Academic literature on the topic 'Predatory crimes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Predatory crimes"
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Farabee, David, Vandana Joshi, and M. Douglas Anglin. "Addiction Careers and Criminal Specialization." Crime & Delinquency 47, no. 2 (April 2001): 196–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128701047002003.
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For many drug users, the initiation of drug use and the subsequent transition to an addiction career is accompanied by criminal activities. However, the use of general crime and drug use categories often obscures important features of their relationship. In the present study, data from the national Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies sample of 7,189 clients in substance abuse treatment were analyzed to explore the relationships between several addiction career variables and the likelihood of lifetime participation in predatory, victimless, and nonspecialized criminal behaviors. The order of initiation of addiction and criminal careers was significantly related to participation in certain types of crimes, with those beginning criminal careers after beginning their addiction careers being more likely to engage exclusively in victimless than in predatory crimes. Likewise, dependence on cocaine, heroin, or both, relative to alcohol, was associated with greater criminal diversity but a reduced likelihood of participating specifically in predatory crimes.
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Fucà, Romina, and Serena Cubico. "CuRbanIsME: A Photographic Self-Analysis to Evaluate the Likelihood of the Occurrence of Predatory Crimes in Downtown Hamburg." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 7859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197859.
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In this study, a triangulation of (a) spatial data, (b) self-awareness, and (c) behavioral self-analysis seeks to provide an explanation from an innovative perspective for the likelihood of the occurrence of predatory crimes in the city center. This study does not examine the circumstances in which criminal acts occur. Instead, it focuses on a broader concept that combines both the configurational factors and the behavioral interconnections in which criminal acts occur. We orient the occurrence probability of crime towards appropriate objectives in the presence or absence of attractors/detractors, with interesting variation in the behavior of the acting subject—in our case, a random walker (also called the Random Movement–displacement Agent, or RDMA, in the text), which is the key variable that triggers the occurrence probability of predatory crimes. The relationship between spatial and/or behavioral observations and the probability of the crimes that may result from such observations is limited in this text to “predatory crimes,” which are the most common and light forms of crimes that endanger both human quality of life and the related safety in the city. Such crimes include theft, damage (specifically crime against public property and all similar offensive acts, such as littering and incivility), physical attacks (restrained to attempted violence against defenseless people), robberies, and car thefts (i.e., the most frequent crimes in urban areas). The theory of complexity, specifically as illustrated by the in-depth work of the 20th century German sociologist Niklas Luhmann, also suggests the importance of self-analysis in specific contexts to construct a mosaic of social phenomena. We conducted both a behavioral self-survey and a metric-based self-analysis by measuring random walks (RWs) to achieve some common behaviors—for example, buying food, shopping, or just looking at shop windows—on the streets of downtown Hamburg, Germany. RWs are used in our article to indicate random walks in the city center and any activities that may arise from them, such as protecting oneself from potentially hostile contexts, seeking information, or conforming oneself to official signals and customs. The hundreds of images taken by us in October 2019 during their RWs in Hamburg form a reservoir of our pictures, with the aim of showing the acceptable patterns of random movements–displacements that emerge. This method was primarily discursive but based on the ongoing search for a transformative conduit of behaviors that were intuitively established and observable for us but actually involved a complex process of imaginative ideation that was impossible to promote and pass on to the reader.
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Martin, Karen E., and James N. Maples. "Guardianship and Predatory Crimes among Incapacitated Persons in Kentucky." Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work 16, no. 1 (November 14, 2018): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23761407.2018.1545619.
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Greer, Benjamin Thomas, Grace Cotulla, and Halleh Seddighzadeh. "Should sex traffickers be subject to sexually violent predator laws?" Journal of Criminal Psychology 6, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-03-2016-0008.
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Purpose Protecting society from sex offenders has presented a challenge for state legislatures. Recent decades have seen a significant increase in sexually motivated crimes, especially sex trafficking. Effectively combatting sexual exploitation demands a range of legal strategies. As of 2012, 20 states have passed sexually violent predators (SVP) legislation. Human traffickers may exhibit the same deplorable characteristics as SVPs and should be subject to civil commitments. Traffickers are extremely skilled at exploiting their victim’s psychological pressure-points; knowing which cultural or personal experiences they can prey upon to extract compliance. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the overlapping predatory nature of sex traffickers and SVPs; the creation and purpose of sexual predator civil commitment statutes; and to dissect two cases which could give grounds for civil commitment. Design/methodology/approach Legal research and analysis. Findings Repeated human sex traffickers may suffer from an underlying mental illness which would render them a continued danger to society when released from jail. They should be evaluated and civility committed if medically appropriate. Practical implications A potential increase in civil commits. Social implications Keep society safe from repeat sexual predators. Originality/value The authors have vast experience in the field of human trafficking and this topic will be a pioneering initial discussion.
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Oikya, Upal Aditya. "Wartime Sexual Acts as Prosecutable War Crimes." DÍKÉ 2020, no. 2 (March 11, 2021): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/dike.2020.04.02.08.
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Human history is littered with the mass rape of women particularly as a military strategy in warfare, dating back centuries from ancient Greek, Roman, and Hebrew concubines through the Middle Ages to the 20th century ‘comfort women’ of the 2nd World War. Ancient literature explicitly refers to rape or the seizure of vanquished women, who were regarded as the enemy’s property, to become wives, servants slaves, or concubines. The plight of women worsened in the twentieth century when civilian women suffered the most consequences of armed conflicts including rape. Rape served as an oppressive and humiliating tool to severe family identity to dominate, demoralize, and destroy the entire enemy society and way of life. In the past, there appeared to be no international law that specifically dealt with rape in armed conflicts. This was caused by the ambivalent relationship between the law of armed conflict and gender-based crimes. Rape was overlooked as an unfortunate yet inevitable by-product of war. Both international humanitarian and human rights laws did not initially recognize rape as a serious war crime and a fundamental breach of human rights. This deafening legal silence and gap are being addressed through an ongoing evolutionary process by criminalizing wartime predatory sexual acts as a war crime, crimes against humanity, and even genocide. However, with the developments of international law and its practice, for the first time in the history, mass rape and sexual enslavement in the time of war be regarded as ‘crimes against humanity’ in a landmark ruling from the Yugoslav War crime tribunal in the Hague on 22 February 2001. But, even before that, some prior legal instruments for example the Lieber Code, promulgated during the American Civil War regarded [wartime] rape as war crime with capital punishment. Thus, this paper aims to analyze how the historical legal instruments have articulated the extend of criminality and culpability of wartime rapes and other sexual violence and their nexus with crimes of humanity, genocide, and war crimes within the corpus of international norms and criminal prohibitions as well as the historical development of wartime sexual acts as prosecutable war crimes.
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Sacchini, Giovanni. "Reati e percezione della criminalitŕ nella zona di residenza: indifferenza o convergenza?" SOCIOLOGIA E RICERCA SOCIALE, no. 88 (December 2009): 45–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sr2009-088003.
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- According to a common conception - among researchers as well - there is no apparent relation between crime perception (or insecurity) indicated in surveys and the crime trend (indicated by the police force), since the perception seems to be influenced above all by what mass-media conveys. Literature indicates two dimensions of crime perception: social concern about criminality and personal fear of the phenomenon. However resorting to a useful empirical indicator, a third dimension may be contemplated between these two: the evaluation of criminality in the residence area. This article considers data that refers to the twenty Italian regions, collected by the National Institution for Statistics - Istat, regarding the Multipurpose Survey on Families. It describes the strong correlation existing between criminality perception in the residence area and the diffusion of certain kinds of predatory crimes, in particular those in which there is a strong author-victim interaction (robbery and bag-snatching) and those in which crime authors are interested in citizens' relevant economical and symbolic goods (houses or cars).
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Koltsov, Mikhail. "On the issue of some problems of punishment for committing environmental crimes." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 15 (2020): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2020-4-15-348-355.
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The relevance of this work is determined by the fact that that it addresses the problem of punishment for environmental crimes, which provide for criminal liability for the predatory destruction of flora and fauna, depletion of natural resources. We establish that the humanization of criminal liability, carried out in previous years, negatively affects the deterioration of the environmental situation, therefore, the legislator in 2018 and 2019 took certain measures to supplement and change certain provisions of Chapter 26 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. We analyze the possibility of increasing the role of current domestic criminal law provisions designed to solve the problems of protecting the environment from illegal human actions. We note that the implementation of the most effective modern criminal law policy of the state in the analyzed relations requires the solution of such problems as the inclusion in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of new clauses on responsibility for socially dangerous human behavior in the field of ecology, a significant increase in sanctions if the clause for an environmental crime already exists, the transfer of some environmental crimes from a less serious category to a more serious category, and others.
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Alvarez, Alexander. "Adjusting to Genocide: The Techniques of Neutralization and the Holocaust." Social Science History 21, no. 2 (1997): 139–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017697.
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In recent years, as social scientists questioned the intellectual boundaries set by customary perceptions of criminality, their discourse expanded to incorporate more than purely legalistic definitions of crime. In addition to conventional street crimes, some scholars began examining both interpersonal and collective actions and behaviors that were once considered to be outside the scope of commonly accepted definitions of criminality. For example, criminologists now study crime categorized as occupational (Albanese 1987; Cressey 1953; Green 1990; Hollinger and Clark 1983; Horning 1979; Nettler 1974; Tracy and Fox 1989), environmental (Block and Bernard 1988; Brady 1987; Stone 1987; Tallmer 1987), political (Barak 1994; Block 1989; Block and Chambliss 1981; Chambliss 1993; Quinney 1970; Schwendinger and Schwendinger 1970; Tunnell 1993; Turk 1969), and corporate (Clinard and Yeager 1980; Clinard et al. 1979; Coleman 1994; Reiman 1979; Sutherland 1949), using methodology and terminology once reserved for predatory street crime. This trend can be traced to the pioneering work of Thorsten Sellin (1938) and Edwin Sutherland (1940, 1949), who argued for broader, more inclusive definitions of criminality and less conventional approaches to the study of crime.
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Ramos Corchado, Félix Francisco, Alan Christian López Fraga, Rafael Salazar Salazar, Marco Antonio Ramos Corchado, and Ofelia Begovich Mendoza. "Cognitive Pervasive Service Composition Applied to Predatory Crime Deterrence." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041803.
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Pervasive service composition is useful in many scenarios, for instance, in urban planning or controlled harvest. Currently, there is no standard to develop solutions using pervasive service composition. However, big companies propose their frameworks to develop complex services, but their frameworks are appropriate in specific applications, such as home automation and agriculture. On the other hand, there are different very well-grounded academic proposals for pervasive service composition. However, these do not solve the problems of traditional approaches that are appropriate to specific areas of application, and adaptation is needed to deal with the dynamism of the environment. This article presents a cognitive approach for pervasive service composition where InfoCom devices and the implementation of cognitive functions interact to create pervasive composite services. Our central hypothesis is that cognitive theory can help solve actual problems requiring pervasive service composition, as it addresses the above-mentioned problems. To test our approach, in this article we present a case of urban insecurity. Specifically, in different countries, street robbery using firearms is one of the problems with a high impact because of its frequency. This article proposes to compose a pervasive service for deterring criminals from committing their crimes. The results obtained by simulating our proposal in our case study are promising. However, more research needs to be achieved before applying the proposed approach to actual problems. The research needed ought to address various problems, some of which are discussed in this article.
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Currie, Elliott. "Consciousness, Solidarity and Hope as Prevention and Rehabilitation." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 2, no. 2 (September 11, 2013): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v2i2.114.
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This paper grapples with the question of how progressive criminologists might approach working with people who have committed violent or predatory crimes, or are ‘at risk’ of doing so. Progressives have often been uneasy about ‘intervention’ with people who offend: but in the face of the destructiveness of violence, especially in some parts of the world, a posture of simple non-intervention won’t suffice. I suggest three central principles – which I call consciousness, solidarity and hope – that may guide us in developing ways of working with offenders that are both progressive and effective.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Predatory crimes"
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Milovic, Aleksandar, and Mladen Sadikovic. "RÅN OCH EDGES I MALMÖ." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26846.
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Denna uppsats innehåller en kvantitativ studie som syftar till att undersöka det kriminologiska fenomenet edges enligt Brantingham & Brantingham (1993). Edges är förklarade som en kriminogen miljö som attraherar ett högt antal predatory crimes (a.a.).Studien var utförd i en svensk kontext i staden Malmö, där nio centrala delområden inkluderades, bestående av totalt 218 gator: Gamla Staden, Lugnet, Möllevången, Norra Sofielund, Rådmansvången, Södervärn, Södra Sofielund, Västra Sorgenfri och Östra Sorgenfri. Antalet anmälda personrån under en treårsperiod (2013-2015) jämfördes med edges, bestående av de nämnda 218 gatorna som via observationer blivit indelade i tre kategorier (ingen edge, svag edge och skarp edge). Syftet med studien var att undersöka om där existerar ett signifikant samband mellan predatory crimes och edges.Resultaten visade att där finns ett svagt signifikant samband mellan antalet personrån och edges. Forskarna för studien upptäckte även att där kanske existerar ett samband mellan längden på en gata och huruvida gatan är en edge eller inte. Studiens slutsats är att mera vetenskaplig forskning rörande edges i en svensk kontext behövs i syfte att kunna fastställa ifall fenomenet är av vikt för svensk kriminologi.This paper contains a quantitative study which aims to examine the criminological phenomena edges according to Brantingham & Brantingham (1993). Edges are explained as a criminogenic environment, which attracts a high number of predatory crimes (a.a.).The study was performed in a Swedish context in the city of Malmö, including nine central districts consisting of a total of 218 streets: Gamla Staden, Lugnet, Möllevången, Norra Sofielund, Rådmansvången, Södervärn, Södra Sofielund, Västra Sorgenfri and Östra Sorgenfri. The number of reported person robberies during a three year period (2013-2015) were compared to edges, consisting of the mentioned 218 streets who trough observations were split into three categories of edges (no edge, weak edge and sharp edge). The aim with the study was to examine if there exists a significant relation between predatory crimes and edges.The results showed that there is an existing but weak significant relation between the number of reported person robberies and edges. The scientists of the study also discovered that there may exist a relation between the length of the streets and whether the streets are an edge or not. The conclusion from the study is that more scientific research concerning edges in a Swedish context is needed in aim to have the ability to conclude if the phenomena is of real importance for Swedish criminology.
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Silva, Patrícia Marlene Costa. "Percepções da população portuguesa acerca do comportamento predatório dos agressores sexuais." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3578.
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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia JurídicaNão obstante o aumento do volume de investigação acerca do comportamento predatório dos agressores sexuais, a maior parte destes estudos tende a negligenciar a componente geográfica deste processo. Além disso, o papel dos factores situacionais e ambientais é constantemente ignorado, comprometendo o entendimento do evento criminal como um todo. Consequentemente, torna-se imperativo para os investigadores focarem-se cada vez mais na análise do comportamento criminal, especificamente no que diz respeito à dimensão geográfica do crime. Por outro lado, a maioria dos estudos da área do profiling geográfico e do processo de tomada de decisão geográfica focam-se no ponto de vista do ofensor, analisando o processo ofensivo com base nos seus relatos. Este estudo pretende avaliar as percepções da população portuguesa relativamente ao comportamento predatório dos agressores sexuais, através de uma amostra de 300 indivíduos: estudantes do ensino secundário e do ensino superior, adultos com menos de 65 anos e acima dessa idade, psicólogos e agentes da PSP. Os resultados demonstram que a maior parte dos participantes possuiu uma visão enviesada do comportamento predatório destes ofensores, sendo que apenas o grupo dos agentes da PSP apresenta resultados mais concordantes com a realidade portuguesa. Os resultados deste estudo podem ser relevantes para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção e intervenção mais activas e ajustadas às especificidades dos diferentes grupos que compõem esta população. Despite the increase in research on the hunting behaviour of sexual predators, most studies tend to neglect the geographical component of this process. Thus, the role of situational and environmental factors is frequently overlooked, compromising the understanding of the criminal event as a whole. Therefore, is crucial for research to focus increasingly on the analysis of criminal behaviour, specifically in relation with the geographical dimension of crime. On the other hand, the majority of research in the geographical profiling and geographical decision-making process focuses on the offender’s point of view, analysing the offense process based on his reports. This study aims at assessing the Portuguese population’s perceptions regarding the hunting behaviour of sexual predators, by analysing a 300 participant’s sample: high school and university students, adults under 65 years old and above that age, psychologists and police officers. Results demonstrate that most of the participants have a biased view of the hunting behaviour of sex offenders. Only the police officer group contradicts this tendency. The outcome of this study may be of relevance in the development of better and more active prevention and intervention strategies, adjusted to the specificities of the different population groups.
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Aguiar, Bruno César da Terra. "Predatory lending in the global financial crisis of 2007/09 : a review of the literature." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17062.
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Mestrado em FinançasEsta dissertação é sobre falhas éticas na origem da crise financeira de 2007-2009 e coloca a principal ênfase num tema identificado como uma das causas dessa crise, nomeadamente os empréstimos predatórios. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar a influência dos empréstimos predatórios como causa para essa crise financeira e identificar o tipo de práticas que incluíram, para que estejamos alerta à sua repetição, de modo a evitar outra crise financeira pela repetição dos mesmos erros. Uso como metodologia uma meta-análise de documentos publicados desde 2004 sobre o assunto dos empréstimos predatórios, usando a base de dados Scopus como referência. Tento obter uma visão geral da produção científica neste tópico e verificar se os empréstimos predatórios foram uma causa relevante para a crise financeira de 2007-2009. Concluo que, apesar de não ter sido o fator mais relevante, desempenhou um importante papel ao alimentar uma máquina maior com muitas rodas que foi a grande causadora da crise. Com esta dissertação, espero dar um modesto contributo sobre os motivos da última grande crise financeira. Desta forma poderemos estar mais atentos na comparação da realidade atual com aquela que precedeu a crise financeira de 2007-2009 para evitar cometer os mesmos erros.
This dissertation is about ethical failures on the offspring of the financial crisis of 2007-2009 and puts its main emphasis on an issue identified as one of the causes of that crisis, namely predatory lending. The objective of this work is to determine the influences of predatory lending as a cause to that financial crisis and to identify the kind of practices it involved to be aware on their repetition, so as to avoid another financial crisis caused by repetition of the same mistakes. I use as methodology a meta-analysis of documents published since 2004 on the subject of predatory lending, using Scopus database as reference. I try to get an overview of the scientific production on this topic and verify if predatory lending was a relevant cause to the financial crisis of 2007-2009. I get to the conclusion that, despite not being the most relevant factor, it played an important role in feeding a many cogs' greater machine that ultimately caused the crisis. With this dissertation, I hope to give a modest contribution about what caused the latest great financial crisis. This way we can be more observant in comparing present reality with the one that preceded the financial crisis of 2007-2009 to avoid making the same mistakes.
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Jackson-Cruz, Elizabeth R. "Social Constructionism and Cultivation Theory in Development of the Juvenile “Super-Predator”." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7814.
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The myth of the “super-predator” offender was adopted by newspaper media in the mid-1990s characterizing “violent”, urban, and minority juvenile offenders. The phrase originated from newspaper headlines of the 1980s and 1990s, but limited research has identified whether this con-struct predated DiIulio and Fox’s crime surge prediction. This study sampled juvenile crime news items from The Chicago Tribune, The Los Angeles Times and The New York Times (N=2,008) 1985-1995 with defined search criteria of juvenile actors, “violent” juvenile crime, and/or juvenile drug crime. A descriptive analysis of the data determined reporting trends sought for a “period effect” caused by the publicity of the prediction and searched for the pre-existence of “super-predator” construct. Finally, a series χ2 test determined the statistical independence of “super-predator” offender, the victim, and crime characteristics, from variables of news article prominence. This study found support for identifiable trends in juvenile crime reporting, no identifiable “period effect” and mixed, but ultimately null findings, in pre-establishing the super-predator media construct. The χ2 test determined the statistical independence of “super-predator” offender, the victim, and crime characteristics, found some characteristics were statically independent of variables of article prominence, but that these relationships are weak.
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Kaur, Adarshprit. "Sexualbrott mot barn på internet Online förövares strategier för att utnyttja barn : - en litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-78281.
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Sexualbrott mot barn på internet har blivit ett världsproblem som ständigt växer. Med den nya teknologin som konstant utvecklas bildas även nya möjligheter för förövare att utnyttja barn på internet. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att få en ökad förståelse för hur förövare går tillväga för att utnyttja barn på internet samt vilka typer av sexualbrott mot barn som förekommer på internet. Studien inkluderade femton vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserats med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Analysen resulterade i fyra huvudkategorier; offentliga chattrum, strategi, fysiska möten, och typer av sexualbrott mot barn på internet samt åtta underkategorier; relation, utpressning, gromning, manipulation, undvika upptäckt barnpornografi, sexhandel och digitala mötesforum. Genom att skapa trovärdiga relationer, gromning, utpressning och manipulation utnyttjas barn till att begå sexuella aktiviteter som kan inkludera sex. Brottet börjar oftast med kommunikation genom offentliga chattrum som tillåter användare att kommunicera via direkta meddelande, ljud och videochatt. Samtalen utvecklas sedan till mer sexuella ämnen där förövaren använder olika strategier för att bland annat träffa barnet i verkligheten, få nakenbilder eller på andra sätt utnyttja barnet. Genom att försäkra sig om att barnet inte talat om för någon om deras relation säkrar de sin möjlighet att inte åka fast. Brottet kan ske på olika sätt dels genom våldtäkt, sexhandel och barnpornografi. Studien diskuterar de juridiska problem som kan uppstå med mätning av barnpornografi och definitionen av ett barn. Vidare bör framtida forskning fokusera på möjligheter att begränsa åtkomsten till exponerande material och webbsidor som tillåter vuxna individer att kommunicera med barn på ett sexuellt sätt.Sexual crimes against children on the internet are recognized as a serious and growing problem world-wide. With the new technology that is constantly evolving, new opportunities are being created for perpetrators to exploit children on the internet. The purpose with this systematic literature review was to gain an increased understanding of how perpetrators approach and abuse children on the internet and what types of sexual offenses against children that occur on the internet. The review included fifteen scientific papers analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. The analysis resulted in four main categories; public chat rooms, strategy, physical meetings, and types of sexual offenses against children on the internet, and eight subcategories; relationship, extortion, grooming, manipulation, avoid being discovered child pornography, sex trade and digital meeting forums. By creating credible relationships, grooming, extortion and manipulation, children are exploited to commit sexual activities that may include sex. The crime usually starts with communication through public chat rooms that allow users to communicate via direct message, audio and video chat. The conversation is then developed into more sexual subjects where the perpetrator uses different strategies to meet the child in reality, get nude pictures or in other ways utilize the child. By ensuring that the child has not spoken to someone about their relationship, they secure their opportunity not to get caught. The crime can be done in various ways, partly through rape, sex trafficking and child pornography. The study discusses the juridical problems that can occur with instruments measuring child pornography and the definition of a child. Future research should focus on opportunities to limit access to exposure materials and web pages that allow adult individuals to communicate with children with purpose of sexual interactions.
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Rego, Ximene. "A imagem predatória da cidade: uma etnografia urbana do medo." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/11037.
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Partindo do paradoxo da insegurança - a ausência de correspondência na variação entre a taxa da criminalidade e o medo do crime - foram conduzidas duas etnografias em contextos caracterizados por realidades criminais distintas: na rua de Baixo, Porto, e na praça Nove, Rio de Janeiro. Com base na hipótese predatória, presumia-se que a insegurança urbana estaria situada no plano da (re)construção permanente do indivíduo com os espaços e os atores implicados no seu quotidiano. Foram analisadas dimensões do discurso (in)securitário - as representações dos lugares tidos como perigosos, a relação que se vai elaborando entre centralidades e espaços intersticiais, a construção de um imaginário povoado de figuras da ameaça, indicadores da relação entre dinâmicas de exclusão e insegurança, bem como as práticas de que as pessoas se servem para se protegerem do crime. Concluiu-se que o medo determina as rotinas daquelas vizinhanças, perturbando os seus laços, embora o risco tenda a ser depositado além das fronteiras que as redes de interconhecimento circunscrevem. Certos dispositivos - o respeito, a confiança, a familiaridade, o compromisso, a cooperação - revelam-se fundamentais na elaboração da multiplicidade de sentidos de que a (in)segurança se reveste, bem como daquilo que é definido como crime. A pesquisa permitiu distinguir entre falas globais do medo, que decorrem da participação em comunidades discursivas abrangentes, e falas locais do medo, dependentes das condições mais concretas da localidade. A combinação de ambas permite vislumbrar, primeiro, como o medo vai sendo dito e vivido localmente e, finalmente, como a imagem predatória da cidade pode abrigar em si dinâmicas tão contraditórias como aquelas que pendulam entre a confiança e a suspeição mútua.An ethnographic research have been carried out in two distinct neighborhoods - rua de Baixo, in Porto, Portugal, and praça Nove, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; the purpose of which has been to reflect on the paradox of insecurity, the fact that there is a weak correspondence between the fear of crime and the actual incidence of crime. Based on the predatory hypothesis, it has been assumed that insecurity is situated in the permanent (re)construction of the individual's relations to the spaces traversed and actors encountered in their daily life. Certain dimensions contained within the discourse of (in)security have been analyzed, namely the representation of places seen as dangerous and the relationship between centers and interstitial spaces; the construction of an imaginary space filled with threatening figures; and the securitarian practices employed to organize daily life in a public space perceived as predatory. Although it was concluded that fear determines the daily routines of those neighborhoods, disturbing their internal bonds, the source of risk tends to be seen as originating beyond the bounds of the known and familiar. Certain characteristics, respect, confidence, familiarity, commitment, and cooperation, reveal themselves as fundamental to the elaboration of the multiplicity of meanings that are contained within (in)security. This research has made it possible to distinguish between different types of (in)security discourse, global "fear-talk" which takes place in discourse of broad overarching "communities," and local fear-talk which is dependent on more concrete conditions of the neighborhood. The combination of both gives insight into, firstly, how fear is spoken about and lived and, secondly, how the predatory image of the city can harbor within itself contradictory dynamics such as ones that range between mutual trust and mutual suspicion.
Books on the topic "Predatory crimes"
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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. Commerce Committee. Public hearing before Senate Commerce Committee: Predatory financial practices in New Jersey. Trenton, N.J. (State House Annex, PO Box 068, Trenton 06825-0068): The Committee, 2001.
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M, Kuehnel Julie, ed. Evil minds: Understanding and responding to violent predators. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Predatory crimes"
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Soederberg, Susanne. "Debtfarism, predatory lending and imaginary social orders." In Revisiting Crimes of the Powerful, 257–69. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Crimes of the powerful: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315212333-22.
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Kojouharov, Anton, and Atanas Rusev. "Sharks in Sheep’s Clothing: Modalities of Predatory and Illegal Lending in Bulgaria." In Studies of Organized Crime, 101–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31608-6_7.
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Reiss, David J. "Rating Agencies: Facilitators of Predatory Lending in the Subprime Market." In Lessons from the Financial Crisis, 191–96. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118266588.ch25.
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Raviv, Or. "Central Europe: Predatory Finance and the Financialization of the New European Periphery." In Power and Politics After Financial Crises, 168–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230235366_8.
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"“The Politics of Predatory Delay”:." In Carbon Criminals, Climate Crimes, 84–124. Rutgers University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvxw3p51.7.
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Farrall, Stephen, and Susanne Karstedt. "Moral Economy, Predatory Society." In Respectable Citizens - Shady Practices, 4–44. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595037.003.0002.
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This chapter takes us into the murky world of seeminglypetty crimes at work, dishonesty in paperwork, and cheating. These topics are often left at the margins of criminological thinking, theorizing, and enquiries, and this work is an attempt to bring these more fully into mainstream studies. This chapter relates our thinking and findings on this topic to the work of others in criminology and related fields. It introduces the reader to both the concept of economic morality and the notion of ‘crime in the marketplace’, as well as the history of research into white-collar crime. We describe the main topic of the research project on which the book is based, and the extent to which this has been ignored by previous generations of criminologists. The moral economy of the neo-liberal marketplace is outlined (drawing upon E.P. Thompson’s work), the research strategy is explained, and some of the key concepts later developed are discussed.
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Veratti, Daniele. "Victimology of Predatory Crimes and Prevention Techniques." In Handbook of Research on Trends and Issues in Crime Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Victim Support, 431–46. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1286-9.ch025.
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It is a well-known fact that the construction of insecurity is not directly proportional to either the crime rate nor to the violence of crime. It follows autonomous dynamics which are generally linked to psychological and communicative factors. The generation and production of fears are a result of a complex intermixing of exogenous and endogenous factors related to the individual perception of main social phenomena. The chapter, having examined the principal types of robbery and theft, will develop the crime-fear relationship with specific concern in regard to the issue of self-defence. The author will subsequently analyse the tools which favour the prevention of theft and crime, with particular attention to security policies, management of the urban space, types of informal social control, and primary-secondary victimization, paying particular attention to the construction process of collective fears and the new forms of segregation/social exclusion.
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"4. “The Politics of Predatory Delay”: Climate Crimes of Political Omission and Socially Organized Denial." In Carbon Criminals, Climate Crimes, 84–124. Rutgers University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9781978807648-005.
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Antony, Robert J. "Bandits, Brotherhoods, and Collective Crime." In Unruly People. Hong Kong University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888208951.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 closely examines criminal activities. Bandits engaged in a large variety of illegal activities. They formed predatory gangs to operate outside the law and used real and implied violence to prey upon and manipulate others. They became involved in what the Qing government regarded as serious crimes, such as robbery, theft, snatching, kidnapping, extortion, murder, and rape. Most of these crimes carried the death penalty. Some gangs, and in particular sworn brotherhoods, also became increasingly involved in organized forms of crime including prostitution, gambling, and opium smuggling. While banditry occurred everywhere in Guangdong, contrary to conventional wisdom, bandits and brotherhoods were most active in the core Canton delta and along major inland trade routes. The archival evidence strongly suggests an underlying economic, not political, basis for banditry and brotherhood activities in late imperial Guangdong.
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Antony, Robert J. "Introduction." In Unruly People. Hong Kong University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888208951.003.0001.
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The central concerns of this book are crime and law enforcement in Guangdong province in south China during the mid-Qing dynasty, roughly the years from 1760 to 1845. The author’s focus is on bandits, sworn brotherhoods, and local law enforcement. Specifically, this study is divided into three parts: one, preventive measures and protective strategies; two, crimes, criminals, and community; and three, state and local law enforcement. The first part addresses the interactions of state and local communities in developing protective measures against banditry. The second part analyzes the activities, composition, and organization of bandit gangs and sworn brotherhoods in Guangdong. The third part examines in detail the policies, especially the adoption and application of laws, employed by the Qing government for suppressing these criminal associations and curbing their activities. This study, therefore, focuses on collective predatory crime and the legal responses of the state to those crimes. My purpose is to fill a hiatus in the existing scholarship on Chinese social history by examining mid-Qing Guangdong through the perspective of crime and law enforcement.
Reports on the topic "Predatory crimes"
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Agarwal, Sumit, Gene Amromin, Itzhak Ben-David, Souphala Chomsisengphet, and Douglas Evanoff. Predatory Lending and the Subprime Crisis. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19550.
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