and Ramona Corina Nicolescu. "Coincidental Central Precocious Puberty and Wilms Tumor in a 5-Year-Old Girl." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2019 (September 8, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5427207.

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Wilms tumor is the most frequent pediatric renal malignancy, and its usual presentation is an abdominal mass or hematuria. Unusual presentations have also been reported, such as paraneoplastic syndromes (acquired von Willebrand disease, sudden death due to pulmonary embolism, and Cushing syndrome). These conditions can precede, occur concomitantly, or present in a later phase of tumor development. Precocious puberty, as paraneoplastic endocrine syndrome, has already been described in children with malignant tumors (brain, gonadal, adrenal tumors, and hepatoblastoma). However, little is known about central precocious puberty, as paraneoplastic manifestation of nephroblastoma or secondary to its specific chemotherapy. Here, we report a case of Wilms tumor and simultaneous precocious puberty in a 5-year-old girl. The initial diagnosis was premature telarche, but the clinical and biological pubertal progression changed our diagnosis to idiopathic central precocious puberty. Chemotherapy and nephrectomy were well tolerated, and we began treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist which showed favorable outcomes over the short term. We highlight the need for early diagnosis and work-up in all patients of precocious puberty, in order to institute timely management.

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33

Albright, A. Leland, and Peter A. Lee. "Neurosurgical treatment of hypothalamic hamartomas causing precocious puberty." Journal of Neurosurgery 78, no. 1 (January 1993): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.78.1.0077.

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✓ Five children, three girls and two boys, were treated for precocious puberty secondary to hypothalamic hamartoma by resection of the hamartoma. The patients' ages at onset of pubertal development ranged from 6 to 19 months. The hamartomas ranged in size from 6 to 10 mm; four were pedunculated, one was sessile, and all were located below the tuber cinereum. The hamartomas were excised via a right subtemporal approach, with transection at the inferior surface of the hypothalamus; two were adherent posteriorly to the basilar artery and brain stem, and the adhesions were divided. Postoperatively, three children exhibited a transient oculomotor paresis and one other child required eye-muscle surgery. The symptoms and signs of precocious puberty completely regressed postoperatively in all patients. Preoperative hormone assays of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone were within the pubertal range in all five children; postoperative assays fell to prepubertal levels. The children have been followed for 0.5 to 10.5 years (mean 5.0 years) postoperatively, without evidence of recurrence of precocious puberty. One child has begun spontaneous puberty at a normal age. It is concluded that complete resection of hypothalamic hamartomas causing precocious puberty is curative.

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34

Lee, Hae Sang. "Genetic etiologies of central precocious puberty." Precision and Future Medicine 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23838/pfm.2021.00107.

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Pubertal onset is a complex process, which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as obesity and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In addition, the timing of normal puberty varies between individuals and is a highly polygenic trait with both rare and common variants. Central precocious puberty (CPP) is defined as the early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Genetic factors are suggested to account for 50% to 80% of the variation in puberty initiation, as indicated by the greater concordance of pubertal timing observed in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins. Although genetic factors play a crucial role in CPP development, only few associated genes have been identified. To date, four monogenic genes have been identified: KISS1, KISS1R, MKRN3, and DLK1. Moreover, mutation prevalence in these genes varies considerably depending on the ethnicity of patients with CPP. This article reviews the current knowledge on the normal pubertal timing and physiology and discusses the CPP-causing genes.

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35

Lasmi, Anjely Doni, Dhila Thasliyah, and Ratih Fitriati. "MANIFESTASI KLINIS, DIAGNOSIS, DAN TATALAKSANA PUBERTAS PREKOKS." Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Media Husada 11, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33475/jikmh.v11i1.287.

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The purpose of preparing this article is to understand more deeply about precocious puberty. The method used is a literature study from various sources, such as: 1) journal reviews, 2). scientific writing articles. Selection of journals and articles focused on precocious puberty, while reviews of articles and journals were carried out in the last 10 years from 2010-2020. Precocious puberty is defined as a condition in girls aged less than 8 years and boys aged less than 9 years who experience secondary sexual development, both physical and hormonal signs. Precocious puberty is classified into central precocious puberty and peripheral precocious puberty, both of which occur based on the etiology of the underlying condition or disease. Treatment can be given differently, in central precocious puberty can be given GnRH agonist therapy, and in peripheral precocious puberty can be treated to eliminate the source of sex steroids.

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36

Lasmi, Anjely Doni, Dhila Thasliyah, and Ratih Fitriati. "MANIFESTASI KLINIS, DIAGNOSIS, DAN TATALAKSANA PUBERTAS PREKOKS." Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Media Husada 11, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33475/jikmh.v11i1.287.

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The purpose of preparing this article is to understand more deeply about precocious puberty. The method used is a literature study from various sources, such as: 1) journal reviews, 2). scientific writing articles. Selection of journals and articles focused on precocious puberty, while reviews of articles and journals were carried out in the last 10 years from 2010-2020. Precocious puberty is defined as a condition in girls aged less than 8 years and boys aged less than 9 years who experience secondary sexual development, both physical and hormonal signs. Precocious puberty is classified into central precocious puberty and peripheral precocious puberty, both of which occur based on the etiology of the underlying condition or disease. Treatment can be given differently, in central precocious puberty can be given GnRH agonist therapy, and in peripheral precocious puberty can be treated to eliminate the source of sex steroids.

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37

Madi, Lee Rima, Naama Fisch Shvalb, Chen Sade Zaltz, and Yael Levy-Shraga. "Central precocious puberty after resection of a virilising adrenocortical oncocytic tumour." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 5 (May 2021): e239562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-239562.

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Adrenocortical oncocytic tumours are a histological subtype of adrenal neoplasms with a distinctive morphological appearance. Since these tumours are composed of cells of the adrenal cortex, they may act as functional tumours with excess hormone production. They may cause Cushing’s syndrome, inappropriate virilisation or precocious puberty. Though rare during childhood, adrenocortical oncocytic tumours should be suspected in a child with peripheral precocious puberty and marked elevation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. We describe a 6-year girl who presented with peripheral precocious puberty due to a functional adrenocortical oncocytic tumour. Three months after tumour removal, she developed true central precocious puberty. This report highlights that peripheral precocious puberty may trigger central precocious puberty, particularly after resolution of the underlying cause of the peripheral precocious puberty.

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38

Antoniazzi, Franco, and Giorgio Zamboni. "Central Precocious Puberty." Pediatric Drugs 6, no. 4 (2004): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00148581-200406040-00002.

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39

Lee, Peter A. "CENTRAL PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY." Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 28, no. 4 (December 1999): 901–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70108-0.

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40

Davies, S. L., and M. A. Moral. "Peripheral precocious puberty." Drugs of the Future 31, no. 8 (2006): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.2006.031.08.1009736.

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41

RUVALCABA, R. H. A. "isosexual Precocious Puberty." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 139, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1985.02140140013008.

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42

Oluwayemi, I. O., A. A. Afolabi, E. O. Adeniji, and T. O. Ayeni. "Precocious puberty in a 24 month old Nigerian girl: case report." Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics 47, no. 4 (August 28, 2020): 358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njp.v47i4.10.

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Precocious puberty refers to the appearance of signs of puberty at an earlier age than is considered normal. It occurs ten times more commonly in girls than in boys. The overall incidence ranged from 1/5000 to 1/10,000 children. The cause is idiopathic in 90% of cases of female precocious puberty. We present BA a 24 month old female toddler who presented with one year history of progressive breast development and 6 month history of pubic hair growth. There was associated increasing weight, height and vaginal secretion. There was no similar occurrence in the family. Mother attained menarche at 14 years of age. Essential finding at presentation revealed a toddler who is heavy and tall for age with a weight of 17kg (>95th percentile for age and sex), height of 90.5cm (90th percentile for age and sex), Occipito-frontal circumference of 49cm (normal). Her sexual maturityrating was Tanner stage 3 for breasts and stage 2 for pubic hair. An assessment of precocious puberty was made. Her investigation result showed an advanced bone age of 5 years; elevated serum gonadotrophins in the pubertal range; and essentially normal cranial CT. Abdomino-pelvic USS showed an enlarged uterus for age, and a dominant right follicle with internal echo measuring 17.1mm X 15.2mm. Parents were counseled on the need for treatment to arrest the progression of precocious puberty but yet to respond because of financial constraint after 2 years of diagnosis. Female precocious puberty is ten times more common than male precocious puberty. The aetiology is idiopathic in 90% of cases and It is amenable to treatment. Integration of the investigation and treatment of childhood endocrine disorders into the National Health Insurance scheme will be a great panacea to the challenge of prompt management in developing countries. Keywords: Precocious, puberty, 24 months old, female, idiopathic, poverty, Nigeria

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Al Kadaoui, Nihal, Samah Amhager, Zineb Imane, and Yamna Krioul. "PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY AND PREMATURE THELARCHE IN GIRLS:." EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science 4, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v4i3.46.

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Introduction: Early puberty is a pathology known by the appearance of clinical signs of puberty before the age of 8 years for girls and 9 years for boys. In 90% of the cases, it’s a Central Precocious Puberty. It could be peripheral too. The precocious puberty etiologies are variable but it’s idiopathic in 90% of cases Materials and Methods: retrospective descriptive study of three cases of precocious puberty admitted in pediatric endocrinology department (Pediatric II) in the Children’s Hospital of Rabat during 2018. The main elements studied were: the age, the sex, clinical symptoms of PP, hormonal tests, mammary and pelvic ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging of the hypothalamic pituitary axis, diagnosis elements, treatment and evolution. Results: 3 girls aged respectively three, four and nine years old admitted for precocious puberty. The clinical examination finds a breast development and a pubic hair in a patient. Tanner stage at S3P1 in 2 patients and S3P2 in 1 patient. Pelvic ultrasound showed a pubertal uterus in two patients and prepubertal in one patient. The Decapeptyl test was performed in all 3 patients. The diagnosis of thelarche prematurity was made in one patient and the diagnosis of idiopathic central precocious puberty was made in the two other patients treated with Decapeptyl. Conclusion: Early puberty is defined by the age of early onset of sexual characteristics that brings the paradox to a large size during childhood and a small adult size

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Monai, Elena, Anders Johansen, Erik Clasen-Linde, Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts, Niels Erik Skakkebæk, Katharina M. Main, Anne Jørgensen, and Rikke Beck Jensen. "CENTRAL PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY IN TWO BOYS WITH PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME ON GROWTH HORMONE TREATMENT." AACE Clinical Case Reports 5, no. 6 (November 2019): e352-e356. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/accr-2019-0245.

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Objective: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic neuroendocrine disorder characterized by hypotonia, obesity, short stature, and mental retardation. Incomplete or delayed pubertal development as well as premature adrenarche are usually found in PWS, whereas central precocious puberty is rarely seen. Methods: This study reports the clinical, biochemical, and histologic findings in 2 boys with PWS who developed central precocious puberty. Results: Both boys were started on growth hormone therapy during the first years of life according to the PWS indication. They had both bilateral cryptorchidism at birth and had orchidopexy in early childhood. Retrospective histologic analysis of testicular biopsies demonstrated largely normal tissue architecture and germ cell maturation, but severely decreased number of prespermatogonia in one of the patients. Both boys had premature adrenarche around the age of 6. Precocious puberty was diagnosed in both boys with enlargement of testicular volume (>3 mL), signs of virilization and a pubertal response to a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test and they were both treated with GnRH analog. Conclusion: The cases described here displayed typical characteristics for PWS, a considerable heterogeneity of the hypothalamic-pituitary function, as well as testicular histology. Central precocious puberty is extremely rare in PWS boys, but growth hormone treatment may play a role in the pubertal timing.

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45

Begum, Poly, Dipti Rani Saha, and Md Kamrul Hassan. "A 4-Year-Old Girl with Precocious Puberty." Journal of Enam Medical College 6, no. 3 (October 20, 2016): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v6i3.29684.

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Appearance of secondary sexual development before the age of nine in a male child and before the age of eight in a female child is called precocious puberty. Precocious puberty due to premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is called central or complete precocious puberty. Incomplete precocious puberty is called if ectopic gonadotrophin secretion occurs in boys or autonomous sex steroid secretion occurs in either sex. Here we report a case of a 4-year-old girl brought to a gynecologist by her parents because of breast development, pubic hair and periodic per vaginal bleeding. Her medical history was unremarkable. The parents were of average height, and the mother reported first menstruation when she was 11 years. At physical examination, the girl was 100 cm tall, weighed 17 kg, and had a body mass index of 17. Her pubertal development is classified as Tanner stage 3 breast development and Tanner stage 2 pubic hair development.J Enam Med Col 2016; 6(3): 161-163

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Ahmed, Tasnima, Fauzia Mohsin, Nasreen Islam, Juben Nahar, Shahida Akhter, and Kishwar Azad. "Aetiology of Percociuos Puberty in Patients Presenting to A Tertiary Care Hospital." Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 41, no. 3 (June 10, 2018): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v41i3.36948.

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Background: Precocious puberty is a common paediatric endocrine disorder seen in clinical practice. This study was carried out to find out the aetiology of precocious puberty in children presenting in a tertiary care hospital.Methodology: This cross sectional study was done at paediatric endocrine outpatient department at BIRDEM General Hospital from July 2005 to June 2015. The clinical data as well as laboratory findings were collected from consecutive patients who presented for evaluation of precocious puberty.Result: Seventy one patients presented with precocious puberty during this study period. There was female preponderance (71.8%). The mean age at presentation of girls and boys were 4.8±2.1 years and 6.63±1.4 years respectively. Among the 51 girls who presented with precocious puberty 22(43.1%) had central precocious puberty (CPP), 5(9.8%) had peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) and 24(47%) had incomplete precocious puberty (IPP). Among the 22 girls with CPP 19(86.3%) were idiopathic & 3(13.6%) girls were hypothyroid. Among the 5 girls with PPP, 3(60%) had congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) & 2(40%) had adrenal adenoma. In case of incomplete precious puberty among 24 girls, 20 (83.3%) had premature thelarche, 1(4.1%) had premature menarche & 3 (12.5%) had premature adrenarche. In 20 boys with precocious puberty, 7(35%) had CPP. Among them 3(42.8%) boys had hypothalamic hamartoma, 1(14.2%) boy had craniopharyngioma and other 3(42.8%) boys had idiopathic CPP. PPP was present in 11(55%) boys. Among them 8(72.7%) patient had CAH, 2(18.1%) had adrenal adenoma and 1(9.0%) had hepatoblastoma. Premature adrenarche was present in 2(10%) boys.Conclusions: Precocious puberty was more commonly found among girls as compared to boys. Central precocious puberty was more common among girls and majority were idiopathic. Among boy precocious pseudopuberty was more common and CAH was the commonest cause. Majority of boy with central precocious puberty had organic brain lesion.Bangladesh J Child Health 2017; VOL 41 (3) :143-146

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Fuqua, John S., and Erica A. Eugster. "History of Puberty: Normal and Precocious." Hormone Research in Paediatrics 95, no. 6 (2022): 568–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000526464.

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Spanning from bench to bedside, the history of normal and precocious puberty is characterized by a series of remarkable advances that have illuminated reproductive physiology and profoundly impacted clinical care. Early recognition of the hypothalamic and pituitary control of ovarian and testicular function led to the identification of GnRH as the key driver of pubertal onset. Decades later, discovery of the kisspeptin system further refined our understanding of human reproductive neuroendocrinology. Development of long-acting analogs of GnRH revolutionized the treatment of precocious puberty worldwide and ushered in the current era of an ever-expanding therapeutic armamentarium. Identification of monogenic etiologies of precocious puberty has further illustrated the exquisite complexity that comprises neurosecretory modulation of the hypothalamic GnRH neuron and may well lead to exciting novel targeted therapies.

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Oliveira Neto, Clariano Pires de, Rossana Santiago de Sousa Azulay, Ana Gregória Ferreira Pereira de Almeida, Maria da Glória Rodrigues Tavares, Luciana Helena Gama Vaz, Ianik Rafaela Lima Leal, Monica Elinor Alves Gama, et al. "Differences in Puberty of Girls before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 4733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084733.

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In the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in consultations for precocious puberty. We aim to analyze differences in female puberty before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional analytical study was designed at the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão in São Luis, Brazil. We included 55 girls with precocious puberty, 22 who started puberty during the pandemic and 33 who started puberty before the pandemic. Clinical, anthropometric, laboratory and imaging variables were compared between groups. Statistics were performed to determine if there was a statistical difference between the groups. Girls with puberty during the pandemic had higher Z-scores for weight (1.08 ± 1.29 versus 0.69 ± 0.83; p = 0.04), lower ovarian volume (1.88 ± 0.95 versus 3.15 ± 2.31; p = 0.01), and smaller differences between thelarche noticed by the parents and the diagnosis (6.63 ± 5.21 versus 12.15 ± 9.96; p = 0.02). The association between precocious puberty during the pandemic with higher Z-scores for weight, lower ovarian volume, and a reduction in the time between the perception of pubertal findings by parents and the diagnosis suggests the influence of the pandemic on the normal time of puberty.

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Marshall-Andon, Tess. "Disorders of puberty." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 10, no. 1 (November 10, 2016): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738016676286.

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Disorders of puberty are relatively common problems that affect young people and include precocious puberty and delayed puberty. The disorders of puberty may go unrecognised, as the signs and symptoms may be subtle, and the patient may be embarrassed to bring concerns to the attention of the GP. They are not only a source of significant emotional distress for young people, but also can also lead to long-term adverse consequences, such as failure to achieve target height. Disorders of puberty may also be a sign of a serious underlying condition, which if promptly diagnosed may be treatable. Therefore, early recognition of such disorders by GPs is vital for both the psychological and physical health of the patient. This article aims to give an overview of normal pubertal development, as well as the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of both precocious and delayed puberty.

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Manotas, María Carolina, Daniel Mauricio González, Camila Céspedes, Catalina Forero, and Adriana Patricia Rojas Moreno. "Genetic and Epigenetic Control of Puberty." Sexual Development 16, no. 1 (October 14, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519039.

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Puberty is a complex transitional phase in which reproductive capacity is achieved. There is a very wide variation in the age range of the onset of puberty, which follows a familial, ethnic, and sex pattern. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and several genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors play an important role in the onset of and throughout puberty. Recently, there has been significant progress in identifying factors that affect normal pubertal timing. Different studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect pubertal timing in both sexes and across ethnic groups. Single genes are implicated in both precocious and delayed puberty, and epigenetic mechanisms have been suggested to affect the development and function of the GnRH neuronal network and responsiveness of end organs. All these factors can influence normal puberty timing, precocious puberty, and delayed puberty. The objective of this review is to describe recent findings related to the genetic and epigenetic control of puberty and highlight the need to deepen the knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of this process in the normal and abnormal context.

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