To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Predicates (verbs) of perception.
Journal articles on the topic 'Predicates (verbs) of perception'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Predicates (verbs) of perception.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
FELSER, CLAUDIA. "Perception and control: a Minimalist analysis of English direct perception complements." Journal of Linguistics 34, no. 2 (September 1998): 351–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226798007075.
Full textAbstract:
In this article I argue that both bare infinitival and participial complements of perception verbs in English are clausal constituents headed by the functional category Aspect, and differ only with respect to their aspectual value. Further, I argue that perception verbs license aspectual complements by virtue of being able to function as event control predicates, that is, they allow a control relation to be established between their own and the event argument provided by the predicate of the complement clause. It is shown that the entire cluster of syntactic and semantic properties that characterize direct perception constructions follows from the proposed analysis, in conjunction with independently motivated principles of grammar.
2
Li, Wenchao. "On Middle Construction in Japanese." International Journal of English Linguistics 7, no. 6 (September 16, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v7n6p47.
Full textAbstract:
This study uncovers Japanese middle constructions based on the approach of “distributed morphology”. The findings reveal that adjunct is obligatory in Japanese middles. Two types of grammatical elements contribute to the adjunct: suffix and adverbs. The suffix yasui corresponds to English “able”. The case of the subject must be nominative, i.e., が. Once verbs are attached by the suffix yasui, their part of speech transits from verb into adjective. The new lexicon predicates an inherent property of the subject. Regarding middles with adjuncts rendered by adverbs, two subtypes are confirmed: the na-adjective formed adverb 簡単に kantan ni, and the i-adjective formed adverb よく yoku. The former is produced by the na-adjective 簡単 with the copular に. The latter is formed by the i-adjective よい with the predicate く ku. The mechanisms of the constructions rendered by the two are similar. Furthermore, unlike English middles, where non change-of-state verbs are ruled out, there is no distinct lexical category of middle verb Japanese. Rather, six groups of verbs are compatible: (a) motion verbs; (b) change-of-state verbs; (c) action verbs; (d) perception verbs; (e) stative verbs; and (f) accomplishment verbs. Crucially, such generosity does not result from the adjuncts. It is the “potential form” of verbs that enables psychological and perception verbs to be licensed in Japanese middles.
3
Khabibullina, Saida B., and Olga B. Ulyanova. "Corpus Analysis Of Reporting Verbs In Abstracts To Research Articles." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 6, no. 1 (2020): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2020-6-1-62-75.
Full textAbstract:
The authors of this article employ the methods of corpus linguistics to study the semantics of general scientific verbs of the lexical-semantic group of reporting in order to study the semantic organization and thematic ordering of this group of English-language predicates in abstracts. The categorical taxonomic meaning of reporting verbs provides an appropriate perception of information when compressing the main text of a research article. Studies that exist in this area comprise the analyses of the rhetorical structure or linguo-cognitive organization of research articles abstracts in various subject areas. Paradigmatics and syntagmatics of lexical units in general and predicates in particular remain not fully understood within the framework of abstracts. Consequently, the relevance of the subject of the study, namely verbs of reporting in abstracts, is due to the objective need to perform the communicative task of creating or translating a research article abstract mainly from Russian into English. At the same time, the non-English academic community needs access to authentic research, the understanding of which occurs mainly basing on proposition predicates. Based on the material of the сompiled corpus of 500 research article abstracts in the subject field of linguistics, the use of automated quantitative and qualitative methods of corpus analysis makes the selection of predicates and forms the lexical-semantic group of reporting with the semantic dominant to show, which reveals the highest frequency of use in abstracts. Along with the nuclear semantics to show, the semes: emergence of knowledge; confirmation of knowledge; clarification of knowledge; accentuation of knowledge; overview of knowledge, organize the space of the lexical-semantic group of reporting and, therefore, the texts of abstracts. Syntagmatics of the studied verbs is limited to four types of combination models of a verb and a direct object; a verb and a prepositional object; a verb and a subordinate clause; as well as a verb and an infinitive, where the first model is most frequent and the last one is least frequent.
4
Ozonova, A. A. "Explanatory constructions in the Altai language (in literary and academic texts)." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 4 (2020): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/73/14.
Full textAbstract:
We analyze the structural and semantic types of Altai polypredicative explanatory construc-tions (in literary and academic texts). Explanatory relations are expressed by two types of constructions: monofinite (with the infinite predicate in the subordinate clause) and bifinite (with the finite predicate in the main and subordinate clauses and their relation being analyti-cally indicated by the linking unit or connector dep). The semantic-grammatical type of the predicate in the main clause defines the semantic distinctiveness of explanatory sentences and the structural models of constructions corresponding to the semantic types. The strategy choice of the subordinate sentence structure primarily depends on the semantics of the main predicate. The verbs of three lexical-semantic groups (thought, speech, and emotion) predom-inantly function as a predicate of the main predicate unit. These verbs have their peculiarities in semantics and usage. For example, speech verbs are actively used in bifinite poly- predicative constructions and much less in monofinite constructions. Verbs of perception sug-gest only sensory interpretations in monofinite constructions. However, in bifinite construc-tions, they also contain epistemic elements. The academic text specificity is characterized by the wide use of the verbs of thought and speech, deductive evaluative predicates as main pred-icates in polypredicative constructions. The functionally subordinate clauses may serve as ei-ther a subject or an object. In the Altai language, the subordinate clause, as a predicate object, contains possessive and case affixes of the accusative, dative, ablative, instrumental, and loca-tive cases. When being a predicative subject, a subordinate clause takes the form of a nomina-tive sentence with possessive affixes denoting the grammatical meaning of the action per-former person. Bifinite constructions with verbs from various lexical-semantic groups share a subordinate subject in nominative or accusative cases, while the monofinite construction subordinate subjects have genitive or nominative cases.
5
Barðdal, Jóhanna. "The Perplexity of Dat-Nom Verbs in Icelandic." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 1 (June 2001): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03325860117730.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents data from Modern Icelandic of a small group of Dat-Nom verbs which select for two arguments: a Dative human argument and a Nominative stimulus. When applying independently established subjecthood tests on these arguments it turns out that both pass the tests, i.e. both arguments can behave like subjects and like objects, but not at the same time. An examination of the lexical meanings of these predicates reveals that they can be divided into the following main groups: Emotive verbs, Perception Verbs, Cognition Verbs, Verbs of Attitude and Benefactive verbs. A Construction Grammar analysis is proposed, assuming two different syntactic constructions to exist in Icelandic, i.e. a Dat-Nom construction versus a Nom-Dat construction. It is argued that the occurrence of these predicates in the two constructions follows directly from their conceptual causal structure. Furthermore, the choice of subject seems to be contextually determined, i.e. the more topical argument takes on the subject function. The relation between the two constructions, i.e. the Dat-Nom and the Nom-Dat, seems to be like the relation between an ordinary transitive construction and its topicalization construction, in that when the lower argument is “topicalized” to first position the other construction is activated, hence the ordinary topicalization construction in Icelandic is not as readily available to these verbs as the other construction is.
6
LI, Wenchao. "Adjective distribution in Modern Mongolian." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 6, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.6.2.9-22.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses adjective distribution in Mongolian based upon the mereological framework: scale structure. It investigates how adjectival complements are sensitive to the scalar structure of adjectival predicates (APs) in resultative constructions as well as direct perception expressions. The findings reveal that Mongolian only tolerates inherent resultatives; derived resultatives are ruled out. The acceptability of adjectival complements in inherent resultatives runs from 'Totally open-scale/Totally closed-scale' down to 'Lower closed/Upper closed-scale'. On the other hand, adjectival complements in direct perception expressions are of no diverse acceptability, i.e. all layers of APs are licensed. Furthermore, durative verbs are likely to yield open-scale APs whilst punctual verbs seem to favour closed-scale APs.
7
Davidse, Kristin, and Nele Olivier. "English middles with mental and verbal predicates." English Text Construction 1, no. 2 (August 15, 2008): 169–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.1.2.02dav.
Full textAbstract:
In this article we investigate whether verbs of perception, affection, cognition and verbalization can be construed in the English middle voice against (at least partial) claims to the contrary such as Fellbaum (1986), Keyser and Roeper (1984), Quirk et al. (1985). We view the middle as a modal statement about the conduciveness of the subject entity to action on or with it by the implied agent in the way specified by the predication (Heyvaert 2003, Davidse and Heyvaert 2007). Examples with mental and verbal predicates that correspond to this definition were found in data extracted from the COBUILD corpus as well as from the Internet. We then propose that, on the basis of Halliday’s (1994) description of process types and their participant roles, mental and verbal middles can be classified into five subtypes, containing respectively: (1) verbal predicates, e.g. The stories narrate easily, (2) please-type mental predicates, e.g. You astonish easily, (3) like-type mental predicates, e.g. Two-line display sees easily, (4) perception predicates used in attributive mode, e.g. That cheese smells nice, and (5) verbal predicates used in identifying mode, e.g. Xitaqua pronounces chi-ta-qua. We also investigate to what extent these subtypes instantiate the characteristics of core middles, viz. letting modality, conducive subject and specification by the predication of the way the process is carried out
8
Okhrimenko, V. "SENSE STRUCTURE OF MODAL UNITS “SEMBRARE” AND “PARERE” (IN ITALIAN)." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 33 (2018): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2018.33.09.
Full textAbstract:
The article focuses on the appropriateness of quantifying information in the microtext of functioning of the modal units “sembrare” and “parere” in Italian. Being the nucleus and forming modal structures together with adjoined components, modal units “sembrare” and “parere” determine quantifying of information in the microtext. The modal structure is formed by adjoined components according to the regularity rules in the near-nuclear zone (components combined with modal verbs “sembrare” or “parere”) and the near-peripheral zone (components used in the modal sentence with “sembrare” or “parere” or in adjacent sentences). These modal units preserving the liaison with their inner form possess semantic implicatures of non-definitiveness. Being perceptive predicates, which is a prototypical function of “sembrare” and “parere”, these modal units combine in the pre-nuclear zone with lexical units of perceptive and emotive semantics as well as with Italian modal markers of trustworthiness “davvero” and “proprio”. Such contexts are characterized by subjectocentric parameters: unity of space, time, subject and a fragment of reality of sensory perception being an object of modal evaluation sensory perception with obstacles or emotional state of a subject as an entity without denotation. The modal structure is formed during the fusion of the nucleus (Italian modal verbs “sembrare” and “parere”) with pre-nuclear zone (lexical units of perceptive or emotive semantics as well as with modal markers of trustworthiness “davvero” and “proprio”). The combination of modal verbs “sembrare” and “parere” with perceptive predicates “sentire”, “vedere”, “udire” reveal the phenomenon of obligatory grammatical pleonasm. The context of actionality and the context of evaluation are not typical for the microtext of functioning of Italian modal verbs “sembrare” or “parere”. While the modal verbs are used in such types of context, the microtext is characterized by use in the near-nuclear zone of lexical units that verbalize quasireality that is impossibility or improbability of real state of affairs confronting to the state of affairs from the point of view of a subject of modal evaluation. Such confrontation of the real and the imagined being in accordance with semantic implicatures of non-definitiveness of Italian modal verbs “sembrare” and “parere” correlates with diversity of evaluation, use of disjunctive connectors, sense relations of contradictority between microtext segments. The use of “sembrare” and “parere” in the contexts of actionality and evaluation is the maximum distance from the prototype that is usually marked with the Subjunctive Mood. Italian modal verbs “sembrare” and “parere” can be also used as epistemic predicates. Being epistemic predicates, which is a non-prototypical function of “sembrare” and “parere”, these modal units combine in the pre-nuclear or nearperipheral zone with lexical units of epistemic semantics that reveal privative epistemic state of a subject of modal evaluation such as “non sapere”, “essere incerto”. Such contexts are characterized by the following parameters: interruption of unity of space, time, subject and a fragment of reality of modal evaluation, diversity of time of event and modal evaluation, reliance on deduced knowledge, privative epistemic state of a subject, influence of emotional state of a subject on identification of causal relationships. The use of the modal operator “infatti” in the near-peripheral zone causes disappearing of non-definitiveness. The use of approximators in the nearnuclear zone preserves non-definitiveness meanwhile the use of quantors and markers of epistemic necessity causes diminishing of non-definitiveness.
9
V. Zhukovska, V. "SEMANTICS OF GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTION: CORPUS AND QUANTITATIVE ASPECT." Studia Philologica, no. 2 (2019): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2019.13.4.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, much research in linguistics has become increasingly interested in the use of new methods and tools to analyze authentic linguistic data provided by text corpora. One of the most reliable corpus-based methods is the collostruction analysis, developed by A. Stefanowitsch and S. Th. Gries. Through statistical corpus analysis, this method examines semantics of grammatical construction by measuring the degree of mutual association/ repulsion between a construction and lexical items flling its main slot. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of applying the collostructional analysis to study semantics of one type of the English unaugmented detached construction with explicit subject, a non-fnite construction of a binary structure consisting of a (pro)nominal subject and Participle I as a predicate, as in [ВКЕС [Subj cheeks][Pred burning suddenly]]. Using R statistical software and the script for the collostructional analysis on empirical data drawn from the BNC-BYU corpus, we identify verbs, which reveal signifcant attraction to the predicate slot. The semantic analysis of the most strongly attracted verbs allows determining the semantic verb classes most closely associated with the given construction. It appears that the construction particularly attracts verbs involving the body, verbs of emission, verbs of motion, verbs of existence, touch verbs, and verbs of perception. These verbs belong to the aspectual classes of state and process. The analysis proves that the semantics of the construction [ВКЕС with-less[Subj general noun][Verb Participle І]] sets restrictions on flling its predicate slot with only those verbs whose arguments are compatible with the semantic roles defned by the construction. In its prototypical meaning the analyzed detached construction verbalizes a scenario in which Agent (the subject of the matrix clause) has a Partitive (the subject of the construction) in State/ Process (expressed by the predicate of the construction — Participle I). The evidence from the study suggests that the collostructional analysis substantially advances our understanding of grammatical constructions and their meaning. Clearly, these are only preliminary fndings and further studies regarding collostructional semantics of other types of English detached constructions with explicit subject would be worthwhile.
10
Del Campo Martínez, Nuria. "The metaphoric motivation of the caused-motion construction: A case study of perception." International Journal of English Studies 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ijes/2013/1/154501.
Full textAbstract:
<p>This article addresses the caused-motion construction from the theoretical perspective of the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM). Within the LCM, the way in which lexical templates fuse with constructional templates is coerced by internal and external constraints. Internal constraints specify the conditions under which allow predicates to take part in a construction. External constraints take the form of high-level metaphoric and metonymic operations that affect lexical-constructional subsumption. This proposal makes use of the theoretical tools of the LCM with a view to exploring instantiations of the construction with verbs of perception. Apart from internal constraints, high-level metaphor will be found to play a prominent role in the construal of the examples under scrutiny. The study will suffice to point out that the semantics of the caused-motion construction needs to be understood with reference to the underlying metaphoric mappings.</p>
11
Varfolomeeva, Y. N. "Categorization and Conceptualization of Space in Descriptive Text." Nauchnyy Dialog, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-4-27-39.
Full textAbstract:
The relevance of the article is due to the importance of studying spatial semantics in the new scientific paradigm. The possibility of studying genre varieties of description (description-landscape, description-interior, description-portrait, description of the subject) using frame analysis is indicated in the article. Considerable attention is paid to the classification of spatial verb description predicates. It is noted that the unflagging interest in verbal units in modern linguistics, with unsteady classification grounds, different numbers of distinguished verb classes and terminological differences in describing the object, indicates the need to compile a classification of verb predicates based on the principles of linguocognitology. The study of the semantics of verb predicates of descriptive text, the identification of integrating and differential seme, contributing to the isolation of various lexical-semantic groups of verb predicates and building the patterns implemented in the description of spatial relationships appears to be significant. The attention is focused on the need to integrate linguistic, physiological and psychological knowledge in the study of the predicative component of a descriptive text. Such integration is embodied in the idea of spatial discrimination through all sensory systems and the division of spatial predicates into units of visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, taste and undifferentiated perception. It is established that in the case of using predicates of intermodal semantics, spatial significance is realized in terms of “proximity” / “remoteness” of the source objects of the corresponding sensations.
12
Cinková, Silvie, Eva Hajičová, Jarmila Panevová, and Petr Sgall. "Two Languages - One Annotation Scenario? Experience from the Prague Dependency Treebank." Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 89, no. 1 (June 1, 2008): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10108-009-0001-y.
Full textAbstract:
Two Languages - One Annotation Scenario? Experience from the Prague Dependency Treebank This paper compares the two FGD-based annotation scenarios for Czech and for English, with the Czech as the basis. We discuss the secondary predication expressed by infinitive and its functions in Czech and English, respectively. We give a few examples of English constructions that do not have direct counterparts in Czech (e.g., tough movement and causative constructions with make, get, and have), as well as some phenomena central in English but much less employed in Czech (object raising or control in adjectives as nominal predicates), and, last, structures more or less parallel both in their function and distribution, whose respective annotation differs due to significant differences in the respective linguistic traditions (verbs of perception).
13
Zhanturina, Bakhyt N. "Perceptual Narrative Layer in Muriel Spark’s Story “The Dark Glasses”." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v073.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the visual perception layer in Muriel Spark’s short story “The Dark Glasses” with the aim of carrying out a conceptual analysis of this text. Meaning generation models have already been demonstrated as multilayer non-homogeneous structures describing different points of view and different narrative layers in B. Uspensky’s, G. Genette’s and W. Schmid’s theories. The text as a complex structural language unit can, like the word, vary in different semantic fields. This article presents the spatial, temporal, ideological, and linguistic narrative layers according to the dominant visual perception layer in the protagonist-narrator’s internal point of view expressed in the story. The perceptual layer is demonstrated on the basis of the cognitive process in visual perception, namely, the optic array and human perceptual system. The optic array is implied in the story’s composition as a framed closed structure comprising two texts: the frame and the embedded text. Both of them follow the subject-object model of perception and are organized according to the principles of reflectivity, doubling, and copying. The perceptual system is expressed through various language units: simple verbal predicates see, look and a set of verbs of perception, substantives eyes, glasses and their direct (initial) and figurative meanings, colour terms based on adjectives in descriptions of the characters, as well as conceptual archetypal visual metaphors from the light–dark family, and metonymies based on causal and partitive semantic relations.
14
Eryomina, Olga. "Cognitive approach to auditory observed from the position of the Observer – interpreter." SHS Web of Conferences 69 (2019): 00035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196900035.
Full textAbstract:
An Observer can act as an instrument of conceptual and semantic analyses. The analysis is not reduced to sensor perception only. Such aspects of perception as mental, evaluative and affective or emotional are not less relevant. In this case an Observer acts an evaluating and perceiving party. The Observer’s functioning is strongly affected by the nature of the observed. The permanent fact is that when we are discussing an Observer there is always something observed. An Observer perceives the subject matter and evaluates the situation as a whole. The observed phenomenon and events are interpreted by the Observer through speech-act verbs such as to hiss, to bleat, to grumble, to babble. The semantic meaning of these predicates contains a perceptive and evaluative component, which in its turn means an Observer present. The last one perceives, interprets and evaluates not just the proposition of the speech act, but the so called paralinguistic component, not less relevant in the communicative process. The article considers an issue on different cognitive and affective states of an Observer – interpreter of a communicative speech act, caused by a specific speech manner of communicants.
15
Ruskan, Anna. "Expressing evidentiality in Lithuanian." Lietuvių kalba, no. 4 (October 25, 2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2010.22857.
Full textAbstract:
Evidentiality in Lithuanian, like in some other European languages, can be expressed both grammatically and lexically; a large inventory of grammatical and lexical means make up a continuum, which is introduced and defined by B. Wiemer (2008). Constructions based on active and passive participles that function in the main clause as predicates are regarded as grammatical markers of evidentiality while parentheticals (e. g. matyt, girdi), particles (e. g. esą, neva, tarsi) and adverbs (e. g. akivaizdžiai, aiškiai) can be qualified as lexical. There are also evidential markers that take an intermediate position in the continuum of lexical and grammatical means. While the evidential constructions based on participial morphology have been thoroughly researched in Lithuanian linguistics, the exploration of lexical markers of evidentiality is fairly new and its inventory has not been fully identified and described yet. The main sources of lexical evidential markers are verbs, neuter adjectives, nouns, adverbs related to perception, cognition or communication. The integration of lexical markers into the study of evidentiality helps to see the coding of the source of information in language more holistically as well as to more precisely describe the structure of lexical and grammatical markers, shades of meaning and their development.
16
Shapochkina, O. "MODEL OF THE CATEGORY OF STATE AS “FUZZY MULTIPLICITY”: CATEGORICAL FOCUS OF QUALITATIVITY." Studia Philologica, no. 2 (2019): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2019.13.8.
Full textAbstract:
The research reconstructed the category of state in the old Germanic languages (Gothic, Old Saxon, Old Icelandic, Old English, Old High German) by structuring categorical focuses within the state paradigm. In the paper it is proposed to consider the category of state in the Old Germanic languages as “fuzzy multiplicity” where the nucleus is the predicate of state, and around it concentrates the state protocategorial construction with subject-object relations of physical, emotional-psychological, mental state and state of perception which transmit different macro-states within the state situation that contains such categorical focuses as quality, opposition, divergence, convergence and mobility. The article covers the essence of the categorical focus for qualitative state category in the Old Germanic languages. In particular, it was done comparison of quantitative indicators usage in state protocategorial constructions for active state, intertiv (inactive constructions), mediopassiv, constructions with IV-class verbs with ending –nan in Gothic, constructions with copula-verbs “to be/to become” + participle II, constructions with participle II, reflexive constructions, reciprocal constructions. Comparison was done in the Gothic-Scandinavian and West-Germanic language areas, and it is based on such Old Germanic literature sources as the Gothic Bible “Wulfila”, “Beowulf”, “Heliand”, “Song of Hildebrand”, “Muspilli”, “Song of Ludwig”, “Old Norse Edda”. The methods used in the study revealed the fundamental development actualisers and similar and distinctive features of the category of state in the Old Germanic languages. The reconstruction of the category of state for the Old Germanic languages in modern aspect has been restored. The research represents new vision of existing truths and positive experience for re-thinking the given interpretations.
17
Yamboliev, Irena. "SWINBURNE'S SEA-PROSE AND THE ANTI-NOVEL." Victorian Literature and Culture 45, no. 2 (May 5, 2017): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150316000619.
Full textAbstract:
Language can be made to revolt against its own instrumentality. That is the promise Algernon Charles Swinburne pursues in his unfinished novel Lesbia Brandon, composed in 1859–67 but not published until 1952. Early on in this work, we encounter a passage that perfectly showcases his peculiar and innovative prose style. It is a style that boldly invents its own mechanism of self-perpetuation, and, as it ramifies throughout the novel, turns the text into something other than a conventional narrative – a singular grammar of sensuous perception. The novel's young protagonist, Herbert Seyton, has rounded a corner of a coastal road and comes face to face with the sea. Lesbia Brandon is full of descriptions of the natural environment like this one. It is one of many moments in the novel in which characters encounter, experience, and merge with the seascape. These instances concatenate Swinburne's formal project throughout Lesbia Brandon, a project of translating forces that create patterns in the perceived world into models for prose. The resulting stylistic transformation extends not only to the figurative aspects of Swinburne's language but also to its grammatical and syntactic underpinnings, as peripheral, “accessory” elements become core shaping forces in the prose. This process is at work as Herbert rejoices in the sea-coast and all its enchantments: The long reefs that rang with returning waves and flashed with ebbing ripples; the smooth slopes of coloured rock full of small brilliant lakes that fed and saved from sunburning their anchored fleets of flowers, yellower lilies and redder roses of the sea; the sharp and fine sea-mosses, fruitful of grey blossom, fervent with blue and golden bloom, with soft spear-heads and blades brighter than fire; the lovely heavy motion of the stronger rock-rooted weeds, with all their weight afloat in languid water, splendid and supine; the broad bands of metallic light girdling the greyer flats and swaying levels of sea without a wave; all the enormous graces and immeasurable beauties that go with its sacred strength; the sharp delicate air about it, like breath from the nostrils and lips of its especial and gracious god; the hard sand inlaid with dry and luminous brine; the shuddering shades of sudden colour woven by the light with the water for some remote golden mile or two reaching from dusk to dusk under the sun; shot through with faint and fierce lustres that shiver and shift; and over all a fresher and sweeter heaven than is seen inland by any weather; drew his heart back day after day and satisfied it. (196-97; ch. 2) This description consists of just one sentence, containing 209 words and eleven semicolon-separated fragments. With its great length and accumulation of clauses alone, this passage announces that Swinburne's narrative practice will warp the dimensions of prose, stretching its habitual units, the sentence and the paragraph, beyond their usual span. This sentence is remarkable for its almost complete absence of verbs. Almost every one of its verbs (“rang,” “flashed,” “fed,” “saved,” “go,” “shiver,” “shift”) appears in a subordinate, defining clause that elaborates on the seascape's features. These verbs, for example, add specificity to the “long reefs” “that rang with returning waves and flashed with ebbing ripples,” point to the small lakes “that fed and saved from sunburning,” define the immeasurable beauties “that go with [the sea's] sacred strength,” and name the lusters “that shiver and shift.” At the sentence's conclusion, two predicates finally reveal its raison d’être in terms of plot: the wonders of the sea “drew his heart back day after day and satisfied it.” These are the events that motivate the description of the sea, but for most of the sentence's unfolding they are eclipsed, bowled over by the shimmering grammatical elaboration. Swinburne insistently adds adjectives to his nouns, singly and in multiples: “long reefs,” “returning waves,” “sharp slopes,” “small brilliant lakes,” “blue and golden bloom,” “sharp delicate air,” “dry and luminous brine,” “faint and fierce lustres.” Sometimes the adjectives are comparatives (“yellower lilies and redder roses”), and at others Swinburne piles adjectives all around a noun, surrounding it in a halo of modifiers, as in “the sharp and fine sea-mosses, fruitful,” “the hard sand inlaid,” and “sudden colour woven.” The adjectival imperative is so strong that it infiltrates and dilutes the verbs’ efficacy to signal action. In addition to the defining verbs (“that rang,” “that fed,” “that go,” “that shiver and shift”), two more verbs appear near the end of the passage in the form of the participles “girdling” and “reaching.” These do not name events but rather describe an enduring arrangement of “broad bands of metallic light” and a recurrent effect of water and light “reaching from dusk to dusk.” They, too, contribute to the adjectival mode that dominates this prose.
18
Pearson, Matt. "Predicate raising and perception verb complements in Malagasy." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 36, no. 3 (November 27, 2017): 781–849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-017-9388-6.
Full text
19
Kukatova, O. A. "Russian Emotive Verbs in the Semantic Classification of Predicates." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-1-242-250.
Full textAbstract:
The present research features predicates expressed by Russian reflexive emotive verbs. The paper focuses on statements containing reflexive emotive verbs and their convertible correlates, e.g. volnovatsia – volnovat, trevozhitsia – trevozhit, serditsia – serdit, etc. The research objective was to determine the place of these pairs of emotive verbs in the semantic classification of predicates of the Russian language. The author used the method of semantic testing for localization / non-localization on time axis and controllability / non-controllability. The method made it possible to assign these predicates to a particular class, as well as to reveal in their semantic structure a derived value that has not been fixed by explanatory dictionaries. As a result, the predicates were split into two semantic classes, i.e. properties and states. The division was confirmed by semantic tests for localization / non-localization on time axis and controllability / non-controllability. According to the tests, the predicates expressed by the convergent pairs of emotive verbs were included in the group of state predicates, due to their localization on the time axis. The semantic sign of uncontrollability was inherent in the studied predicates of the state in their emotive meaning. Acquisition by these predicates of the meaning "purposeful activity", "imitation of an emotional state", "opportunity, duty", and, accordingly, the sign of controllability made it possible to classify them as a group of activity predicates.
20
Petrova, Anna A., and Marina I. Solnyshkina. "Immediate recall as a secondary text: Referential parameters, pragmatics and propositions." Russian Journal of Linguistics 25, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 221–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-1-221-249.
Full textAbstract:
Since the process of recalling combines comprehension and speech production, it is viewed as an extremely complex though understudied linguo-cognitive phenomenon. Recalls as secondary texts or text derivatives are also considered to be a good material to explore cognitive aspects of secondary texts production, information conversion procedures and types of transformations of primary texts. The notion of secondary texts also implies multiplicity, as an original text may be retranslated into numerous secondary texts different in quality and degree of completeness. The purpose of the study is to model the propositional secondary retold texts and to identify the specifics of the recipients interpretation of the main event in the text. It is aimed at discriminating the differences between the primary expository text and its 134 immediate recalls produced by 15-year old native Russian speakers. In order to reveal the specifics of the propositional content of a primary expository text and its recalls, their recipients used the following methodological operations: the description and interpretation of the semantic roles of the first and second arguments aligned to predicates on the basis of the verbs semantic properties; the employment of the psycholinguistic model of the utterances generation; the characteristic of memory as a complex of cognitive and mnemic processes; the definition of cognitive-semantic discourse structures; and the understanding of a proposition as a stable component of an utterance independent of the surface grammar. The comparison of the original text and its recalls with the use of innovative denotative maps enabled us to define successful and unsuccessful expression of propositional structures and the main idea of the original text. The classification of texts includes four groups based on the number of the reproduced propositions and types (weak or successful) of the reflection of the primary text denotative card. The authors designed and successfully implemented an innovative 11 stage-algorithm of revealing patterns of a printed text comprehension and its immediate recalls including the primary visual perception of the text, its primary interpretation, reading, encoding, reflection, preparation for an oral presentation, desobjectivation (distribution of semantic roles), interpretation, reflection, oral implementation and text. The work fills in certain gaps in the research, such as the specifics of immediate recalls production, identification of changes in propositional structures of immediate recalls, and expanding the corpus of semantic roles similar to Frame Net. The findings can be successfully applied in natural language processing and linguistic didactics.
21
SILONI, TAL, JULIA HORVATH, HADAR KLUNOVER, and KEN WEXLER. "Idiom storage and the lexicon." Journal of Linguistics 54, no. 1 (October 25, 2017): 189–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226717000251.
Full textAbstract:
Using a new methodology, the paper reports experimental work that sheds light on the organization of the lexicon, the storage technique of phrasal idioms, and the derivation of various diatheses. We conducted an experiment to examine the pattern of distribution of phrasal idioms across several diatheses. Native speakers of Hebrew were taught invented Hebrew idioms inspired by French idioms. The idioms were headed by predicates of three diatheses: a verbal passive, an adjectival passive, and an unaccusative verb. After learning the idioms, the participants evaluated for each idiom how likely it was that it shared its idiomatic meaning with its transitive version. The results show that the distribution of phrasal idioms depends on the diathesis of their head. Subjects perceived the likelihood of the verbal passive to share idiomatic meanings with its transitive counterpart as significantly higher than that of both the adjectival passive and the unaccusative. The findings provide support for the claim that phrasal idioms are stored in the lexicon, not in an extra-grammatical component, since their perception by speakers turned out to be dependent on a grammatical property, the diathesis. This dependency can be explained if phrasal idioms are stored as subentries of their head. The findings also reinforce the view that adjectival passives and unaccusatives are listed in the lexicon, but not verbal passives. Finally, they support the existence of an active lexicon, where thematic operations can apply.
22
Pytlyk, Carolyn. "This sentence sucks to analyse: Are suck, bite, blow, and work tough-predicates?" Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 56, no. 2 (July 2011): 247–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100003169.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper investigates tough-predicates and whether four verbs (suck, bite, blow, and work) can function as this type of predicate. The theoretical analysis uses two syntactic and two semantic properties of prototypical tough-predicates to determine the status of the tough-verb candidates. Syntactically, tough-predicates select a to-infinitival complement and require a referential dependency between the matrix subject and the object gap in the complement clause. Semantically, the matrix subject must possess an inherent or permanent property and tough-predicates assign an “experiencer” role. From these four diagnostic properties, the analysis concludes that suck, bite, and blow are indeed tough-verbs, while the conclusions concerning work are less definitive. To complement the conclusions of the theoretical analysis, native speaker judgements were collected from 22 Canadian English speakers. The results show that for a majority of the consultants, suck, bite, and blow can function as tough-predicates. The behaviour of these verbs suggests that suck, bite, and blow (and possibly work) should be added to the small list of known tough-verbs.
23
Katsika, Argyro, David Braze, Ashwini Deo, and Maria Mercedes Piñango. "Complement Coercion." Mental Lexicon 7, no. 1 (June 8, 2012): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.7.1.03kat.
Full textAbstract:
Although Complement Coercion has been systematically associated with computational cost, there remains a serious confound in the experimental evidence built up in previous studies. The confound arises from the fact that lexico-semantic differences within the set of verbs assumed to involve coercion have not been taken into consideration. From among the set of verbs that have been reported to exhibit complement coercion effects we identified two clear semantic classes — aspectual verbs and psychological verbs. We hypothesize that the semantic difference between the two should result in differing processing profiles. Aspectual predicates (begin) trigger coercion and processing cost while psychological predicates (enjoy) do not. Evidence from an eye-tracking experiment supports our hypothesis. Coercion costs are restricted to aspectual predicates while no such effects are found with psychological predicates. These findings have implications for how these two kinds of predicates might be lexically encoded as well as for whether the observed interpolation of eventive meaning can be attributed to type-shifting (e.g., McElree, Traxler, Pickering, Seely, & Jackendoff, 2001) or to pragmatic-inferential processes (e.g., De Almeida, 2004).
24
Kruitwagen, Imke, Yoad Winter, and James Hampton. "Reciprocal predicates: a prototype model." Experiments in Linguistic Meaning 1 (July 30, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/elm.1.4868.
Full textAbstract:
Many languages have verbal stems like hug and marry whose intransitive realization is interpreted as reciprocal. Previous semantic analyses of such reciprocal intransitives rely on the assumption of symmetric participation. Thus, 'Sam and Julia hugged' is assumed to entail both 'Sam hugged Julia' and 'Julia hugged Sam'. In this paper we report experimental results that go against this assumption. It is shown that although symmetric participation is likely to be preferred by speakers, it is not a necessary condition for accepting sentences with reciprocal verbs. To analyze the reciprocal alternation, we propose that symmetric participation is a typical feature connecting the meanings of reciprocal and binary forms. This accounts for the optionality as well as to the preference of this feature. Further, our results show that agent intentionality often boosts the acceptability of sentences with reciprocal verbs. Accordingly, we propose that intentionality is another typical semantic feature of such verbs, separate from symmetric participation.
25
Bowern, Claire. "The diachrony of complex predicates." Diachrony of Complex Predication 25, no. 2 (September 8, 2008): 161–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.25.2.03bow.
Full textAbstract:
While complex predicate constructions, including light verb structures and verb serialisation, are found in many of the world’s languages, there has been little diachronic work on these structures to date. In this paper I survey the state of the field and describe current ideas on the origins and development of complex predicates. In particular, I show that the assumption of cline-like development from parataxis to affix (through serialisation, light verbs and auxiliation) is too simplistic. Finally, I review arguments in favor of and against views of light verbs as stable structures.
26
Lødrup, Helge. "Long passives in Norwegian: Evidence for complex predicates." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 37, no. 3 (November 19, 2014): 367–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586514000262.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this article is to show that Norwegian has complex predicates, in which two verbs are reanalyzed as one predicate in a monoclausal structure, comparable to complex predicates that have been proposed for other languages. The central evidence comes from the construction called the long passive, in which the subject of the first verb is typically the patient of the second verb. Norwegian long passives often have passive morphology on both verbs, and I consider this a case of verbal feature agreement. The article also discusses evidence for complex predicates from active sentences.
27
Nolan, Brian. "Complex predicates and light verb constructions in Modern Irish." Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 27, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 140–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.27.1.06nol.
Full textAbstract:
This paper characterises complex predicates and light verb constructions in Modern Irish. Light verbs are attested in many of the world’s languages (Alsina, Bresnan & Sells, 2001; Butt, 1995, 2003). Cross linguistically, there appears to be a common class of verbs involved in these constructions and generally there is agreement that light verbs contribute to the formation of complex predicates. Light verbs seem have a non-light or ‘heavy’ verb counterpart. In this paper we discuss the light verb constructions (LVC) as found in modern Irish and how they form complex predicates. We claim that the light verb (LV) encodes the event process initiation (or cause) and the matrix verb indicates the bounded component or result. In light verb constructions, the matrix verb appears in Modern Irish syntax as a verbal-noun form. The function of light verbs in these constructions is to modulate the event and sub-event semantics. We distinguish between auxiliary verbs constructions (AVC) and those constructions involving complex predicated and light verbs (Aikhenvald & Dixon, 2006; Anderson, 2006). We provide evidence based on an analysis of Irish data that shows how aspect and argument structure considerations are resolved for the complex predicate within the light verb construction via the linking system between semantics and syntax. We motivate a functional account, based on Role and Reference Grammar (Nolan, 2012; Nolan & Diedrichsen, 2013; Van Valin, 2005; Van Valin & LaPolla, 1997), that appeals to the analysis of complex predicates within a consideration of the layered structure of the clause.
28
Aldai, Gontzal. "Complex predicates, simple inflecting verbs, and “uninflecting verbs” in Pre-Basque." Linguistics 58, no. 6 (November 25, 2020): 1609–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0230.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHow might Basque have looked before it came in contact with Latin? This interesting line of research may give us an idea of what the pre-Indo-European languages of Europe might have looked like, and it may help clarify how much contact-induced change Basque might have undergone during the last two millennia or so. The present paper puts forward the hypothesis that, towards the end of the Era (BC), Pre-Basque used to have a small class of verbs. These verbs were inflected for person and tense-aspect (although we know little about the specific characteristics of this inflectional system). Together with this small class of verbs, Pre-Basque had a larger group of uninflecting elements that combined with the inflecting verbs to form complex predicates. The group of uninflecting elements included bare nouns, adjectives, possibly adverbs, ideophones, and what I will call “uninflecting verbs”. The exact nature of these “uninflecting verbs” is hard to determine at this point, but they may have constituted a distinct part of speech. Certainly, this type of verbal organization is reminiscent of one common in Northern Australia. Thus, this paper also compares the reconstruction proposed for Pre-Basque with the verbal system typical in Northern Australian languages, to conclude that the similarities are remarkable and, therefore, that the verbal organization of Pre-Basque was quite different from that of the modern Western European languages, including Modern Basque.
29
Matsumoto, Meiko. "The Verbshaveandtakein Composite Predicates and Phrasal Verbs." Studia Neophilologica 79, no. 2 (December 2007): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00393270701699591.
Full text
30
Romero, Maribel. "Surprise-Predicates, Strong Exhaustivity and Alternative Questions." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 25 (November 8, 2015): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v25i0.3081.
Full textAbstract:
Factive emotive verbs like surprise and disappoint disallow the strongly exhaustive reading of wh-questions and do not embed alternative questions (nor polar questions) (Guerzoni & Sharvit 2007; Lahiri 1991; a.o.). This paper develops a novel account of this correlation by exploiting a property of surprise-type verbs so-far overlooked in the question literature: their focus-sensitivity. These verbs are treated as degree constructions where the comparison term –the selected type of answer to the question– must be a member of the comparison class C shaped by focus. Strongly exhaustive answers of wh-questions do not match the comparison class and are thus ruled out. Alternative questions fail to produce a suitable C both for strongly and for weakly exhaustive answers and are, hence, entirely disallowed.
31
Godzich, Anna. "I verbi di servizio (modali, aspettuali e causativi) e i verbi supporto nelle grammatiche descrittive d’italiano dal 1953 al 2005." Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 47, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strop.2020.472.002.
Full textAbstract:
The paper deals with Italian helping verbs (modal, aspectual, causative verbs) and light verbs which form complex predicates and with the rules that guide its use in Italian descriptive grammars published in Italy between 1953 and 2005. The author shows that those forms in both – traditional and contemporary Italian descriptive grammars are treated at the level of word classes whereas it could be more appropriate to discuss them as clause elements as they form complex predicates. In our opinion this way of describing such verbs is due to the tradition in Italy to focus on a form and not on function of an element. What is more, Italian grammarians tend to omit in Italian descriptive grammars noun predicationand the role of semantic predicate (n pred.). The goal of the paper is to present the advantages of an integrated approach to helping verbs (modal, aspectual, causative verbs) and light verbs in modern Italian. The author emphasizes its importance for contemporary Italian FL syntax teaching.
32
Панков, Ф. И., and А. О. Пищурова. "VERBS OF MOVEMENT AS INDICATORS OF SENSE RELATIONS IN DESCRIPTIVE PREDICATES (A FRAGMENT OF A LINGUODIDACTIC MODEL OF RUSSIAN GRAMMAR)." Russkii iazyk za rubezhom, no. 1(284) (March 18, 2021): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37632/pi.2021.284.1.003.
Full textAbstract:
Одна из лакун лингводидактической модели русской грамматики – описательные предикаты, неотъемлемой составной частью которых являются показатели смысловых отношений – экспликаторы. Статья представляет собой опыт анализа глаголов движения во вторичной семантической функции в качестве экспликаторов. В статье рассмотрена полевая структура категории описательных предикатов с глаголами движения, включающая ядро, приядерную зону и периферию. Языковой материал показал, что в основе образования описательных предикатов с глаголами движения лежит семантика однословного коррелята. Корректное использование глаголов движения в составе описательных предикатов позволит инофонам, с одной стороны, успешно решить свои коммуникативные потребности, а с другой – сделать речь более образной и эмоциональной. One of the lacunae of the linguodidactic model of Russian grammar is descriptive predicates, an integral part of which are indicators of semantic relations – explicators. The article presents the experience of analyzing verbs of movement in the secondary semantic function as explicators. The article considers the field structure of the category of descriptive predicates with verbs of movement, including the core, the prionuclear zone and the periphery. The language material has showed that the formation of descriptive predicates with verbs of movement is based on the semantics of the one-word correlate. Correct use of verbs of movement as part of descriptive predicates will allow foreign speakers, on the one hand, to successfully solve their communication needs, and on the other hand, to make speech more imaginative and emotional.
33
Muso Yuldashev. "DESCRIPTION OF LEXICAL SEMANTIC GROUPS OF EXPOUNDING SEMANTICS (ON THE MATERIAL OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE WITH RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS)." International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science, no. 2(14) (February 28, 2019): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ijitss/28022019/6371.
Full textAbstract:
This article deals with classification of expounding predicates in the Uzbek language. Analyzing the sources, 6 lexical-semantic groups of expounding predicates were defined. The most effective ones are informative predicates, we chose lexical-semantic predicates of the verbs “speak”, “say” from them. Predicates included in this group have general lexical content of situation which locates in the core of the sentence. Predicates of this group have typological lexical meaning of messages and transmission of information about any situation. The construction of indirect speech is considered as informative predicates. Expounding predicates express why the situation wasn’t a source, but a core of its reason.
34
Alexiadou, Artemis. "English psych verbs and the causative alternation: A case study in the history of English." Questions and Answers in Linguistics 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/qal-2016-0003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper discusses the absence of the causative alternation with psych predicates in English from a comparative perspective. It argues that English lacks the psych causative alternation due to a combination of factors that have been pointed out independently in the literature, but not discussed in the context of the literature on the causative alternation in the non-psych domain: i) several object experiencer predicates got reanalyzed as subject experiencer verbs, ii) English borrowed new object experiencer predicates from verb classes that do not participate in the causative alternation, and ii) the v as well as the Voice layer of English that participated in the building of these verbs were also affected by changes in their properties.
35
Dekydtspotter, Laurent, and Hyun-Kyoung Seo. "TRANSITIVITY IN THE PROCESSING OF INTRANSITIVE CLAUSES." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 39, no. 3 (June 2, 2016): 527–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263116000188.
Full textAbstract:
We document weak garden paths after intransitive verbs, modulated by intransitivity type, in the treatment of DP1 Vintransitive DP2 V2 sequences as in As the journalist arrived the editor postponed the meeting in first language (L1) and second language (L2) sentence processing. In a noncumulative moving-window experiment, 25 English native speakers and 22 low-intermediate Korean learners of English with no naturalistic exposure read critical items in which a subordinate clause was either headed by an intransitive verb (unaccusative vs. unergative) or by a copular predicate. A linear mixed model revealed greater processing loads evidenced in longer reading times on V2 after intransitive verbs than after copular predicates. This finding echoes post hoc observations in Juffs (2004). These asymmetries were driven by significantly greater loads after unaccusative verbs than after copular predicates and unergative verbs. These asymmetries, found in both L1 and L2, are unexpected on the basis of valence information only, as one-place predicates should rule out a second argument. However, we argue that they receive an explanation if parsing involves the interaction of lexically encoded intransitivity information with a transitivity prediction.
36
Ojanguren López, Ana Elvira. "The lexical representation of English verbs of action. Complex predicates and structures." Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas 14, no. 1 (July 19, 2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/rlyla.2019.11080.
Full textAbstract:
<p>This article aims at proposing a lexical representation for a set of English verbs of action. The analysis is carried out on the grounds of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) and includes aspects like <em>Aktionsart </em>type, macrorole and syntactic function assignment, linking, as well as nexus and juncture. Against this background, the meaning components of the verbs in question are analysed, in such a way that a logical structure based on a lexical representation is defined for each verbal class. Conclusions fall on both the descriptive and the theoretical side. From the descriptive point of view, <em>Fail </em>and <em>Try </em>verbs constitute a unified verbal class as regards their meaning components and grammatical behaviour and, thus, they are represented by means of a unified logical structure. Conversely, <em>Prevent </em>verbs and <em>Forbid </em>verbs require different logical structures that account for their divergent grammatical behaviour, corresponding to the Causative Activity and Causative Achievement <em>Aktionsart </em>types respectively. On the theoretical side, the logical structures of <em>End </em>verbs, <em>Fail </em>verbs, <em>Try </em>verbs and <em>Prevent </em>verbs stick to the canonical representations of RRG, while those of <em>Hinder </em>verbs and <em>Refrain </em>verbs require complex predicates and complex logical structures which allow to incorporate extra meaning components and to combine different <em>Aktionsart </em>types.</p>
37
Ning Zhang, Niina. "Empty verbs in Chinese predicatives and complex predicates." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 14 (January 1, 1999): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.14.1999.13.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates syntactic properties of verbless constructions in Chinese. Verbless constructions differ from constructions with overt verbs in three major respects. First, there is a VP-internal nominal raising in Chinese, which is optional if an overt verb shows up, and obligatory if there is no overt verb. Second, while an overt verb can select various kinds of argument, the internal argument of a verbless construction cannot be indefinite. Third, there are two types of object depictive secondary predication constructions, and only one of them allows for a null verb.
38
XUE, NIANWEN, and MARTHA PALMER. "Adding semantic roles to the Chinese Treebank." Natural Language Engineering 15, no. 1 (January 2009): 143–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324908004865.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe report work on adding semantic role labels to the Chinese Treebank, a corpus already annotated with phrase structures. The work involves locating all verbs and their nominalizations in the corpus, and semi-automatically adding semantic role labels to their arguments, which are constituents in a parse tree. Although the same procedure is followed, different issues arise in the annotation of verbs and nominalized predicates. For verbs, identifying their arguments is generally straightforward given their syntactic structure in the Chinese Treebank as they tend to occupy well-defined syntactic positions. Our discussion focuses on the syntactic variations in the realization of the arguments as well as our approach to annotating dislocated and discontinuous arguments. In comparison, identifying the arguments for nominalized predicates is more challenging and we discuss criteria and procedures for distinguishing arguments from non-arguments. In particular we focus on the role of support verbs as well as the relevance of event/result distinctions in the annotation of the predicate-argument structure of nominalized predicates. We also present our approach to taking advantage of the syntactic structure in the Chinese Treebank to bootstrap the predicate-argument structure annotation of verbs. Finally, we discuss the creation of a lexical database of frame files and its role in guiding predicate-argument annotation. Procedures for ensuring annotation consistency and inter-annotator agreement evaluation results are also presented.
39
Stroik, Thomas. "Middles and Reflexivity." Linguistic Inquiry 30, no. 1 (January 1999): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438999553986.
Full textAbstract:
This article investigates the argument structure of middle predicates. It argues that middle verbs syntactically project the entire argument grids of their active counterparts; however, middle verbs, like passive verbs, project the external (Agent) arguments of their active counterparts as adjuncts. These demoted Agent arguments can appear, in middle constructions, as the objects of for-PPs.
40
Fábregas, Antonio. "Los verbos adimensionales." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 55, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.17018.fab.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The goal of this article is the analysis of the empirical properties of change of state verbs which do not specifiy lexically the dimension where change operates – such as aumentar ‘increase’, reducir ‘reduce’, acrecentar ‘increase’ –, and also to examine the theoretical consequences that this class has for our understanding of argument structure, the distinction between light and non-light predicates and the interconnection of structural and conceptual semantics. We will show that these verbs, which we label ‘adimensional predicates’ are sharply different from prototypical change of state verbs, and we argue that their existence supports a distinction between the syntactic structure of a verb of change of state and the conceptual operation that anchors the change to a specific cognitive domain.
41
Willim, Ewa. "On inchoative states. Evidence from modification of Polish perfective psych verbs by degree quantifiers." Questions and Answers in Linguistics 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/qal-2016-0008.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe special properties that psych(ological) verbs manifest cross-linguistically have given rise to on-going debates in syntactic and semantic theorizing. Regarding their lexical aspect classification, while verbal psych predicates with the Experiencer argument mapped onto the subject (SE psych predicates) have generally been analyzed as stative, there is little agreement on what kinds of eventualities object Experiencer (OE) psych predicates describe. On the stative reading, OE psych predicates have been classified as atelic causative states. On the (non-agentive) eventive reading, they have been widely analyzed as telic change of state predicates and classified as achievements or as accomplishments. Based on Polish, Rozwadowska (2003, 2012) argues that nonagentive eventive OE psych predicates in the perfective aspect denote an onset of a state and that they are atelic rather than telic. This paper offers further support for the view that Polish perfective psych verbs do not denote a change of state, i.e., a transition from α to ¬α. The evidence is drawn from verbal comparison and the distribution of the comparative degree quantifier jeszcze bardziej ‘even more’ in perfective psych predicates. It is argued here that in contexts including jeszcze bardziej ‘even more’, the perfective predication denotes an onset of a state whose degree of intensity exceeds the comparative standard. While a degree quantifier attached to the VP in the syntax contributes a differential measure function that returns a (vague) value representing the degree to which the intensity of the Experiencer’s state exceeds the comparative standard in the event, it does not affect the event structure of the perfective verb and it does not provide the VP denotation it modifies with a final endpoint. As the perfective picks the onset of an upper open state, perfective psych predicates typically give rise to an atelic interpretation.
42
Casasnovas Gil, Begoña. "Constructional patterns for perception predicates." Epos : Revista de filología, no. 23 (January 1, 2007): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/epos.23.2007.10550.
Full textAbstract:
Primero nos ocuparemos de la motivación desde el punto de vista lingüístico-cognitivo, según el cuál la motivación se entiende como el efecto que tiene el contenido semántico de una expresión lingüística en la forma. Después pasaremos a referirnos a los factores que restringen el uso de expresiones de percepción relacionadas con un cierto número de construcciones gramaticales. Las expresiones idiomáticas han resultado sermuy útiles para investigar las restricciones que el dominio de la percepción tiene en términos del enfoque construccional. El artículo muestra cómo el comportamiento de las expresiones de dicho dominio en función de la transitividad y la intransitividad puede explicarse si consideramos dos teorías, la construccional y la teoría convencional de la Metáfora Conceptual.
43
Civardi, Eugenio, and Pier Marco Bertinetto. "The semantics of degree verbs and the telicity issue." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 4, no. 1 (May 29, 2015): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.4.1.3398.
Full textAbstract:
This paper addresses the formal representation of Degree Verbs (DVs), also known as degree<br />achievements. After assessing the similarities and differences of DVs vis-à-vis the accomplishment<br />predicates within the set of “incremental theme verbs”, a double scale system is proposed to account for the telicity calculus. It is shown that DVs should be regarded as telic even though in most cases ,they do not imply culmination, but rather the mere attainment of a “contingent” telos. This formalism can be exploited to account for related phenomena, such as the so-called “conative oblique constructions” and “non-culminating” telic predicates
44
Moltmann, Friederike. "Truthmaker semantics for natural language: Attitude verbs, modals, and intensional transitive verbs." Theoretical Linguistics 46, no. 3-4 (October 1, 2020): 159–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tl-2020-0010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper gives an outline of truthmaker semantics for natural language against the background of standard possible-worlds semantics. It develops a truthmaker semantics for attitude reports and deontic modals based on an ontology of attitudinal and modal objects and on a semantic function of clauses as predicates of such objects. The semantics is applied to factive verbs and response-stance verbs as well as to cases of modal concord. The paper also presents new motivations for ‘object-based truthmaker semantics’ from intensional transitive verbs such as need, look for, own, and buy and gives an outline of their semantics based on a further development of truthmaker semantics.
45
Serrano-Losada, Mario. "On English turn out and Spanish resultar mirative constructions." Rise and Development of Evidential and Epistemic Markers 7, no. 1-2 (November 23, 2017): 160–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.7.1-2.07ser.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article focuses on the diachronic development of English turn out and Spanish resultar ‘turn out’ mirative constructions. Having undergone processes of semantic generalization over time, both verbs express evidential and, most prominently, mirative nuances in the present-day languages. This study explores the mechanisms that condition the evolution of turn out and resultar from their original meanings as lexical resultative and change-of-state verbs towards their eventual subjectification and grammaticalization as predicates conveying evidential and mirative senses. The present-day mirative constructions take that- and infinitival complement clauses in both languages. The analysis suggested here shows that both verbs exhibit diverging, though closely related, paths and degrees of grammaticalization. Moreover, this study delves into the further development of these predicates as parenthetical expressions. While English parenthetical turns out has already been grammaticalized, Spanish resulta may be on its way to becoming a grammaticalized parenthetical.
46
Hilpert, Martin, and Christian Koops. "A quantitative approach to the development of complex predicates." Diachrony of Complex Predication 25, no. 2 (September 8, 2008): 242–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.25.2.06hil.
Full textAbstract:
This paper traces the historical development of the Swedish Pseudo-Coordination construction with the posture verb sitta “sit”. In Swedish a small number of verbs, including posture verbs such as sitta, are used in coordination with another verb to convey that the described event has an extended duration or is in progress. Quantitative evidence from Swedish historical corpora suggests that the construction has, even after it established itself as a grammatical construction, undergone a number of gradual changes in the course of the past five centuries. As part of the Pseudo-Coordination construction, the verb sitta has changed its argument structure, and the entire construction has increased in syntactic cohesion.
47
Seelbach, Dieter. "Vers une structuration de dictionnaires servant à la Tao." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 22, no. 1-2 (December 31, 1999): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.22.1-2.10see.
Full textAbstract:
We have investigated the contrastive French-German aspects of about 50 simple nominal and compound adjectival predicates, and designed their entries for an electronic dictionary for computer-assisted translation. Their co-occurrence with support verbs expressing different aspectual semantic functions is coded; in the case of the nouns, their co-occurrence with determiners is also coded, as is the syntactic and semantic specification of their arguments in terms of semantic classes called “object classes”. As an illustration of the envisaged translation methodology based on lexicon-grammar, the syntactic tagging of different formal types of simple and compound predicates, and the semantic tagging of their arguments, are demonstrated with reference to a German newspaper text and its French translation. intex will be used not only for identifying and translating compound words or multi-word expressions, but also — as an additional, but necessary tool — for finding object classes together with their appropriate predicates and support verbs, because object classes are clearly syntactically defined.
48
Saragih, Elza Leyli Lisnora, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "Pola Pembentukan Konstruksi Verba Serial dalam Bahasa Batak Toba (Teori X-Bar)." GERAM 8, no. 1 (June 18, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/geram.2020.vol8(1).4432.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to describe the construction and how the formation pattern of serial verbs in Batak Toba language through X-bar theory. A qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques using note-taking and interview techniques was used. Data were collected from interviews with native speakers and the text of Toba Batak language almanac. In analyzing the data, a method of distribution was employed. The results showed that the formation pattern of serial verbs in the Batak Toba language consisted of 4 types namely which were [transitive V1+ transitive V2], [transitive V1+intransitive V2], [intransitive V1+ transitive V2], and [intransitive V1 + intransitive V2]. The first type, [transitive V1+ transitive V2] is formed from the predicate that followed by the object + the predicate and followed by the object. The next formation, [V1 transitive + V2 intransitive] is formed from predicates followed by object + predicates and not followed by the object. The later type, [V1 intransitive + V2 transitive] is formed from predicates that not followed by object + predicates and followed by an object. Further, the last type, [intransitive V1 + V2] is formed from a predicate not followed by an object + a predicate and not followed by an object.
49
Gulö, Ingatan. "Predicates of Indonesian and English Simple Sentences." TEKNOSASTIK 15, no. 2 (October 18, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33365/ts.v15i2.102.
Full textAbstract:
This paper was developed from a research report presented in The Third Southern Region of Sumatera TEFLIN held by Sriwijaya University in 2014. Comments recieved by the participants of the seminar and following studies done on the topic made it possible for this article to find its way to be published in a journal. As Indonesian and English sentences realize their predicates by using different kinds of syntactic categories, most learners of English having Indonesian as their linguistic background face difficulties in understanding the language. This is a contrastive study done by conducting an analytical analysis on simple sentences of both languages. The result of this research shows that both English and Indonesian sentences employ verbs as their predicates. However, in addition to verbs, Indonesian sentences also use other kinds of syntactic categories such as nouns, adjectives, etc. to be the predicates of sentences. These main differences of English and Indonesian systems have to be underlined in learning process and teaching English to learners in order to avoid grammatical mistakes.
50
Willim, Ewa. "On Scalarity in the Verbal Domain. The Case of Polish Psych Verbs. Part 1: Polish Perfective Psych Verbs and Their Prefixes." Studies in Polish Linguistics 15, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 221–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23005920spl.20.010.13163.
Full textAbstract:
Polish perfective psych verbs are generally analyzed as inceptive predicates focusing the beginning of an emotional state holding of an experiencer. However, a perfective psych verb can also denote an event of gradual scalar change. In this paper, I argue that on the inceptive reading a perfective psych predicate denotes a transition from a state in which p does not hold to a state in which p holds of an experiencer. In events of gradual change, there is an increase in the degree on the scale of intensity of a given psych state or on the (abstract) extent scale contributed by a verb’s argument. As the internal temporal structure of the events denoted by perfective psych predicates can depend on elements of syntactic context outside the verb, the domain of aspectual composition in Polish is not the verb, pace Rothstein (2020), but VoiceP/vP.