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Journal articles on the topic 'Predators fungi'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Ullah, Muhammad Irfan, Nimra Altaf, Muhammad Afzal, et al. "Effects of Entomopathogenic Fungi on the Biology of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its Reduviid Predator, Rhynocoris marginatus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)." International Journal of Insect Science 11 (January 2019): 117954331986711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179543319867116.

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Entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs), Isaria fumosorosea and Beauveria bassiana, are efficient biological agents in the management of multiple arthropod pests. In this study, the effects of both EPF species on various life stages of Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its natural enemy Rhynocoris marginatus (Fab.) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) were determined under laboratory conditions. I. fumosorosea significantly ( P < .05) reduced the growth rate of the third and fourth instar larvae of S. litura. For relative consumption rate (RCR), the maximum impact was recorded for I. fumosorosea

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Bell, J. R., A. Mead, D. J. Skirvin, K. D. Sunderland, J. S. Fenlon, and W. O. C. Symondson. "Do functional traits improve prediction of predation rates for a disparate group of aphid predators?" Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, no. 6 (2008): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308005919.

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AbstractAphid predators are a systematically disparate group of arthropods united on the basis that they consume aphids as part of their diet. In Europe, this group includes Araneae, Opiliones, Heteroptera, chrysopids, Forficulina, syrphid larvae, carabids, staphylinids, cantharids and coccinellids. This functional group has no phylogenetic meaning but was created by ecologists as a way of understanding predation, particularly for conservation biological control. We investigated whether trait-based approaches could bring some cohesion and structure to this predator group. A taxonomic hierarchy

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3

Yang, Ching-Ting, Guillermo Vidal-Diez de Ulzurrun, A. Pedro Gonçalves, et al. "Natural diversity in the predatory behavior facilitates the establishment of a robust model strain for nematode-trapping fungi." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 12 (2020): 6762–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919726117.

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Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are a group of specialized microbial predators that consume nematodes when food sources are limited. Predation is initiated when conserved nematode ascaroside pheromones are sensed, followed by the development of complex trapping devices. To gain insights into the coevolution of this interkingdom predator–prey relationship, we investigated natural populations of nematodes and NTF that we found to be ubiquitous in soils.Arthrobotrysspecies were sympatric with various nematode species and behaved as generalist predators. The ability to sense prey among wild isolates

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4

Boysen, Jana M., Nauman Saeed, and Falk Hillmann. "Natural products in the predatory defence of the filamentous fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 17 (July 28, 2021): 1814–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.124.

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The kingdom of fungi comprises a large and highly diverse group of organisms that thrive in diverse natural environments. One factor to successfully confront challenges in their natural habitats is the capability to synthesize defensive secondary metabolites. The genetic potential for the production of secondary metabolites in fungi is high and numerous potential secondary metabolite gene clusters have been identified in sequenced fungal genomes. Their production may well be regulated by specific ecological conditions, such as the presence of microbial competitors, symbionts or predators. Here

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5

Eo, Jinu, Kee-Choon Park, and Byung-Bae Park. "Short-term effects of organic waste amendments on soil biota: responses of soil food web under eggplant cultivation." Soil Research 50, no. 5 (2012): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12013.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of reusable organic wastes on soil organisms, with a focus on changes in the soil food web. Bone meal, de-oiled cake, and oyster shell were applied at 5 t ha–1, and the abundance and biomass of soil organisms were measured at 4, 8, and 13 weeks after treatment in soil under eggplant cultivation. The abundance of microflora and fauna was higher in the soils treated with bone meal or de-oiled cake than in untreated soils, suggesting that soil organisms are affected by the quality of applied organic wastes. Increases in the abundance of bacteri

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Palthiya, Ravi. "Detrimental Effect of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Coccinellid Predators in Okra." International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 5, no. 4 (2017): 1107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5634.

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7

Künzler, Markus. "How fungi defend themselves against microbial competitors and animal predators." PLOS Pathogens 14, no. 9 (2018): e1007184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007184.

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8

DUSO, CARLO, ALBERTO POZZEBON, MARIO BALDESSARI, et al. "Availability of alternative foods can influence the impact of pesticides on predatory mites (Acari): a summary of the evidence*." Zoosymposia 6, no. 1 (2011): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.6.1.21.

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Generalist predatory mites belonging to the Phytoseiidae play a major role in keeping phytophagous mites below economic threshold levels in European apple orchards and vineyards. Apart from their primary prey, these phytoseiids can exploit a range of other foods, among which pollen and plant pathogenic fungi are very important. The ability of generalist predatory mites to feed on alternative foods is of importance for their persistence in perennial crops. Pesticides can exert dramatic effects on mite communities, and these effects can be more severe on predators than on phytophagous mites, wit

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9

BLEULER-MARTÍNEZ, S., A. BUTSCHI, M. GARBANI, et al. "A lectin-mediated resistance of higher fungi against predators and parasites." Molecular Ecology 20, no. 14 (2011): 3056–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05093.x.

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10

Bleuler-Martinez, Silvia, Stefanie Schmieder, Markus Aebi, and Markus Künzler. "Biotin-Binding Proteins in the Defense of Mushrooms against Predators and Parasites." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 23 (2012): 8485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02286-12.

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ABSTRACTTamavidins are fungal biotin-binding proteins (BBPs) displaying antifungal activity against phytopathogens. Here we show high toxicity of tamavidins toward nematodes, insects, and amoebae. As these organisms represent important phyla of fungal predators and parasites, we propose that BBPs are part of the chemical defense system of fungi.

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11

Scheid, Patrick L. "Amoebophagous Fungi as Predators and Parasites of Potentially Pathogenic Free-living Amoebae." Open Parasitology Journal 6, no. 1 (2018): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874421401806010075.

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12

Bidochka, Michael J., David C. Clark, Mike W. Lewis, and Nemat O. Keyhani. "Could insect phagocytic avoidance by entomogenous fungi have evolved via selection against soil amoeboid predators?" Microbiology 156, no. 7 (2010): 2164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.038216-0.

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The entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana are ubiquitously distributed in soils. As insect pathogens they adhere to the insect cuticle and penetrate through to the insect haemocoel using a variety of cuticle-hydrolysing enzymes. Once in the insect haemocoel they are able to survive and replicate within, and/or evade, phagocytic haemocyte cells circulating in the haemolymph. The mechanism by which these soil fungi acquire virulence factors for insect infection and insect immune avoidance is unknown. We hypothesize that insect phagocytic cell avoidance in M. anisop

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13

Guest, David. "How plants defend themselves." Microbiology Australia 33, no. 1 (2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma12015.

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Unlike animals, plants cannot flee, fight or hide from predators. Plants lack mobile defender cells or an adaptive immune system and have instead evolved defences based on pre-formed barriers and inducible cellular responses regulated by local and systemic signals. The interaction between pathogen effectors and these defences sets up an intriguing molecular arms race between plants and pathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids and nematodes.

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Kotlobay, Alexey A., Karen S. Sarkisyan, Yuliana A. Mokrushina, et al. "Genetically encodable bioluminescent system from fungi." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 50 (2018): 12728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803615115.

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Bioluminescence is found across the entire tree of life, conferring a spectacular set of visually oriented functions from attracting mates to scaring off predators. Half a dozen different luciferins, molecules that emit light when enzymatically oxidized, are known. However, just one biochemical pathway for luciferin biosynthesis has been described in full, which is found only in bacteria. Here, we report identification of the fungal luciferase and three other key enzymes that together form the biosynthetic cycle of the fungal luciferin from caffeic acid, a simple and widespread metabolite. Int

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15

Koziak, Alexandra T. E., Kei Chin Cheng, and R. Greg Thorn. "Phylogenetic analyses of Nematoctonus and Hohenbuehelia (Pleurotaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 8 (2007): 762–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-083.

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Hohenbuehelia (Agaricales, Pleurotaceae) and Nematoctonus (Hyphomycetes) are the names for the sexual and asexual stages of a genus of nematode-destroying fungi (Basidiomycota). We obtained partial sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA, including the internal transcribed spacer region and the 5′ end of the large subunit, of 37 isolates of Hohenbuehelia and Nematoctonus representing 13 of the 16 described species in Nematoctonus. Phylogenetic analyses support Hohenbuehelia–Nematoctonus as a monophyletic clade of the Pleurotaceae, within which the species were placed in five main subclades. Exclusi

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16

Ortega, Humberto E., Daniel Torres-Mendoza, and Luis Cubilla-Rios. "Patents on Endophytic Fungi for Agriculture and Bio- and Phytoremediation Applications." Microorganisms 8, no. 8 (2020): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081237.

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Plant endophytic fungi spend all or part of their lives inside host tissues without causing disease symptoms. They can colonize the plant to protect against predators, pathogens and abiotic stresses generated by drought, salinity, high concentrations of heavy metals, UV radiation and temperature fluctuations. They can also promote plant growth through the biosynthesis of phytohormones and nutrient acquisition. In recent years, the study of endophytic fungi for biological control of plant diseases and pests has been intensified to try to reduce the ecological and public health impacts due the u

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Szefer, Piotr, Kenneth Molem, Austin Sau, and Vojtech Novotny. "Impact of pathogenic fungi, herbivores and predators on secondary succession of tropical rainforest vegetation." Journal of Ecology 108, no. 5 (2020): 1978–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13374.

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18

Samba-Louaka, Ascel. "Amoebae as Targets for Toxins or Effectors Secreted by Mammalian Pathogens." Toxins 13, no. 8 (2021): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080526.

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Numerous microorganisms, pathogenic for mammals, come from the environment where they encounter predators such as free-living amoebae (FLA). The selective pressure due to this interaction could have generated virulence traits that are deleterious for amoebae and represents a weapon against mammals. Toxins are one of these powerful tools that are essential for bacteria or fungi to survive. Which amoebae are used as a model to study the effects of toxins? What amoeba functions have been reported to be disrupted by toxins and bacterial secreted factors? Do bacteria and fungi effectors affect euka

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19

Börschig, Carmen, Alexandra-M. Klein, and Jochen Krauss. "Effects of grassland management, endophytic fungi and predators on aphid abundance in two distinct regions." Journal of Plant Ecology 7, no. 5 (2013): 490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtt047.

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20

ODA, Welton Yudi. "Communal egg laying by Gonatodes humeralis (Sauria, Gekkonidae) in Manaus primary and secondary forest areas." Acta Amazonica 34, no. 2 (2004): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672004000200020.

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Communal nesting has been registered for a number of lizard species at different sites. Here it is described communal egg laying of Gonatodes humeralis at different sites near and in human buildings in the period between 1990 and 1998. All these communal nests have been found in the dry season, between April and July, suggesting that the nests of are more common in this season, when the activity of their predators is less intense and the reduction of humidity diminish the decomposition action of the fungi that may kill the eggs.

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21

Poinar, George. "Associations between Fossil Beetles and Other Organisms." Geosciences 9, no. 4 (2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9040184.

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The present work reveals plant and animal associates of 16 families and subfamilies of fossil beetles that have been preserved in amber from Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Myanmar. The associates include mites, pseudoscorpions, spiders, insect parasites and predators, fungi, angiosperm parts, vertebrates, and nematodes. The presence of these fossil associates can be attributed to the rapid preservation of organisms in resin, thus maintaining natural associations almost “in situ”. Examples of present-day associations similar to those of the fossils show that specific behavioral patterns ar

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22

Fraser, R. S. S. "Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Protected Crops." Outlook on Agriculture 21, no. 3 (1992): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709202100304.

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Considerable progress has been made in developing integrated pest and disease management strategies for protected crops. Bacteria, nematodes, fungi and insect predators and parasites are used as biological control agents for pests and diseases and are combined with plant breeding for resistance, environmental control and informed intervention with minimal amounts of compatible pesticides. Some crops can already be grown with greatly reduced or no pesticide input. With others there is a need for further research on integrated pest and disease management strategies to develop sustainable systems

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23

Ebadah, Ibrahim M. A., Sawsan S. Moawad, Hanaa E. Sadek, and Dalia E. Lotfy. "Effectiveness of Two Entomopathogenic Fungi Sources Toward Some Sucking Insects and Their Predators on Okra Crop." Journal of Entomology 17, no. 1 (2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/je.2020.14.19.

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24

Gloer, James B. "The chemistry of fungal antagonism and defense." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 1265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-387.

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Mechanisms of fungal antagonism and defense often include the production of biologically active metabolites by one species that exert effects on potential competitors and (or) predators. Studies carried out in our laboratory and others clearly indicate that such ecological phenomena can serve as valuable leads to the discovery of novel and potentially useful bioactive fungal metabolites. There is evidence that some of these compounds may render advantages to the producing organism, although careful and definitive ecological studies are required to determine this. Nevertheless, the results summ

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Silva, Manoel Eduardo, Fabio Ribeiro Braga, Pedro Mendoza de Gives, et al. "Fungal Antagonism Assessment of Predatory Species and Producers Metabolites and Their Effectiveness onHaemonchus contortusInfective Larvae." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/241582.

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The objective of this study was to assess antagonism of nematophagous fungi and species producers metabolites and their effectiveness onHaemonchus contortusinfective larvae (L3). Assay A assesses the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect on the production of spores of fungal isolates of the speciesDuddingtonia flagrans,Clonostachys rosea,Trichoderma esau, andArthrobotrys musiformis; Assay B evaluates in vitro the effect of intercropping of these isolates grown in 2% water-agar (2% WA) on L3ofH. contortus.D. flagrans(Assay A) produced 5.3 × 106spores and associated withT. esau,A. musifo

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Grimaldi, David. "Description and immature stages of Hirtodrosophila batracida sp. n. (Diptera: Drosophilidae), a predator of frog embryos." Insect Systematics & Evolution 25, no. 2 (1994): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631294x00252.

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AbstractThe unique biology of a drosophilid whose larvae are predators of the Central American glass frog, Centrolenella fleischmanni (Boettger), was presented in detail by Villa. Here, the correct assignment of the species is made to the genus Hirtodrosophila Duda (previously identified as a species of Zygothrica Wiedemann), the species is described, and fine morphological features of the larvae are described. The species is described from specimens from Nicaragua, although there are other unconfirmed records from throughout Central America. Relationships of H. batracida, n.sp. with several o

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Tyumaseva, Z. I., and E. V. Guskova. "Parasites, predators and diseases of Lady Beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) of the Southern Urals and adjacent territories." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, no. 2 (2017): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_28.

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<p>The article gives a review of the Coccinellidae natural enemies (birds, amphibians, insects, mites, fungi, nematodes). Groups of animals that can influence the Coccinellidae population dynamics are identified. The stomachs of frogs <em>Pelophylax ridibundus </em>(Pallas, 1771), <em>Rana temporaria</em> Linnaeus, 1758, <em>Rana arvalis</em> Nilsson, 1842, <em>Rana amurensis </em>Boulenger, 1886, <em>Pelobates</em><em> fuscus </em>(Laurenti, 1768) have been examined; the occurrence of various Coccinellidae species i

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CHAMBERS, R. J., K. D. SUNDERLAND, D. L. STACEY, and I. J. WYATT. "Control of cereal aphids in winter wheat by natural enemies: aphid-specific predators, parasitoids and pathogenic fungi." Annals of Applied Biology 108, no. 2 (1986): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1986.tb07644.x.

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29

Koziak, Alexandra T. E., Felipe Chavarria Diaz, Joel Diaz, Maria Garcia, Daniel H. Janzen, and R. Greg Thorn. "Costa Rican species ofNematoctonus(anamorphic Pleurotaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 8 (2007): 749–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-049.

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Nematoctonus (Hyphomycetes) and Hohenbuehelia (Agaricales, Pleurotaceae) are the names for the asexual and sexual stages of a genus of nematode-destroying fungi (Basidiomycota). Six morphospecies of Nematoctonus, all previously described, were isolated from fruiting bodies of Hohenbuehelia and from 439 samples of soil and organic debris collected in all 12 Holdridge life zones in Costa Rica. Nematoctonus was recorded in all but three life zones at the lowest and highest altitudes: tropical dry forest, tropical moist forest, and subalpine rain paramó. Isolates of Nematoctonus were identified by

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Andreieva, Olena, Oleksandr Korma, Olena Zhytova, Ivan Martynchuk, and Anatoliy Vyshnevskyi. "Beetles and nematodes associated with wither Scots pines." Central European Forestry Journal 66, no. 1 (2020): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0001.

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AbstractThis study focused on the occurrence of xylophagous beetles and nematodes in the different parts of Pinus sylvestris L. trees of different health condition in the pure stands in Zhytomyr region (Central Polissya). Stem fragments with thin, thick and transitional bark, branches and twigs were examined in each of 12 model trees. Xylophagous beetles were identified by adults or by galleries. Nematodes were isolated from wood samples in the laboratory using the Baermann method and identified by morphometric characteristics. Among 10 species of xylophagous beetles, Ips acuminatus (frequency

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Rojas, Andrés, Diego Solano-Brenes, Danilo G. Muniz, and Glauco Machado. "Gone with the rain: negative effects of rainfall on male reproductive success in a nest-building arachnid." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 4 (2019): 1145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz063.

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AbstractIn nest-building species, offspring survival and reproductive success of parental individuals are strongly influenced by nest quality. Thus, quantifying the influence of abiotic conditions on nest integrity is important to predict the effects of weather variability on the fitness of parental individuals. Here, we investigated how rainfall affects nest integrity and how nest integrity influences males’ attractiveness and nest tenure. Our study species was the harvestman Quindina limbata, in which males build mud nests on fallen logs and protect the eggs against predators and fungi. Our

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Marti, Orville G., and D. M. Olson. "Effect of Tillage on Cotton Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae), Pathogenic Fungi, and Predators in South Central Georgia Cotton Fields." Journal of Entomological Science 42, no. 3 (2007): 354–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-42.3.354.

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Two species of fungi, Neozygites fresenii Nowakowski (Batko) and Pandora neoaphidis Remaudiere and Hennebert (Humber), pathogens of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, were studied in 12 south central Georgia cotton fields under conservation or conventional tillage in 2003 and 2004. Aphids and ants on cotton plants were enumerated in both years, and aphid predators (coccinellids, lacewings, and spiders) were counted in 2004. Plant sampling began the first week of June and continued for 16 wks in 2003 and for 14 wks in 2004. Numbers of aphids on cotton plants increased until the first week

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Draganova, Slavimira, Danail Takov, and Danail Doychev. "Naturally-occurring entomopathogenic fungi on three bark beetle species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Bulgaria." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 25, no. 1 (2010): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1001059d.

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Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) belong to one of the most damaging groups of forest insects and the activity of their natural enemies - pathogens, parasitoids, parasites or predators suppressing their population density, is of great importance. Biodiversity of entomopathogenic fungi on bark beetles in Bulgaria has been investigated sporadically. The aim of this preliminary study was to find, identify and study morphological characteristics of fungal entomopathogens naturally-occurring in populations of three curculionid species - Ips sexdentatus Boern, Ips typographus (L.)

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Suharsono, Suharsono, and Yusmani Prayogo. "INTEGRATION OF BOTANICAL PESTICIDE AND ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI TO CONTROL THE BROWN STINK BUG Riptortus linearis F. (HEMIPTERA: ALYDIDAE) IN SOYBEAN." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 14, no. 1 (2014): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11441-50.

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ABSTRACTIntegration of botanical pesticide and entomopathogenic fungi to control the brown stink bug Riptortus linearis F. (Hemiptera: Alydidae) in soybean. The efficacy of botanical pesticides i.e. Annona squamosa seed powder (ASP) or Jatropha curcas seed powder (JSP) integrated with entomopathogenic fungi, Lecanicillium lecanii to control brown stink bug, Riptortus linearis F. was studied at Muneng Research Station, the Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI) in June up to September 2011. The purpose of the research was to determine the efficacy of integration the natur

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Hasyim, Ahsol, Azwana Azwana, and Syafril Syafril. "EVALUATION OF NATURAL ENEMIES IN CONTROLLING OF THE BANANA WEEVIL BORER Cosmopolites sordidus Germar IN WEST SUMATRA." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 2 (2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v10n2.2009.43-53.

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<br />The banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar, is an important pest of highland banana and plantain in Africa, but it exists in low densities in presumed area of origin in Southeast Asia such as in Indonesia. This suggests a possible existence of effective co-evolved natural enemies in the origin area of Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate banana weevil pest status at selected sites in West Sumatra, (2) to survey parasitoids and predators, and (3) to determine the control potential of the most important natural enemies. Surveys w

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Hasyim, Ahsol, Azwana Azwana, and Syafril Syafril. "EVALUATION OF NATURAL ENEMIES IN CONTROLLING OF THE BANANA WEEVIL BORER Cosmopolites sordidus Germar IN WEST SUMATRA." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 2 (2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v10n2.2009.p43-53.

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<br />The banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar, is an important pest of highland banana and plantain in Africa, but it exists in low densities in presumed area of origin in Southeast Asia such as in Indonesia. This suggests a possible existence of effective co-evolved natural enemies in the origin area of Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate banana weevil pest status at selected sites in West Sumatra, (2) to survey parasitoids and predators, and (3) to determine the control potential of the most important natural enemies. Surveys w

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Hu, C., X. G. Xia, X. M. Han, et al. "Soil nematode abundances were increased by an incremental nutrient input in a paddy-upland rotation system." Helminthologia 55, no. 4 (2018): 322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2018-0025.

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Abstract To study the effect of fertilization on soil nematode communities in a paddy-upland rotation system, an ongoing thirty-three years long-term fertilizer experiment is conducted which includes seven treatments; an unfertilized treatment (control), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilizer treatments (N, NP, NPK) and organic manure (M) combined with chemical fertilizer treatments (MN, MNP, and MNPK). The soil nematode community structure and crop yields were determined in 2012 and 2013. Overall total nematode abundance was increased by an incremental nutrient input both in t

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Prayogo, Yusmani. "EFIKASI CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN LECANICILLIUM LECANII TERHADAP BEMISIA TABACI (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) PADA KEDELAI." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 14, no. 2 (2014): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.214187-200.

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Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium lecanii to Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Soybean. Bemisia tabaci is one of the most important pests on soybean, because in addition to direct damage also as vectors of viruses and stimulated the growth of sooty mold. The efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium lecanii to control B. tabaci carried out at Muneng field research station of Probolinggo in June until September 2012. Research using a split plot design, the main plot is two soybean varieties, namely Argomulyo and Wilis. Subplot is the time application of fungi L. l

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Sydney, Natashia, Martin T. Swain, Jeffery M. T. So, Egbert Hoiczyk, Nicholas P. Tucker, and David E. Whitworth. "The Genetics of Prey Susceptibility to Myxobacterial Predation: A Review, Including an Investigation into Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mutations Affecting Predation by Myxococcus xanthus." Microbial Physiology 31, no. 2 (2021): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515546.

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Bacterial predation is a ubiquitous and fundamental biological process, which influences the community composition of microbial ecosystems. Among the best characterised bacterial predators are the myxobacteria, which include the model organism <i>Myxococcus xanthus</i>. Predation by <i>M. xanthus</i> involves the secretion of antibiotic metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes, which results in the lysis of prey organisms and release of prey nutrients into the extracellular milieu. Due to the generalist nature of this predatory mechanism, <i>M. xanthus</i> has a b

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Pavlyushin, Vladimir. "Pathogenic post-effect of entomopathogenic fungi on phytophagous pests and entomophagous biocontrol agents." BIO Web of Conferences 21 (2020): 00020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202100020.

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Phytosanitary optimization of agricultural ecosystems under conditions of glasshouses and organic farming urgently demands guaranteed effect of plant protection. This can be achieved only through effective exploitation of a complex of biological agents, including arthropod predators and parasites, entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes and other microbes. Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium are characterized by facultative parasitism and possess high potential to control phytophagous insects, including pests of vegetable crops in glasshouses. In aphids, fungal path

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Kinge, Tonjock Rosemary, Gary Goldman, Adriaana Jacobs, George Gatere Ndiritu, and Marieka Gryzenhout. "A first checklist of macrofungi for South Africa." MycoKeys 63 (February 5, 2020): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.63.36566.

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Macrofungi are considered as organisms that form large fruiting bodies above or below the ground that are visible without the aid of a microscope. These fungi include most basidiomycetes and a small number of ascomycetes. Macrofungi have different ecological roles and uses, where some are edible, medicinal, poisonous, decomposers, saprotrophs, predators and pathogens, and they are often used for innovative biotechnological, medicinal and ecological applications. However, comprehensive checklists, and compilations on the diversity and distribution of mushrooms are lacking for South Africa, whic

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Charles, J. G., A. Chhagan, S. A. Forgie, M. W. A. Slay, and R. D. Edwards. "Observations on the biology of the pasture mealybug Balanococcus poae from Hawkes Bay pastures." New Zealand Plant Protection 62 (August 1, 2009): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4813.

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The seasonal biology of Balanococcus poae was examined in Hawkes Bay from 2006 to 2008 Adult females were found throughout the year typically in wax cells ca 12 cm below the soil surface with a peak density of ca 1300/m2 during winter and early spring (JuneOctober) Winter eggs were followed by neonate nymphs from spring through summer The timing of lifestages indicates that there was a single generation each year but a partial second generation may also have occurred in late summer No males were found Morphometric data did not reliably separate different immature stages Neonate nymphs on potte

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Boivin, Guy, Thierry Hance, and Jacques Brodeur. "Aphid parasitoids in biological control." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, no. 1 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-045.

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Boivin, G., Hance, T. and Brodeur, J. 2012. Aphid parasitoids in biological control. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1–12. Aphids are important pests of most cultivated crops worldwide. Among the natural enemies that regulate their populations, aphid parasitoids are commonly used in biological control programs in greenhouses and field situations. They belong to the Hymenoptera (Braconidae and Aphelinidae), and a few species are Diptera (Cecidomyiidae). Aphid parasitoids are themselves exposed to a variety of natural enemies including predators, fungi and hyperparasitoids. The most important impediment

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Deserti, María I., Karina S. Esquius, Alicia H. Escalante, and Fabián H. Acuña. "Trophic ecology and diet of Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria; Hydrozoa)." Animal Biology 67, no. 3-4 (2017): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002537.

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Hydra is a genus of common, sessile, solitary freshwater cnidarians, which are defined as carnivorous and efficient predators. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the feeding habits and diet of Hydra vulgaris collected from its natural habitat in Nahuel Rucá Lake (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). We found three categories of food items in the coelenteron: algae, fungi, and small invertebrates. Algae dominated the diet in terms of abundance and frequency of occurrence, but their volumetric contribution was almost negligible, as was their possible nutritional value. Inverteb

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B. Lindenmayer, D., A. W. Claridge, A. M. Gilmore, D. Michael, and B. D. Lindenmayer. "The ecological roles of logs in Australian forests and the potential impacts of harvesting intensification on log-using biota." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 2 (2002): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020121.

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A review is presented of the ecological values of logs in Australian eucalypt forests. Logs are a key component of stand structural complexity and have critical functional roles for forest biodiversity including:- (1) providing nesting and sheltering sites for biota, (2) providing foraging substrates for predators like snakes and predatory invertebrates such as velvet worms, (3) providing basking and hibernation sites for reptiles, (4) facilitating animal movement, (5) providing places for key social behaviours, (6) acting as plant germination sites, (7) providing substrates to promote the gro

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Gislason, April S., and Teri R. de Kievit. "Friend or foe? Exploring the fine line between Pseudomonas brassicacearum and phytopathogens." Journal of Medical Microbiology 69, no. 3 (2020): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001145.

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Pseudomonas brassicacearum is one of over fifty species of bacteria classified into the P. fluorescens group. Generally considered a harmless commensal, these bacteria are studied for their plant-growth promotion (PGP) and biocontrol characteristics. Intriguingly, P. brassicacearum is closely related to P. corrugata , which is classified as an opportunistic phytopathogen. Twenty-one P. brassicacearum genomes have been sequenced to date. In the current review, genomes of P. brassicacearum and strains from the P. corrugata clade were mined for regions associated with PGP, biocontrol and pathogen

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Saari, Susanna, Otso Huitu, Marjo Helander, PÃ¤ivi Lehtonen, and Kari Saikkonen. "Endophytic fungi as indirect defense mechanisms in grasses - mycotoxins enhance the UV-visibility of herbivore urine in the eyes of predators." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3154.

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Kuo, Ting-Hao, Ching-Ting Yang, Hsin-Yuan Chang, Yen-Ping Hsueh, and Cheng-Chih Hsu. "Nematode-Trapping Fungi Produce Diverse Metabolites during Predator–Prey Interaction." Metabolites 10, no. 3 (2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10030117.

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Nematode-trapping fungi are natural antagonists of nematodes. These predatory fungi are capable of switching their lifestyle from a saprophytic to predatory stage in the presence of nematodes by developing specialized trapping devices to capture and consume nematodes. The biochemical mechanisms of such predator–prey interaction have become increasingly studied given the potential application of nematode-trapping fungi as biocontrol agents, but the involved fungal metabolites remain underexplored. Here, we report a comprehensive liquid–chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabolomics study

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Taufiq, Irham, and Denik Agustito. "Application of Mathematical Models Two Predators and Infected Prey by Pesticide Control in Nilaparvata Lugens Spreading in Bantul Regency." InPrime: Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 2, no. 1 (2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/inprime.v2i1.14887.

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AbstractIn this paper, we develop a mathematical model to analyze interactions between planthopper pests as prey and menochilus sexmaculatus and mirid ladybug as two predators where prey is controlled by pesticides. The interaction between predator and prey is modeled using the Holling type II response function. The predator and prey growth are modeled using a logistic function. From this model, we obtain eight equilibrium points. The three of these equilibrium points are analyzed using linearization and locally asymptotically stable. We simulate this model using data to predict the dynamics o

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Mason, Peter G., and Martin A. Erlandson. "INVITATION PAPER (C.P. ALEXANDER FUND): THE POTENTIAL OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL FOR MANAGEMENT OF GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) IN CANADA." Canadian Entomologist 126, no. 6 (1994): 1459–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1261459-6.

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AbstractIn Canada biological control of grasshoppers has been studied since the 1930s. Previous attempts at "classical" introductions have not been successful. Native parasitoids, especially sarcophagid flies, have a significant impact on grasshopper populations during certain times but the required conditions and regulatory potential are not understood. Sarcophagids, especially Kellymyia kellyi (Aldrich), and the mermithid nematodes Agamermis decaudate Cobb, Steiner, and Christie and Mermis subnigricans Cobb have some potential as inundative agents. Invertebrate predators appear to impact on

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