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Journal articles on the topic 'Predator (Drone)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Churchill, Robert Paul. "Drone Warfare." International Journal of Technoethics 6, no. 2 (2015): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijt.2015070103.

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The United States is now relying on Reaper and Predator drone strikes as its primary strategy in the continuing War on Terrorism. This paper argues for the rational scrutiny drone warfare has yet to receive. It is argued that drone warfare is immoral as it fails both the jus in bello and the jus ad bellum conditions of Just War theory. Drone warfare cannot be accepted on utilitarian grounds either, as it is very probable that terrorists will acquire drones capable of lethal strikes and deploy them against defenseless civilians. Moreover, by examining the psychological bases for reliance on dro

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Ellis-Felege, Susan N., Tanner Stechmann, Samuel Hervey, Christopher J. Felege, Robert F. Rockwell, and Andrew F. Barnas. "Nesting Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) show little behavioral response to fixed-wing drone surveys." Drone Systems and Applications 10, no. 1 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2021-0012.

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Drones may be valuable in polar research because they can minimize researcher activity and overcome logistical, financial, and safety obstacles associated with wildlife research in polar regions. Because polar species may be particularly sensitive to disturbance and some research suggests behavioral responses to drones are species-specific, there is a need for focal species-specific disturbance assessments. We evaluated behavioral responses of nesting Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima (Linnaeus, 1758), n = 19 incubating females) to first, second, or in a few cases third exposure of fixed-win

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Ahmad, Shakeel, Fozia Naseem, and Ahsan Riaz. "Targeted Killings by Drones and Legality of Deployment of CIA Operatives." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. I (2019): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-i).59.

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Since October 2001, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employed a predator drone armed with missiles to carry out an operation in Afghanistan that targeted suspected al-Qaeda members. These missile attacks continued to hit targets in Yemen, Afghanistan, and the Pakistani territory bordering Afghanistan. It has been proven that missile-equipped drones are uncertain when used in covert operations. Drone strikes raise legal questions under International Law, Human Rights Law (HRL) and International Humanitarian Law (IHL). IHL prohibits civilian organisations from participating in direct hostil

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Emery, John R. "The Possibilities and Pitfalls of Humanitarian Drones." Ethics & International Affairs 30, no. 2 (2016): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679415000556.

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What comes to mind when we hear the word “drone”? For many of us, it is the image of a General Atomics MQ-1B Predator drone launching a Hellfire missile at a suspected militant target. But is this picture beginning to change? Should this picture change?

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Joronen, Mikko. "Predator Empire: Drone Warfare and Full Spectrum Dominance." AAG Review of Books 6, no. 3 (2018): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2325548x.2018.1471937.

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Shaw, Ian G. R. "Predator Empire: The Geopolitics of US Drone Warfare." Geopolitics 18, no. 3 (2013): 536–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2012.749241.

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7

Calhoun, Laurie. "The Strange Case of Summary Execution by Predator Drone." Peace Review 15, no. 2 (2003): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402650307609.

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8

Akhter, Majed, Susan Roberts, Katharine Hall, Vanessa A. Massaro, and Ian G. R. Shaw. "Reading Ian Shaw's Predator Empire: Drone Warfare and Full Spectrum Dominance." Political Geography 62 (January 2018): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.09.010.

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Torres, Leigh G., Dawn R. Barlow, Todd E. Chandler, and Jonathan D. Burnett. "Insight into the kinematics of blue whale surface foraging through drone observations and prey data." PeerJ 8 (April 22, 2020): e8906. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8906.

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To understand how predators optimize foraging strategies, extensive knowledge of predator behavior and prey distribution is needed. Blue whales employ an energetically demanding lunge feeding method that requires the whales to selectively feed where energetic gain exceeds energetic loss, while also balancing oxygen consumption, breath holding capacity, and surface recuperation time. Hence, blue whale foraging behavior is primarily driven by krill patch density and depth, but many studies have not fully considered surface feeding as a significant foraging strategy in energetic models. We collec

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Chappelle, Wayne, Kent McDonald, Lillian Prince, Tanya Goodman, Bobbie N. Ray-Sannerud, and William Thompson. "Assessment of Occupational Burnout in United States Air Force Predator/Reaper “Drone” Operators." Military Psychology 26, no. 5-6 (2014): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mil0000046.

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11

Romaniuk, Scott N. "Book Review: Ian GR Shaw, Predator Empire: Drone Warfare and Full Spectrum Dominance." Political Studies Review 15, no. 3 (2017): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929917709209.

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Williams, Brian Glyn. "The CIA's Covert Predator Drone War in Pakistan, 2004–2010: The History of an Assassination Campaign." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 33, no. 10 (2010): 871–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1057610x.2010.508483.

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Lyons, Mitchell B., Charlotte H. Mills, Christopher E. Gordon, and Mike Letnic. "Linking trophic cascades to changes in desert dune geomorphology using high-resolution drone data." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 144 (2018): 20180327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0327.

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Vegetation cover is fundamental in the formation and maintenance of geomorphological features in dune systems. In arid Australia, increased woody shrub cover has been linked to removal of the apex predator (Dingoes, Canis dingo ) via subsequent trophic cascades. We ask whether this increase in shrubs can be linked to altered physical characteristics of the dunes. We used drone-based remote sensing to measure shrub density and construct three-dimensional models of dune morphology. Dunes had significantly different physical characteristics either side of the ‘dingo-proof fence’, inside which din

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Griffin, John N., Jack Butler, Nicole N. Soomdat, Karen E. Brun, Zachary A. Chejanovski, and Brian R. Silliman. "Top predators suppress rather than facilitate plants in a trait-mediated tri-trophic cascade." Biology Letters 7, no. 5 (2011): 710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0166.

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Classical ecological theory states that in tri-trophic systems, predators indirectly facilitate plants by reducing herbivore densities through consumption, while more recent work has revealed that predators can generate the same positive effect on plants non-consumptively by inducing changes in herbivore traits (e.g. feeding rates). Based on observations in US salt marshes dominated by vast monocultures of cordgrass, we hypothesized that sit-and-wait substrate-dwelling predators (crabs) could actually strengthen per capita impacts of potent grazers (snails), by non-consumptively inducing a ver

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Hameed, Shahzad, Qurratul-Ain Minhas, Sheeraz Ahmad, et al. "Connectivity of Drones in FANETs Using Biologically Inspired Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) through Machine Learning." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (January 28, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5432023.

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Flying Ad hoc Network (FANET) presents various challenges during communication due to the dynamic nature of network and ever-changing topology. Owing to high mobility, it is difficult to ensure a well-connected network and link stability. Thus, flying nodes have a higher chance of becoming disconnected from the network. In order to overcome these discrepancies, this work provides a well-connected network, reducing the number of isolated nodes in FANETs utilizing the depth of machine learning by taking inspiration from biology. Every biological species is innately intelligent and has strong lea

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Dainys, Justas, Eglė Jakubavičiūtė, Harry Gorfine, et al. "Impacts of Recreational Angling on Fish Population Recovery after a Commercial Fishing Ban." Fishes 7, no. 5 (2022): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7050232.

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It is often assumed that recreational fishing has negligible influences on fish stocks compared to commercial fishing. However, for inland water bodies in densely populated areas, this assumption may not be supported. In this study, we demonstrate variable stock recovery rates among different fish species with similar life histories in a large productive inland freshwater ecosystem (Kaunas Reservoir, Lithuania), where previously intensive commercial fishing has been banned since 2013. We conducted over 900 surveys of recreational anglers from 2016 to 2021 to document recreational fishing catch

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Schwarz, Rachel, Yuval Itescu, Antonis Antonopoulos, et al. "Isolation and predation drive gecko life-history evolution on islands." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129, no. 3 (2020): 618–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz187.

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Abstract Insular animals are thought to be under weak predation pressure and increased intraspecific competition compared with those on the mainland. Thus, insular populations are predicted to evolve ‘slow’ life histories characterized by fewer and smaller clutches of larger eggs, a pattern called the ‘island syndrome’. To test this pattern, we collected data on egg volume, clutch size and laying frequency of 31 Aegean Island populations of the closely related geckos of the Mediodactylus kotschyi species complex. We tested how predation pressure, resource abundance, island area and isolation i

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Hou, Yiran, Rui Jia, Bing Li, and Jian Zhu. "Apex Predators Enhance Environmental Adaptation but Reduce Community Stability of Bacterioplankton in Crustacean Aquaculture Ponds." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (2022): 10785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810785.

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Aquaculture environments harbor complex bacterial communities that are critical for the growth and health of culture species. Apex predators are frequently added to aquaculture ponds to improve ecosystem stability. However, limited research has explored the effects of apex predators on the composition and function of bacterioplankton communities, as well as the underlying mechanisms of community assembly. Using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) high-throughput sequencing, we investigated bacterioplankton communities of crustacean aquaculture ponds with and without apex predators (mandarin fish, Siniper

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Ayup, Maria Marta, Philipp Gärtner, José L. Agosto-Rivera, Peter Marendy, Paulo de Souza, and Alberto Galindo-Cardona. "Analysis of Honeybee Drone Activity during the Mating Season in Northwestern Argentina." Insects 12, no. 6 (2021): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12060566.

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Males in Hymenopteran societies are understudied in many aspects and it is assumed that they only have a reproductive function. We studied the time budget of male honey bees, drones, using multiple methods. Changes in the activities of animals provide important information on biological clocks and their health. Yet, in nature, these changes are subtle and often unobservable without the development and use of modern technology. During the spring and summer mating season, drones emerge from the hive, perform orientation flights, and search for drone congregation areas for mating. This search may

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Glass, JR, R. Daly, PD Cowley, and DM Post. "Spatial trophic variability of a coastal apex predator, the giant trevally Caranx ignobilis, in the western Indian Ocean." Marine Ecology Progress Series 641 (May 7, 2020): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13305.

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Top predators have substantial downstream effects on the structure, function, and resilience of ecosystems. The influence of top predators on an ecosystem can vary if they occur within multiple habitat types and have a wide niche breadth due to spatiotemporal changes in diet. We examined spatial patterns in trophic position and niche width for an economically important reef-associated fishery species, the giant trevally Caranx ignobilis. We sampled 4 localities in the western Indian Ocean representing different habitats: coral atolls, coastal reefs, and granitic islands. We analyzed isotopic r

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Young, Jason R. "Predator Empire: Drone Warfare and Full Spectrum Dominance by Ian G. R.Shaw, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2016, 336 pp., paper US$28.00 (ISBN 978-08166-9474-7)." Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien 62, no. 3 (2018): e12-e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cag.12461.

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Cuthbert, Ross N., Tatenda Dalu, Ryan J. Wasserman, et al. "Inter-Population Similarities and Differences in Predation Efficiency of a Mosquito Natural Enemy." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 6 (2020): 1983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa093.

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Abstract Predation is a critical factor that mediates population stability, community structure, and ecosystem function. Predatory natural enemies can contribute to the regulation of disease vector groups such as mosquitoes, particularly where they naturally co-occur across landscapes. However, we must understand inter-population variation in predatory efficiency if we are to enhance vector control. The present study thus employs a functional response (FR; resource use under different densities) approach to quantify and compare predatory interaction strengths among six populations of a predato

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Butcher, Paul, Andrew Colefax, Robert Gorkin, et al. "The Drone Revolution of Shark Science: A Review." Drones 5, no. 1 (2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5010008.

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Over the past decade, drones have become a popular tool for wildlife management and research. Drones have shown significant value for animals that were often difficult or dangerous to study using traditional survey methods. In the past five years drone technology has become commonplace for shark research with their use above, and more recently, below the water helping to minimise knowledge gaps about these cryptic species. Drones have enhanced our understanding of shark behaviour and are critically important tools, not only due to the importance and conservation of the animals in the ecosystem

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Syverson, V. J., and Tomasz K. Baumiller. "Temporal trends of predation resistance in Paleozoic crinoid arm branching morphologies." Paleobiology 40, no. 3 (2014): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13063.

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The rise of durophagous predators during the Paleozoic represents an ecological constraint imposed on sessile marine fauna. In crinoids, it has been suggested that increasing predation pressure drove the spread of adaptations against predation. Damage to a crinoid's arms from nonlethal predation varies as a function of arm branching pattern. Here, using a metric for resilience to predation (“expected arm loss,” EAL), we test the hypothesis that the increase in predation led to more predation-resistant arm branching patterns (lower EAL) among Paleozoic crinoids. EAL was computed for 230 genera

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Hasenjager, Matthew J., and Lee A. Dugatkin. "Fear of predation shapes social network structure and the acquisition of foraging information in guppy shoals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1867 (2017): 20172020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2020.

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Spatio-temporal variation in predation risk is predicted to select for plastic anti-predator responses, which may in turn impact the fine-scale social structure of prey groups and processes mediated by that structure. To test these predictions, we manipulated the ambient predation risk experienced by Trinidadian guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ) groups before quantifying their social networks and recording individual latencies to approach and solve a novel foraging task. High-risk conditions drove the formation of social networks that were more strongly assorted by body size than those exposed to

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Dill, Lawrence M., and Alejandro Frid. "Behaviourally mediated biases in transect surveys: a predation risk sensitivity approach." Canadian Journal of Zoology 98, no. 11 (2020): 697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0039.

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Variation in the behaviour of individuals or species, particularly their propensity to avoid or approach human observers, their conveyances (e.g., cars), or their proxy devices (e.g., drones) has been recognized as a source of bias in transect counts. However, there has been little attempt to predict the likelihood or magnitude of such biases. Behavioural ecology provides a rich source of theory to develop a general framework for doing so. For example, if animals perceive observers as predators, then the extensive body of research on responses of prey to their predators may be applied to this

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Plaw, Avery, and Matthew S. Fricker. "Tracking the Predators: Evaluating the US Drone Campaign in Pakistan." International Studies Perspectives 13, no. 4 (2012): 344–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-3585.2012.00465.x.

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Sessa, Jocelyn A., Timothy J. Bralower, Mark E. Patzkowsky, John C. Handley, and Linda C. Ivany. "Environmental and biological controls on the diversity and ecology of Late Cretaceous through early Paleogene marine ecosystems in the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain." Paleobiology 38, no. 2 (2012): 218–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/10042.1.

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The late Mesozoic through early Cenozoic is an interval of significant biologic turnover and ecologic reorganization within marine assemblages, but the timing and causes of these changes remain poorly understood. Here, we quantify the pattern and timing of shifts in the diversity (richness and evenness) and ecology of local (i.e., sample level) mollusk-dominated assemblages during this critical interval using field-collected and published data sets from the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain. We test whether the biologic and ecologic patterns observed primarily at the global level during this time are al

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R, Arun Sekar. "Novel Pollination Drone for Agricultural Assistance." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (2022): 3408–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44596.

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Abstract: One of the major issues concerning current agricultural productionis crop pollination. Approximately $74 billion per year worth of crops in rely on pollination by various pollinators. However, the recent decline ofhoney bees (i.e. colony collapse disorder) has greatly threatened productivity. Declines of other native pollinators, such as different insecttypes and animals, have also been reported. Such shortages of pollinatorshave significantly increased the cost of farmers and renting them for pollination services. To overcome this problem, this project presents an automated drone fo

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Pankhurst, Reza. "Osama and Obama—Between Predator Drones and the Arab Spring." Political Theology 12, no. 3 (2011): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/poth.v12i3.337.

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Kärcher, Martin H., Peter H. W. Biedermann, Norbert Hrassnigg, and Karl Crailsheim. "Predator-prey interaction between drones ofApis mellifera carnicaand insectivorous birds." Apidologie 39, no. 3 (2008): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido:2008001.

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Karl, Yoki, Haeng-Kon Kim, and Jong-Halk Lee. "A Smart Security Drones for Farms Using Software Architecture." International Journal of Software Innovation 8, no. 4 (2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2020100103.

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Predators like lions and elephants, around farms to kill and destroy a farm's livestock. For this reason, productivity in agriculture decreases over time resulting in poor production of crops and even killing of poultry animals. The development drone for driven agriculture based on image process and IoT technology provides an effective way to ensure the protection of farms and agriculture against wild animals. An automatic drone flies after receiving a signal from server with machine learning to hunt wild animals outside the farm. The focus is on object detection which is also the highlight of

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Nascimento, Lucas Ariel. "Good Kill:." Perspectivas Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no. 7 (December 9, 2019): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/prcs.v0i7.12.

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En octubre del 2002, un misil Hellfire lanzado desde un Predator impactó en el vehículo que transportaba a uno de los responsables de los atentados contra el USS Cole dos años atrás. Este evento dio inicio a una nueva estrategia antiterrorista basada en los ataques con drones. Un total de 563 ataques fueron ejecutados durante los dos mandatos de Obama, siendo este numero 10 veces mayor a los ataques llevados adelante por su predecesor, George W. Bush. Este trabajo busca problematizar cuál fue el impacto de los drones en la doctrina militar y qué efectos tuvo en la estrategia antiterrorista dur

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McSorley, Kevin. "Predatory War, Drones and Torture: Remapping the Body in Pain." Body & Society 25, no. 3 (2019): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x18822085.

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Elaine Scarry argues in The Body in Pain that war is a vast and reciprocal swearing on the body, with corporeality key not only to its brutal prosecution but also to the eventual ending of the political ‘crisis of substantiation’ that war entails. However, her work has not been extensively explored with reference to significant transformations in the embodied experiences of contemporary warfare. This article thus analyses a particular articulation of late modern warfare that I term predatory war, whose current signature motif is the drone strike, through the lens of Scarry’s work. Here, the as

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Zeldis, John R., John Oldman, Sira L. Ballara, and Laura A. Richards. "Physical fluxes, pelagic ecosystem structure, and larval fish survival in Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 3 (2005): 593–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-209.

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The ecosystem supporting snapper (Pagrus auratus) larvae was studied during three springsummer (NovemberJanuary 19851988) spawning seasons in Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. Upwelling-favourable winds caused more incursion of shelf water into the Gulf in 19851986 and 19861987 than in 19871988, but in the first two seasons, the winds were relatively weak. Stronger winds in 19871988 drove greater vertical diffusivity and correlated with greater mixed-layer primary biomass and productivity. Effects of vertical mixing appeared to dominate horizontal incursion of upwelled shelf water in supportin

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Ferguson, Jake M., Mark L. Taper, Christopher S. Guy, and John M. Syslo. "Mechanisms of coexistence between native bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): inferences from pattern-oriented modeling." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 4 (2012): 755–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-177.

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Determining the ecological mechanisms that control population abundances is an important issue for the conservation of endangered and threatened species. We examined whether a threatened bull trout ( Salvelinus confluentus ) population could coexist at observed levels with the ecologically similar introduced species, lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ), using a pattern-oriented analysis of population dynamics models. We used a large suite of stage- and age-structured models to examine how both competitive and predatory interactions, combined with differing life-history strategies and species v

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Frickel, Jens, Loukas Theodosiou, and Lutz Becks. "Rapid evolution of hosts begets species diversity at the cost of intraspecific diversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 42 (2017): 11193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701845114.

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Ecosystems are complex food webs in which multiple species interact and ecological and evolutionary processes continuously shape populations and communities. Previous studies on eco-evolutionary dynamics have shown that the presence of intraspecific diversity affects community structure and function, and that eco-evolutionary feedback dynamics can be an important driver for its maintenance. Within communities, feedbacks are, however, often indirect, and they can feed back over many generations. Here, we studied eco-evolutionary feedbacks in evolving communities over many generations and compar

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Burmistrov, V. I., I. V. Ivanov, E. I. Matkevich, and E. A. Praskurnichiy. "ANALYSIS OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PILOTLESS VEHICLE ACCIDENT RATE." Aerospace and Environmental Medicine 56, no. 2 (2022): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-73-84.

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Analysis of the air accident rates of MQ-1 Predators and MQ-9 Reapers from the Drone Crash Database in the period from 2001 till 2021 (12 countries, 174 accidents total) disclosed major factors, including human, for accidents. The main reason was structural faults and manufacturing defects due to, probably, long time in service. Frequency of accidents due to errors of experienced pilot-operator's varied between 19.4% and 22.9 % and due to errors in the course of skill training, 60–64.7 %. To reduce the accident rate, pilot-operators need to be trained on cutting-edge VR simulators and challeng

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Archambault, Emil. "Review Article: Targeted Killing, Technologies of Violence, and Society." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 47, no. 1 (2018): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305829818779124.

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This article addresses the interaction between policies of targeted killing and wider social forces, particularly technology, through three recently published books. I suggest that while Ian Shaw’s Predator Empire does well to draw attention to the enclosing tendency of contemporary nonhuman environments and means of technological control – particularly drones, Kyle Grayson’s Cultural Politics of Targeted Killing provides a necessary contextualisation of these technological transformations by emphasising the cultural-political underpinnings of policies of targeted killing and of the assemblage

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Gregory, Derek. "From a View to a Kill." Theory, Culture & Society 28, no. 7-8 (2011): 188–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276411423027.

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The proponents of late modern war like to argue that it has become surgical, sensitive and scrupulous, and remotely operated Unmanned Aerial Vehicles or ‘drones’ have become diagnostic instruments in contemporary debates over the conjunction of virtual and ‘virtuous’ war. Advocates for the use of Predators and Reapers in counterinsurgency and counterterrorism campaigns have emphasized their crucial role in providing intelligence, reconnaissance and surveillance, in strengthening the legal armature of targeting, and in conducting precision-strikes. Critics claim that their use reduces late mode

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Saleem, Muhammad, Ingo Fetzer, Hauke Harms, and Antonis Chatzinotas. "Trophic complexity in aqueous systems: bacterial species richness and protistan predation regulate dissolved organic carbon and dissolved total nitrogen removal." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1825 (2016): 20152724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2724.

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Loading of water bodies with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) affects their integrity and functioning. Microbial interactions mitigate the negative effects of high nutrient loads in these ecosystems. Despite numerous studies on how biodiversity mediates ecosystem functions, whether and how diversity and complexity of microbial food webs (horizontal, vertical) and the underlying ecological mechanisms influence nutrient removal has barely been investigated. Using microbial microcosms accommodating systematic combinations of prey (bacteria) and predator (protists)

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Giery, Sean T., and Craig A. Layman. "Dissolved organic carbon and unimodal variation in sexual signal coloration in mosquitofish: a role for light limitation?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1852 (2017): 20170163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0163.

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Natural selection plays an important role in the evolution of sexual communication systems. Here, we assess the effect of two well-known selection agents, transmission environment and predation, on interpopulation variation in sexual signals. Our model system is a series of 21 populations of Bahamian mosquitofish subjected to independent variation in optical conditions and predation risk. We show that optically diverse environments, caused by locally variable dissolved organic carbon concentrations, rather than spatial variation in predation, drove divergence in fin coloration (fin redness). W

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Zerbini, Alexandre N., Grant Adams, John Best, Phillip J. Clapham, Jennifer A. Jackson, and Andre E. Punt. "Assessing the recovery of an Antarctic predator from historical exploitation." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 10 (2019): 190368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190368.

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The recovery of whale populations from centuries of exploitation will have important management and ecological implications due to greater exposure to anthropogenic activities and increasing prey consumption. Here, a Bayesian population model integrates catch data, estimates of abundance, and information on genetics and biology to assess the recovery of western South Atlantic (WSA) humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ). Modelling scenarios evaluated the sensitivity of model outputs resulting from the use of different data, different model assumptions and uncertainty in catch allocation an

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Breen, Marcus. "Killing the Thing You Love: Predator Drones, Wilful Neglect and the End of the Internet." International Journal of Technology, Knowledge, and Society 8, no. 1 (2012): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1832-3669/cgp/v08i01/56271.

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Kim, Jaewoo, and Sangryul Shim. "A Case Study on the Evolutionary Development of U.S Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)." Journal of Advances in Military Studies 3, no. 2 (2020): 17–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37944/jams.v3i2.69.

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In October 2018, the Korean Army established a Dronebot unit. The future battleground is expected to be led by drones and robots. However, in order to utilize new weapons systems such as drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the Korean army, it is necessary to go through complicated and long-term defense acquisition procedures, which make it difficult to adopt and reflect the latest technologies immediately. The purpose of this study is to derive some implications for the efficient development and acquisition of UAVs in Korea through in-depth case analysis on the evolutionary developme

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Bush, Andrew M., and Philip M. Novack-Gottshall. "Modelling the ecological–functional diversification of marine Metazoa on geological time scales." Biology Letters 8, no. 1 (2011): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0641.

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The ecological traits and functional capabilities of marine animals have changed significantly since their origin in the late Precambrian. These changes can be analysed quantitatively using multi-dimensional parameter spaces in which the ecological lifestyles of species are represented by particular combinations of parameter values. Here, we present models that describe the filling of this multi-dimensional ‘ecospace’ by ecological lifestyles during metazoan diversification. These models reflect varying assumptions about the processes that drove ecological diversification; they contrast diffus

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Montana, Jasper, Julian K. Finn, and Mark D. Norman. "Liquid sand burrowing and mucus utilisation as novel adaptations to a structurally-simple environment in Octopus kaurna Stranks, 1990." Behaviour 152, no. 14 (2015): 1871–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003313.

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Cephalopods are often celebrated as masters of camouflage, but their exploitation of the soft-sediment habitats that dominate the ocean floor has demanded other anti-predator strategies. Previous research has identified a small number of cephalopods capable of burying into sand and mud, but the need to directly access the water column for respiration has restricted them to superficial burying. Here, we report on the first known sub-surface burrowing in the cephalopods, byOctopus kaurna, a small benthic species that uses advanced sand-fluidisation and adhesive mucus for sediment manipulation. T

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Bolding, Kevin A., and Kevin M. Franks. "Recurrent cortical circuits implement concentration-invariant odor coding." Science 361, no. 6407 (2018): eaat6904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat6904.

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Animals rely on olfaction to find food, attract mates, and avoid predators. To support these behaviors, they must be able to identify odors across different odorant concentrations. The neural circuit operations that implement this concentration invariance remain unclear. We found that despite concentration-dependence in the olfactory bulb (OB), representations of odor identity were preserved downstream, in the piriform cortex (PCx). The OB cells responding earliest after inhalation drove robust responses in sparse subsets of PCx neurons. Recurrent collateral connections broadcast their activat

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Ridel, Aurélien, Denis Lafage, Pierre Devogel, Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe, and Julien Pétillon. "Habitat filtering differentially modulates phylogenetic and functional diversity relationships between predatory arthropods." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 6 (2021): 202093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202093.

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Mechanisms underlying biological diversities at different scales have received significant attention over the last decades. The hypothesis of whether local abiotic factors, driving functional and phylogenetic diversities, can differ among taxa of arthropods remains under-investigated. In this study, we compared correlations and drivers of functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) between spiders and carabids, two dominant taxa of ground-dwelling arthropods in salt marshes. Both taxa exhibited high correlation between FD and PD; the correlation was even higher in carabids, proba

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Jones, K. E., K. D. Angielczyk, P. D. Polly, et al. "Fossils reveal the complex evolutionary history of the mammalian regionalized spine." Science 361, no. 6408 (2018): 1249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aar3126.

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A unique characteristic of mammals is a vertebral column with anatomically distinct regions, but when and how this trait evolved remains unknown. We reconstructed vertebral regions and their morphological disparity in the extinct forerunners of mammals, the nonmammalian synapsids, to elucidate the evolution of mammalian axial differentiation. Mapping patterns of regionalization and disparity (heterogeneity) across amniotes reveals that both traits increased during synapsid evolution. However, the onset of regionalization predates increased heterogeneity. On the basis of inferred homology patte

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