Academic literature on the topic 'Predator beetles'

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Journal articles on the topic "Predator beetles"

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Sugiura, Shinji. "Anti-predator defences of a bombardier beetle: is bombing essential for successful escape from frogs?" PeerJ 6 (November 30, 2018): e5942. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5942.

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Some animals, such as the bombardier beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachinini), have evolved chemical defences against predators. When attacked, bombardier beetles can discharge noxious chemicals at temperatures of approximately 100 °C from the tip of their abdomens, “bombing” their attackers. Although many studies to date have investigated how bombardier beetles discharge defensive chemicals against predators, relatively little research has examined how predators modify their attacks on bombardier beetles to avoid being bombed. In this study, I observed the black-spotted pond frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus (Anura: Ranidae) attacking the bombardier beetle Pheropsophus jessoensis under laboratory conditions. In Japan, Pe. nigromaculatus is a generalist predator in grasslands where the bombardier beetle frequently occurs. Almost all the frogs (92.9%) observed rejected live bombardier beetles; 67.9% stopped their attacks once their tongues touched the beetles, and 25.0% spat out the beetles immediately after taking the beetles into their mouths. No beetle bombed a frog before being taken into a frog’s mouth. All beetles taken into mouths bombed the frogs. Only 7.1% of the frogs swallowed live bombardier beetles after being bombed in the mouth. When dead beetles were provided instead, 85.7% of the frogs rejected the dead beetles, 71.4% stopped their attacks after their tongues touched the beetles, and 14.3% spat out the beetles. Only 14.3% of the frogs swallowed the dead beetles. The results suggest that the frogs tended to stop their predatory attack before receiving a bombing response from the beetles. Therefore, bombing was not essential for the beetles to successfully defend against the frogs. Using its tongue, Pe. nigromaculatus may be able to rapidly detect a deterrent chemical or physical characteristics of its potential prey Ph. jessoensis and thus avoid injury by stopping its predatory attack before the beetle bombs it.
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Bucher, Roman, Laura M. Japke, Ayse Gül Ünlü, and Florian Menzel. "Interactions of ants with native and invasive lady beetles and the role of chemical cues in intraguild interference." Chemoecology 31, no. 5 (2021): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00049-021-00354-4.

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AbstractThe predator-predator naïveté hypothesis suggests that non-native predators benefit from being unknown to native predators, resulting in reduced intraguild interference with native predators. This novelty advantage should depend on the ability of native predators to recognize cues of non-native predators. Here, we compared ant aggression and lady beetle reaction in four native and the invasive lady beetle species Harmonia axyridis. In addition, we tested whether lady beetle cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are involved in species recognition, which might explain naïveté if the invasive species has a specific CHC profile. To this end, we conducted behavioral assays confronting two native ant species with both living lady beetles and lady beetle elytra bearing or lacking CHCs of different lady beetle species. Finally, we characterized CHC profiles of the lady beetles using GC–MS. In general, the aggression of Lasius niger was more frequent than that of Myrmica rubra and L. niger aggression was more frequent towards most native lady beetle species compared to H. axyridis. The removal of CHCs from lady beetle elytra reduced aggression of both ant species. If CHCs of respective lady beetle species were added on cue-free elytra, natural strength of L. niger aggression could be restored. CHC analyses revealed a distinct cue composition for each lady beetle species. Our experiments demonstrate that the presence of chemical cues on the surface of lady beetles contribute to the strength of ant aggression against lady beetles. Reduced aggression of L. niger towards H. axyridis and reduced avoidance behavior in H. axyridis compared to the equally voracious C. septempunctata might improve the invasive lady beetle’s access to ant-tended aphids.
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Forti, Luiz Carlos, Isabela Maria Piovesan Rinaldi, Roberto da Silva Camargo, and Ricardo Toshio Fujihara. "Predatory Behavior ofCanthon virens(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): A Predator of Leafcutter Ants." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/921465.

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We present a detailed description of the predatory behavior of the beetleCanthon virensMannerheim, 1829, on the leafcutter antAttasp. We observed 51 acts of predation, which were also recorded on film and subjected to behavioral analysis.Canthon virensexhibited 28 behaviors while predating uponAttasp. queens. Adult beetles search for queens while flying in a zigzag pattern, 15 to 20 cm above the ground. After catching a queen, the predator stands on its back and starts cutting the queen cervix. Once the prey is decapitated, the predator rolls it until an insurmountable obstacle is reached. The distance from the site of predation to the obstacle can vary widely and is unpredictable. The beetle rolling the queen also buries it in a very peculiar way: first, it digs a small hole and pulls the queen inside, while another beetle is attached to the prey. The burial process takes many hours (up to 12) and may depend on the hardness of the soil and the presence of obstacles. In general, one or two beetles are found in a chamber with the queen after it is buried. They make the brood balls, which serve as food for the offspring. This study contributes to the knowledge of the predatory behavior ofCanthon virens, a predator poorly studied in Brazil and widespread in the country.
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Forrest, T. G., H. E. Farris, and R. R. Hoy. "Ultrasound acoustic startle response in scarab beetles." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 12 (1995): 2593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.12.2593.

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We discovered an auditory sense in a night-flying scarab beetle, Euetheola humilis, the first scarab to be shown to hear airborne sounds. In the field, beetles were captured beneath speakers broadcasting ultrasound that simulated bat echolocation pulses. Apparently, the beetles took evasive action from a potential bat predator and flew into the traps. Using another behavioral assay in laboratory studies, the beetles were sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 to 70 kHz at levels between 60 and 70 dB SPL. One component of the behavioral response, a head roll, was graded with stimulus intensity, and the number of potentials in electromyographic recordings from muscles involved in the roll increased as stimulus intensity increased. The response latency was about 40 ms at threshold, decreasing to about 30 ms at 20 dB above threshold. The beetle's short response latency is ideally suited for predator avoidance behavior and the frequency tuning of the response suggests that it could function in evasion from insectivorous bats. The beetle's acoustic sensitivity is remarkably similar to that of other night-flying insects showing ultrasound-induced startle and it should provide these scarab beetles with a similar advance warning of predation risk.
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Bajracharya, Sushila, Prem Bahadur Budha, and Suraj Baral. "Feeding efficiency of Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus and Propylea luteopustulata (Mulsant) against Mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)." Nepalese Journal of Zoology 7, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v7i1.56304.

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Ladybird beetles are efficient natural predators of aphids, particularly the ladybird beetles are efficient natural predators of aphids, particularly the widespread mustard pest, Lipaphis erysimi. This study compared the feeding efficiency of two adult predator ladybird beetle species Coccinella septempunctata and Propylea luteopustulata against L. erysimi in an experimental set-up for forty-nine days from 29 December 2019 to 15 February 2020. Five replicates of each beetle species were supplied with 100 aphids daily and their feeding rate was counted. Negative binomial regression analysis of these predator beetles showed that C. septempunctata consumed a significantly high number of mustard aphid individuals (29.42 ± 1.33) than P. luteopustulata (23.20 ± 1.07) at room temperature and relative humidity. Temperature and relative humidity also influenced the feeding rate of these beetles. The feeding rate of P. luteopustulata against a mustard pest aphid is described for the first time. The findings of the study will be an important aspect in the biological control of pests in Nepalese agroecosystems.
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Yang, Haibo, Jiaoyi Du, Lei Wang, et al. "Predation Risk Effects of Harmonia axyridis on the Development and Fecundity of Periphyllus koelreuteriae." Insects 16, no. 7 (2025): 695. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16070695.

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In the scenario that requires the biological control of pests using predatory enemies, predators not only prey on pests directly but also can affect the population fitness of pests through indirect non-consumptive effects (predation risk effects). However, the impact of predation risk effects varies depending on the mode of stress imposed by natural enemies and the state of the stressed pests. Herein, we exposed aphids (Periphyllus koelreuteriae) at different stages to various cues from the multicolored Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis) to assess the effects of different predation risks on P. koelreuteriae development and reproduction. We found that the effect of predation risk on aphid developmental time was clearly stage-dependent. When 1st-instar nymphs were exposed to predator cues, their developmental time was prolonged only in the early stages (1st–3rd instar nymphs). Similarly, when third-instar nymphs were stressed, only the current stage (third instar) showed a developmental delay, while fourth-instar nymphs and adult aphids were not significantly affected. Additionally, aphids at different stages perceive predation risk differently. Nymphs cannot recognize visual cues from predators, but can perceive odor cues. In contrast, adult aphids are sensitive to a variety of predator cues, including visual ones. Predation risk caused aphids to shorten their adult lifespan and reduce reproductive output, but it increased the proportion of diapause offspring. This study highlights the importance of considering how predation risk affects multiple life stages and physiological changes, which are important for gaining insights into the mechanisms of predator–prey interactions and for comprehensively assessing the ability of lady beetles to regulate aphid populations.
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Sugiura, Shinji, and Takuya Sato. "Successful escape of bombardier beetles from predator digestive systems." Biology Letters 14, no. 2 (2018): 20170647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0647.

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Some prey animals can escape from the digestive systems of predators after being swallowed. To clarify the ecological factors that determine the success of such an escape, we investigated how the bombardier beetle Pheropsophus jessoensis escapes from two toad species, Bufo japonicus and B . torrenticola , under laboratory conditions. Pheropsophus jessoensis ejects a hot chemical spray from the tip of the abdomen when it is attacked. Although all toads swallowed the bombardier beetles, 43% of the toads vomited the beetles 12–107 min after swallowing them. All the vomited beetles were still alive and active. Our experiment showed that P . jessoensis ejected hot chemicals inside the toads, thereby forcing the toads to vomit. Large beetles escaped more frequently than small beetles, and small toads vomited the beetles more frequently than large toads. Our results demonstrate the importance of the prey–predator size relationship in the successful escape of prey from inside a predator.
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Valdez, Jose W. "Predaceous diving beetles (Coleoptera : Dytiscidae) may affect the success of amphibian conservation efforts." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 6 (2018): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo19039.

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The role of invertebrate predation in shaping vertebrate communities is often overlooked. This is evident with predaceous diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), which are often the top predator in many aquatic freshwater habitats. During weekly monitoring of a reintroduction for an endangered frog, a group of a dozen adult diving beetles were encountered attacking and quickly dismembering and consuming a tadpole. A single adult diving beetle was also discovered burrowing its head inside and consuming a tadpole approximately 3–4 times its size by seemingly piercing its prey to suck out its liquefied remains. This is in contrast with the well known behaviour of adult dytiscids, which involves tearing prey into small pieces with their chewing mouthparts. Although dytiscids are known to occasionally consume vertebrates such as tadpoles, adults are typically considered scavengers, and this communal predatory behaviour and feeding method have not previously been documented. Moreover, over 80% of the tadpoles in the monitored site were found in ponds with no beetles and despite representing only a quarter of all ponds, half of the tadpoles across the landscape were in ponds free of diving beetles, demonstrating a possible influence of diving beetles on tadpoles. These observations may have implications for amphibian conservation since management efforts are not typically concerned with naturally occurring ubiquitous threats such as those from small invertebrate predators, as it has rarely been observed in nature. Although amphibian conservation plans expect some losses from natural predation, diving beetles may affect conservation efforts such as captive breeding and reintroductions with populations where every individual is critical to success.
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Ekbom, Barbara, Anna-Karin Kuusk, Gerard Malsher, Sandra Åström, and Anna Cassel-Lundhagen. "Consumption of flea beetles (Phyllotreta, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) by spiders in field habitats detected by molecular analysis." Canadian Entomologist 146, no. 6 (2014): 639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2014.14.

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AbstractFlea beetles, Phyllotreta Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) species, are often found in oilseed rape (OSR), Brassica napus Linnaeus (Brassicaceae). Among predators in the generalist predator complex present in agricultural fields, wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) are found on the ground and cobweb spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) build webs in the foliage. We present group-specific primers developed for five flea beetle species within the genus Phyllotreta and study the incidence of predation of flea beetles by these spider groups using DNA-based gut-content analysis. Wolf spiders of the genus Pardosa Koch and the cobweb spider, Phylloneta impressa (Koch), were collected in three winter OSR fields. Flea beetle densities as well as the occurrence of predators and alternative prey were monitored. In total 19.4% of the collected Pardosa tested positive for flea beetle DNA in the polymerase chain reaction analyses, whereas 10% P. impressa were positive. Pardosa were more likely to be positive for flea beetle DNA when Pardosa activity density was low. Phylloneta impressa were more likely to be positive for flea beetle DNA if they were positive for pollen beetle DNA. Implications of these results for conservation biological control and future studies of food webs in OSR are discussed.
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Jensen, Kim, David Mayntz, Søren Toft, et al. "Optimal foraging for specific nutrients in predatory beetles." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1736 (2012): 2212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2410.

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Evolutionary theory predicts that animals should forage to maximize their fitness, which in predators is traditionally assumed equivalent to maximizing energy intake rather than balancing the intake of specific nutrients. We restricted female predatory ground beetles ( Anchomenus dorsalis ) to one of a range of diets varying in lipid and protein content, and showed that total egg production peaked at a target intake of both nutrients. Other beetles given a choice to feed from two diets differing only in protein and lipid composition selectively ingested nutrient combinations at this target intake. When restricted to nutritionally imbalanced diets, beetles balanced the over- and under-ingestion of lipid and protein around a nutrient composition that maximized egg production under those constrained circumstances. Selective foraging for specific nutrients in this predator thus maximizes its reproductive performance. Our findings have implications for predator foraging behaviour and in the structuring of ecological communities.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Predator beetles"

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Eagle, Dawn Marie. "Grouping behaviour as a defence against predation in whirligig beetles." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321178.

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Warzée, Nathalie. "Prey unpredictability and unfavourable host trees influence the spatial distribution of the polyphagous predator Thanasimus formicarius (L.), Coleoptera :Cleridae." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211012.

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Polyphagy is a very common trait among insects. In this study, we focus on a generalist bark-beetle predator, Thanasimus formicarius (L.) (Coleoptera, Cleridae), which feeds on many scolytids in spruce, pine and broad-leaf stands. It is known to respond to the pheromones of many scolytids, among which the most harmful spruce bark beetle in Europe, Ips typographus (L.). The adults attack scolytid adults and oviposit on attacked trees where their larvae feed upon immature stages of the prey. <p>However, a bottom-up process limits Thanasimus formicarius’ impact on spruce bark beetles, because in most cases the bark of spruce is too thin for sheltering pupal niches and mature larvae have to leave the trees. On pine however, pupation is quite successful and reproductive success is high. <p><p>The present work estimates the advantages (complementary prey during gaps among the phenology of pine bark beetles or due to the population fluctuations of most scolytids) and constraints (landing on unsuitable host trees for the predator’s reproduction) for T. formicarius to have a wide range of prey. <p><p>Passive barrier-trappings showed that the presence and abundance of scolytid species vary strongly from year to year. So, polyphagy in T. formicarius appears as a response to fluctuating prey supplies. <p><p>This way of foraging may lead T. formicarius towards stands not always favourable for its development (for example, spruces). <p>At the tree level, funnels and pitfall-traps caught high numbers of third-instar T. formicarius larvae walking on the bark surface of standing spruces infested by Ips typographus (respectively 365 and 70 L3s). After feeding into the whole infested part of the trunk, these larvae are obliged to migrate outside of the galleries to favourable pupation site (e.g. the base of the trees where the bark is thicker), or even to leave the trees and search for an acceptable pupation substrate in the litter. <p><p>At the landscape level, different trapping experiments showed a correlation between catches of T. formicarius and the proportion of pines around each trap. Consequently, in a metapopulation landscape pattern, pines would act as “sources” of predators, whilst spruces are “sinks”. Indeed, Thanasimus formicarius are trapped in higher numbers in mixed stands comprising pines. This observation is also corroborated in a four-year trapping experiment in the North-East of France, following the storms of December 1999. The predator/prey ratios (T. formicarius/I. typographus) were higher in stands comprising pines than in stands without pines. The first step of a method to estimate Ips typographus infestation trends thanks to the predator/prey ratios was also developed. <p><br>Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie animale<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Dohet, Loïc. "Coevolution in the specific predator-prey system Rhizophagus grandis-Dendroctonus micans: with emphasis on the predator’s oviposition kairomones and prey symbioses." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/232990.

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Rhizophagus grandis is one of the rare examples of totally specific predators: it only preys upon the bark beetle Dendroctonus micans in its native range (Europe and Asia). In the course of coevolution in such predator-prey systems, prey are selected for avoidance and resistance mechanisms against predators. Previous laboratory trials suggested that R. grandis could lay more eggs in presence of exotic prey species with an ecology similar to that of D. micans, but which could not evolve resistances against this predator, such as the North American parasitic bark beetles D. punctatus and D. valens. The specificity of the association R. grandis-D. micans is thought to depend on chemical signals (kairomones) used by the predator to find a gallery of its prey and to adjust its oviposition to the number of prey larvae available inside. However, the exact nature of the chemical signals regulating R. grandis’ oviposition is still unknown. While these signals seem specific in nature, stimulation of the predator’s oviposition by exotic prey species suggests that specificity may be constrained by geography. Unlike most bark beetles, which kill living trees or feed on dying trees, D. micans completes its development on healthy trees as a true parasite. This niche is highly defended by tree toxicants (terpenes among others) to which both D. micans and R. grandis are resistant. Insects possess their own detoxification processes, but they may also rely on symbiotic microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) to contend with the specific constraints of their niche. In comparison to other bark beetles, microbial communities of parasitic bark beetles are yet poorly known, as in the case of D. micans and D. punctatus. Apart from detoxification, insect symbionts may provide nutritional supplementation, protection against pathogens, or components of the chemical communication, which affect the hosts as well as partners of the tritrophic relationship tree-bark beetle-natural enemies. The system R. grandis-D. micans is a unique opportunity to study several aspects of this coevolution which are poorly understood to date. The objectives of this thesis were:- (1) the comparison of the oviposition performances of R. grandis on the specific prey D. micans, and on the exotic prey D. punctatus and D. valens, in order to emphasize possible prey resistance mechanisms; - (2) the identification of the chemical signals regulating R. grandis’ oviposition, and the evaluation of their role in the specificity of the association with D. micans, in presence of the exotic prey D. punctatus and D. valens; - (3) the characterization of the bacterial and fungal communities associated with non-aggressive populations of the bark beetles D. micans, D. punctatus and D. valens, and investigating how these microbial symbionts may affect bark beetle hosts in respect of their ecology as well as the tritrophic relationship tree-bark beetle-natural enemies. Our results show that R. grandis laid equivalent numbers of eggs with the native prey D. micans and with the exotic prey D. punctatus and D. valens, which could illustrate that R. grandis’ specificity is constrained by geography but which does not emphasize possible prey resistance mechanisms against the long-standing predator. We identified robust candidates to the stimulation and inhibition of R. grandis’ oviposition which should be confirmed in bioassays. Finally, we report that the bacterial and fungal communities of non-aggressive populations of D. micans, D. punctatus and D. valens are mainly composed of widespread environmental Enterobacteria and yeasts, and we discuss the various ways they may influence bark beetle hosts in respect of their life histories including the attacked trees and their natural enemies. Overall, this thesis illustrates the need to encompass all levels of complexity, from prey symbionts and semiochemicals to predators, to study systems like R. grandis-D. micans.<br>Rhizophagus grandis est un des rares exemples de prédateurs totalement spécifiques :présent en Europe et en Asie, il se nourrit exclusivement du scolyte Dendroctonus micans. Dans de telles associations, la coévolution prédateur-proie mène à la sélection de mécanismes d’évitement ou de résistance chez la proie, contre le prédateur. De précédentes observations en laboratoire ont suggéré que R. grandis pouvait pondre davantage d’œufs en présence de proies exotiques d’écologie comparable à celle de D. micans, mais qui n’auraient pu développer de résistance à l’encontre de ce prédateur, à l’instar des scolytes parasitiques nord-américains D. punctatus et D. valens. Il semble que la spécificité de l’association R. grandis-D. micans repose sur des signaux chimiques (kairomones) qui permettent au prédateur de repérer les galeries de sa proie et d’y ajuster le nombre d’œufs déposé à la quantité de larves de proies disponible. Néanmoins, on ignore encore la nature exacte des signaux régulant l’oviposition de R. grandis. Le fait que l’oviposition soit stimulée par des proies exotiques indique que la spécificité de cette association pourrait être limitée par des barrières géographiques. Contrairement à la plupart des scolytes qui tue des arbres ou s’attaque à des arbres mourants, D. micans se développe intégralement sur des arbres en bonne santé, en véritable parasite. Cette niche est fortement défendue par les composés toxiques de l’arbre (en particulier les terpènes), auxquels à la fois D. micans et R. grandis sont résistants. Certains insectes possèdent leurs propres processus de détoxification, mais ils peuvent également bénéficier de l’aide de microorganismes symbiotiques (bactéries et champignons). En comparaison avec les autres scolytes, les communautés microbiennes associées aux scolytes parasitiques est très peu documentée, comme dans le cas de D. micans et D. punctatus. En dehors de la détoxification, les symbiotes d’insectes peuvent contribuer à leur nutrition, les protéger contre des pathogènes, ou intervenir dans la communication chimique, ce qui affecte leurs hôtes comme les autres acteurs de la relation tritrophique arbre-scolyte-ennemi naturel. L’association R. grandis-D. micans est une opportunité unique d’étudier des aspects méconnus de la coévolution. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient de :- (1) comparer le nombre d’œufs pondu par R. grandis sur sa proie spécifique, D. micans, et sur les proies exotiques D. punctatus et D. valens, afin de mettre en évidence de possibles résistances ;- (2) identifier les signaux chimiques qui régulent l’oviposition de R. grandis, et évaluer leur rôle dans la spécificité de l’association avec D. micans, en présence des proies exotiques D. punctatus et D. valens ;- (3) caractériser les communautés bactérienne et fongique associées aux populations parasitiques des scolytes D. micans, D. punctatus et D. valens, et investiguer comment ces microorganismes symbiotiques peuvent influencer leurs hôtes, selon leurs contraintes écologiques, ainsi que leurs ennemis naturels et arbres-hôtes. Nos résultats révèlent une oviposition équivalente de R. grandis en présence de la proie native D. micans et des proies exotiques D. punctatus et D. valens, ce qui illustre que la spécificité de cette association pourrait être limitée par des barrières géographiques mais ne met pas en évidence de possibles résistances à l’encontre du prédateur de longue date. Nous avons identifié des candidats robustes à la stimulation et à l’inhibition de la ponte de R. grandis, et leur rôle devrait être confirmé par des bioessais. Enfin, nous rapportons que la communauté microbienne associée aux populations parasitiques des scolytes D. micans, D. punctatus et D. valens est principalement constituée d’Entérobactéries et de levures répandues, et nous discutons des différentes façons dont ces symbiotes peuvent affecter leurs hôtes et autres acteurs de la relation tritrophique arbre-scolyte-ennemi naturel, selon leurs écologies respectives. Dans son ensemble, cette thèse souligne l’importance de considérer tous les niveaux de complexité biologique, des microorganismes associés aux proies jusqu’aux prédateurs, afin d’étudier des systèmes comme R. grandis-D. micans.<br>Doctorat en Sciences<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Deroulers, Paul. "Étude des interactions trophiques entre les communautés de carabes et de graines adventices sous l'angle d'un système proie-prédateur." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS030/document.

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La flore adventice est à la base des chaînes trophiques dans les agroécosystèmes. Leur diminution dans les parcelles cultivées est une des causes de la baisse de la biodiversité. Par conséquent, des alternatives sont étudiées pour diminuer l’utilisation des herbicides dans le cadre du plan ECOPHYTO. Par exemple, la gestion de la flore adventice via les consommateurs de graines. En effet, les agroécosystèmes sont des milieux où des espèces granivores ont les capacités de consommer les graines d’adventices. Parmi les vertébrés, nous pouvons y trouver des oiseaux (alouette des champs) ainsi que des micromammifères (mulot). Parmi les invertébrés, les carabes sont identifiés comme principaux granivores dans les agroécosystèmes tempérés. L’objectif général de cette thèse est d’étudier les interactions entre carabes et graines d’adventices afin d’apporter des connaissances sur les interactions interspécifiques et d’identifier les traits physiologiques des espèces influençant la force des interactions entre les espèces. Un protocole a été établi afin de standardiser toutes les expériences et de garder comme variables uniquement l’espèce de graines et celle du carabe. Ensuite, nous avons étudié les interactions entre les graines d’adventices et les carabes selon deux axes de recherche. Le premier a permis de comparer les niveaux de consommation de la communauté de carabes sur une même espèce de graines. Nous avons pu ainsi observer que la masse corporelle des carabes n’était pas en relation avec la variation des niveaux de consommation. Mais le ratio entre la longueur des mandibules et la largeur du labrum (force mandibulaire) a un effet significatif lorsque seules les espèces consommant plus de cinq graines sont prises en compte. Pour le deuxième axe, nous avons mesuré la consommation des carabes sur 42 espèces de graines pour identifier les capacités de consommation et explorer la stratégie d’alimentation selon deux caractéristiques : la masse des graines (taille) et leur concentration lipidique. Les graines de faibles masses avec un taux lipidique élevé sont mangées en plus grand nombre. Enfin, nous avons déterminé les types de réponse fonctionnelle pour évaluer le potentiel de régulation de 4 espèces de carabes sur deux espèces de graines d’adventices. Pour chaque espèce (mâle et femelle) nous avons trouvé une réponse fonctionnelle de type II, sauf pour les femelles de P.rufipes. Cependant nos résultats doivent être interprétés avec précaution car en milieu naturel d’autres facteurs interviennent dans les interactions, telle que la présence de proies alternatives ou d’autres prédateurs. En conclusion, nous montrons que les interactions entre les graines d’adventices et les carabes sont nombreuses et complexes. Les caractéristiques physiologiques intervenant dans les interactions sont très nombreuses et très variables selon les espèces. Des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour évaluer l’intérêt agronomique des carabes dans la gestion des adventices<br>Weed flora limits crop yields therefore herbicides inputs are important in order to manage weeds. Weeds are at the bottom of the trophic pyramid in agroecosystems, and this explains partly the decrease of biodiversity. Alternatives to manage weeds are studied to reduce negative effect of herbicides on the environment in order to preserve biodiversity. For example, weeds could be managed with granivorous species. Indeed, weed seeds are the origin of the weed community, thus seed consumption could limit weed abundance in cultivated fields. In agroecosystems, several taxa are known to be granivorous such as vertebrates (birds and rodents) and invertebrates (ground beetles). Ground beetles are considered as the main granivorous taxa in agroecosystems and are abundant in temperate agroecosystems. The main goal of this PhD was to study trophic interactions between communities, weed seed and ground beetles, with a prey-predator system in order to estimate the role of ground beetles through their seed consumption in weed seeds management. First, we established a protocol with standardize steps in order to restrain variables to weed seed species at ground beetles’ species. A similar protocol has been adapted to replicate experimentation with the same individuals to measure consumption at different weed seed densities. We then studied interactions between weed seeds and ground beetles with two research axes. We first explored interspecific variation of consumption on the same weed seeds species, Viola arvensis, by ground beetles. Body mass and ratios between mandible length and labrum width had no relation with seed consumption by ground beetles. Thus, other factors were suggested to explain consumption variation such as gut symbionts of ground beetles or preferences for specific weed seed species. Secondly, we measured consumption of 42 weed seed species by four ground beetles to identify abilities in weed seed consumption for these beetles and to explore feeding strategy according to two seed characteristics, seed mass (size) and seed lipid content. Generalism degrees are different according to ground beetles’ species and seem affected by physiological characteristics in both communities. Finally, to assess the potential in weed seed management of ground beetles we determined functional response to four ground beetles on two weed seeds species. We determined type II response for all species (male and female) tested, except for females of P.rufipes. Our results should be interpreted cautiously as, under natural conditions, generalist predators meet many alternatives prey and it could influence functional response type. We showed that there are many complex interactions between weed seed and ground beetles communities, especially due to a wide range of diversity in physiological characteristics in both communities. The potential of ground beetles to regulate seeds must be more precisely explored to evaluate their agronomic interest in weed management
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Dennis, Peter. "The predatory potential of staphylinid beetles in cereals." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328729.

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Clark, M. Sean. "Generalist predators in reduced-tillage corn : predation on armyworm, habitat preferences, and a method to estimate absolute densities /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11102009-020213/.

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Boursault, Aline. "Caractérisation des relations trophiques entre composantes d'un agroécosystème : le cas de la prédation des graines d'adventices par les Carabidae." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS119/document.

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L’agroécologie offre de nouvelles perspectives à l’agriculture et ainsi une voie vers une gestion alternative des adventices à travers différents mécanismes écosystémiques de régulation. La prédation des graines est l’un d’entre eux et son étude fait depuis peu l’objet de recherches visant à approfondir les connaissances relatives à ce processus. Ce travail de thèse cherche (i) à caractériser la prédation des graines d’adventices, les principaux prédateurs Carabidæ et la ressource en graines disponible à l’échelle locale dans une culture courante (blé d’hiver); (ii) à étudier précisément les profils de prédation des principaux prédateurs et les interactions entre les composantes biologiques impliquées; (iii) à introduire des éléments de réponse relatifs au potentiel de régulation des communautés d’adventices via la prédation des graines par les Carabidæ. Des approches complémentaires ont été utilisées afin de répondre à ces problématiques : un suivi à long terme de terrain, des tests de préférences en laboratoire, une simulation des taux de prédation à long terme à partir des données ponctuelles ainsi qu’une étude à grande échelle des prédateurs et du stock de graines.L’étude des variations spatio-temporelles de la prédation via un dispositif de terrain durant la période d’activité des prédateurs a mis en évidence trois pics de prédation dont un seul correspond au pic de prédateurs (avant la moisson). La ressource en graines disponible au sol est quant à elle présente majoritairement lors du premier et du dernier pic de prédation, et aucune augmentation de ressource n’a été observée après moisson. Ces dynamiques semblent stables, restant valables indépendamment de l’échelle spatiale (intra ou interchamp) et des espèces carabiques et adventices étudiées.Toutes les espèces adventices ne font pas l’objet de la même intensité de prédation, et de manière générale, les graines de petites tailles ont été préférentiellement prédatées, au champ comme en test de cafétéria au laboratoire. Cependant, les espèces carabiques semblent avoir des profils de prédation différents entre guildes trophiques, ainsi qu’au sein d’une même guilde. De ce fait, la prise en compte des préférences de consommation dans l’étude des relations prédation-prédateurs tout comme la combinaison des données prédateurs et graines disponibles permet parfois d’améliorer les corrélations, notamment pour les espèces les plus prédatées.Une simulation de la prédation annuelle suggère des pertes en graines dues à la prédation non négligeables, pouvant atteindre pour l’espèce la plus prédatée, ici Viola arvensis, jusqu’à près de 80% des graines disponibles. En parallèle, une étude à grande échelle de l’évolution du stock de graines montre une corrélation négative entre prédateurs et évolution de la banque de graines, suggérant une régulation de la banque de graines via les prédateurs carabiques.L’ensemble de ces résultats suggère que prendre en compte la diversité fonctionnelle des communautés de prédateurs et d’adventices est un point important dans la compréhension de la prédation compte tenu des préférences de consommation des prédateurs et des dynamiques temporelles des différents acteurs<br>Agroecology gives evidence of new perspectives in agriculture, and open doors for alternative weed management approaches through different regulation mechanisms. Seed predation is one of them, and the interest is growing to deepen knowledge, relative to this process. This Phd work aims (i) to describe weed seed predation, the dominant carabid predators and the available resource at a local scale in a common crop (winter wheat); (ii) to study predation profiles of main predators, and the pair-wise correlations between the biological components of the system; (iii) to bring new insights regarding potential regulation of weed communities, through seed predation by carabid beetles. Complementary approaches have been used to tackle these aspects: a long-term field study, some cafeteria tests, a simulation of annual predation rates from point-to-point estimates, as well as a large-scale field study of predators and seed resource. Study of spatio-temporal variations of predation, via field experiment during the main activity period of carabids, has shown a three-peak pattern, one of them corresponding to predators’ peak, just before harvest. Weed resource available on soil surface is high in the first and last peaks of predation, and no increase of resource has been observed after harvest. These dynamics are independent of the spatial scale (intra or inter-field) and carabid species. The different weed species do not show the same levels of predation, and, as a whole, small-seeded species are more eaten, in both lab and field conditions. However, carabids have different preferences among trophic guilds, but also within a same guild. Therefore, in order to study predation, it is essential to combine predators and seed data, as well as considering preferences of predators. A simulation of annual seed predation shows important rates of seed loss, reaching up to 80% for the most predated species, V.arvensis. A large scale study of seed bank shows a negative correlation between predators’ activity density and seed bank change, assuming that there is a seed bank regulation by carabid predators. All together, these results show that functional diversity of predators’ and weeds’ communities is a key factor in understanding predation
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Mair, Jacqueline. "The role of Pterostichus madidus and Nebria brevicollis as predators of the slug Deroceras reticulatum." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/382.

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Slugs are important pests in many agricultural crops and potential biological control agents are being studied as an alternative to molluscicide application. The role of the carabids Pterostichus madidus (Fabricius) and Nebria brevicollis (Fabricius) as predators of the slug Deroceras reticulatum (MUller) was examined in the laboratory. These generalist beetle species were only capable of killing small, healthy slugs (<0.1 ig) as they were unable to overcome the defence mucus production of larger slugs. Dead slugs were scavenged in preference to killing healthy slugs. The relatively high proportion of positive serological results from field caught carabids may reflect a high scavenging rate rather than actual predation on live slugs. Slugs are difficult prey items for generalist beetles to overcome due to their defence mucus production. Results suggest that few slugs will be consumed in the presence of alternative prey which are less difficult for beetles to overcome. Slugs which could no longer produce defence mucus were readily attacked by both beetle species. Although beetles killed few healthy slugs the presence of beetles influenced slug behaviour with slugs of all sizes foraging for shorter periods of time. Any reduction in slug activity on the soil surface would in turn lead to a reduction in seedling damage. The results suggest that the role of potential predators in pest control can only be evaluated fully with a detailed understanding of their behaviour.
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Tooley, Josephine Anne. "Weed seed predation by Carabid beetles in arable farming systems." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408983.

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Lawson, Simon A. "Studies on two predators and a parasitoid of Ips grandicollis Eichh., the five-spined engraver beetle, in South Australia /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09al425.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Predator beetles"

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Markle, Sandra. Diving beetles: Underwater insect predators. Lerner Publications Co., 2008.

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Antonelli, Arthur L. Predacious ground beetles. Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1987.

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Dixon, A. F. G. Insect Predator-Prey Dynamics: Ladybird Beetles and Biological Control. Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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Insect Predator-Prey Dynamics: Ladybird Beetles and Biological Control. Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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Slipinski, Adam. Australian Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). CSIRO Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643109919.

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This book, by Australia's ladybird beetle specialist, Dr Adam Slipinski, illustrates Australia's diverse and fascinating ladybird beetle fauna — the commoner spotted species and the many others that are striped, glossy, and even very hairy. Most are predatory, but some are leaf feeders.&#x0D; This book reviews all 57 currently recognised genera of Australian Coccinellidae, recognising 260 valid described species, and including some genera and species newly described here.&#x0D; All genera are diagnosed, described and illustrated and a key to their identification is provided. Larvae of 30 species are described, illustrated and keyed.&#x0D; Sets of colour and black and white plates display these often beautifully colourful beetles, and their key features.&#x0D; The book is a must for all people interested in Australia's beetle fauna, in biocontrol and in natural resource management.&#x0D; This book was originally published in hardback by Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS) in 2007 and is now available in a digital format.
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Markle, Sandra. Diving Beetles: Underwater Insect Predators. Lerner Publishing Group, 2008.

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Markle, Sandra. Diving Beetles: Underwater Insect Predators. Lerner Publishing Group, 2008.

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Diving Beetles: Underwater Insect Predators (Insect World). Lerner Publications, 2007.

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Pang, Changhyun, Chanseok Lee, Hoon Eui Jeong, and Kahp-Yang Suh. Skin and dry adhesion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0022.

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Close observation of various attachment systems in animal skins has revealed various exquisite multi-scale architectures for essential functions such as locomotion, crawling, mating, and protection from predators. Some of these adhesion systems of geckos and beetles have unique structural features (e.g. high-aspect ratio, tilted angle, and hierarchical nanostructure), resulting in mechanical interlocking mediated by van der Waals forces or liquid secretion (capillary force). In this chapter, we present an overview of recent advances in bio-inspired, artificial dry adhesives, and biomimetics in the context of nanofabrication and material properties. In addition, relevant bio-inspired structural materials, devices (clean transportation device, interlocker, biomedical skin patch, and flexible strain-gauge sensor) and microrobots are briefly introduced, which would shed light on future smart, directional, and reversible adhesion systems.
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Book chapters on the topic "Predator beetles"

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Culler, Lauren E., Shin-ya Ohba, and Patrick Crumrine. "Predator-Prey Interactions of Dytiscids." In Ecology, Systematics, and the Natural History of Predaceous Diving Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9109-0_8.

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Culler, Lauren E., Shin-ya Ohba, and Patrick Crumrine. "Predator–Prey Ecology of Dytiscids." In Ecology, Systematics, and the Natural History of Predaceous Diving Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01245-7_8.

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Sreedevi, Kolla, G. Mahendiran, and P. Sree Chandana. "Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)." In Insect Predators in Pest Management. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003370864-7.

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Kumar, Bhupendra, and Omkar. "Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)." In Insect Predators in Pest Management. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003370864-8.

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Wessel, Andreas, Sarah Ehlers, Kenneth W. McCravy, and Jeanette A. Thomas. "Insect Bioacoustics and Biotremology." In Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 2. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83460-8_2.

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Abstract Insects were the earliest terrestrial organisms to produce and sense sounds, occupying most terrestrial habitats at least 300 million years ago. The class Insecta has some of the most soniferous organisms, and some taxa have common names that reflect their soniferous behavior: click beetles, cracker butterflies, whistling moths, and hissing cockroaches. Insect sounds are most often produced by stridulation, but some insects expel air to generate sound, bang their head against a substrate, rattle their wings during flight, or bend body segments against each other to click. Insects evolved ears independently at least 24 times and complex, acoustic signals apparently evolved independently in at least six different orders of insects. Most insects produce and perceive sounds that are audible to humans, but at least eight different superfamilies of moths have evolved ultrasonic hearing to detect and avoid bat predators. However, recently it has been generally recognized that mechanical stimuli that are not easily detected by humans, such as substrate-borne vibrations, are far more ubiquitous than airborne sounds. This new field of research in insect communication is studied in the comparatively new scientific discipline biotremology. Detection of sounds and vibrations is important for species recognition and proper mate selection, for detecting and avoiding predators, for warning predators by mimicking the sounds of a noxious species, for startling predators, for defending a burrow or territory, or for parasitoid flies locating a host on which to lay eggs. This chapter concentrates on studies of the most familiar sound- and vibration-producing orders: Blattodea, Coleoptera, Diptera, Grylloblattodea, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea, Mantophasmatodea, Neuroptera, Orthoptera, and Plecoptera. Production, sensing, and usage of sound and substrate-borne vibrations by insects are described using some examples from each order.
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Williams, Ingrid H., Andrew W. Ferguson, Märt Kruus, Eve Veromann, and Douglas J. Warner. "Ground Beetles as Predators of Oilseed Rape Pests: Incidence, Spatio-Temporal Distributions and Feeding." In Biocontrol-Based Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3983-5_4.

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Baisier, M., J. C. Grégoire, K. Delinte, and O. Bonnard. "The Role of Spruce Monoterpene Derivatives as Oviposition Stimuli for Rhizophagus grandis, a Predator of the Bark Beetle, Dendroctonus micans." In Mechanisms of Woody Plant Defenses Against Insects. Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3828-7_25.

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Dohmen, Gerhard Peter. "Testing side-effects of pesticides on carabid beetles: a standardized method for testing ground-dwelling predators in the laboratory for registration purposes." In Ecotoxicology. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5791-3_11.

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Reeve, John D., and Peter Turchin. "Evidence for Predator-Prey Cycles in a Bark Beetle." In Population Cycles. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140989.003.0009.

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The southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is an economically important pest of pine forests in the southern United States (Price et al. 1992). This native bark beetle is able to attack and kill living trees, typically loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) or shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.) pine, through a process of mass attack coordinated by pheromones emitted by the beetle (Payne 1980). During the attack process, thousands of beetles bore through the outer bark of the tree and begin constructing galleries in the phloem layer. Trees can respond to beetle attack by exuding resin from a network of ducts, but the large number of simultaneous attacks usually overcomes this defense, literally draining the resin from the tree. Oviposition and brood development then occur in the girdled (and ultimately dead) tree. Once a tree is fully colonized the attack process shifts to adjacent trees, often resulting in a cluster of freshly attacked trees, trees containing developing brood, and dead and vacated trees (Coulson 1980). These infestations can range in size from a single tree to tens of thousands, although the latter only occur in areas where no control methods are applied. Approximately six generations can be completed in a year in the southern United States (Ungerer et al. 1999). Like many other forest insect pests, D. frontalis populations are characterized by a considerable degree of fluctuation. The longest time series available are Texas Forest Service records of infestations in southeast Texas since 1958 (figure 5.la). These data suggest that the fluctuations have at least some periodic component, with major outbreaks occurring at intervals of 7-9 years (1968, 1976, 1985, and 1992). A variety of different analyses, including standard time series analysis and response surface methodology (Turchin 1990, Turchin and Taylor 1992), suggest that D.frontalis dynamics are indeed cyclic and appear governed by some kind of delayed negative feedback acting on population growth (see chapter 1). This effect can be seen by plotting the realized per-capita rate of growth (R-values) over a year against population density in the previous year (figure 5.1b).
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Majerus, Michael E. N. "Melanism in conspicuous Lepidoptera." In Melanism. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198549833.003.0008.

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Abstract In the previous three chapters, the majority of Lepidoptera discussed have relied on some form of camouflage to avoid predation, and the melanic forms that they exhibit have often evolved to maximise predator avoidance, either when at rest, or, in some instances, when in flight. However, many organisms have evolved conenrty; to mimic thus protected species; or to attract mates or deter rivals. Melanism in conspicuous species occurs in a wide range of taxa, some of which have already been discussed in Chapter 2. However, in this chapter I will again confine myself to the Lepidoptera, for the main principles involved in the evolution of melanism in brightly coloured species can all be related using examples from this order. I will continue this theme in Chapter 9, in which I will discuss melanism in a brightly coloured family of beetles, the ladybirds, in which warning coloration, mimicry, sexual selection, and other factors, such as thermal melanism, may all have an effect on the evolution and maintenance of melanism, sometimes within a single species.
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Conference papers on the topic "Predator beetles"

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Dieterich Mabin, Molly E. "Molecular identification of arthropod predators of cucumber beetles." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115066.

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Marinko, Katia, Gašper Tavčar, and Marko Jeran. "The Secret of the Biochemical Reaction in the Abdomen of the Beetle: Bioluminescence of the Firefly." In Socratic Lectures 9. University of Lubljana Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2024.d4.

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Abstract: Fireflies (Lampyridae) belong to a family of beetles that live widely in the humid tropical and subtropical regions of the world. They are best known for using a light organ in their abdomen to produce light, which they use to communicate with each other. Species can be distinguished by the pattern of light flickering that identifies members of a species. All larvae also glow to signal to predators that they are inedible. The light emitted by fireflies is produced by converting chemical energy into light. In this phenomenon, called bioluminescence, the substance luciferin reacts with oxygen in the presence of the enzyme luciferase. In addition, bioluminescence is difficult to study be-cause all animals stop glowing after they are captured. Bioluminescence is a very efficient process, converting up to 90% of energy into light, also called cold light. The complex process of bioluminescence is still not fully understood, so scientists are using interdisci-plinary methods (from theoretical to experimental approaches) to study the problem. Keywords: Firefly, bioluminescence, luciferin, luciferase, mechanism
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Cloyd, Raymond A. "Rove beetle (Dalotia coriaria) predation on the fungus gnat,Bradysiasp. nr.coprophila." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95257.

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Follett, Peter A. "Flat bark beetle predators of the scolytine pest coffee berry borer in Hawaii coffee." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112957.

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Yannick de Ladurantaye, Mohamed Khelifi, Conrad Cloutier, and Thomas A. Coudron. "Engineering the biological control of the Colorado potato beetle with the predatory stink bug Perillus bioculatus." In 2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.21207.

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Kanyile, Sthandiwe, Tobias Engl, and Martin Kaltenpoth. "Nutritional Symbionts Confer Structural Defence Against Predation and Fungal Infection in a Grain Pest Beetle." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Entomology. MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iece-10525.

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Mihailov, Irina. "Rove beetles predatory of the ontholestes ganglbauer, 1895 genus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylininae): their importance and distribution in the Republic of Moldova." In 9-th International Conference of Zoologists "Sustainable use, protection of animal world and forest management in the context of climate change". Institute of Zoology, 2018. https://doi.org/10.53937/9789975302272.136.

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Reports on the topic "Predator beetles"

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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, et al. Retrieving data. Wait a few seconds and try to cut or copy again. Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228673.

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Saperda candida (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is native to the eastern USA and southeastern Canada. It was detected in Germany in 2008, where eradication efforts were undertaken. This beetle primarily infests woody hosts within the Rosaceae family, with Cydonia, Malus and Pyrus being significant cultivated hosts in North America. The larvae cause severe damage by girdling the trunks of young trees, leading to tree death. Improved pest management in the mid-20th century reduced its impact in orchards. Despite being an EPPO A1 Pest and an EU A1 quarantine pest, no classical biological control has been attempted. Potential natural enemies include 5 hymenopterous parasites (Cenocoelius saperdae, Echthrus niger, Monogonogastra agrili, Xylophrurus nubilipennis luctuosus and Sarcophaga sp.), which are not present in the EPPO region. Additional predators such as spiders, ants, click beetles, carabid beetles and several woodpecker species also contribute to natural control.
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2

Houck, Marilyn, Uri Gerson, and Robert Luck. Two Predator Model Systems for the Biological Control of Diaspidid Scale Insects. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570554.bard.

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Hemisarcoptes (Acari: Hamisarcoptidae) is a parasite of scale insects (Diaspididae), tenacious pests of vascular plants. Hemisarcoptes also has a stenoxenic phoretic (dispersal) relationship with Chilocorus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Chilocorus feeds on diaspidids, transports mites as they feed, and has been applied to the control of scales, with limited success. U.S.-Israeli cooperation focused on this mite-beetle interaction so that a two-component system could be applied to the control of scale insects effectively. Life history patterns of Hemisarcoptes were investigated in response to host plant type and physical parameters. Field and lab data indicated that mites attack all host stages of scales tested, but preferred adult females. Scale species and host plant species influenced the bionomics of Hemisarcoptes. Beetle diet also influenced survival of phoretic mites. Mites use a ventral sucker plate to extract material from Chilocorus, that is essential for development. Seven alkaloids were found in the hemolymph of Chilocorus and three were characterized. Examination of the subelytral surface of Chilocorus indicated that microsetae play a role in the number and distribution of mites a beetle transports. While Hemisarcoptes can be innoculatd into agroecosystems using various indigenous or imported Chilocorus species, the following are preferred: C. bipustulatus, C. cacti, C. distigma, C. fraternus, C. orbus, and C. tristis.
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3

Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, et al. European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228470.

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The European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus), widespread across Eurasia, is a major pest of coniferous forests in Europe, primarily attacking Norway spruce (Picea abies). High beetle populations can result in significant damage, especially following environmental stressors like storms. Although there has been no classical biological control program against I. typographus due to its non-invasive nature in other continents, the potential introduction of this beetle into new areas like North America could necessitate such measures. Natural enemies in Europe include numerous parasitoids, predators and pathogens. Notably, the parasitoid Tomicobia seitneri shows high specificity and parasitism rates (20-100%) and is a prime candidate for biological control. Other potential candidates include the braconid Coeloides bostrichorum and the clerid beetle Thanasimus formicarius, though the latter's broad prey range limits its suitability for classical biological control. Pathogens like Ips typographus entomopoxvirus also show some specificity but require further study regarding their impact on beetle mortality.
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Pulgarin Díaz, John Alexander, Jhon Alveiro Quiroz Gamboa, and Carlos Espinel Correal. Predators of Gonipterus platensis (Marelli, 1926) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae in Antioquia, Colombia. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2019.8.

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The eucalyptus snout beetle, Gonipterus spp. are a pest of eucalyptus worldwide (Figure 1). Gonipterus platensis was rst reported in Colombia in 2016, threatening and causing economic losses in more than 60.000 ha of Eucalyptus spp. planted in the country. Classical biological control of these species has been e ective in some countries with Anaphes nitens (Girault) and A. inexpectatus Huber &amp; Prinsloo, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), and complemented with di erent natural enemies (NE) (Nascimento et al. 2017).
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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, et al. Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228459.

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The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, poses a significant threat to citrus crops worldwide as a vector of the devastating citrus greening disease. Classical biological control efforts have focused on 2 parasitoid species, i.e. Tamarixia radiata and Diaphorencytrus aligarhensis. T. radiata, native to south east Asia, has been successfully introduced and established in several countries, including Reunion Island, Guadeloupe, Taiwan, California and Florida, leading to notable reductions in D. citri populations. D. aligarhensis, native to East Asia, has also been imported and released in Reunion Island, Taiwan and Florida, but with less success due to competition with T. radiata. T. radiata demonstrates higher effectiveness and establishment rates, attributed in part to lower rates of hyperparasitism compared to D. aligarhensis. Predatory beetles, such as Olla v-nigrum, Harmonia axyridis and Curinus coeruleus have also shown promise in suppressing D. citri populations. Additionally, fungal entomopathogens, such as Isaria fumosorosea and Hirsutella citriformis have demonstrated potential for biological control in citrus orchards. These biological control agents offer promising strategies for managing D. citri and reducing the spread of citrus greening disease.
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