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Journal articles on the topic 'Preconditions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 June 2025

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1

D'HONDT, ELLIE, and PRAKASH PANANGADEN. "Quantum weakest preconditions." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 16, no. 3 (2006): 429–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129506005251.

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We develop a notion of predicate transformer and, in particular, the weakest precondition, appropriate for quantum computation. We show that there is a Stone-type duality between the usual state-transformer semantics and the weakest precondition semantics. Rather than trying to reduce quantum computation to probabilistic programming, we develop a notion that is directly taken from concepts used in quantum computation. The proof that weakest preconditions exist for completely positive maps follows immediately from the Kraus representation theorem. As an example, we give the semantics of Selinger's language in terms of our weakest preconditions. We also cover some specific situations and exhibit an interesting link with stabilisers.

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Menguy, Grégoire, Sébastien Bardin, Arnaud Gotlieb, and Nadjib Lazaar. "A Query-Based Constraint Acquisition Approach for Enhanced Precision in Program Precondition Inference." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 82 (February 16, 2025): 901–36. https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.16206.

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Program annotations in the form of function pre/postconditions play a crucial role in various software engineering and program verification tasks. However, the frequent unavailability of these annotations necessitates manual retrofitting. This paper shows how constraint acquisition, a learning framework derived from constraint programming and version space learning, can be extended for automatically inferring program preconditions. Our approach performs this inference in a black-box manner through automatic query generation and input-output observations of program executions. We introduce PreCA, the first-ever precondition inference framework leveraging query-based constraint acquisition. Notably, we specialize PreCA to handle memory-related preconditions on binary code, which pose significant challenges in data and information management systems. In contrast to prior black-box techniques, PreCA provides well-defined guarantees. Specifically, it employs a sound and complete method to generate preconditions consistent with all the observed input-output relationships of the program. Furthermore, empirical evaluations on our benchmark demonstrate that PreCA outperforms the results of state-of-the-art approaches, delivering comparable or superior results in 5s, as opposed to the 1-hour runtime of existing approaches on identical machines. We also present two successful use cases from the standard libc and the mbedtls cryptographic library. PreCA notably infers for the former one a more precise precondition than specified in the documentation.

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Bungau, Alexa Florina, Delia Mirela Tit, Simona Gabriela Bungau, et al. "Exploring the Metabolic and Endocrine Preconditioning Associated with Thyroid Disorders: Risk Assessment and Association with Acne Severity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 2 (2024): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020721.

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Metabolic preconditioning, characterized by conditions like obesity and insulin resistance syndrome, disrupts hormonal balance. Elevated androgen levels stimulate excessive sebum production and follicular cell proliferation, leading to acne lesions. Similarly, thyroid hormone imbalances affect sebaceous gland activity, epidermal lipid composition, and skin cell turnover, impacting acne occurrence and severity. This study aimed to assess the potential contribution of metabolic and endocrine preconditions to acne development. A total of 389 patients diagnosed with acne were included and divided into three groups: the metabolic precondition group (MPG, N = 163, 41.9%), the endocrine precondition group (EPG, N = 162, 41.65%), and the control group (CG, N = 89, 22.88%). Data related to the degree of acne severity and comorbidities of interest were collected from the patients’ medical records. In the groups with concomitant diseases, moderate and severe acne were significantly more prevalent (56.44% and 41.10% in MPG, and 35.80% and 61.11% in EPG) compared to the control group (5.61% and 4.89%). The most prevalent preconditions observed were insulin resistance syndrome in MPG (63.8%) and autoimmune thyroiditis in EPG (95.06%). Significant age-related differences in acne severity were found across all study groups (p < 0.05). In MPG, the age variable was significantly higher in the presence of mild acne, while in EPG, the age variable was significantly lower for the mild acne group. A positive association was observed between the severity of acne and insulin resistance syndrome, obesity, autoimmune thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism (p < 0.05). Risk analysis indicated a significantly higher risk (RR > 1, 95% CI RR > 1, p < 0.001) of developing moderate and severe acne in the presence of these preconditions. The presence of both metabolic and endocrine preconditions significantly increased the likelihood of developing severe acne, leading to the hypothesis that both conditions may be contributing factors to the development of acne.

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Hu, Ze-Jun, Ting-Zhu Huang, and Ning-Bo Tan. "A SPLITTING PRECONDITIONER FOR THE INCOMPRESSIBLE NAVIER–STOKES EQUATIONS." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 18, no. 5 (2013): 612–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13926292.2013.868839.

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In this paper, a splitting preconditioner based on the relaxed dimensional factorization (RDF) preconditioner and the modified augmented Lagrangian (MAL) preconditioner for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is presented. The preconditioned matrix is analyzed, and similar results arising from the RDF and the MAL preconditioners are obtained. The corresponding details of the spectrum analysis are given. Finally, we compare the three preconditioners and numerical experiments are implemented by using the IFISS package.

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5

Wilson, John. "Preconditions of philosophy." Cogito 3, no. 3 (1989): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/cogito19893322.

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Leino, K. Rustan M. "Efficient weakest preconditions." Information Processing Letters 93, no. 6 (2005): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2004.10.015.

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7

Hu, Zixiang, Shi Zhang, Yun Zhang, Huamin Zhou, and Dequn Li. "An efficient preconditioned Krylov subspace method for large-scale finite element equations with MPC using Lagrange multiplier method." Engineering Computations 31, no. 7 (2014): 1169–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-03-2013-0077.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose an efficient iterative method for large-scale finite element equations of bad numerical stability arising from deformation analysis with multi-point constraint using Lagrange multiplier method. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, taking warpage analysis of polymer injection molding based on surface model as an example, the performance of several popular Krylov subspace methods, including conjugate gradient, BiCGSTAB and generalized minimal residual (GMRES), with diffident Incomplete LU (ILU)-type preconditions is investigated and compared. For controlling memory usage, GMRES(m) is also considered. And the ordering technique, commonly used in the direct method, is introduced into the presented iterative method to improve the preconditioner. Findings – It is found that the proposed preconditioned GMRES method is robust and effective for solving problems considered in this paper, and approximate minimum degree (AMD) ordering is most beneficial for the reduction of fill-ins in the ILU preconditioner and acceleration of the convergence, especially for relatively accurate ILU-type preconditioning. And because of concerns about memory usage, GMRES(m) is a good choice if necessary. Originality/value – In this paper, for overcoming difficulties of bad numerical stability resulting from Lagrange multiplier method, together with increasing scale of problems in engineering applications and limited hardware conditions of computer, a stable and efficient preconditioned iterative method is proposed for practical purpose. Before the preconditioning, AMD reordering, commonly used in the direct method, is introduced to improve the preconditioner. The numerical experiments show the good performance of the proposed iterative method for practical cases, which is implemented in in-house and commercial codes on PC.

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8

Bhattacharyya, Som Sekhar, and Aakash Malik. "Development of an integrated canvas on turnaround strategy." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 28, no. 2 (2019): 523–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-02-2019-1646.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding regarding corporate turnaround. An integrated discussion regarding different corporate failure factors, conditions, symptoms followed by turnaround strategies and its results have been provided. Design/methodology/approach Authors have done a comprehensive systematic and integrated literature review study of research articles on corporate turnaround. The paper reviewed discussed different dimensions of turnaround management. The authors applied thematic reductionist categorisation with logical arguments to develop an integrated turnaround canvas (ICT). Findings An ICT has been developed. ICT is a holistic framework to comprehend turnaround strategy. Impact of precondition and turnaround levers on cash flow dynamics and the operational and strategic levers for successful turnaround performance of the firm has also been presented. Authors have also tabulated the entire spectrum of corporate turnaround. Research limitations/implications This conceptual work would help researchers interested in turnaround research to anchor their study at different points in ICT canvas. This could be at the decline precondition stage, corporate failure state, turnaround levers (strategic and operational) application phase and in terms of turnaround performance. Practical implications The ICT canvas would help managers to identify the set of corporate failure preconditions which might lead their firm to decline phase. The ICT canvas would also help managers based upon the identification of decline preconditions to select an appropriate turnaround interventions required to arrest the corporate failure. Finally, the ICT canvas would help in identifying the operational and strategic levers for successful turnaround implementation and thus achieving the desired corporate performance. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to provide an integrated perspective on corporate turnaround as the developed ICT canvas consisted of identification of decline preconditions, corporate failure, turnaround levers (strategic and operational ) and turnaround performance.

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Zhou, G., A. J. Forbes, and N. Foster. "Analysis of preconditioned glass fibre reinforced composite sandwich I-beams in bending." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 216, no. 2 (2002): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146442070221600209.

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The flexural mechanical behaviour of various composite sandwich I-beams has been investigated under quasi-static loading. Both intact and preconditioned I-beam specimens were examined. The intact I-beams had two different support spans. The preconditions included central voids and remote debonds, both embedded at the flange-web intersections, whereas remote, barely visible impact damage (BVID) was introduced on the flange surfaces. It was found that the behaviour of the present I-beams was nearly linear until ultimate failure approached, and that the load-bearing capability exceeded the design requirement, irrespective of the preconditions. The flexural rigidity of the intact I-beams calculated by using the lamination theory compared well with the experimental value. The analytical predictions for maximum deflections and maximum tensile strains were in reasonably good agreement with the respective experimental measurements. It was found that neither the central voids nor the remote debonds or BVID had a significant effect on the flexural behaviour. The process of structural failure was extremely complex and was affected to a greater extent by the relatively low mechanical properties of the polymethacrylimide (PMC) foam core. It was shown that foam compression and local web skin wrinkling were the major failure mechanisms, irrespective of the preconditions.

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Sehic, Vehid. "The preconditions for reconciliation." Temida 5, no. 4 (2002): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0204051s.

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In this paper preconditions for reconciliation on the territory of the former Yugoslavia, primarily in BiH, are explored. In addition, ideas about the ways for starting and leading process of truth and reconciliation are examined as well.

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11

Ebrahim, Alnoor. "Institutional Preconditions to Collaboration." Administration & Society 36, no. 2 (2004): 208–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399704263481.

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12

Lanneau, Régis. "PRECONDITIONS TO REGULATORY COMPETITION." GNLU Journal of Law & Economics 4, no. 1 (2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.69893/gjle.2021.000036.

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Regulatory competition is often believed to be a hard fact of the post globalization era. Legal systems must be economically “attractive” – and thus law makers must work to achieve this purpose. However, this view – as simple and seductive as it is – is not sound. Indeed, a quick analysis of the preconditions to regulatory competition will show that far from being a brutal reality, it is quite reduced, even in the context of the European Union. This article has two purposes. The first one is theoretical: what are the conditions required to enter regulatory competition in the real life? This question will lead to a new “understanding” of regulatory competition’s problematics. For example, it will be made clear that the doing business approach is largely flawed. Indirectly this question will also lead to an inquiry into the interconnections that exist between legal system and the necessity to think about a new model (like coopetition). The second one is more practical. To what extent should law makers be focused on the attractiveness of their own legal system? Clearly, they will have to pay attention to this dimension, but their freedom in choosing a rule is wider than it seems under the regulatory competition’s approach. Frequently paying attention only to the internal efficiency of their system is sufficient.

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13

Ovize, M., R. A. Kloner, and K. Przyklenk. "Stretch preconditions canine myocardium." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 266, no. 1 (1994): H137—H146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.1.h137.

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Preconditioning is believed to be directly triggered by brief ischemia-reperfusion. However, brief ischemia results in transient dilation (or stretching) of the heart. We therefore sought to determine whether stretch per se, induced by rapid volume overload instead of brief coronary occlusion, could precondition the heart via stretch-activated ion channels. Forty-two anesthetized dogs underwent 1 h of coronary artery occlusion followed by 4.5 h of reperfusion. Before this, each dog underwent either no intervention (control) or acute volume overload. In three additional groups, Gd3+, a potent blocker of stretch-activated channels was injected as a bolus into the left atrium of each dog at the onset of the treatment period. Then the dogs underwent either acute volume overload, a 5-min episode of coronary occlusion followed by 10 min of reperfusion, or no intervention. Myocardial stretch significantly reduced infarct size after a subsequent 60-min ischemic insult. Protection afforded by stretch was completely prevented by Gd3+. Reduction in infarct size afforded by ischemic preconditioning was partially reversed by Gd3+. Gd3+ per se did not, however, alter the extent of necrosis. The present study suggests that myocardial stretch per se can precondition the canine heart, probably by activation of stretch-activated ion channels.

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14

de V. Cluver, A. D. "Preconditions for language unification." South African Journal of Linguistics 12, sup20 (1994): 168–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10118063.1994.9723953.

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15

Geoghegan, Vincent. "The preconditions of socialism." History of European Ideas 22, no. 2 (1996): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-6599(96)90051-0.

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Gielerak, Roman, and Marek Sawerwain. "Generalised quantum weakest preconditions." Quantum Information Processing 9, no. 4 (2009): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11128-009-0151-8.

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17

Aguirre, Alejandro, and Shin-ya Katsumata. "Weakest Preconditions in Fibrations." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 352 (October 2020): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2020.09.002.

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18

Lukkien, Johan J., and Jan L. A. van de Snepscheut. "Weakest preconditions for progress." Formal Aspects of Computing 4, no. 2 (1992): 195–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01212336.

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19

DAVIS, ERNEST. "Knowledge Preconditions for Plans." Journal of Logic and Computation 4, no. 5 (1994): 721–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/4.5.721.

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20

Wilson, John. "Preconditions for educational research." Educational Research 40, no. 2 (1998): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0013188980400204.

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21

Lee, Chung Seop, and Jin Sup Jung. "Preconditions of Innovative Firms." Journal of CEO and Management Studies 23, no. 1 (2020): 453–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37674/ceoms.23.1.24.

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Montgomery, John D. "Preconditions to environmental policy." International Journal of Human Resource Management 2, no. 1 (1991): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585199100000048.

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23

Fitton, Ben. "Positions, Missions and Preconditions." Third Text 16, no. 4 (2002): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0952882031000077657.

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Ali Meerza, Syed Imran. "Do Preconditions of Inflation Targeting Framework Matter?" International Journal of Economics and Finance 12, no. 5 (2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v12n5p51.

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The main feature of inflation targeting (IT) framework is the public announcement by the central bank that it will keep inflation at a numerical inflation target. A large literature addresses preconditions that a country should satisfy before adopting IT. However, there is much debate about whether satisfying these preconditions are essential. This study addresses this debate. Empirical results indicate that the fulfillment of preconditions before IT adoption ensures effective implementation of IT in the short-run. However, countries that met all preconditions before IT adoption do not have an advantage over countries that didn&rsquo;t meet all preconditions before IT adoption in the long-run.

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Kang, Suhyun, Jungwon Park, Wonseok Lee, and Wonjong Rhee. "Task-Specific Preconditioner for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 17 (2025): 17760–69. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i17.33953.

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Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning (CDFSL) methods typically parameterize models with task-agnostic and task-specific parameters. To adapt task-specific parameters, recent approaches have utilized fixed optimization strategies, despite their potential sub-optimality across varying domains or target tasks. To address this issue, we propose a novel adaptation mechanism called Task-Specific Preconditioned gradient descent (TSP). Our method first meta-learns Domain-Specific Preconditioners (DSPs) that capture the characteristics of each meta-training domain, which are then linearly combined using task-coefficients to form the Task-Specific Preconditioner. The preconditioner is applied to gradient descent, making the optimization adaptive to the target task. We constrain our preconditioners to be positive definite, guiding the preconditioned gradient toward the direction of steepest descent. Empirical evaluations on the Meta-Dataset show that TSP achieves state-of-the-art performance across diverse experimental scenarios.

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Morohin, Wiktor, and Aleksandrs Rubanovskis. "Directionality of Education – Balanced Education and Integration of Educational Systems in the National Economy." Equilibrium 8, no. 2 (2013): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2013.016.

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The quality of the workforce is a precondition for economic growth of a society. One of the main indicators of these preconditions is education. The effectiveness of economies of developed countries is based on the high quality of knowledge. As a resutl the quality and balanced education determines the rating of a state in the world and serves as a driving force of national economic development. The aim of the article is to identify opportunities that will allow integrating the balanced education in the educational systems of the national economy.

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Juščius, Vytautas, Rasa Viederytė, Eglė Laurišonienė, and Maciej Sniegowski. "Formation of Lithuanian manufacturing industry clustering economic preconditions." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 2 (2020): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.13.

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The main Lithuanian manufacturing industry clustering preconditions are related to productivity, innovation, and export development. In this research paper, it was found that the strength of cooperative relationships among cluster members, more favorable opportunities to access, and use of infrastructure of business and professional human resources are the major factors to form the preconditions chosen for developing a research model. Four hypotheses have been formulated, which aim to confirm or deny the formation of clustering economic preconditions for productivity, innovation, and export development. Along with the exploratory study, the arisen hypotheses verified that improvement of infrastructure of business and professional human resources and easier access to it for companies have a positive impact on export development. Two other factors – the strength of cooperative relationships and the infrastructure of human resources – are not significant. Cooperation and partnership processes remain undeveloped, as high-quality and full-value formation of the economic preconditions for productivity, innovation, and export development is not ensured properly.

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Daujotienė, Laima, Aušra Kazlauskienė, and Remigijus Bubnys. "Teacher Involvement in Organisational Change: From Engaging Risk to Cooperative Learning." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (2020): 9447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229447.

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The present research aims at analysing the result of how preconditions, teacher reactions, action strategies, and intervening conditions of teacher involvement in the organisational changes manifest. A particular school which had recently implemented changes was chosen for the investigation. The research is based on application of the strategy of the grounded theory. A semi-structured interview was chosen to collect the data. Grounding on the analysis of the research data, the development paths of the teacher involvement in the organisational changes manifesting at the personal and organisational levels were disclosed. The research reveals that the teacher involvement in the changes is determined by various preconditions: boredom, self-assessment, positive encouragement, support, negative reaction of others. Each precondition for the involvement in the changes creates conditions for the manifestation of different teacher reactions and action strategies. The intervening conditions (continuous changes, changing of personal attitudes and organisational culture) acting during the involvement in the changes were revealed in the course of the research. While analysing the process of the teacher involvement in the changes, the result of this process was revealed: from engaging risk to cooperative learning.

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Hower, Kira Isabel, Vera Vennedey, Hendrik Ansgar Hillen, et al. "Is Organizational Communication Climate a Precondition for Patient-Centered Care? Insights from a Key Informant Survey of Various Health and Social Care Organizations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (2020): 8074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218074.

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Health and social care organizations are under pressure of organizing care around patients’ needs and preferences while complying with regulatory frameworks and constraint resources. To implement patient-centered care in health and social care organizations successfully, particular organizational preconditions need to be considered. Findings on the implementation of patient-centered care and its preconditions are rare and insufficiently account for the organizational context to explain differences. This study examines the implementation status of patient-centered care in diverse health and social care organizations and analyzes the communication climate as a precondition of successful implementation. In a cross-sectional postal key informant survey, decision makers in the highest leading positions from six different types of health and social care organizations in Cologne, Germany, were surveyed using a paper–pencil questionnaire. Patient-centered care implementation was operationalized by three categories (principles, activities, and enablers) including 15 dimensions. Organizational communication climate was operationalized by aspects of open and constructive communication, cooperation, and inclusion. Out of 1790 contacted organizations, 237 participated. In the analyses, 215 complete datasets were included. Descriptive analyses, Kruskal–Wallis test, post hoc pair-wise test, and linear regression modeling were performed. Results show that the implementation status of patient-centered care was perceived as high but differed between the various types of organizations and in terms of patient-centered care categories. Organizational communication climate was significantly associated with the implementation of patient-centered care. Especially in organizations with a higher number of employees, strategies to create a positive communication climate are needed to create a precondition for patient-centered care.

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Kaniowski, Andrzej Maciej. "Communicative Rationality and Its Preconditions." Dialogue and Universalism 30, no. 2 (2020): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du202030219.

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The idea of rational understanding lays very close to the heart of Professor Janusz Kuczyński, an advocate of universalism as well as dialogue between diverse philosophical schools and worldviews, and doctoral advisor to the present paper’s author. This idea’s theoretical conceptualisation—a conceptualisation that has proven to be convincing and adequate to the conditions of the modern world—was developed by Professor Jürgen Habermas, whose ideas and theories were also the subject of a doctoral thesis written by this paper’s author in the latter half of the 1970s under Professor Kuczyński’s tutelage. The author shares some grateful memories of his doctoral tutor, and also sets his one-time attempts to apply the theory of communicative action to two experiences of the real socialism era in Poland (the events of 1980/1981 and 1989) against his efforts to analyse contemporary Polish realities through the prism of the communicative rationality conception. This comparison shows that the application of a conception of rationality funded by communicative action to the turbulent transformations under real socialism was to a certain extent naïve—though not devoid of critical significance—and also reveals the preconditions (in the sphere of understanding oneself and the world) for the implementation of the rules of communicative rationality in social and political reality.The paper is in part dedicated to the memory of Professor Kuczyński, therefore it contains a somewhat extensive account of the circumstances which led the author to study the thought of Habermas under Kuczyński’s tutelage, as well as the consequences of this choice, which proved of considerable significance for his further life. However, the main themes are, first, the validity (and naivety) of applying a conception of rationality funded by communicative action to two significant experiences of the real socialism era, and, secondly, the need—revealed by diagnosing contemporary Polish reality with the help of the communicative rationality conception—for certain preconditions enabling the implementation of this type of rationality in social and political reality. One such precondition is the transition of sufficiently broad parts of society from thinking in terms of worldviews (Weltaunschauungen) to post-metaphysical thinking in terms of the “lifeworld” (Lebenswelt).

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HAVRYLIUK, L. V. "LEGISLATIVE PRECONDITIONS FOR INTEGRITY CHECKS." Law and Society, no. 3 (2022): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32842/2078-3736/2022.3.22.

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Pukhta, Iryna. "COGNITIVE PRECONDITIONS OF “POST-TRUTH”." Visnyk of the Lviv University Series Philosophical Sciences, no. 29 (2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/phs.2022.29.2.

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Warnick, Bryan R. "The Preconditions for Pandemic Pedagogy." Philosophy of Education 77, no. 2 (2021): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47925/77.2.137.

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Kondratieva, Natalia. "EU-EAEU: preconditions for dialogue." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 1, no. 3 (2018): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran320188185.

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Atwood, David. "Preconditions of the Post-Theoretical." Bulletin for the Study of Religion 46, no. 1 (2017): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsor.31102.

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Pellicani, L. "Preconditions for Soviet Economic Development." Telos 1990, no. 84 (1990): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3817/0690084043.

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Besenyő, János. "Security preconditions: understanding migratory routes." Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues 6, no. 1 (2016): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2016611.

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Chirmade, S. R. "Administrative Preconditions for Nation Building." Indian Journal of Public Administration 34, no. 2 (1988): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119880212.

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Ganz, David. "The Preconditions for Caroline Minuscule." Viator 18 (January 1987): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.viator.2.301384.

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Matioli, G. T., and E. Krol. "Topologic preconditions for ring chromatids." Medical Hypotheses 53, no. 1 (1999): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/mehy.1997.0699.

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Darya Garmonenko. "KHODORKOVSKY SPOTS PRECONDITIONS FOR REVOLUTION." Current Digest of the Russian Press, The 71, no. 032 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/dsp.54534315.

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Hänninen, Kai, Tuomo Kinnunen, Harri Haapasalo, and Matti Muhos. "Rapid productisation: challenges and preconditions." International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management 6, no. 3 (2013): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijplm.2013.055877.

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Hofmann, Eva, Erik Hoelzl, and Erich Kirchler. "Preconditions of Voluntary Tax Compliance." Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology 216, no. 4 (2008): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409.216.4.209.

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Taxpayers’ willingness to cooperate with the state and its institutions, in general, and their willingness to pay taxes, in particular, depend on a variety of variables. While economists stress the relevance of external variables such as tax rate, income, and probability of audits and severity of fines, psychological research shows that internal variables are of similar importance. We present a comprehensive review on the relevance of citizens’ knowledge of tax law, their attitudes toward the government and taxation, personal norms, perceived social norms and fairness, as well as motivational tendencies to comply, and discuss possibilities for strategic intervention to increase tax compliance.

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Высокий and Victor Vysokiy. "Infrastructure Preconditions of Economic Activity." Economics of the Firm 2, no. 3 (2014): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2501.

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Search, preservation and change of equilibrium conditions in developing economic systems are considered. Transport analogies are drawn to prevent collision of investment interests and mechanical analogies are drawn to reach investment interests balance with the least squares method based on effect on expenses elasticity, admissible for investments in the real estate, carried out by investors with different patterns of ownership. Elasticity is considered as manifestation of the law of diminishing returns and is used to justify a share of expenses for infrastructure design in the total amount of expenses on territorial development projects. In terms of mechanistic analogies investments are likened to potential energy accumulation, while economic elasticity is likened to nonlinearity of interlocked springs elastic characteristics, and the payback period of investments is likened to the weight stretching these springs.

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Wilkins, Wendy K., and Jennie Wakefield. "Brains evolution and neurolinguistic preconditions." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 1 (1995): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00037924.

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AbstractThis target article presents a plausible evolutionary scenario for the emergence of the neural preconditions for language in the hominid lineage. In pleistocene primate lineages there was a paired evolutionary expansion of frontal and parietal neocortex (through certain well-documented adaptive changes associated with manipulative behaviors) resulting, in ancestral hominids, in an incipient Broca's region and in a configurationally unique junction of the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes of the brain (the POT). On our view, the development of the POT in our ancestors resulted in the neuroanatomical substrate consistent with the ability for representations in modality-neutral association cortex and, as a result of structure-imposing interaction with Broca's area, the hierarchically structured “conceptual structure.” Evidence from paleoneurology and comparative primate neuroanatomy is used to argue that Homo habilis (2.5–2 million years ago) was the first hominid to have the appropriate gross neuroanatomical configuration to support conceptual structure. We thus suggest that the neural preconditions for language are met in H. habilis. Finally, we advocate a theory of language acquisition that uses conceptual structure as input to the learning procedures, thus bridging the gap between it and language.

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Hurford, James R., and Simon Kirby. "Neural preconditions for proto-language." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 1 (1995): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00038036.

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AbstractRepresentation must be prior to communication in evolution. Wilkins & Wakefield's target article gives the impression that communicative pressures play a secondary role. We suggest that their evolutionary precursor is compatible with protolanguage rather than language itself. The difference between these two communicative systems should not be underestimated: only the former can be trivially reappropriated from a representational system.

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Wilkins, Wendy K., and Jennie Wakefield. "Further issues in neurolinguistic preconditions." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 4 (1996): 793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00044101.

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AbstractThis response to continuing commentary addresses brain-hand relationships in Cebus apella (as introduced in West-ergaard's commentary), the evolutionary and acquisition parallels between music and language (suggested by Lynch), and the potential behavioral linguistic consequences of the evolutionary neurobiology in Australopithecus africanus and Homo habilis (discussed by Tobias). Finally, we reiterate the importance of well informed, multidisciplinary approaches to the study of the emergence of human species-specific cognition, especially linguistic capacity.

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Friederici, Angela D., Regine Oberecker, and Jens Brauer. "Neurophysiological preconditions of syntax acquisition." Psychological Research 76, no. 2 (2011): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-011-0357-0.

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Morris, Joseph M. "Varieties of weakest liberal preconditions." Information Processing Letters 25, no. 3 (1987): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(87)90134-7.

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Davis, R. G. "Preconditions for an Ecological Aesthetic." Capitalism Nature Socialism 20, no. 3 (2009): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10455750903215803.

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