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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Predatory and aggressive interactions

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Academic literature on the topic 'Predatory and aggressive interactions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Predatory and aggressive interactions"

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L.A., Escudero-Colomar, Creus E., Chorąży A., and Walzer A. "Intraguild aggressiveness between an alien and a native predatory mite." Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, no. 11 (November 7, 2019): 2094–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.11.5.

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The predatory mite Amblydromalus limonicus, non-native in Europe, can be used legally in several European countries as greenhouse biocontrol agent against thrips species, although this species is also able to feed on whiteflies and gall mites. The first record of the unintended occurrence of A. limonicus in apple orchards in Europe comes from Catalonia (Spain), where A. limonicus is well established in the native predatory mite community since 2011. The dominant species in this community is Amblyseius andersoni, which has a similar life-style as A. limonicus (large, aggressive predator with broad diet range) making intraguild (IG) interactions between the two predators likely. Thus, we tested the IG aggressiveness of native and alien female predators, when provided with IG prey (larvae). Alien females of A. limonicus proved to be highly aggressive IG predators against native larvae of A. andersoni, which were attacked earlier and more frequently than alien larvae by the native predator. Nearly all attacks by the alien predator resulted in the death of native IG prey, whereas about 10% of the alien intraguild prey escaped the attacks of the native predator. Additionally, native IG prey is smaller than alien prey, which should facilitate the overwhelming by the alien predator. We argue that the strong aggressive intraguild behavior of A. limonicus is contributing to its establishment success in the native predatory mite community.

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Henderson, Lindsay J., Mary R. Ryan, and Hannah M. Rowland. "Perch, Perca fluviatilis show a directional preference for, but do not increase attacks toward, prey in response to water-borne cortisol." PeerJ 5 (October 3, 2017): e3883. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3883.

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In freshwater environments, chemosensory cues play an important role in predator-prey interactions. Prey use a variety of chemosensory cues to detect and avoid predators. However, whether predators use the chemical cues released by disturbed or stressed prey has received less attention. Here we tested the hypothesis that the disturbance cue cortisol, in conjunction with visual cues of prey, elevates predatory behavior. We presented predators (perch, Perca fluviatilis) with three chemosensory choice tests and recorded their location, orientation, and aggressive behavior. We compared the responses of predators when provided with (i) visual cues of prey only (two adjacent tanks containing sticklebacks); (ii) visual and natural chemical cues of prey vs. visual cues only; and (iii) visual cues of prey with cortisol vs. visual cues only. Perch spent a significantly higher proportion of time in proximity to prey, and orientated toward prey more, when presented with a cortisol stimulus plus visual cues, relative to presentations of visual and natural chemical cues of prey, or visual cues of prey only. There was a trend that perch directed a higher proportion of predatory behaviors (number of lunges) toward sticklebacks when presented with a cortisol stimulus plus visual cues, relative to the other chemosensory conditions. But they did not show a significant increase in total predatory behavior in response to cortisol. Therefore, it is not clear whether water-borne cortisol, in conjunction with visual cues of prey, affects predatory behavior. Our results provide evidence that cortisol could be a source of public information about prey state and/or disturbance, but further work is required to confirm this.

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Galdino, Conrado, Stefânia Ventura, and Gladston Moreira. "Unveiling a spatial tail breakage outbreak in a lizard population." Amphibia-Reptilia 38, no. 2 (2017): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003094.

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Many ecological attributes of organisms vary spatially. This strict dependency upon space generally arises by individuals occupying places with the necessary resources and conditions for survival. For lizards, losing the tail is an evolved mechanism that allows them to escape predators or to avoid aggressive intraspecific agonistic interactions. We evaluated the spatial relation of tail loss in a population of the lizard Tropidurus montanus. Our results support the occurrence of a spatial cluster of autotomized lizards. However, we cannot relate the cluster formation to the crowding of neighbouring lizards nor to individuals’ body size. Tail loss in lizards is known to be related to predatory attacks or intraspecific aggression, and we now show that tail autotomy occurs in a non-random way regarding space, and thus is also related to the space occupied by individuals in populations.

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Guiltinan, Joseph P., and Gregory T. Gundlach. "Aggressive and Predatory Pricing: A Framework for Analysis." Journal of Marketing 60, no. 3 (July 1996): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299606000306.

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The authors examine competitive interaction in the context of aggressive pricing strategies. Although aggressive pricing by one firm may initially provide lower prices to consumers, the behavior also can be predatory and ultimately result in undesirable welfare consequences. To date, public policy analysis of such behavior has relied on traditional economic theory, with State and Federal policies creating conflicting guidelines for managers. The authors offer a framework for understanding aggressive and predatory pricing that incorporates research from marketing and related disciplines as well as traditional and newer streams of economic analysis. Distinguishing features of the framework include a broader delineation of indicators that potentially predatory behavior might have occurred, an expanded view of the possible motivations for aggressive and predatory pricing behavior that are not admitted into current analyses, and a more comprehensive analysis of competitors’ strategic responses to such pricing and the varying consequences of these responses. They further argue that the field of marketing is uniquely positioned to provide the kind of comprehensive measurement and modeling contributions needed to create policy guidelines that can be implemented in this area.

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Wermelinger, Beat, Andreas Rigling, Doris Schneider Mathis, Marc Kenis, and Martin M. Gossner. "Climate Change Effects on Trophic Interactions of Bark Beetles in Inner Alpine Scots Pine Forests." Forests 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020136.

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Increased tree mortality has become a widespread phenomenon and is largely attributed to climate change. Little field research has addressed the complex interactions between trees, herbivores, and their natural enemies as affected by temperature. We recorded the densities of bark insects and their natural enemies emerging from felled trees in Scots pine forests at 17 study sites along 6 elevation gradients encompassing different temperature ranges in 3 regions in Switzerland and Italy. We additionally measured tree resin defense at different elevations. The density of aggressive bark beetles decreased with increasing temperatures while that of non-aggressive species did not respond to temperature. Contrasting patterns were also found for natural enemies, with the densities of most predatory taxa decreasing with increasing temperature whereas densities of parasitoids increased. Consequently, bark beetle mortality by predators decreased and that by parasitoids increased with temperature. Exudation of resin increased with temperature. As the number of resin ducts did not change with temperature, this is assumed a physical effect of reduced viscosity. Despite lower densities of aggressive bark beetles and improved tree resin flow under higher temperatures, the currently experienced drought-induced reduction in tree vigor is likely to increase tree mortality under the ongoing climate warming.

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Boileau, Nicolas, Fabio Cortesi, Bernd Egger, Moritz Muschick, Adrian Indermaur, Anya Theis, Heinz H. Büscher, and Walter Salzburger. "A complex mode of aggressive mimicry in a scale-eating cichlid fish." Biology Letters 11, no. 9 (September 2015): 20150521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0521.

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Aggressive mimicry is an adaptive tactic of parasitic or predatory species that closely resemble inoffensive models in order to increase fitness via predatory gains. Although similarity of distantly related species is often intuitively implicated with mimicry, the exact mechanisms and evolutionary causes remain elusive in many cases. Here, we report a complex aggressive mimicry strategy in Plecodus straeleni , a scale-eating cichlid fish from Lake Tanganyika, which imitates two other cichlid species. Employing targeted sequencing on ingested scales, we show that P. straeleni does not preferentially parasitize its models but—contrary to prevailing assumptions—targets a variety of co-occurring dissimilar looking fish species . Combined with tests for visual resemblance and visual modelling from a prey perspective, our results suggest that complex interactions among different cichlid species are involved in this mimicry system.

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Brown, Joel S., Keren Embar, Eric Hancock, and Burt P. Kotler. "Predators risk injury too: the evolution of derring-do in a predator–prey foraging game." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 62, no. 3-4 (May 18, 2016): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15659801.2016.1207298.

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Derring-do is how aggressive a predator is in stalking and capturing prey. We model predator–prey interactions in which prey adjust vigilance behavior to mitigate risk of predation and predators their derring-do to manage risk of injury from capturing prey. High derring-do increases a predator's likelihood of capturing prey, but at higher risk of injury to itself. For fixed predator derring-do, prey increase vigilance in response to predator abundance, predator lethality, and predator encounter probability with prey and decrease vigilance with their own feeding rate; there is a humped-shaped relationship between prey vigilance and effectiveness of vigilance. For fixed prey vigilance, predators increase derring-do with the abundance of prey and predator lethality and decrease it with benefit of vigilance to prey and level of prey vigilance. When both prey and predator are behaviorally flexible, a predator–prey foraging game ensues whose solution represents an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). At the ESS, prey provide themselves with a public good as their vigilance causes predators to decrease derring-do. Conversely, predators have negative indirect effects on themselves as their derring-do causes prey to be more vigilant. These behavioral feedbacks create negative intra-specific interaction coefficients. Increasing the population size of prey (or predators) now has a direct negative effect on the prey (or predators). Both effects help stabilize predator–prey dynamics. Besides highlighting a common way by which predators may experience a food-safety tradeoff via dangerous prey, the model suggests why natural selection favors even small defensive measures by prey and hulky predators.

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Wortham-Neal, Jennifer. "Intraspecific agonistic interactions of squilla empusa (crustacea: stomatopoda)." Behaviour 139, no. 4 (2002): 463–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390260135961.

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AbstractMantis shrimp are benthic, predatory marine crustaceans that have complex agonistic interactions. These crustaceans are divided into two functional groups based on the morphology and use of their raptorial appendage: smashers and spearers. Most research on the agonistic behaviours of mantis shrimp has focused on smasher species and on contests between asymmetrical and same-sex individuals. No studies have investigated the intersexual and intrasexual interactions of size-matched spearer individuals. I conducted a laboratory experiment using Squilla empusa, a spearer that lives in the Gulf of Mexico, to determine if agonistic differences exist between males and females. The results suggest that (1) although threat displays are rare in both males and females, male aggressive interactions involving physical contact are common, (2) males engage in more aggressive behaviours and interactions than do females, (3) females are less aggressive toward both males and females than males are toward males and females; interactions involving females are usually passive, non-striking, whereas interactions involving males can result equally in a strike or passive behaviour, (4) males are more aggressive than females, and (5) an increase in the number of treatment individuals resulted in an increase in the number of interactions. The behaviours of Squilla empusa are compared with literature reports concerning other species of mantis shrimp. The differences in habitat, feeding method, vision, and burrow type may explain the differences between smashers and spearer agonistic behaviours.

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Afolabi, Abdulkareem Ibrahim, and Normah Maan. "A Dual-Aggressive Model of Tumor-Immune System Interactions." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 15, no. 10 (June 27, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v15i10.10877.

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<p class="0abstract">Biomedical literature suggested that the tumor-immune system physical phenomenon usually climaxes into either tumor elimination or escape. In retort to the phenomenological mechanics of tumor-immune system interaction, researchers had used Mathematical models mostly prey-predator and competitive extensively, to model the dynamics of tumor immune system interaction. However, these models had not accounted for total elimination and, or escape of tumor as hypothesizes by immunoediting hypotheses. In this work, we propose a dual aggressive model based on the biological narration of tumor-immune system interactions. The stability analyses of tumor-negative steady state are stable if the rate at which body cells dies is less than their proliferation rate a confirmation of biological listed causes of the tumor. The tumor-positive steady state is always unstable and saddle with the likelihood of either elimination or escape of tumor. Numerical analysis validates our analytical results and provides insight into the dynamics of the benignant and malignant tumor. The immunosuppression by tumor is not only visible but also validated by both analytical and numerical analysis.</p>

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Payne, Adam G., Carl Smith, and Andrew C. Campbell. "Interactions between ophiuroids and beaugregory damselfish." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 3 (April 9, 2003): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403007562h.

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The interactions between beaugregory damselfish and ophiuroids, potential damselfish egg predators, were investigated using several field studies. A survey of back reef areas showed that the two most common ophiuroid species, Ophiocoma echinata and Ophioderma appressum, were significantly associated with the territories of beaugregory males within the coral rubble habitat where both ophiuroids and beaugregory's can be found. Feeding experiments showed that three ophiuroid species (Ophiocoma echinata, Ophioderma appressum and Ophiocoma wendtii) and Echinometra viridis consumed late development stage beaugregory eggs, whereas earlier stages were only consumed by Ophioderma appressum and Echinometra viridis. Manipulation of ophiuroid densities had no significant effect on the survival of beaugregory eggs and had no measurable impact on female mate choice. The aggressive response of male beaugregory damselfish towards three ophiuroid and one echinoid species showed significant differences among species but were lower than those shown to bluehead wrasse, Thallasoma bifasciatum; the principal daylight predator of eggs. The intensity of attacks by male beaugregory damselfish towards Thallasoma bifasciatum increased significantly if males were guarding eggs, but did not appear to change for the four echinoderm species. Male habitat selection was shown to be unaffected by the presence of ophiuroids.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Predatory and aggressive interactions"

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Priddis, Edmund R. "Niche Separation Along Environmental Gradients as a Mechanism to Promote the Coexistence of Native and Invasive Species." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2199.pdf.

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Esquivel, Palma Carlos Josue. "TOXICOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THIAMETHOXAM, APHIDS, AND PREDATORY NATURAL ENEMIES." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574435608424832.

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Geitzenauer, Heather Lyn 1969. "Tritrophic interactions: Effects of caterpillar host plants on predatory paper wasps." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278376.

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The effects of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and groundcherry (Physalis pubescens), two hosts of the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), on predation by paper wasps (Polistes arizonensis) were examined. Initially it was found that P. arizonensis foragers took more caterpillars from H. annuus plants than P. pubescens in paired-choice tests. Regarding physical aspects of the plants, wasps took longer to locate prey on artificial plants with higher leaf surface areas and gave up searching faster on artificial plants with more complex architectures. In paired-choice tests for chemical effects, wasps chose more caterpillars within H. annuus odor than in P. pubescens odor. They also chose more H. annuus-reared larvae than P. pubescens-reared larvae when they were presented without plants. Predator handling times were affected by the amount of food in the caterpillar gut, with a slight trend depending on what plant species was present in the caterpillar gut.

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Du, Toit Michelle. "Predatory interactions between Cape fur seals and seabirds at Ichaboe Island, Namiba." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.zs/thesis/available/etd-11212005-150700/.

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Wilson, Rebecca. "Investigating the Interaction of Monoamines and Diel Rhythmicity on Anti-Predator Behavior in an Orb-Weaving Spider, Larinioides cornutus (Araneae: Araneae)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3441.

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Circadian rhythms are ubiquitous among organisms, influencing a wide array of physiological processes and behaviors including aggression. While many neurophysiological mechanisms are involved in the regulation of aggressive behaviors, relatively few studies have investigated the underlying components involved in the interplay between circadian rhythms and aggression. Spiders are an ideal model system for studying circadian regulation of aggression as they are ecologically both predators and prey. Recent studies have revealed a nocturnal orb- weaving spider Larinioides cornutus exhibits a diel and circadian rhythm in anti-predator behavior (i.e. boldness) that can be manipulated by administration of octopamine (OA) and serotonin (5- HT). Dosing of OA increases boldness of an individual while 5-HT decreases boldness levels. Thus, it appears the serotonergic and octopaminergic system are playing a key role in the daily fluctuations of boldness. This study took a holistic approach to investigate OA and 5-HT levels of head tissue and hemolymph (i.e. blood) as well as the genes involved in synthesis, signaling, and degradation of these monoamines throughout the day (0100, 0700, 1300, and 1900 hours) using HPLC-ED and RNA-sequencing. Although endogenous and circulating levels of OA did not significantly fluctuate, putative transcripts involved in synthesis and signaling did increase in relative expression levels at dusk when L. cornutus begins to actively forage for prey. Endogenous and circulating levels of 5-HT also did not significantly change at the four different time points, but clear patterns of upregulation of 5-HT synthesis enzymes as well as some receptor transcripts were upregulated during the day when L. cornutus would be mostly inactive in its retreat. Lastly, monoamine oxidase, a major catabolic enzyme of monoamines in vertebrates and some invertebrates, was identified in L. cornutus and exhibited substrate specificity for OA compared to 5-HT. Together with the higher enzymatic activity at mid-day compared to dusk, MAO appears to be playing a significant role in regulating the OA and 5-HT signaling in L. cornutus. In conclusion, these results allow a unique preliminary perspective on how OA and 5-HT are influencing the diel shifts in aggression-related behaviors in an ecologically dynamic arthropod.

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Jawor, Jodie M. "Aggressive interactions and behaviors in house sparrow (Passer domesticus) flocks." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1117106.

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This study addressed aggressive interactions, and some of the behaviors associated with them, in House Sparrow flocks. The evidence suggests that females are the consistently dominant sex, which does not concur with the current idea of alternating dominance in House Sparrows. Another purpose of this study was to determine if predictions concerning the type of interaction and level of aggression displayed could be made for interacting House Sparrows. I feel that accurate predictions can be made when several factors are taken into account: time of year, sex, and the age of birds at the food resource. In this study adult female House Sparrows dominated males from fall through spring, even when males increased their rate of initiating interactions during winter. Across all interaction types, mid-level aggression was used most often and only in male intrasexual interactions was high-level aggression more common than expected. Juvenile birds, mainly males, change flock dynamics in the fall by eliciting aggressive interactions.
Department of Biology

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Porto, Morgana Maria Fonseca. "Intraguild interactions between the predatory mites Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus macropilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11825.

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Submitted by Nathália Faria da Silva (nathaliafsilva.ufv@gmail.com) on 2017-10-02T13:10:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 635809 bytes, checksum: e37d831054d0f79444a7bba9655025d9 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-02T13:10:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 635809 bytes, checksum: e37d831054d0f79444a7bba9655025d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-08
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Os ácaros predadores são comumente usados como agentes de controle biológico e as espécies Phytoseiulus macropilis e Neoseiulus californicus têm sido consideradas para serem liberadas em conjunto para controlar uma importante praga, o ácaro rajado Tetranychus urticae. Porque predadores que interagem podem interferir uns com os outros, um passo importante para a liberação bem-sucedida de múltiplos predadores em programas de controle biológico requer determinar como os predadores respondem à presença uns dos outros e se eles estão envolvidos em interações intraguilda. Diante disso, inicialmente, foi investigado se esses dois ácaros predadores evitam a presença um do outro. Sabe-se que predadores e parasitoides podem usar voláteis associados à presença de espécies competidoras quando forrageiam por áreas com presas ou hospedeiros. Portanto, foi analisado se as duas espécies de predadores usam substâncias voláteis que emanam de plantas com presas e heteroespecíficos para evitar locais de presa com a outra espécie de predador. Além disso, foi avaliado se esses predadores interagem através da predação intraguilda, em que predadores competidores matam e comem-se uns aos outros. No entanto, como não há consenso em relação aos critérios para avaliar a ocorrência de tal interação, primeiro foi explorado os critérios existentes e então foi sugerido diretrizes para o desenho de experimentos. Com base nessas diretrizes, foi investigado tanto a capacidade de P. macropilis e N. californicus para matar os estágios da outra espécie como a capacidade de se beneficiar alimentando-se destes estágios, ambos pré-requisitos para a ocorrência de predação intraguilda. As descobertas mais importantes sobre as possíveis interações entre esses predadores são que nenhum dos predadores usou voláteis para evitar locais de presas ocupadas pelos heterospecíficos. No entanto, eles se envolveram em predação intraguilda recíproca. Além disso, foi mostrado que a ontogenia claramente desempenhou um papel crítico na determinação da ocorrência de predação intraguilda dentro deste sistema de predadores. Foi discutido as possíveis explicações para não se evitar os odores produzidos e a interação entre estágios ontogênicos e interações intraguilda.
Predatory mites are commonly used as biological control agents and the species Phytoseiulus macropilis and Neoseiulus californicus have been considered to be released together to control an important pest, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Because interacting predators may interfere with each other, an important step towards the implementation of successful release of multiple predators in biological control programs requires to resolve how predators respond to the presence of each other and whether they are involved in intraguild interactions. Given this, initially, I investigated whether these two predatory mites avoid the presence of each other. It is known that predators and parasitoids can use volatiles associated with the presence of competing species when foraging for patches with prey or hosts. I therefore investigated whether the two predator species use volatiles emanating from plants with prey and heterospecifics to avoid prey patches with the other predator species. Furthermore, I assessed whether these predators interact trough intraguild predation, in which competing predators also kill and eat each other. However, because there is no consensus regarding criteria to evaluate the occurrence of such interaction, I first explored existing criteria and suggested guidelines for the design of experiments. Based on these guidelines, I subsequently evaluated both the capacity of P. macropilis and N. californicus to kill stages of the other species and the capacity to benefit from feeding on these stages, both prerequisites for the occurrence of intraguild predation. The most important findings regarding the possible interactions among these predators are that neither of the predators used volatiles to avoid prey patches occupied by the heterospecific predators. However, they did engage in reciprocal intraguild predation. Moreover, I show that ontogeny clearly played a critical role in determining the occurrence of intraguild predation within this predator system. I discuss the possible explanations for the lack of odour-mediated avoidance and the interplay between ontogenetic stages and intraguild interactions.

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Lourenço, Rui Nascimento Fazenda. "Predatory interactions among vertebrate top predators superpredation and intraguild predation by large raptors." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14789.

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Nesta tese estudaram-se as interacções predatórias entre vertebrados predadores de topo (predação intraguilda e superpredação), utilizando quatro aves de rapina de grande porte como modelos de superpredadores: Bufo-real, Açor, Águia-real, e Águia de Bonelli. A superpredação em aves de rapina é um fenómeno abrangente, que pode variar entre espécies, e mais frequente em paisagens mais humanizadas. Os meso-predadores não são recursos energeticamente relevantes para as aves de rapina, e o seu consumo está associado à diversificação da dieta resultante da diminuição das presas habituais. A eliminação de competidores e potenciais predadores são outros factores que podem aumentar a frequência da superpredação. O aumento da percentagem de meso-predadores na dieta está associado a menor sucesso reprodutor e maiores níveis de acumulação de mercúrio nas aves de rapina. O risco de predação pode levar um meso-predador (Coruja-do-mato) a diminuir a sua actividade vocal de modo a estar menos exposto ao predador intraguilda; ABSTRACT: This thesis analyses predatory interactions among vertebrate top predadores (intraguild predation and superpredation), using four large raptors as superpredator models: eagle owl, goshawk, golden eagle and Bonelli's eagle. Superpredation in raptors is a widespread phenomenon, that can vary between species, and that is more frequent in human-altered landscapes. Mesopredators are not energetically relevant resources for raptors, and their consumption is related to diet diversification as a result of the decline of staple prey. Competitor and predator removal are additional factors that can cause an increase in superpredation rates. The increase of mesopredators in the diet of raptors is associated to lower breeding success and higher levels of mercury contamination. Predation risk can drive a mesopredator (tawny owl) to reduce its vocal activity in order to be less exposed to its intraguild predator.

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Crawford, N. Lynn. "The emotional responses of aggressive and withdrawn preschoolers to peer interactions." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41564.

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The emotions of aggressive and withdrawn children were examined in object-conflict and group-entry situations. Izard's (1977) differential theory of emotion suggests that aggressive children should have more hostile emotions, and withdrawn children more depressive emotions. Wright and Mischel's (1987) conditional approach to dispositional constructs suggests that aggressive children's hostility would be most evident during object-conflict, and withdrawn children's depressive responses most evident during group entry. Four- and 5-year-old boys and girls (N = 128) were assigned to aggressive, withdrawn, or control groups according to teachers' behaviour ratings. Interviews about children's emotional experiences in hypothetical object-conflict and group-entry situations failed to yield predicted group and situation differences. However, during semi-structured object-conflict and group-entry situations, aggressive children displayed more intense anger and more frequent anger blends, while withdrawn children were observed to show more intense sadness and more frequent fear-sadness blends. Displays of negative affect were related in theoretically meaningful ways to patterns of children's social behaviour. Failure to find situational specificity suggests that affective features of children's social competence may operate at a general level.

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Seccareccia, Ivana [Verfasser], Markus [Gutachter] Nett, Gabriele Gutachter] Diekert, and Elke [Gutachter] [Dittmann. "Unraveling predatory-prey interactions between bacteria / Ivana Seccareccia ; Gutachter: Markus Nett, Gabriele Diekert, Elke Dittmann." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1177611481/34.

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Books on the topic "Predatory and aggressive interactions"

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Wyoming. Game and Fish Department. Guidelines and reference for managing aggressive wildlife/human interactions. Cheyenne?, Wyo.]: Wyoming Game & Fish Dept., 2012.

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Elkin, Che Miguel. Effects of habitat complexity and aggressive interactions on predation risk of larval damselflies (ischnura verticalis). Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1998.

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Brugal, Jean-Philip, editor of compilation, Gardeisen, Armelle, editor of compilation, Zucker, Arnaud, editor of compilation, Centre d'études Préhistoire-Antiquité-Moyen Âge, and Antibes (France), eds. Prédateurs dans tous leurs états: Évolution, biodiversité, interactions, mythes, symboles : actes des rencontres, 21-23 octobre 2010. Antibes: Éditions APDCA, 2011.

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Dicke, Marcel. Infochemicals in tritrophic interactions: Origin and function in a system consisting of predatory mites, phytophagous mites and their host plants. [S.l: s.n., 1988.

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Bundy, Alida. A mass balance model of the Newfoundland-Labrador shelf. St. John's, Nfld: Science, Oceans and Environment Branch, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 2000.

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Dave, Moody, and Wyoming. Game and Fish Dept., eds. Protocol for managing aggressive wildlife/human interactions. [Cheyenne?, Wyo.]: Wyoming Game and Fish Dept., 1999.

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(Editor), Pedro Barbosa, and Ignacio Castellanos (Editor), eds. Ecology of Predator-Prey Interactions. Oxford University Press, USA, 2005.

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1944-, Barbosa Pedro, and Castellanos Ignacio, eds. Ecology of predator-prey interactions. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

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(Editor), Jacques Brodeur, and Guy Boivin (Editor), eds. Trophic and Guild Interactions in Biological Control (Progress in Biological Control). Springer, 2006.

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Trestman, Robert L. Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0048.

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Managing aggression is a challenge for psychiatry in all settings. Recognizing opportunities for appropriate assessment and intervention in correctional settings is an important component of correctional psychiatry. Studies reflect significant risks of violence for both correctional officers and inmates. Although prison homicides occur at rates below estimated community homicide rates, the rate of non-lethal violence is substantial. The data for assault are less clear, as definitions of what constitutes assault vary. Inmate-on-inmate assault has been estimated to range from 2 per 1000 inmates to as high as 200 per 1000 inmates. However assault is defined, correctional officers who have been the target of offender violence have elevated risk of emotional exhaustion and burnout. Effectively addressing aggression requires a thoughtful and comprehensive approach that may incorporate elements of environmental management, evaluation of potential motivating factors, differential diagnosis, and a coordinated intervention. This always involves includes effective communication among stakeholders including the patient. Recommended milieu changes and psychotherapeutic and / or pharmacologic interventions need to be explicitly defined; available data are described in this chapter. Consistent oversight and follow up to measure the effects of each component of the intervention(s) is critical, as aggressive behavior may be both habitual and episodic. This chapter reviews the factors that contribute to the broad range of assaultive behavior observed in correctional settings, and some of the pragmatic issues and opportunities for assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of aggressive behaviors, both impulsive and predatory.

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Book chapters on the topic "Predatory and aggressive interactions"

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Furness, Eleanor, David E. Whitworth, and Allison Zwarycz. "Predatory Interactions Between Myxobacteria and Their Prey." In The Ecology of Predation at the Microscale, 1–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45599-6_1.

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Denison, M. Elena, Alfonso Paredes, and Jenia Bober Booth. "Alcohol and Cocaine Interactions and Aggressive Behaviors." In Recent Developments in Alcoholism, 283–303. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47141-8_15.

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Persson, L. "Asymmetries in Competitive and Predatory Interactions in Fish Populations." In Size-Structured Populations, 203–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74001-5_14.

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Wilson, Robbie S., and Michael J. Angilletta Jr. "Dishonest Signaling During Aggressive Interactions: Theory and Empirical Evidence." In Animal Signaling and Function, 205–27. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118966624.ch8.

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Pozzebon, Alberto, and Carlo Duso. "Pesticide side-effects on predatory mites: the role of trophic interactions." In Trends in Acarology, 465–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9837-5_77.

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Morrison, Thomas R., and Richard H. Melloni. "The Role of Serotonin, Vasopressin, and Serotonin/Vasopressin Interactions in Aggressive Behavior." In Neuroscience of Aggression, 189–228. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7854_2014_283.

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Zunic Kosi, Alenka, and Andrej Cokl. "Chapter 3 Predatory Stink Bugs (Asopinae) and the Role of Substrate-borne VibrationalSignals in Intra- and Interspecific Interactions." In Stink Bugs, 59–77. 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120713-4.

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Kumar, Ram, and T. Ramakrishna Rao. "Effect of the cyclopoid copepod Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides on the interactions between the predatory rotifer Asplanchna intermedia and its prey Brachionus calyciflorus and B. angularis." In Copepoda: Developments in Ecology, Biology and Systematics, 261–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47537-5_21.

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Pierotti, Raymond, and Brandy R. Fogg. "Living Well with Wolves and Dogs." In The First Domestication. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300226164.003.0012.

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This chapter discusses the bonds and relationships that exist between humans and different types of canids. A crucial point is that the social bond between humans and wolves that changed into domestic dogs is the source of both major pleasures and major conflicts between humans and their canid companions. Large domestic dogs have the anatomy of serious predators combined with a confidence in their interactions with humans that can lead to aggression and grave conflict. In contrast, wolves and high-percentage crosses between wolves and dogs tend to be timid, retreating when faced with unfamiliar humans. The chapter then addresses the “danger” presented by various breeds, including wolves and wolf-dogs, and challenges a number of points of received thinking, including the notion of the equivalency of “wild” and “dangerous.” A major aspect of the “danger” from a canid is associated with size above all else, which is to be expected in dealing with large predatory animals.

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Lazonick, William, and Jang-Sup Shin. "The Value-Extracting Outsiders." In Predatory Value Extraction, 127–55. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846772.003.0006.

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This chapter exposes a particularly aggressive species of activist shareholder, hedge-fund activists, who are ready to take advantage of changes in proxy-voting and engagement rules to enhance their value-extracting power and to build private “war chests” that serve to enhance their value-extracting power even more. It examines the evolution and the current state of hedge-fund activism. After explaining this phenomenon’s origin and expansion, it investigates in particular Carl Icahn’s transition from the most representative corporate raider to one of the most “successful” hedge-fund activists in order to delineate vividly the characteristics and methods of the new value-extracting outsiders. It also examines how “co-investments” between hedge-fund activists and institutional investors are carried out.

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Conference papers on the topic "Predatory and aggressive interactions"

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Yano, Shuichi. "Predator-prey interactions among mites in open environment II: Further interactions between spider mite and predatory mite offspring." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113434.

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Alhaddad, Ahmad Yaser, John-John Cabibihan, and Andrea Bonarini. "Recognition of Aggressive Interactions of Children Toward Robotic Toys." In 2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ro-man46459.2019.8956375.

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Johnson, I., D. Perchy, and Huinan Liu. "Interactions between aggressive ions and the surface of a magnesium-yttrium alloy." In 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6347281.

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Niño-Domínguez, Alicia. "Coexistence of two aggressive species of pine bark beetle,Dendroctonus frontalisandD. mesoamericanus, in Chiapas, Mexico: Interactions and their influence on host colonization." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95053.

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Bahrami, Amir, Yanhui Zhang, and Peter Tubby. "Effects of Microstructure and Hydrogen Charging on Fatigue Performance of Duplex and Superduplex Stainless Steels." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49130.

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Steel Catenary Risers (SCRs) are a viable solution for production and export of offshore hydrocarbons in many deepwater developments. In addition to exposure to seawater from the outside, the pipes and their girth welds in an SCR are often exposed to aggressive environments on the inside surfaces due to the produced fluids. The fatigue life of pipe girth welds in aggressive environments is dependent on the material-environment interactions. Duplex and superduplex stainless steels are particularly good candidate materials for construction of corrosion resistant steel centenary risers. However, these steels have shown susceptibility to hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC) when in seawater and under cathodic protection (CP). In addition there is very little published knowledge related to their sour service performance under fatigue loading. This paper provides new fatigue endurance data for superduplex riser girth welds tested in air, seawater with CP and sour environment. It further compares the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) in the same welded material in air and sour environment. Finally preliminary results of investigations made on the effect of frequency, microstructure and grain coarseness on FCGR in parent superduplex and duplex materials in seawater and under cathodic protection are presented.

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Gamboa, Erwin, and Luke Zadow. "Tomography of Inclined SCC Cracks in Australian Gas Pipelines." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90363.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) in pipeline steel occurs when an aggressive environment and tensile stresses act on a susceptible microstructure. Typically, SCC in gas pipelines tends to travel perpendicular to the hoop stresses in the through wall direction. Studies conducted on the TransCanada pipeline where a rupture had occurred revealed the incidence of SCC cracks whose crack path deviated at an angle from the normal. These inclined cracks have also been found in a pipeline in Australia which has lead to an increased need to better understand inclined SCC. This paper, based on the Australian pipeline, investigates the incidence rate, morphology, and observed interactions of inclined SCC in the Australian pipe.

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Patel, Prehit, and George J. Nelson. "The Influence of Structure on the Electrochemical and Thermal Response of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes." In ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2019-3926.

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Abstract The continued advancement of lithium ion batteries for transportation applications requires addressing two key challenges: increasing energy density and providing fast charging capabilities. The first of these challenges can be met in part through the use of thicker electrodes, which reduce the electrochemically inactive mass of the cell. However, implementation of thick electrodes inherently presents a trade-off with respect to fast charging capabilities. As thickness is increased, transport limitations exert greater influence on battery performance and reduce the ability of the battery to meet aggressive charge conditions. This trade-off can manifest over multiple length scales. At the particle-scale, interactions between solid diffusion and reaction kinetics influence the effective storage of lithium within the active material. At the electrode scale, diffusion limitations can lead to local variations in salt concentrations and electric potential. These short-range and long-range effects can combine to influence local current and heat generation. In the present work, a pseudo-2D lithium ion battery model is applied to understand how active material particle size, porosity, and electrode thickness impact local field variables, current, heat generation, and cell capacity within a single cell stack. COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2 is used to implement the pseudo-2D model of a lithium ion battery consisting of a graphite negative electrode, polymer separator, and lithium transition metal oxide positive electrode. Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in 1:1 ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethylene carbonate (DEC) was used as the electrolyte. The model was built assuming that the active particles are representative spherical particles. The governing equations and boundary conditions were set following the common Newman model. Cell response under varied combinations of charge and discharge cycling is assessed for rates of 1C and 5C. Aggressive charge and discharge conditions lead to locally elevated C-rates and attendant increases in local heat generation. These variations can be impacted in part by tailoring electrode structures. To this end, results for parametric studies of active material particle size, porosity, and electrode thickness are presented and discussed.

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Verma, Ishan, Laith Zori, Jaydeep Basani, and Samir Rida. "Modeling of Combustor and Turbine Vane Interaction." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90325.

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Abstract Modern aero-engines are characterized by compact components (fan, compressor, combustor, and turbine). Such proximity creates a complex interaction between the components and poses a modeling challenge due to the difficulties in identifying a clear interface between components since they are usually modeled separately. From a numerical point of view, the simulation of a complex compact aero-engine system requires interaction between these individual components, especially the combustor-turbine interaction. The combustor is characterized by a subsonic chemically reacting and swirling flow while the high-pressure turbine (HPT) stage has flow which is transonic. Furthermore, the simulation of combustor-turbine interactions is more challenging due to aggressive flow conditions such as non-uniform temperature, non-uniform total-pressure, strong swirl, and high turbulence intensity. The simulation of aero-engines, where combustor-turbine interactions are important, requires a methodology that can be used in a real engine framework while ensuring numerical requirements of accuracy and stability. Conventionally, such a simulation is carried out using one of the two approaches: a combined simulation (or joint-simulation) of the combustor and the HPT geometries, or a co-simulation between the combustor and the turbine with the exchange of boundary conditions between these two separate domains. The primary objective of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the joint simulation versus the co-simulation and propose a more practical approach for modeling combustor and turbine interactions. First, a detailed grid independence study with hexahedral and polyhedral meshes is performed to select the required polyhedral mesh. Then, an optimal location of the interface between the combustor and the nozzle guide vane (NGV) is identified. Co-simulations are then performed by exchanging information between the combustor and the NGV at the interface, wherein the combustor is solved using LES while the NGV is solved using RANS. The joint combustor-NGV simulations are solved using LES. The effect of the combustor-NGV interaction on the flow field and hot streak migration is analyzed. The results suggest that the joint simulation is computationally efficient and more accurate since both components are modelled together.

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Steinbrück, Martin. "Influence of Boron Carbide on Core Degradation During Severe Accidents in LWRs." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54026.

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Boron carbide (B4C) is widely used as neutron absorbing control rod material in light water reactors (LWRs). It was also applied in all units of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. Although the melting temperature of B4C is 2450 °C, it initiates local, but significant melt formation in the core at temperatures around 1250 °C due to eutectic interactions with the surrounding steel structures. The B4C containing melt relocates and hence transports material and energy to lower parts of the fuel bundle. It is chemically aggressive and may attack other structure materials. Furthermore, the absorber melt is oxidized by steam very rapidly and thus contributes to the hydrogen source term in the early phase of a severe accident. After failure of the control rod cladding B4C reacts with the oxidizing atmosphere. This reaction produces CO, CO2, boron oxide and boric acids, as well as significant amount of hydrogen. It is strongly exothermic, thus causing considerable release of energy. No or only insignificant formation of methane was observed in all experiments with boron carbide. The paper will summarize the current knowledge on boron carbide behavior during severe accidents, and will try, also in the light of the Fukushima accidents, to draw some common conclusions on the behavior of B4C during severe accidents with the main focus on the consequences for core degradation and hydrogen source term.

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Alqefl, Mahmood H., Kedar P. Nawathe, Pingting Chen, Rui Zhu, Yong W. Kim, and Terrence W. Simon. "Effects of Endwall Film Coolant Flow Rate on Secondary Flows and Coolant Mixing in a First Stage Nozzle Guide Vane." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15746.

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Abstract Modern gas turbines are subjected to very high thermal loading. This leads to a need for aggressive cooling to protect components from damage. Endwalls are particularly challenging to cool due to a complex system of secondary flows near them that wash and disrupt the protective coolant films. This highly three-dimensional flow not only affects but is also affected by the momentum of film cooling flows, whether injected just upstream of the passage to intentionally cool the endwall, or as combustor cooling flows injected further upstream in the engine. This complex interaction between the different cooling flows and passage aerodynamics has been recently studied in a first stage nozzle guide vane. The present paper presents a detailed study on the sensitivity of aero-thermal interactions to endwall film cooling MFR (cooling mass flow to mainstream flow ratio). The test section represents a first stage nozzle guide vane with a contoured endwall and endwall film cooling injected just upstream of it. The test section also includes an engine-representative combustor-turbine interface geometry with combustor cooling flows injected at a constant rate. The approach flow conditions represent flow exiting a low-NOx combustor. Adiabatic surface thermal measurements and in-passage velocity and thermal field measurements are presented and discussed. The results show the dynamics of passage vortex suppression and the increase of impingement vortex strength as MFR changes. The effects of these changes of secondary flows on coolant distribution are presented.

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