Academic literature on the topic 'Predicate adjective'
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Journal articles on the topic "Predicate adjective"
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Sharasulova, Shirin. "The Subject Of A Qualitative Device In The Sentence Acts As A Secondary Predicate Object In Uzbek Language." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 05 (2021): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/volume03issue05-84.
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Adjectives are one of the three characteristic forms of a verb, and this form imposes a second set of functions and properties on its verb function and properties. This situation requires special attention and special research on quality. An adjective can express itself in the text because it has its own subject, object, etc., that is, it can form its own syntactic device - predicate. He himself remains the predicate of this predicate. It is part of another simple sentence with the adjective and the predicate of this content. That is why we have chosen to dwell on the syntactic function and semantic side of the adjective, which is the adjective of the part of the adjectives in the Uzbek language. Accordingly, this paper examines the arrival and semantic-syntactic properties of the owner of a qualitative device as an object of secondary predication.
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Nam, Jeesun. "Sur Une Construction N0N1-Ita en Coreen." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 14, no. 2 (1990): 301–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.14.2.05nam.
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The purpose of this study is to describe a class of sentences containing a noun in -ita, which are equivalent to an adjectival predicate. This set of sentences is of the form N0 W N1-ita (where -ita can be translated as one of the uses of être in French). Indeed, for this type of sentence: Léa-nín motín il-e (yôlsông + pulman)-ita Léa-Top everything-Pc (passion + discontent)-ita (Léa is (passionate about + discontented with) everything) we observe that N1-ita answers to the question ôtôha-(how), and not to nuku(who)/muôs(what). Further, N1-ita allows for an indication of intensity or comparison, but N1 can take no modifiers. This kind of predicate, with a human subject (noted Nsp-ita), shares some fundamental properties with an adjectival predicate. From this point of view, it is different from other types of N -ita predicates, such as: Max-nîn (haksäng + honsu-sangthä)-ita Max-Top (student + coma-state)-ita (Max is (a student + in a coma)) i congi-nîn (semo-k'ol + pola-säk)-ita this paper-Top (triangle-form + violet-color)-ita This paper is of (triangular form + violet color)) The fact that Nsp-ita (like SC-cok-ita) resembles the derived adjectives N1-hata or N1-sîlôpta puts into question the current definition of -ita: if -ita, in Nsp-ita, is analyzed as a particle attached to a noun, we would have no adjective in -ita, but only nouns. Under the hypothesis of a support term (here, the adjective supporting the predicative noun), we whould have only the adjective (ita). Finally, if we analyze this kind of -ita as an adjectival suffix, the data Nsp-ita and SC-côk-ita would all make up the entire corpus of adjectives. We underline the fact that this problem is not a simple question of terminology when one is trying to set up a corpus of adjectives for constructing a lexicon-grammar, even though the present study is limited to the classification and description of the nouns that make up the predicate Nsp-ita.
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Vinogradova, Svetlana. "The Concept of the Relative Adjective." Prague Journal of English Studies 3, no. 1 (2014): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjes-2014-0018.
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Abstract This article aims to give a cognitive linguistic account of the dual nature of the concept of relative adjectives, and the specific character of their semantic processes. After a brief discussion of the adjectival character of the relative subclass, it will be argued that denominal relative adjectives belong to the class of predicate words (i.e., words denoting property and hence forming a predicate concept), while retaining, on the other hand, the substantive nature of the basic noun’s concept. Further, two subclasses of relative adjectives are contrasted in view of their cognitive processes: substancepredicate, denoting a certain substance of which an object is made, and argumentpredicate, denoting an object the relation to which becomes a property of another object. The substance-predicate group of relative adjectives will be analyzed as having the properties of qualitative adjectives, as they clarify their meanings in discourse due to the operation of profiling the landmark properties on the base of the trajector of the described object. On the other hand, the conceptual entity of argument-predicate relative adjectives can be described by means of the theory of conceptual integration. Argument-predicate adjectives in discourse form a new conceptual blend that is the result of mapping the mental spaces of the predicate concept and the concept of the described noun. The relation between the two objects that appears in the blend forms the context meaning of the adjective
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Winford, Donald. "Property Items and Predication in Sranan." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 12, no. 2 (1997): 237–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.12.2.04win.
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This paper revisits the long-standing controversy over whether so-called predicate adjectives like bigi 'big', bradi 'wide', etc. in Sranan (and other creoles) are truly adjectives or a subclass of verb. Using a variety of diagnostics, it concludes that such items are in fact verbal in their predicative function. Moreover, it argues that such items are best referred to as "property items" which display flexible categoriality, behaving like intransitive as well as transitive verbs, and also as adjectives which can either modify nouns or head adjectival phrases of degree. So-called predicate adjective structures in Sranan fall into two categories — those where property items function as intransitive verbs, and those involving predicate phrases in which the copula de precedes either adjectival phrases of degree or true adjectives, including those derived via reduplication from property items and others imported from Dutch. These conclusions apply more specifically to the variety of Sranan spoken as a native language by the majority of the African-descended population of Suriname. Another dialect of Sranan, associated primarily with non-native speakers, appears to treat property items in their predicative function as adjectives rather than verbs.
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Zhang, Keding. "A Cognitive Grammar approach to the SLocPAdjC in Mandarin Chinese." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 1, no. 2 (2014): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.1.2.04zha.
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SLocPAdjC (Locative subject + adjective-predicate construction) is an idiosyncratic construction in Mandarin Chinese. It has its own specific structural and cognitive properties which are different from those of other constructions. Its structural properties are that it has locative phrases as its subject and adjective phrases as its predicate without the help of any linking verb. In addition, only state adjectives, and not property adjectives, can normally occur in SLocPAdjC as predicates. As is observed from the Cognitive Grammar perspective, what the predicate describes in SLocPAdjC is not the subject proper, but a certain facet of the spatial region of the entity designated by the subject. This depends on two cognitive mechanisms. One is the spatial region profiling mechanism of the subject, and the other is the active zone activating mechanism of the predicate. The former means that the signified entity of the nominal phrase in the subject functions as the base. The postposition serves to profile a certain spatial region of the base and makes this region a prominent candidate for the predicate to describe. The latter means that the adjective in the predicate, based on the cognitive domain it belongs to, activates a certain facet of or in the spatial region as the active zone which eventually becomes the actual matter to be described by the predicate. What’s more important, the meaning of the SLocPAdjC in Mandarin Chinese resides in the joint function of the profiling mechanism of the subject and the activating mechanism of the adjective-predicate.
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Bücking, Sebastian. "How do phrasal and lexical modification differ? Contrasting adjective-noun combinations in German." Word Structure 2, no. 2 (2009): 184–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1750124509000403.
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In contrasting newly coined lexical and phrasal adjective-noun combinations as e.g. Blautee (‘blue_tea’) versus blauer Tee (‘blue tea’), the present paper argues in favour of a different semantic make-up of phrasal versus lexical modification in German. Whereas the former triggers direct modification along the lines of ordinary predicate modification, the latter involves a mediating free variable to be instantiated at the conceptual level. The analysis accounts for interpretational differences between phrasal and lexical adjectival modification in the cases of incompatible attribution and negation. Furthermore, the proposal made here supports the assumption of a particular naming function of lexical units. Additional evidence will be drawn from the observation that non-predicative adjectives and comparatives are ruled out in adjective-noun compounds and that adjectives projected word-internally contribute atemporal properties. Finally, it is shown that despite the particular naming function of lexical units a straightforward identification of lexical adjective-noun structures with kind-referring expressions is too strong a conclusion.
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Sebba, Mark. "Adjectives and Copulas in Sranan Tongo." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 1, no. 1 (1986): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.1.1.07seb.
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Some linguists regard predicate adjectives in Sranan and other creole languages as stative verbs, one argument being the absence of a copula before such adjectives. An analysis by Seuren, on the other hand, treats predicate adjectives as true adjectives in Sranan: an underlying copula fails to surface before them. This paper argues for an analysis which treats Sranan predicate adjectives as a type of stative verb, and accounts for the appearance of the copula in a relatively small number of cases by positing the existence of "extent phrases" in Sranan. These may modify a verb or copula; except under certain conditions, they contain a quantifier and an adjective. This accounts not only for the appearance of copulas with predicate adjectives, but also for the "repetition" of the adjective as in o bradi a liba bradi? (how broad the river broad) 'How broad is the river?'
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Ollennu, Yvonne Akwele Amankwaa. "On Predication of Adjectives in Ga." International Journal of Linguistics 9, no. 2 (2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v9i2.11067.
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The adjective as a word class is elusive, as sometimes this distinct class is not easy to be identified in some languages though recent linguistics studies have claimed it exists in all languages. In Ga, a Kwa language of Niger Congo, the adjective class can be clearly defined. The Ga adjective class consists of both derived and underived forms. Adjectives are syntactically known to play the role of attribution, and/or predication and also found in comparative constructions. This paper investigates how adjectives in predicative positions in English are expressed in Ga and more especially when multiple ones serve as copula complement. It shows that adjectives in predication are expressed through verbs in Ga. The adjectives found in Ga are classified according to Dixon semantic classes. The data for this study were collected through questionnaire and follow up interviews from some native speakers. From the study, it came to light that verbs that occur in predicate positions as head of the verb phrases may have adjective equivalents but speakers prefer the verbs to the adjectives and there seems to be some number agreement with the nouns in subject position. When the adjective has no verb equivalent, natives make use of relative clauses and also make use of the adjectives. The study further revealed that when multiple adjectives are used in predicative position, though a restricted order was not established, there exist a preferred order for example, dimension adjectives occur before colour adjectives.
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Thompson, Sandra A., and Hongyin Tao. "Conversation, grammar, and fixedness." Chinese Language and Discourse 1, no. 1 (2010): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.1.1.01tho.
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The categoriality of ‘adjectives’ has been a favorite topic of discussion in functional Chinese linguistics. However, the literature leaves us with no clear picture of the ‘adjective’ category for Mandarin. In this paper, we take a usage-based approach to revisit the issue of adjectives in Mandarin. Our investigation of a corpus of face-to-face conversations shows that conversational Mandarin favors Predicate Adjectives over Attributive Adjectives. This pattern is explained by two facts: people primarily use Predicate Adjectives in conversation to assess the world around them, and these assessments (including reactive tokens) are a primary way for people to negotiate stance, alignment, and perspective, while Attributive Adjectives are used to introduce new participants into the discourse, which is a less prominent function in everyday conversation. We also argue that whether predicative or attributive, an understanding of adjectives in everyday Mandarin talk involves various facets of fixedness. This is substantiated by the fact that predicate vs. attributive positions attract different types of adjectives, kinds of collocation patterns, kinds of constructions, and pathways to lexicalization. Thus, this paper demonstrates that (1) interactional data can tell us much about the ‘psychological reality’ of the category ‘adjective’ for speakers; and (2) frequency and ongoing prefab creation are crucial to characterizing the categoriality and mental representation of ‘adjectives’ in Mandarin.
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Richardson, Kylie. "What secondary predicates in Russian tell us about the link between tense, aspect and case." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 26 (January 1, 2001): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.26.2001.143.
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In this paper I show that the different case marking possibilities on predicate adjectives in depictive secondary predicates in Russian constitute the uninterpretable counterpart of the interpretable tense and aspect features of the adjective. Case agreement entails that the predicate adjective is non-eventive, i.e., it occurs when the event time of the secondary predicate is identical to the event time of the primary predicate. The instrumental case, however, entails that the secondary predicate is eventive: some change of state or transition occurred prior to or during the event time of the primary predicate. I claim that case agreement occurs in conjoined tense phrases in Russian, while the instrumental case occurs in adjoined aspectual phrases. In English, secondary predication is sensitive both to the structural location of its antecedent and to the event structure of the primary predicate. I suggest that depictives with subject antecedents in English are true adjunction structures, while those with direct object antecedents occur in a conjoined aspectual phrase. This hypothesis finds support in the different movement and semantic constraints in conjunction versus adjunction phrases in both English and Russian.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Predicate adjective"
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Djohar, Abdou. "Approche contrastive franco-comorienne : les séquences figées à caractère adjectival." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131038/document.
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Tout comme en français, il existe en comorien un nombre important de séquences adjectivales qui s’utilisent uniquement à l’oral. Ces adjectifs à forme complexe n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’études dans le milieu linguistique comorien. Ils sont remarquables du sous-type Prép N : harimwa ra narenga et A hama N : mudu hama izinga. Ils expriment un état et sont pronominalisables. Ils sont susceptibles d’être analysés comme des adjectifs prédicatifs par le fait qu’ils ont la même propriété syntaxique que les adjectifs simples : ils sont compatibles avec la position épithète aussi bien que la position attribut.L’analyse morphosyntaxique et l’analyse syntactico-sémantique de ces adjectifs complexes en emploi prédicatif permettent de comprendre que leur caractère figé répond aux deux conditions du figement : ils sont polylexicaux et sont dotés d’un certain degré de figement, la deuxième condition peut être mise en évidence du fait que, dans ra narenga, on ne peut pas substituer narenga par un autre élément. Ali nge harimwa ra narenga, *Ali nge harimwa ra nauvura.Dans cette étude contrastive franco-comorienne, nous avons procédé à un recensement exhaustif des locutions adjectivales du comorien et établi une typologie de ces prédicats adjectivaux en utilisant les mêmes principes que pour le français<br>As in French, there are a significant number Comorian of fixed adjectival sequences that the use only oral. Adjectival these sequences have never been studied. They are remarkable subtype Prep N, Adj as Det N (the angels, thick as a brick…). These predicative adjectives to express a complex shape condition and the pronominalisables. They may be analyzed as predicative adjectives in that they have the same syntax as simple adjectives property they are compatible as well as the epithet that the attribute position. The morpho-syntactic analysis and semantic analysis of the adjectival sequences allow us to understand their fixed character meets two conditions congealing: polylexicaux and they have a certain degree of fossilization, the second condition can be demonstrated the fact that you can not replace a word with another word. In our study contrastive Franco-Comorian, we conducted an exhaustive survey of adjectival phrases from Comoros and established a typology of adjectival predicates using the same principles as for the French
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Long, Alison Jane. "Short-term morphosyntactic change : the development of the Russian predicate adjective, 1800-2000." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843477/.
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It is well established that all languages undergo change. Such changes have been seen in the Russian language in a relatively short period of time, particularly in the area of morphosyntax. In order to quantify and examine such changes data from the Russian language was used (the Barentsen Corpus). The aim of his thesis is to quantify change in Russian predicate adjective usage over a two hundred year period, 1801 - 2000, and improve upon the statistical analyses of corpora. A Russian predicate adjective may take one of three forms; the short form (SF), the long form nominative (LF-N) and the long form instrumental (LF-I). It is widely recognised that short form usage is declining In Russian. This study set out to determine how and where this decline was taking place over the two hundred year period. This was done through examination of examples taken from the Barentsen Corpus, which were then divided according to pre-decided criteria and analysed statistically. The results were divided according to the specific grammatical element examined; verbs, nouns and adjectives. Overall, it was found, as expected, that the short form is in decline. Statistical analysis enabled the nature and time of the change, including its statistical significance, to be identified within the time period examined. Through the statistical analysis used in this study it was shown that specific areas of change were identified. For example, the increasing occurrence of the LF-I with semi-copula verbs was observed, and that different rates of change were observed in the time period examined depending on grammatical features and some lexical items (a group of adjectives favouring the SF). Therefore, the methods used in this study allowed the quantification of changes in choice of predicate adjective form, building upon previous work by Benson, Gustavsson and Bazenova.
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Salinas, Claudine. "Les prédicats de sentiment dans Les Verbes français de Jean Dubois et Françoise Dubois-Charlier : analyse et prolongement." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2133.
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Le point de départ de cette thèse est la classe « P » (« verbes psychologiques ») du dictionnaire électronique Les Verbes français de J. Dubois et F. Dubois-Charlier, et porte plus précisément sur les verbes de sentiment. Les critères de cette classification n’étant pas toujours explicites, l’objectif est, dans un premier temps, d’en comprendre les paramètres syntactico sémantiques puis de l'affiner afin d'obtenir des classes plus petites, mais homogènes du point de vue du sentiment exprimé, et d’y intégrer les noms et / ou adjectifs morphologiquement apparentés aux verbes et partageant les mêmes propriétés syntactico-sémantique. Nos analyses, appuyées sur un corpus d’énoncés attestés, aboutissent à la caractérisation des prédicats de « nostalgie », de « regret »,de « dés)agrément » et d’« étonnement »<br>The starting point of this work is “P” class (“verbes psychologiques”) of Les Verbes françaisof J. Dubois and F. Dubois-Charlier's electronic dictionary. It deals, more precisely, with feeling verbs.Because of the classification's criterions which are not that explicit, our main target is to try tounderstand their syntactic and semantic parameters, then to refine it in order to make small classes,but sharing in common the feeling expressed. Nouns and / or adjectives, morphologically connectedto verbs, and sharing the same syntactic and semantic properties, will be integrated to them. Ouranalysis, based on a large attested Corpus, lead to predicates characterization of “nostalgia”, “regret”,“annoyance” and “astonishment”
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Karpacheva, Olga. "The case of Russian predicate adjectives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0021/MQ47951.pdf.
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Wang, Qian. "Focus Placement and Interpretations of Bare Gradable Adjective Predicates in Mandarin Chinese." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437091124.
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Alkahtani, Mansour. "Une représentation sémantico-syntaxique des adjectifs prédicatifs en arabe et en français et leur traduction." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2128.
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Traditionnellement, on distingue trois parties du discours dans la langue arabe à savoir le nom, le verbe et la particule. L’adjectif est considéré comme une sous-classe de la catégorie nom. Or si on observe le fonctionnement des ces deux partie, on s’aperçoit que cette partition ne permet pas de rendre compte des caractéristiques qui les séparent. Nous avons donc proposé une nouvelle classification en considérant l’adjectif comme une catégorie à part entière. Puis, nous avons étudié ses fonctions différentes : les adjectifs restrictifs, le complément d’état et les adjectifs prédicatifs. Notre intérêt principal reste pourtant les adjectifs prédicatifs. Nous avons proposé certaines propriétés de ces adjectifs. Le deuxième point concerne la classification sémantique des adjectifs prédicatifs qui s’inscrit dans le cadre du modèle des classes d’objets, dans la lignée de la grammaire transformationnelle de Z. S. Harris. Cette méthode nous permet de construire des classes sémantiques des adjectifs prédicatifs à partir de critères syntaxiques en vue du traitement automatique<br>Traditionally, we distinguish three parts of the speech in the Arabic language: the name, the verb and the particle. The adjective is considered a subclass of the noun category. But if we observe well theses two parts, we realize that this partition does not allow to account for the characteristics the separate them. We have therefore proposed a new classification by considering the adjective as a category itself. Then we studied its different functions: restrictive adjectives, state complement and predictive adjectives. However, our main interest remains the predictive adjectives. We have proposed some properties of these adjectives. The second point concerns the semantic classification of predictive adjectives which is part of the objet class model, in line with Z. S. Harris’s transformational grammar. This method allows us to construct semantic classes of predictive adjectives based on syntactic criteria for automatic processing
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Mirmarashi, Fatemeh. "Adjectif en Persan : étude morphosyntaxique et sémantique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20099/document.
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Notre étude a commencé par une brève présentation de la langue persane et des parties du discours suivi par la démonstration de l'adjectif persan dans la grammaire contemporaine, notion floue dans les études antérieures. Étant donné que l'adjectif persan n'a pas de marquage flexionnel, cette étude exploratoire a pour but d’identifier des critères pertinents pour distinguer la catégorie adjectivale des autres catégories existantes (notamment nominale et verbale). Le résultat de ce travail nous a conduits à une étude morphosyntaxique et sémantique nous permettant de conclure au fait que l'adjectif persan est une sous-catégorie de la catégorie nominale<br>Our study begins with a brief presentation of the Persian language and the parts of speech followed by the demonstration of the Persian adjective in the contemporary grammar and to look for this vague notion in the previous studies. Given that the Persian adjective has no inflected marking, this search aims to identifying distinctive criteria to distinguish the adjectival category from the other existing categories (in particular nominal and verbal). The results of this work conduct us towards a morphosyntactic and semantic study which allowing us to conclude that the Persian adjective is a subcategory of the nominal category
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Ruskan, Anna. "The Expression and Contents of Non-Morphological Evidentiality in Lithuanian: the Case of Neuter Adjectives and Adverbs." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20131015_155903-04638.
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The aim of the research is to analyse the expression and contents of non-morphological evidentiality in Lithuanian realized by neuter (non-agreeing) adjectives and adverbs. The thesis focuses on the non-agreeing adjectives and the adverbs that derive from the semantic domains of perception, comparison and knowledge and thus have the potential to acquire evidential meanings. The study explores the morphosyntactic properties (Complement-Taking-Predicates and adverbials) of the markers under consideration, their quantitative parameters and semantic functional distribution in fiction and academic discourse. The study is corpus-driven and the data have been obtained from the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language, namely from the subcorpus of fiction, and from the Corpus of Academic Lithuanian. The analysis of the morphosyntactic properties of the markers and their semantic functional distribution suggests that in Lithuanian the non-agreeing adjectives convey evidential meanings more frequently than the adverbs because the adverbs mainly function as predicate modifiers. The main evidential value is inference based on perceptual or conceptual sources of evidence. The non-agreeing adjectives and the adverbs under consideration can also express the meanings of epistemic modality, expectation or function as pragmatic markers.<br>Pagrindinis darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti nemorfologinio evidencialumo raišką ir turinį, realizuojamus bevardės giminės (nederinamaisiais) būdvardžiais ir prieveiksmiais grožinės literatūros tekstuose ir lietuvių mokslo kalboje. Tyrimo objektą sudaro nederinamieji būdvardžiai ir prieveiksmiai, kurių leksinės reikšmės atspindi semantinius laukus, turinčius potencialą žymėti žinių šaltinį. Darbe analizuojami šių vienetų morfosintaksiniai bruožai (komplementiniai predikatai ir adverbialai), tiriami jų kiekybiniai rodikliai ir atskleidžiama semantinė funkcinė distribucija. Šioje disertacijoje atliekamas tyrimas naudojant tekstynų metodologiją. Tyrimo medžiaga yra surinkta iš grožinės literatūros patekstynio, esančio Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstyne ir Lietuvių mokslo kalbos tekstyno. Nederinamųjų būdvardžių ir prieveiksmių morfosintaksinių bruožų ir semantinių funkcinių ypatybių analizė suponuoja, kad lietuvių kalboje nederinamieji būdvardžiai dažniau perteikia žinių šaltinio reikšmes negu prieveiksmiai, nes šie vartojami kaip predikato modifikatoriai. Pagrindinė evidencinė reikšmė, būdinga nagrinėjamiems žymikliams, yra numanymas, pagrįstas percepciniu arba konceptualiuoju žinių šaltiniu. Nagrinėjami vienetai vartojami ir kaip episteminiai, vertinimo arba pragmatiniai žymikliai.
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Martin, Fabienne. "Prédicats statifs, causatifs et résultatifs en discours. Sémantique des adjectifs évaluatifs et des verbes psychologiques." Phd thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450803.
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Cette thèse analyse les propriétés sémantiques et discursives des prédicats d'état ('laid, généreux') ainsi que des prédicats causatifs et résultatifs, et plus particulièrement des verbes psychologiques à Expérienceur objet ('stimuler, encourager'). Le cadre adopté est celui de la sémantique néo-davidsonienne (Parsons, 1990) et de la sémantique du discours (Kamp & Reyle 1993, Asher 1993). La première partie (chap 1-7) est consacrée aux prédicats d'état, et la seconde aux prédicats causatifs et résultatifs (chap. 8-9). Dans le chapitre 1, on expose les arguments en faveur de l'idée que les verbes d'état ont un argument implicite davidsonien comme les verbes d'action. Abordant ensuite les constructions en 'by/in' ('by/in smoking, he broke his promise'), l'auteur propose de considérer, avec Goldman et contre Davidson, que celles-ci décrivent deux événements distincts, liés par une relation de génération. L'analyse goldmanienne de ces constructions est ensuite étendue aux prédicats d'état ('in doing this, he was clever'), ce qui permet de distinguer les prédicats qui dénotent un état dépendant d'une action, comme 'clever' en usage occurrentiel, des prédicats qui dénotent un état indépendant d'une action, comme beautiful (cf. '??in doing this, he was beautiful'). Le chapitre 2 fait le point sur les spécificités des prédicats d'état par rapport aux prédicats d'activité. Y est notamment montré que certains prédicats d'état acceptent le "progressif interprétatif" ('tu es en train de croire au Père Noël!'). Ce type de progressif est distingué du progressif standard et du progressif actif anglais ('he was being clever'); sont définis également les "prédicats interprétatifs" qui n'acceptent que ce progressif. Le chapitre 3 élabore une typologie aspectuelle des prédicats d'état. Sont d'abord distingués quatre types d'états en fonction de l'intervalle pendant lequel l'état en cause est vérifié. On montre que cette quadri-partition rend mieux compte des données linguistiques que la dichotomie classique en 'stage level predicates' et 'individual level predicates'. Ensuite sont définis les "prédicats d'état pur" comme beau, qui dénotent un état indépendant de toute action, et les "prédicats d'état endo-actionnel" comme 'généreux/bruyant' en usage occurrentiel, qui dénote un état généré par une action. On présente des arguments contre l'assimilation de ces derniers prédicats à des prédicats d'action. Est alors analysée l'ambiguïté des prédicats comme "généreux" dans l'emploi occurrentiel: 'Pierre m'a donné des bonbons. Il a été généreux' peut vouloir dire soit que Pierre a été généreux de (décider de) me donner des bonbons (lecture-d), soit qu'il a été généreux dans la manière de me les donner (lecture-m). Dans la foulée, on examine la relation temporelle qui prend place entre un état s et l'action e dont il dépend. Enfin, on montre que l'analyse proposée peut rendre compte de la concurrence entre passé composé et imparfait dans les phrases dénotant un état occurrentiel. A partir de la typologie aspectuelle élaborée au chapitre 3, le chapitre 4 revisite le problème que soulèvent certains prédicats d'état dans les constructions à prédicat second descriptif ('Pierre a donné des bonbons saoul/??généreux') et propose une nouvelle solution. On montre ensuite que cette solution peut être adaptée pour résoudre un problème moins étudié, à savoir celui que posent certains prédicats d'état dans les subordonnées temporelles en 'quand '(cf. 'Il était généreux, quand il a distribué les bonbons' versus '??Il a distribué des bonbons quand il était généreux'). Enfin, on fait le point sur la difficulté qu'éprouvent les prédicats évaluatifs à entrer dans les constructions présuppositionnelles, parmi lesquelles les subordonnées temporelles, mais les GN définis ('La femme rousse/??généreuse commanda une bière'). Le chapitre 5 est consacré aux relations rhétoriques qui s'établissent entre la description d'un état et la description d'un événement, aux combinaisons possibles entre ces relations rhétoriques, et à la manière dont tel ou tel prédicat d'état, vu ses propriétés sémantiques, contribue à établir telle ou telle relation rhétorique avec la description d'événement. Le chapitre 6 revient sur le problème que soulève l'indéfini des en lecture non générique avec certains prédicats d'état, notamment les prédicats évaluatifs ('Des livres étaient sales' versus '??Des livres étaient merveilleux'). En se fondant sur les outils de la 'Decision Theoretic Semantic's (Merin 1999), l'auteur fait l'hypothèse qu'un prédicat P n'accepte des que si la quantité des éléments satisfaisant P dans le contexte est non pertinente pour les fins du discours, et s'il est clair, par ailleurs, que les qualités implicites que peuvent instancier les dits éléments ne contribuent en aucune façon à expliquer qu'ils satisfont P. On montre que ces deux conditions sont respectées (resp. violées) avec les prédicats d'état compatibles (resp. incompatibles) avec des dans sa lecture non générique. Le chapitre 7 est consacré à la sémantique qu'il faut assigner aux prédicats d'état évaluatifs. On expose tout d'abord les arguments en faveur d'une sémantique "réaliste", qui analyse les prédicats évaluatifs comme des prédicats unaires dénotant de vraies propriétés. On distingue ensuite, dans le contenu informationnel des énoncés évaluatifs, un composant assertif et deux implicatures associées. On termine par l'analyse des prédicats évaluatifs superlatifs ('merveilleux'); est argumentée l'idée que ces prédicats ont un composant expressif, en ce sens que le locuteur, en les utilisant, implicite qu'une entité satisfaisant le prédicat a déclenché en lui une émotion, vécue ou rejouée lors de l'énonciation. On montre en quoi ce composant expressif contribue à expliquer pourquoi de tels prédicats sont difficilement utilisables à l'impératif ou dans certains types de questions. Le chapitre 8 répertorie trois classes parmi les verbes, dits "résultatifs", qui présupposent l'occurrence d'un événement e causant ou générant l'événement asserté e'. On présente d'abord le problème que pose la définition de cette présupposition, puis une nouvelle solution est exposée. On montre alors que la présupposition des verbes résultatifs -- achèvements droits et accomplissements strictement forts --- est de nature scalaire et peut s'expliquer par la Loi d'exhaustivité de Ducrot. Le chapitre 9 est consacré aux verbes psychologiques à Expérienceur objet (VPEO). Après avoir classé ces verbes en fonction de leur structure événementielle, on fait le point sur les différentes lectures qu'ils peuvent accepter. On montre ensuite qu'à la différence des VPEO acceptables dans les constructions agentives, les VPEO qui y sont peu acceptables exhibent deux propriétés cruciales. D'abord, ils présupposent toujours, à l'instar des verbes étudiés dans le chapitre 8, l'occurrence de l'événement impliquant le sujet; ensuite, certains d'entre eux sont "interprétatifs", en ce sens que l'assertion du changement d'état psychologique ne s'avère pertinente pour les fins du discours que si l'interprétant connaît, par ailleurs, l'événement qui cause ce changement. Cela permet d'expliquer pourquoi les verbes en question ne peuvent faire avancer la narration comme le ferait un prédicat d'action normal, et pourquoi ils sont peu compatibles avec les adverbes de manière orientés sur l'agent, les pseudo-clivées ou les compléments de lieu. On termine par l'analyse aspectuelle de la classe des VPEO, en montrant qu'on y trouve des membres des cinq classes aspectuelles distinguées dans le chapitre précédent.
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Sveen, Hanna Andersdotter. ""Honourable" or "Highly-sexed" : Adjectival Descriptions of Male and Female Characters in Victorian and Contemporary Children's Fiction." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of English, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6247.
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<p>This corpus-based study examines adjectives and adjectival expressions used to describe characters in British children’s fiction. The focus is on diachronic variation, by comparing Victorian (19th-century) and contemporary (late 20th-century) children’s fiction, and on gender variation, by comparing the descriptions of female and male characters. I adopt a qualitative as well as a quantitative approach, and consider factors such as lexical diversity, adjectival density, collocation patterns, evaluative meaning, syntactic function and distribution across semantic domains. Most findings are related to a dichotomy set up between an idealistic and a realistic portrayal of characters. The study shows that an idealistic portrayal of characters is typical of the Victorian material and a realistic portrayal of characters typical of the contemporary material. Further, gender differences are much more pronounced, and reflect traditional gender role patterns more in the Victorian material than in the contemporary material. For instance, a pleasant appearance is typically described for Victorian female characters and social position for Victorian male characters. Moreover, descriptions of mental properties of Victorian female characters are conspicuously rare. Such gendered patterns are less distinct in the contemporary material, although appearance is still more extensively described for female than male characters. As regards how the qualities are attributed to characters, the descriptions of Victorian female characters were found to be the most formulaic compared to the descriptions of Victorian male, contemporary female and contemporary male characters.</p>
Books on the topic "Predicate adjective"
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Center for the Study of Language and Information (U.S.), ed. Coverbs and complex predicates in Wagiman. CSLI Publications, 1999.
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Ueda, Masako. The Interaction between Clause-Level Parameters and Context in Russian Morphosyntax: Genitive of Negation and Predicate Adjectives. Peter Lang International Academic Publishers, 1992.
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Ueda, Masako. The interaction between clause-level parameters and context in Russian morphosyntax: Genitive of negation and predicate adjectives. O. Sagner, 1992.
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Lowe, John J. Rigvedic Sanskrit. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793571.003.0002.
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This chapter provides a detailed account of the transitive noun and adjective categories attested in the earliest Indo-Aryan, Rigvedic Sanskrit. This period shows the greatest variety of noun and adjective categories which attest transitivity. Statistical analysis is provided to show that transitive nouns and adjectives are syntactically distinct from other types of noun and adjective that take dependents, and distinct from non-finite verb categories such as participles. In particular, there is a statistically significant correlation between transitivity and predication: transitive nouns and adjectives are statistically more likely to be predicated than other nouns and adjectives. Detailed statistics and examples of a series of different stem forms, and root nouns, are presented and examined in detail. Situation-oriented nouns are also considered.
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Wellwood, Alexis. The Meaning of More. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804659.001.0001.
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This book re-imagines the compositional semantics of comparative constructions with words like “more”. It argues for a revision of one of the fundamental assumptions of the degree semantics framework as applied to such constructions: that gradable adjectives do not lexicalize measure functions (i.e., mappings from individuals or events to degrees). Instead, the degree morphology itself plays the role of degree introduction. The book begins with a careful study of non-canonical comparatives targeting nouns and verbs, and applies the lessons learned there to those targeting adjectives and adverbs. A primary distinction that the book draws extends the traditional distinction between gradable and non-gradable as applied to the adjectival domain to the distinction between “measurable” and “non-measurable” predicates that crosses lexical categories. The measurable predicates, in addition to the gradable adjectives, include mass noun phrases, plural noun phrases, imperfective verb phrases, and perfective atelic verb phrases. In each of these cases, independent evidence for non-trivial ordering relations on the relevant domains of predication are discussed, and measurability is tied to the accessibility of such orderings. Applying this compositional theory to the core cases and beyond, the book establishes that the selection of measure functions for a given comparative depends entirely on what is measured and compared rather than which expression introduces the measurement
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Rubinstein, Aynat. Straddling the line between attitude verbs and necessity modals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718208.003.0007.
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This chapter explores the semantic properties of verbs and adjectives with closely related meanings having to do with desires and goals. I evaluate recent work on verbs of desire (e.g. ‘want’) which has suggested that these attitude predicates require access to multiple alternatives for their interpretation (Villalta 2006, 2008). I argue that this heavy machinery is in fact not required, integrating important insights proposed in this recent work into a quantificational modal analysis of comparison-based attitudes. The proposed analysis highlights the similarities and differences between ‘want’ and ‘necessary’, an adjective that is shown (including naturalistic corpus data) to be primarily goal-oriented and to be semantically dependent to a certain degree on the syntactic configuration it appears in. Whether or not the modality is lexically relativized to an individual is also suggested to play a role in defining the semantic properties of desire- and goal-oriented modal expressions.
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Szumska, Dorota. Adjective As an Adjunctive Predicative Expression: A Semantic Analysis of Nominalised Propositional Structures As Secondary Predicative Syntagmas. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2013.
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Szumska, Dorota. Adjective As an Adjunctive Predicative Expression: A Semantic Analysis of Nominalised Propositional Structures As Secondary Predicative Syntagmas. Lang Publishing, Incorporated, Peter, 2013.
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Szumska, Dorota. Adjective As an Adjunctive Predicative Expression: A Semantic Analysis of Nominalised Propositional Structures As Secondary Predicative Syntagmas. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2013.
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Havu, Eva, and Michel Pierrard. Co-Predicats Adjectivants: Proprietes et Fonction des Adjectifs et des Participes Adjoints. Lang AG International Academic Publishers, Peter, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Predicate adjective"
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Clements, J. Clancy. "Ser-estar in the Predicate Adjective Construction." In Functional Approaches to Spanish Syntax. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522688_8.
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Rothstein, Susan. "16. Secondary predicates." In Semantics - Lexical Structures and Adjectives, edited by Claudia Maienborn, Klaus von Heusinger, and Paul Portner. De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110626391-016.
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Schoorlemmer, Erik. "Cross-linguistic variation in agreement on Germanic predicate adjectives." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.212.11sch.
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Ma, Guorong, Hongying Fan, and Wei Wang. "Personality Disorders Predicted by the Chinese Adjective Descriptors of Personality." In Chinese Perspectives on Cultural Psychiatry. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3537-2_7.
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Orimaye, Sylvester Olubolu, Saadat M. Alhashmi, and Siew Eu-Gene. "Semantic-Based Opinion Retrieval Using Predicate-Argument Structures and Subjective Adjectives." In Information Retrieval Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25631-8_34.
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Suñer, Ave lina. "Chapter 12. Adverbial adjectives and the decomposition of event predicates." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.242.13sun.
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Landman, Fred. "8. Predicate–argument mismatches and the Adjectival Theory of indefinites." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.55.10lan.
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Mallén, Enrique. "Attributive and predicative adjective agreement in Germanic and Romance &proidentification." In Grammatical Theory and Romance Languages. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.133.14mal.
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Schlüter, Julia. "Constraints on the attributive use of “predicative-only” adjectives: A reassessment." In Constructional Approaches to English Grammar. Mouton de Gruyter, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110199178.2.145.
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Israeli, Alina. "Nominative and instrumental variation of adjectival predicates with the Russian copula byt': reference time, limitation, and focalization." In Cognitive Linguistics Research. Mouton de Gruyter, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110198799.1.21.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Predicate adjective"
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Oku, Masahiro. "Analyzing Japanese double-subject construction having an adjective predicate." In the 16th conference. Association for Computational Linguistics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/993268.993318.
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Zhang, Runxiang, and Yaohong Jin. "Identification of comparative sentences with adjective predicates in patent Chinese-English machine translation." In 2012 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligence Systems (CCIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccis.2012.6664634.
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Ih, Jeong-Guon, Su-Won Jang, Cheol-Ho Jeong, Youn-Young Jeung, and Kye-Sup Jun. "A Study on the Sound Quality Evaluation Model of the Air Cleaner." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41115.
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In operating the air cleaner for a long time, people in a quiet enclosed space expect calm sound at low operational levels for a routine cleaning of air; in contrast, a powerful, yet not-annoying, sound is expected at high operational levels for an immediate cleaning of pollutants. In this context, it is important to evaluate and design the air cleaner noise to satisfy such contradictory expectation from the customers. In this study, a model for evaluating the air cleaner sound quality was developed based on the objective and subjective analyses. Sound signals from various air cleaners were recorded and they were edited by increasing or decreasing the loudness at three wide specific-loudness bands: 20–400 Hz (0–3.8 Bark), 400–1250 Hz (3.8–10 Bark), 1.25k–12.5k Hz bands (10–22.8 Bark). Subjective tests using the edited sounds were conducted by the semantic differential method (SDM) and the method of successive intervals (MSI). SDM test for 7 adjective pairs was conducted to find the relation between subjective feeling and frequency bands. Two major feelings, performance and annoyance, were factored out from the principal component analysis. We found that the performance feeling was related to both low and high frequency bands; whereas the annoyance feeling was related to high frequency bands. MSI test using the 7 scales was conducted to derive the sound quality index to express the severity of each perceptive descriptor. Annoyance and performance indices of air cleaners were modeled from the subjective responses of the juries and the measured sound quality metrics: loudness, sharpness, roughness, and fluctuation strength. Multiple regression method was employed to generate sound quality evaluation models. Using the developed indices, sound quality of the measured data were evaluated and compared with the subjective data. The difference between predicted and tested scores was less than 0.5 point.