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Journal articles on the topic 'Predicative rhetoric'
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1
Ivanyuk, Boris. "Metaphorical Code of Perceiving a Literary Text." Pitannâ lìteraturoznavstva, no. 101 (July 9, 2020): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2020.101.047.
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In this case, metaphor is regarded in a receptive aspect, as a place of author’s and reader’s dialogic encounter. It is also considered as a subject of reflection that acquires some features of literary being. The article deals with a selective nature of such a structural component of a metaphor as the predicate, as well as emphasizes semantic relativity of a metaphor. Metaphor is viewed as linguistic co-being in relation to being. The paper suggests a description of a conventional algorithm of dialogic perception of a metaphor. It also sets forward an assumption that the immanent assimilation of the text is possible provided it is assigned with the features of a self-sufficient and unconditional reality, which unites both of its basic characteristics (the content and the form) into a single form-content unity, whereas the text sources acquire additional meaning of the context, with which they are interrelated. As for professional reading of the text, the article under studies regards the two interconnected procedures: analysis and interpretation, which may be compared to a dual perception of the object of metaphoric reflection: internal (usage) and external (in a predicative edition). The essence of analysis (reproduction) lies, above all, in its empathic usage in the text, that is in questioning the structural-semantic unity of the text as a peculiar form-content reality, created by demiurgic author’s will and intention. The major point of interpretation is closely associated with reflecting metaphoric codes of the text in recipient’s individual consciousness. In particular, in the circumstances, proposed by the postmodernist image of the world, there take place structural changes in the text itself. Consequently, it leads to a growing role of play rhetoric in the text formation. The figures of this type of rhetoric aim at persuading the reader in text reality as in a mimetic simulacrum, devoid of referential connections.
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Saeed, Unaiza, Muhammad Zammad Aslam, Abdulrehman Khan, Mahnoor Khan, Maria Atiq, and Humayun Bhatti. "Rhetorical and Persuasive Strategies Employed by Imran Khan in his Victory Speech: A Socio-Political Discourse Analysis." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 2 (2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n2p349.
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This study aims to explore the rhetorical and persuasive strategies employed by a political leader to propagate his ideology using language. It intends to critically analyze the victory speech of Pakistani Premier Imran Khan (IK)—the Chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI)—which he delivered at the Prime Minister House, Islamabad, after being elected as the 22nd Premier of Pakistan in 2018. The researchers attempt to unveil and analyze critically the strategies that worked behind this speech to persuade the audience. Different linguistic tools used for projecting and achieving political power have been identified and scrutinized. The qualitative analysis of the speech is based on theory of Aristotle’s Rhetoric; Ethos, Pathos, Logos and other persuasive strategies like use of personal pronoun, predication strategy, and positive self-presentation and negative others-presentation employed by IK, and further to study how language carries the power of transforming the perception and political views of people. The findings suggest that political discourse is intentionally crafted to communicate and persuade people about specific ideologies located in the discourse in an implicit way and IK uses the Aristotelian rhetorical model comprising of rhetoric, predication strategy, and self-presentation and negative Others-presentation strategy to persuade his audience to follow his hidden agendas.
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Jarayseh, Khader. "Characteristics of Structures in the Poetry of Guests in Abu Tammam’s Hamasa: An Analytical Rhetorical Study." International Journal of Educational Sciences and Arts 3, no. 9 (2024): 69–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.59992/ijesa.2024.v3n9p4.
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This study aims to apply rhetorical and semantic rules to the "Chapter of Guests" in Abu Tammam's Ḥamāsah. It focuses on rhetorical structures with different patterns through the relationship between the predicate and the subject, whether in literal or metaphorical predication, as well as the types of information, affirmations, imperative and non-imperative constructions, and the characteristics of sentence components, including: (restriction, omission, and mention). The study discusses the rhetorical purposes carried by these structures. Grammarians have delved deep into poetry and its meanings, as poetry is an aesthetic phenomenon that stems from language, reflecting human genius. Scholars and grammarians have explored the vocabulary and suggestive meanings of poetry to uncover its essence. This study also addresses some grammatical rules, given the high quality of Abu Tammam's choices in wisdom and eloquence. Abu Tammam was a prominent figure, engaging linguists with his poetry through various studies and research.
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Giunta, Fabio. "Il Predicatore di Francesco Panigarola: un nuovo modello di eloquenza sacra per il seicento." Acta Neophilologica 45, no. 1-2 (2012): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.45.1-2.109-118.
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The seventeenth century marks the advent of preaching, in both Italy and Europe, as a literary form. Francesco Panigarola (1548-1594) did certainly play a major role in this process thanks to his treatises on sacred oratory and years of preaching activity in several Italian and European cities - during which he developed important relationships and personally experienced some of the most significant events of the century. Panigarolaʼs Il predicatore is a seventeenth-century example of rhetoric that whilst based on classical oratory complies with the precepts of the Counter- Reformation. This treaty, published posthumously in 1609, is structured as a commentary on the pseudo-Demetriusʼs work on eloquence. Il predicatore, besides serving as an Italian/Florentine translation of and commentary on Pier Vettoriʼs De elocutione (the Latin version of Perì Ermeneias), passes on and adapts the rhetorical precepts of classical oratory to the renewed exigencies of the language and of Italian preachers.
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Collins, Peter. "Extraposition in English." Functions of Language 1, no. 1 (1994): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.1.1.03col.
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This paper, which is based on a corpus of contemporary Australian English, investigates the structural and communicative properties of extraposed clause constructions. Such constructions will often be superficially similar to right-dislocated constructions, but are generally distinguishable from these on structural, communicative and prosodie grounds. If there are no grammatical factors impeding extraposition (such as a matrix predicate containing a subordinate clause or an identified complement), then finite and infinitival clauses may be freely extraposed. Present-participials, which are more highly nominalised, extrapose less freely. The matrix predicate, which typically expresses an 'objectified epistemic or moral judgement, exhibits a variety of structural patterns. Dominant among these is the 'Subject~Predicator~Predicative Complement' pattern, with the complement most commonly realised as an adjectival phrase. Three communicative factors which influence extraposition may be identified: 'weight*, information, and theme. The data suggest that there is strong pressure in English to avoid sentences with a clause as subject in initial position and a comparatively light matrix predicate in final position. Non-extraposed sentences with a clausal subject in fact require special rhetorical and/or cohesive motivation, their infrequent occurrence reflecting the preferred 'given - before -new' ordering found in English. Just as important as the end-positioning of material in extraposition is the initialisation of an expression of the speaker's angle, enabling it to serve as the theme.
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Kanafieva, Alya V. "Interrogative modifications of mononuclear and two-member sentences in modern Russian." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 1, no. 24 (2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2021-1-24-67-73.
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The purpose of the article is to define and characterize the paradigm of interrogative modifications of mononuclear and two-member sentences that have the function of an expressive message, which do not imply a verbally expressed answer. The article substantiates the convenience of their definition as rhetorical statements. Members of each paradigm are analyzed from the point of view of their structure and semantic features, considering not only the standard meanings of denial, affirmation and subjective reflection, but also modal and emotional-evaluative shades. The article points out the peculiarities of their intonation which is different from the intonation of an interrogative sentence; the specifics of the structure (the presence of reinterpreted interrogative-pronominal words (pronominal components) and interrogative particles, that represent rhetorical formants); a complex of subjective-modal meanings. These properties create the expressiveness of the analyzed models. We also draw attention to their phraseological character, though the degree of their impenetrability is not as high as that of the actual phraseological units. Taking into consideration the above aspects, we analyze the paradigm of interrogative modifications of some mononuclear and two-member sentences with a supporting component что, also included in the analytical predicative combinations что толку, что пользы, что нужды, etc. We note the specifics of modal-temporal meanings of interrogative modifications in comparison with typical structural models of mononuclear and two-member sentences, as well as a tendency towards generalization of these meanings. Standard predicate-modal meanings of inexpediency and unimportance are enriched with various emotional shades of subjective modality. Among the analyzed models, the article highlights evaluative ones with a predicate что (что такое) in two-member models and with analytical predicate forms: что хорошего (плохого, удивительного, странного, etc.).
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Sama'an, Mohammed. "The deep semantics of the rhetorical style in the speech of the dignified guests of Abraham." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Language Sciences and Literature, no. 30 (December 15, 2022): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/ll72613771.
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This research deals with the study of rhetorical methods/styles from the perspective of semantics and rhetoric in the speech of the honored guests of Abraham in the three positions in the holy Koran. The researcher attempted to reveal the semantic secrets and the moral tones underlying the structures of these rhetorical methods after deep analysis and exploration of the depths of the moral fields that came/were used to express them. The researcher insisted on revealing how the previous and subsequent contexts affected and were affected by those methods and their implications. By careful exploration and induction, it has been found that the speech has carefully used the predicate of the subject with all its types, questioning, metaphor, synecdoche, euphemism. The research concluded that deep connotations and precise moral tones of the structures of these methods were observed through exploring the topics that came/were used to express them in the speech of the guests to their host. The research also proved that no other structures could be used to convey the same message.
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Kozlovskaya, A. A. "The Expressive Potential of Predicative Constructions in Poetry of the Silver Age (A. Akhmatova, S. Esenin, V. Mayakovsky)." Russian Studies in Philology, no. 2 (May 3, 2025): 45–56. https://doi.org/10.18384/2949-5008-2025-2-45-56.
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Aim. To study and describe functional features personal and impersonal predicative constructions with semantic of mental state and evaluation, including them as part of rhetorical expressions.Methodology. The linguistic material from the poetry of A. Akhmatova, S. Esenin and V. Mayakovsky was collected and analysed by using the targeted sampling method. Lexicographic method, functional and semantic method as methods of analysis were also used.Results. The research revealed that the predicative makes the semantic center of statement, allowing the author to express most fully and capaciously his feelings, state of mind, to evaluate the object or phenomena, to turn poetic text into expressive in combination with distributive words.Research implications. The study results allow to discover expressive potential of predicative, expand the information about pictorial language of A. Akhmatova, S. Esenin, V. Mayakovsky and can be used for working with poetic texts of other authors of the Silver age. Synthesis of new material on the studied topic allows to re-introduce into scientific turn the animistic predicative notion.
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بهاءالدین حزبئی, بهاءالدین حزبئی, and جواد سعدون زاده. "Perception and ratification in logic, grammar and rhetoric." Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 35 (2018): 413–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2018/v1.i35.6220.
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The research concluded with a set of results, including: 1- The stability of the terms perception and ratification in the sixth century AH at the hands of Al-Sakaki after separating the sciences and arts from each other, and the dominance of the dialectical tendency on (Miftah Al-Uloom), and the predominance of the rational and logical view over it. 2- Every assent is preceded by imagination. 3- (Yes) is the mother of the affirmative and affirmative letters, as it enters the predicate, the interrogative, the affirmation, and the negation, so it indicates affirmation of what preceded it, whether it was affirmation or negation in the predicate and the interrogative, but it is at the objectionable for every word in which there is no negation. As for (yes), it does not come until after negation. 4- Attestation abounds in actual sentences, and is less in nominative sentences, because negation and affirmation only address meanings and events that are the indications of actions, not to the entities that are the meanings of nouns.
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Hakçioğlu, Yaser Ali. "Secrets of Rhetorical Placement and Order in the Qur’anic Structure." Din ve Bilim - Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi 8, no. 1 (2025): 67–77. https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1644580.
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The Holy Quran is the miraculous book that has left both humans and jinn in awe. It even challenged the Arabs, the masters of eloquence and rhetoric. This was due to its exceptional style, eloquent vocabulary, precise meanings, and beautiful composition, and diverse themes— qualities beyond human capability. One of the most remarkable aspects of the Quran’s miraculous nature is its unique style in presenting ideas and issues. The Quran’s style is harmonized with both reason and emotion, aligning with the context in which its speech is delivered. Its expressions perfectly match the situation for which the words were revealed. The styles of the Quran possess an extraordinary ability to express various states and circumstances, considering all contextual factors. This highlights its rhetorical inimitability, which even the most eloquent Arab poets and literary figures could not rival. The Quran’s styles vary depending on the context of the verses and the conditions of the audience. Sometimes, the situation necessitates the use of indefinite nouns or placing the predicate before the subject. In other instances, the conditions of the audience require definiteness, indefiniteness, omission, or the use of implicit references for the subject or predicate. This diversity in style is never arbitrary but is always guided by contextual indicators. This is why the Quran’s style is unique in its composition and profound in its presentation. Among the distinguished and eloquent styles found in the Quran is the rhetorical device of preposing (taqdim)—a stylistic choice that aligns with the intended meaning and the state of the audience. In the Quran, preposing only occurs when the intended meaning cannot be achieved without it. Similarly, postponement (ta’khir) occurs only when the intended meaning requires it. This stylistic technique is one of many found in the Quran, encompassing numerous rhetorical secrets and accompanying meanings. It is also present in both classical Arabic poetry and prose. In the Quran, this style appears in various contexts, carrying profound rhetorical and semantic significance. It often deviates from the conventional word order of Arabic sentences, serving specific rhetorical purposes. This stylistic feature is a mark of skilled literary expression, and writers and poets vary in their ability to employ it effectively. The Quran masterfully employs this technique as a means of unveiling specific meanings and rhetorical purposes that cannot be conveyed through any other structure. This study highlights the aesthetic value of this technique by examining its connection to context. There is a strong correlation between preposition in the Quran and the context in which it.
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الدكتور, عبد الكريم أمين محمد سليمان. "بَلاغَةُ الأُسلوُبِ القُرْآنيِّ في تقديمِ شِبهِ الجملَةِ مع لفظِ الجلالَةِ الله". International Jordanian Journal, Aryam Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (IJJA) 4, № 3 (2022): 97–125. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6494093.
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<strong> الملخص: </strong>يتميَّز الأسلوبُ القرآنيُّ بالدِّقَّة والجمال في نظمه وفي اختيار مفرداته وتراكيبه، وتشكيل صوره ورموزه ونغمه، ولذلك لا يتوقَّف إعجازُ القرآن عند المعاني فقط كما يذهب البعض، بل يمتزج الإعجاز القرآنيُّ بالأسلوب وبالصياغة أيضاً؛ فالألفاظ تَبَعٌ للمعاني، ومن ثمَّ فإنَّ أيَّ تغييرٍ في ترتيب رُتَبِ الكلمات يكون لخدمة المعنى والدلالة، وأنَّ هذا التغيير والعدول عن الترتيب المعتاد يكون مقصوداً ولتحقيق معنًى بعينه وإيصال دلالة محدَّدة إلى المتلقي، ولهذا السبب اهتمَّت كتب التفاسير والبلاغة فضلاً عن النحاة بدراسة كلِّ عدولٍ، ومن أهمِّها باب التقديم والتأخير لأهميَّته في تحقيق المعنى، وقد توسَّع الأسلوبُ القرآنيُّ في استعماله حتَّى صار إحدى أبرز الخصائص الأسلوبيَّة للخطاب القرآنيِّ. وتحاول هذه الدراسة أن تعرض لحالةٍ واحدة من حالات التقديم والتأخير، وهي تقديم شبه الجملة الخبر على المبتدأ، وفي موضوعٍ خطابيٍّ محدَّدٍ، وهو خطاب القرآن عن لفظ الجلالة (الله) الذي جاء في محلِّ جرِّ خبرٍ مقدَّم على المبتدأ في بعض مواضع القرآن التي تتحدَّث عن قضيَّة التوحيد وألوهيَّة الخالق - عزَّ وجلَّ – وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المناهج اللغوية في عرضها، وجاءت الدراسة في مقدِّمةٍ ومبحثين، تناول الأوَّلُ اسم الجلالة (لله) شبه جملة خبر مقدَّم والمبتدأ المؤخَّر (اسم)، بينما تناول الآخر مجيء اسم الجلالة شبه الجملة (لله) خبر مقدَّم للاسم الموصول العام (ما) و(مَن). <strong>الكلمات المفتاحية:</strong> القرآن، الله، بلاغة، الأسلوب، التقديم. <strong> Abstract</strong><strong>:</strong> The Qur’anic style is characterized by accuracy and beauty in its systems and in the selection of its vocabulary and structures, and the formation of its images, symbols and tone. Therefore, the miracle of the Qur’an does not stop at the meanings only, as some say, but the Qur’anic miracle is mixed with style and formulation as well. The words follow the meanings, and therefore any change in the order of the word orders is to serve the meaning and significance, and that this change and departure from the usual order is intended to achieve a specific meaning and deliver a specific indication to the recipient, and for this reason the books of interpretation and rhetoric, as well as grammarians, have been interested in studying every just and just. The most important of which is the door of introduction and delay due to its importance in achieving meaning, and the Qur’anic style has expanded in its use until it became one of the most prominent stylistic characteristics of the Qur’anic discourse. This study attempts to present one of the cases of introduction and delay, which is the presentation of the semi-sentence of the predicate of the predicate on the subject, and in a specific rhetorical topic, which is the Qur’an’s discourse on the word “God” that came in the place of a preposition of a predicate predicate on the subject in some places of the Qur’an that talk about The issue of monotheism and the divinity of the Creator - the Almighty - and the study relied on linguistic curricula in its presentation. The study came in an introduction and tow sections. The first dealt with the name of Majesty (God) a semi-sentence of a predicate predicate and a late subject (name), while the second dealt with the advent of the semi-sentenced name of Majesty (to God) a predicate of the general relative noun (ma) and (who). Keywords: Quran, God, Style, rhetoric, presentation.
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Dr., Abdelkarim Amin Mohamed Soliman. "The eloquence of the Qur'anic style in presenting the semi-sentence with the word God." International Jordanian Journal, Aryam Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (AIJJ) 4, no. 3 (2022): 49–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10706613.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> The Qur’anic style is characterized by accuracy and beauty in its systems and in the selection of its vocabulary and structures, and the formation of its images, symbols and tone. Therefore, the miracle of the Qur’an does not stop at the meanings only, as some say, but the Qur’anic miracle is mixed with style and formulation as well. The words follow the meanings, and therefore any change in the order of the word orders is to serve the meaning and significance, and that this change and departure from the usual order is intended to achieve a specific meaning and deliver a specific indication to the recipient, and for this reason the books of interpretation and rhetoric, as well as grammarians, have been interested in studying every just and just. The most important of which is the door of introduction and delay due to its importance in achieving meaning, and the Qur’anic style has expanded in its use until it became one of the most prominent stylistic characteristics of the Qur’anic discourse. This study attempts to present one of the cases of introduction and delay, which is the presentation of the semi-sentence of the predicate of the predicate on the subject, and in a specific rhetorical topic, which is the Qur’an’s discourse on the word “God” that came in the place of a preposition of a predicate predicate on the subject in some places of the Qur’an that talk about The issue of monotheism and the divinity of the Creator - the Almighty - and the study relied on linguistic curricula in its presentation. The study came in an introduction and tow sections. The first dealt with the name of Majesty (God) a semi-sentence of a predicate predicate and a late subject (name), while the second dealt with the advent of the semi-sentenced name of Majesty (to God) a predicate of the general relative noun (ma) and (who). <strong>Keywords: </strong><strong>Quran, God, Style, rhetoric, presentation.</strong> <strong>بَلاغَةُ الأُسلوُبِ القُرْآنيِّ في تقديمِ شِبهِ الجملَةِ مع لفظِ الجلالَةِ الله</strong> <strong>الملخص:</strong><strong> </strong>يتميَّز الأسلوبُ القرآنيُّ بالدِّقَّة والجمال في نظمه وفي اختيار مفرداته وتراكيبه، وتشكيل صوره ورموزه ونغمه، ولذلك لا يتوقَّف إعجازُ القرآن عند المعاني فقط كما يذهب البعض، بل يمتزج الإعجاز القرآنيُّ بالأسلوب وبالصياغة أيضاً؛ فالألفاظ تَبَعٌ للمعاني، ومن ثمَّ فإنَّ أيَّ تغييرٍ في ترتيب رُتَبِ الكلمات يكون لخدمة المعنى والدلالة، وأنَّ هذا التغيير والعدول عن الترتيب المعتاد يكون مقصوداً ولتحقيق معنًى بعينه وإيصال دلالة محدَّدة إلى المتلقي، ولهذا السبب اهتمَّت كتب التفاسير والبلاغة فضلاً عن النحاة بدراسة كلِّ عدولٍ، ومن أهمِّها باب التقديم والتأخير لأهميَّته في تحقيق المعنى، وقد توسَّع الأسلوبُ القرآنيُّ في استعماله حتَّى صار إحدى أبرز الخصائص الأسلوبيَّة للخطاب القرآنيِّ. وتحاول هذه الدراسة أن تعرض لحالةٍ واحدة من حالات التقديم والتأخير، وهي تقديم شبه الجملة الخبر على المبتدأ، وفي موضوعٍ خطابيٍّ محدَّدٍ، وهو خطاب القرآن عن لفظ الجلالة (الله) الذي جاء في محلِّ جرِّ خبرٍ مقدَّم على المبتدأ في بعض مواضع القرآن التي تتحدَّث عن قضيَّة التوحيد وألوهيَّة الخالق - عزَّ وجلَّ – وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المناهج اللغوية في عرضها، وجاءت الدراسة في مقدِّمةٍ ومبحثين، تناول الأوَّلُ اسم الجلالة (لله) شبه جملة خبر مقدَّم والمبتدأ المؤخَّر (اسم)، بينما تناول الآخر<strong> </strong>مجيء اسم الجلالة شبه الجملة (لله) خبر مقدَّم للاسم الموصول العام (ما) و(مَن).<strong> </strong> <strong>الكلمات المفتاحية:</strong> <strong>القرآن، الله، بلاغة، الأسلوب، التقديم. </strong>
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Imo, Wolfgang. "„Himmel welcher Schimpf! (…) Ich ein Schneider?“ – Nicht-finite Prädikationskonstruktionen (NFPK) in Dramen des Barock, der Aufklärung, des Sturm und Drang und der Klassik als Inszenierungsverfahren von Emotionalität." Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik 52, no. 2 (2024): 324–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zgl-2024-2015.
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Abstract The representation of emotionality in dramas is one of the basic writing skills of authors, because the rhetorical aim of movere, of arousing emotional movement within the audience, can well be served by the verbal and nonverbal presentation of strong emotions of the dramatis personae. One grammatical pattern that is predestined for such a purpose is what has been called „Mad Magazine sentence“ (Lambrecht 1990), which has been (mis)named this way because it gained popularity in this magazine with the utterance “Me? Worry?”. These “non-finite predicative constructions” (Bücker 2012), as they are to be called more scientifically, are exclamative patterns that operate by condensing information to, typically, a pronominal reference act and a short predication act. Bücker (2012) analyzed the formal and functional spectrum of this pattern extensively in modern-day German (mostly based on internet communication but also on spoken German). What is still lacking, though, is a historical analysis: How far back in the history of German can we detect this pattern? Are the usage patterns similar or dissimilar to modern-day German? What special drama-related uses can be observed? This paper is written in the context of the DFG-funded research group Practices of Person Reference (DFG 457855466) and uses as data dramas by Gryphius (Baroque period), Lessing (Enlightenment) and Schiller and Goethe (Sturm und Drang and Classicism).
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Gu, Yulan. "From Differentiation of the Expressive Effects to Conscious Use of Rhetorical Language." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 9, no. 3 (2018): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0903.22.
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The double predicate structures in English are examples of rhetorical use of language. The differentiation between the distinctive double predicate structure “verb + adjective” and the normal predicate structure “verb + adverb” and the subsequent choice in specific contexts is thus not only a matter of grammar rules on the surface, but, more substantively, a matter of conscious use of rhetorical language. The survey conducted among college English teachers in China into their differentiation between “verb + adjective” and “verb + adverb” showed that most respondents didn’t distinguish very well the differing expressive effects caused by the choice of the adjectives or the adjectives’ derivative adverbs in these two types of structures, and that the majority of the respondents had difficulty in making proper choices between them for specific contexts. Since the identification of a language structure is the prerequisite for its appropriate use, due attention in English teaching and learning should be paid to the delicate differences among similar language items and to their differing expressive effects to cultivate awareness and competence of conscious use of rhetorical language, enhancing overall language performance.
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Lanigan, Richard L. "Immanuel Kant on the philosophy of communicology: The tropic logic of rhetoric and semiotics." Semiotica 2019, no. 227 (2019): 273–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2017-0112.
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AbstractThe article consists of a brief biographical account of Immanuel Kant’s life and career, followed by a discussion of his basic philosophy, and a brief discussion of his pivotal point in the history of Rhetoric and Communicology. A major figure in the European Enlightenment period of Philosophy, hisCollected Writingswere first published in 1900 constituting 29 volumes. He wrote three major works that are foundational to the development of Western philosophy and the human sciences. Often just referred to as the “ThreeCritiques” informally, the First, the Second, and the Third. These are respectively:The Critique of Pure Reasonfocused on issues in logic, The Critique of Practical Reasonrelating ethical guidelines, andThe Critique of Judgmentexploring issues of aesthetics. He is most famous for his philosophy of transcendental idealism. This version of idealism argues that in logic statements areanalytic(subject and predicate are the same; no new information) orsynthetic(predicate differs from the subject; new information is constituted). He further argues that statements area priori(before experience) ora posteriori(a result of experience). Models of rhetoric (tropic logic), phenomenological methodology, and the contemporary Perspectives Model of interpersonal communicology are included as the Kantian legacy in the US. Notes provide a guide to edition and philological issues in the Kantian corpus, especially for the hermeneutics ofVorstellung(‘presentation’) versusDarstellung(‘representation’).
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Rem, Dana, and Des Gasper. "Citizens and Citizenship." International Journal of Social Quality 8, no. 1 (2018): 21–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ijsq.2018.080103.
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The past generation has seen a switch to restrictive policies and language in the governance of migrants living in the Netherlands. Beginning in 2010, a new government with right-wing populist backing went further, declaring the centrality of proposed characteristic historic Dutch values. In this article, we investigate a key policy document to characterize and understand this policy change. Discourse analysis as an exploration of language choices, including use of ideas from rhetoric, helps us apply and test ideas from governmentality studies of migration and from discourse studies as social theorizing. We trace the chosen problem formulation; the delineation, naming, and predication of population categories; the understanding of citizenship, community, and integration; and the overall rhetoric, including chosen metaphors and nuancing of emphases, that links the elements into a meaning-rich world picture. A “neoliberal communitarian” conception of citizenship has emerged that could unfortunately subject many immigrants to marginalization and exclusion.
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Gigante, Maria E. "Argumentation by Self-Model: Missing Methods and Opportunities in the Personal Narratives of Popular Health Coaches." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 48, no. 3 (2017): 259–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047281617696984.
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This essay expands Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca’s concept of argumentation by model to bring more attention to the persuasive effects of using the self as a model. To illuminate this technique, I analyze the personal narratives of popular health coaches, who are championing a holistic health movement toward what I refer to as “do-it-yourself healthcare.” This case involves arguments regarding the efficacy of methods in evidence-based medicine and “alternative” or holistic health, as popular health coaches predicate their ability to heal themselves and others on abandoning traditional medicine. In brief, the purpose of this article is twofold: first, to characterize the rhetoric of the movement toward alternative or holistic health, and, second, to extend Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca’s concept of argumentation by model and address the implications of this expansion.
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Mustafa, Abdullatif Ahmed. "The Rhetorical study of the longest Quranic verse." Journal of University of Raparin 7, no. 1 (2020): 575–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(7).no(1).paper30.
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This paper is a rhetorical study of a single verse of the Qur’an. Which is the verse of debts. It is the longest verse of the Qura'n. It contains many splendid rules and great values. that this verse is one of the most Comprehensive verses of the Qur’an. It makes the life of people more organised and ensures a good destiny in the hereafter. Allah exalted has emphasised good treatment which is the main aspect of Islam and its pillar. He overstated the recommendation to maintain halal money and the methods which need to be taken to keep it safe from being destroyed. Therefore, it includes forms of assertions. The paper shows that this verse contains more than twenty rhetorical methods as follows:
 
 1. In intents and purposes for which the predicate is delivered, one example is included.
 2. In how the speaker delivers the predicate to the addressee it included six examples.
 3. In construction and its divisions it has more than ten examples.
 4. It includes six examples of Commemoration.
 5. It Includes nine examples of deletion.
 6. It Includes one example of fronting.
 7. It includes one example of masquerade
 8. It Includes one example of restriction.
 9. It Includes few examples of changing the topic.
 10. It Includes one example of replacing the implicit with the explicit.
 11. It Includes five examples of brevity.
 12. It Includes few examples of redundancy.
 13. It Includes one example of simile.
 14. It Includes two examples of allegory.
 15. It Includes one example of metaphor.
 16. It Includes one example of Metonymy.
 17. It Includes two examples of antithesis.
 18. It Includes one example of combining two things onwards in one thing.
 19. It Includes one example of good conclusion.
 20. It Includes one example of rhymed proses.
 21. It Includes six examples of paronomasia.
 
 All these rhetorical aspects indicate the inimitability of the Quran and it is from Allah which no other speeches can be equal to it due to its altitude, perfection and beauty.
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Taha Shadad Hamad Ramadan Al-Obaidi. "Mentioning the Adding of The Letter (ب) Syntactically and Semantically in «Al-Tibyan fi E'arab Al-Quran» by Al-Ukbury". Anbar University Journal of Languages and Literature 8, № 2 (2016): 1–46. https://doi.org/10.37654/aujll265.
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The case of adding some letters in the Quranic expressions has occupied the scholar's minds for a long time. Linguistics, grammarians, explainers, and the scholars of Quran inimitable, rhetoric and principles, discussed it. One of these letters is the letter (ب) which has a meaning as a preposition. The scholars mentioned this adding with the supported and opposed opinions. In this paper, we studied the case of adding the letter (ب) as a preposition with its meanings under the points of view of Al-Ukbury (die 616 A.H). The title of this paper is (Mentioning the Adding of The Letter (ب) Syntactically and Semantically in «Al-Tibyan fi E'arab Al-Quran» by Al-Ukbury). The mentioned letter in this book is in the «subject, subject of a nominal sentence, predicate, object and circumstantial expression or phrase».
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Talavira, Nataliia. "Models of structuring English news texts." Synopsis: Text Context Media 30, no. 3 (2024): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-259x.2024.3.7.
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The relevance of the article is determined by the attention of modern linguists to the study of texts of various genres and their impact on the target audience. The object of the research is news texts, which resort to convincing the addressee of the truthfulness of the events described, influencing their perception, judgment and worldview. There arises a problem of how news texts guide their readers in forming a particular view on the event. The persuasive nature of news texts has made it possible to study them with the help of rhetorical modes of persuasion: ethos, logos, and pathos. The purpose of the research is to establish models of structuring news texts at the level of their composition and linguistic ornamentation. The novelty of the work consists in the application of the constructionist approach, based on morphosyntactic constructions as pairings of form, meaning and functions, stored at the mental level. Constructs as speech realization of constructions represent various relations of the surrounding world. During the research, the method of continuous sampling, component, contextual and rhetorical analyses were applied. The research material comprises 150 news texts on the English website BBC News. The results of the study. Models of structuring news texts reflect their impact on the target audience. Depending on the type of construct and its placement in the headline, lead, post-lead and the main text of the news, three models are distinguished: descriptive, authorizing and emotive. According to the descriptive model, news texts appeal to logos via arguments, judgments, and facts and are characterized by focusing, that is, the repetition of identical or synonymous agentive constructs in successive paragraphs. The authorizing model of news texts structuring is based on ethos, that is, appeal to famous personalities, experts and witnesses of the event as a mode of persuasion and a source of information. This model is embodied by predicative constructs indicating speech process in the headline or lead. The emotive model of arranging news texts appeals to pathos and is represented by emotive predicative constructs or evaluative pairings. Further research foresees considering news reports about the speeches of famous personalities and politicians and narratives using the constructionist approach.
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Motte, Aurore. "A propos de quelques tournures interrogatives et constructions associées dans les légendes discursives (‘Reden und Rufe’) des tombes privées." Lingua Aegyptia - Journal of Egyptian Language Studies 28 (November 2020): 137–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37011/lingaeg.28.05.
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"(Pseudo)-Interrogative Sentences and Associated Phrases in Speech Captions in Private Tombs": In this paper, I discuss the (pseudo)-interrogative phrases, both those that are introduced by an interrogative word as well as those that are not. My aim is to provide a synchronic and diachronic study of such sentences and to illustrate a few of their uses in the Reden und Rufe corpus. After a short introduction (section 1), the predicate questions jn and jn-jw are considered in section 2 and adjunct questions built with the interrogative pronouns jšs.t, zy, m and the interrogative adverb ṯn(y) in section 3. Section 3 will further discuss a couple of affirmative and exclamative sentences, which have to be linked with the rhetorical question jšs.t pw A. The fourth and last section before conclusions is devoted to three cases studies relevant for this investigation, i.e. the proclitic particle js, which allows the speaker to distance himself from his words through an ironic statement (4.1), interrogative phrases without interrogative words (4.2), and the particle ḫy hitherto known from letters only (4.3). As a result 50 examples from Old Kingdom mastabas to Late Period tombs have been considered. Even if real (or ordinary) questions (OQs) arose in a few cases, there is a clear majority of rhetorical questions (RQs), which are uninformative and assertive. Both OQs and RQs can be expressed by means of the same syntactic structure, be it predicate questions, adjuncts questions, or interrogative phrases without interrogative words. Some are however preferred for RQs, and vice versa. The RQs as adjunct questions, which are predominant in this text corpus, invoke a predetermined answer from the addressee, being either jnk pw or jnk + nominalized participle. As such they reveal a first rhetorical strategy in which the answer is the counterpart of the question with exactly the same syntactic structure jšs.t pw A – jnk pw, zy pw A – jnk pw, and (j)n-m + participle – jnk + participle). The jšs.t pw A and (j)n-m + participle patterns expose a further rhetorical strategy in which the speaker and/or the addressee is/are objectified.
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Vysotskaya, I. V. "The Expansion of the Preposition pro in Modern Russian Speech, or The Latest Russian Rhetoric." Critique and Semiotics 39, no. 1 (2021): 238–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2021-1-238-258.
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The article notes the tendency towards the preferred choice of the preposition pro (about) (instead of o) in modern Russian speech. The above said leads to a change in the compatibility of the accusative word form with the explanatory meaning, to an expansion of the range of verbs and nouns that control this form. The use of the word forms in names is updated (in different communicative spheres). Observations on the use of the so-called “The Accusative of theme” in media speech allowed us to identify different communicative intentions of the speaker, which are marked by the word form pro (about) N4: fixation of the topic, announcement, continuation and development, return to the topic, change of topic, forecast, clarification, accentuation. In addition, as part of the predicate, the word form with the preposition pro (about) is used as a means of the object of speech / thought characterization. In these syntactic conditions, a new way of defining the concept is formed: X eto pro (is about) N4, as well as a new question: What is X about? They are actively used in speech by adherents of the newest rhetorical canon – as opposed to the traditional one.
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Nartey, Mark. "Kwame Nkrumah’s construction of ‘the African people’ via the Unite or Perish myth." Pragmatics and Society 13, no. 4 (2022): 605–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.19023.nar.
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Abstract Employing Wodak’s discourse-historical approach, this paper examines how Ghana’s independence leader – Kwame Nkrumah – in his creation of the Unite or Perish myth constructed ‘the African people’ in a manner in sync with populist performance. It argues that Nkrumah’s discourse, in its focus on the formation of a Union Government of Africa as the only means of Africa’s peace, progress, security and survival in the post-independence era, can be characterized as a form of populist rhetoric that presupposes an antagonistic relationship between two homogeneous social groups. To this end, the paper analyzes three discursive strategies utilized by Nkrumah in promoting anti-establishment sentiments while celebrating or valorizing ‘the ordinary people’: nomination and predication of social actors and actions, the construction of a man of the people image and the exploitation of familiarity and historical memory. It concludes with a discussion on the implications of the study for political discourse analysis in terms of the interrelationship between political myth and populist performance.
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Vasiljeva, Natalja M. "THE COMBINATION OF VERB PREDICATES: SIMPLE OR COMPLEX SENTENCE?" Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 22, no. 3 (2020): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2020-3-22-112-117.
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The article is concerned with the problem of correlation of the homogeneity and the co-ordination in French that is essential to differentiate a simple sentence with the similar verb predicates of a complex sentence. The urgency of such problems is based on the similarity of these syntactic constructions due to the co-ordination link existing in both constructions. This fact doesn’t allow the grammarians to arrive at a common view on the nature of the two constructions. The author proves the influence of the verb predicate syntactic links with the other parts of the sentence on classifying the structure as a simple or a complex sentence. In the paper there have been studied the similar verb predicates in the extended and unextended sentences. In the extended sentences the author focuses on the form and place of a complement, on the presence or absence of the adverbial modifier. The verb predicate grammar form itself influences the differentiating the two structures. Thus, it has been concluded that the main distinctive feature of predicate homogeneity is the grammatical marker. There have been detected the supplementary distinctive feature of predicate homogeneity is the semantic aspect, the lexical meaning in particular. The treated analysis of the empiric material shows the dependence of determining the two syntactic units on the stylistic norms and the rhetorical mode. The most important finding of the research is that, contrary some scientists’ opinion, there is no reason to abandon the term of the similar verb predicates in French.
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أحمد, د. آدم اسماعيل. "من الأسرار البلاغية لتقديم المسند والمسند إليه في سورة يس One of the rhetorical secrets of presenting the predicate and the predicate in Surat Yasin". مجــلة کلية اللغة العربية بأســيوط 44, № 3 (2025): 2219–40. https://doi.org/10.21608/jfla.2025.356213.1527.
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Khan, Sultanat, Saif Ullah та Muhammad Shafiq. "وجوه الالتفات وخصائصها الإعجازية في سورة الكوثر". Al-Duhaa 3, № 01 (2022): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51665/al-duhaa.003.01.0188.
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Quran in general and Surah Al Kawsar in particular is the very eloquent statements of Allah in the unambiguous and expressive Arabic language. The Islamic Scholars have served the Arabic language, Because of their love with and insist interpretation of the Qura'nic language Arabic. So Surah Al Kawsar is in the focus and epicenter of many rhetorical discourses and of these, one is "iltifat". In the words of rhetoricians the word "iltifat" means interpreting from one perspective or focus of meaning to another perspective or focus of meaning i.e. from first person to second or third person, or vice versa, similarly, from plural to singular or dual, or vice versa, and from past to future, or vice versa and from informative to predicative etc. "Iltifat" has many advantages, i.e.: 1- it brings novelty in expression. 2- it creates emphasis in rhetorical speech as it should be. 3- to communicate the purpose of speaker. 4- to intend the hyperbolic way of speech. 1- Why is Surah Al Kawsar eloquent? 2- Why were the Arab rhetoricians incomparable to Surah Al Kawsar? The researcher method in this research paper is descriptive, adaptive and informative. In this Research paper the researcher brough out sixteen kinds of “Iltifat” in Surah Al Kawsar, which proves that this is the Allah’s Kalam, not of human body.
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Burusphat, Somsonge, and Qin Xiaohang. "Syntactic Patterns of Zhuang Idioms." MANUSYA 12, no. 3 (2009): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01203004.
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This paper describes idioms of the northern Zhuang language. Zhuang idioms are analyzed into two major types, based on syntactic structure: trisyllabic idioms and polysyllabic idioms. Tri-syllabic idioms are short, fixed common expressions consisting of a single predicate. The polysyllabic idioms comprise tetrasyllabic idioms, pentasyllabic idioms, hexasyllabic idioms, and heptasyllabic idioms. The polysyllabic idioms display four syntactic patterns, i.e., serial pattern, causative pattern, topicalized pattern, and condensed pattern. Semantically, the meanings of Zhuang idioms are not the sum of their component part but must be metaphorically interpreted as a whole. The function of Zhuang idioms is to increase effectiveness and rhetorical force in oral and literary communication.
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Hunter, Julie. "Reports in Discourse." Dialogue & Discourse 7, no. 4 (2016): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5087/dad.2016.401.
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Attitude or speech reports in English with a non-parenthetical syntax sometimes give rise to interpretations in which the embedded clause, e.g., "John was out of town" in the report "Jill said that John was out of town", seems to convey the main point of the utterance while the attribution predicate, e.g., "Jillsaid that", merely plays an evidential or source-providing role (Urmson, 1952). Simons (2007) posits that parenthetical readings arise from the interaction between the report and the preceding discourse context, rather than from the syntax or semantics of the reports involved. However, no account of these discourse interactions has been developed in formal semantics. Research on parenthetical reports within frameworks of rhetorical structure has yielded hypotheses about the discourse interactions of parenthetical reports, but these hypotheses are not semantically sound. The goal of this paper is to unify and extend work in semantics and discourse structure to develop a formal, discourse-based account of parenthetical reports that does not suffer the pitfalls faced by current proposals in rhetorical frameworks.
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Bekir. "Expressing the Reward and Punishment of the Hereafter with Noun and Verb Sentences in the Qur'an." Eskiyeni, no. 46 (March 20, 2022): 365–93. https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.1035933.
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While conveying the messages to the addressee in the Qur’an, the statement always contain the most appropriate material and the intended meaning has been chosen. One of these subtleties is said the rewards and punishments for the hereafter in some verses with verb sentence; in some of them it is laid out in the form of a noun sentence. It is seen that these types of sentences also differ within themselves. The verbs of the verb sentence come in the form of past (al-mādī), present (al-mudāriʿ), and command and suffixed with “س/سَوْفَ” (prefix sa- / the particle sawfa) expressing the future. In Arabic, the past verb usually refers to the past tense, but sometimes it also includes the future meaning. This situation is seen in sentences with construction (insha) and demand, sentences with conditional prepositions and al-waʿd wa ’l-waʿīd (the promise and the threat ) expres-sions. In fact, the expression of the al-waʿd wa ’l-waʿīd with the past are meant to point to the certainty of the occurrence of an event that will take place in the future. If the context in the verses aims to convey to the addressee that the reward and punishment will be given, the verb past is used. Mudāriʿ verb is an action that refers to the present and future tense. Mudāriʿ, when used with an adverb that points to the future, or when prefix sa- or the particle sawfa (س/سَوْفَ) appear, denotes the future. Also, mudāriʿverbs that include condition, nasb prepositions, and al-waʿd wa’l-waʿīd contain the future tense meaning. In the verses, it is seen that this tense is used to express that renewing the reward and punishment and to make the addressee feel as if he/she is experiencing the event. The prefix sa- or the particle sawfa “س/سَوْفَ” express the future tense as well as the reinforce (te’kîd) meaning. al-Waʿd wa’l-waʿīd indicates that the action will be certain. In the verses where rewards and punishments for the hereafter are mentioned if the appeal is directly in the form of al-waʿd wa ’l-waʿīd the verbs are used in the structure expressing the future with prefix sa- or the particle sawfa (س/سَوْفَ). Command is a request from the interlocutor to do something. According to rhetoric scholars, the command actually expresses a demand, but sometimes it is not used in this way. Contains meanings such as exaltation, humiliation, and command. In which sense it is used can be understood from the environment and situation in which the sentence is said. Explaining the rewards and punishments for the hereafter with the command, emphasizing the honor and hospitality in the reward and insulting and threatening in the punishment. It is also intended to make the address more vivid. The verb of the noun sentences consist of predicate as noun, “ism al-fāʿil” (agent), verb and sibh (phrase) sentence. In addition, some noun sen-tences come with te’kid prepositions. This diversity in sentences also affects the meaning. Statement, noun sentence and predicate are mentioned by name to show that reward and punishment are always constant because the noun contains constancy in meaning. If the purpose of the statement is to reveal the variability of the news, instead of the stability then the verb sentence or predicate is a verb. In terms of meaning, the “ism al-fāʿil” indicates the past, present and future, as well as the continuity of something in some cases. In the verses that include reward and punishment for the hereafter, ism-i fâil includes the meaning of stability, multiplicity and future. Since the situation of the addressee varies in the matter of the transmitted information, the necessity of using the preposition te’kîd in speech has increased. The most famous methods used in te’kid the word is through some letters and prepositions. If the addressee is not knowledgeable about the subject and does not hesitate, there is no need for te’kîd, but if he is hesitant about the information given, it would be better to strengthen it by using te'kîd. It is also seen that these rules are sometimes not used in speech. In rhetoric books, this situation is called “the word being against the outward situation”. Sometimes, a person who has no doubt about the news is evaluated as hesitant or as a denier are regarded. Even sometimes he is recognized as a believer. If there are denialist types in the manner of the verses, it is notable that the news is reported by using te’kîd prepositions; If the address is intended for all people, in other words, if it covers both deniers and believers, then both sides are accepted as believers and the preposition te’kîd is not used. In this study the following questions are answered: Why are rewards and punishments for the hereafter expressed by stressing with noun or verb sentences? What kind of effect do the different usages of the verb and noun sentence have on the meaning?
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HACIBEKİROĞLU, Abdullah. "Semantic Interpretations Expressed by Musnad Ilayh with Tawābiʿ Elements -In the Context of Abū Yaʿḳūb al-Sakkākī’s Miftāḥ al-ʿulūm-". Universal Journal of Theology 7, № 1 (2022): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.56108/ujte.1114753.
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Abstract
 In the science of rhetoric, the cases related to al-musnad ilayh and musnad, which are the basic elements of the sentence, are examined in the maʿānī section. Rhetoricists deal with a significant part of the isnād with its different rhetorical aspects, with issues such as the musnad ilayh (subject) ḥadhf-dhikr, being maʿrifa-nakira, presentation (taḳdīm)-postponement (teʾk̲h̲īr), tawābiʿ (sentence expansion) elements and separating pronouns. The same is done for musnad (predicate), which is the other pillar of the sentence. The fact that maʿrifa a musnad ilayh receives the adjective, tawkīd, badal, ʿatf al-bayān, ʿatf al-nasaq and the tawābiʿ elements called separating pronoun adds a lot of eloquence to the sentence. In a sentence, musnad ilayh taking subordinate words or separating pronouns and not taking them are not the same thing. Although the tawābiʿ elements and the separating pronoun are not words that relate to the essence of the sentence, the fact that maʿrifa musnad ilayh takes them both makes the intent clear and understandable and adds a richness of meaning to the sentence with different semantic interpretations. Abū Yaʿḳūb al-Sakkākī states that if a maʿrifa is a musnad ilayh, the sentence is affected by emphatic meanings such as declaration, praising-dispraising, specialization and tawkīd. In case of falsification, erroneous assumption is avoided or the general meaning is indicated. It is explained more with ʿatf al-bayān and detailed with ʿatf al-nasaq, changing or declaring the provision. When it takes a badal, it is intended to further clarify and reinforce. In case of taking a separating pronoun, musnad is allocated to musnad ilayh. In this study, the elements of tawābiʿ that a maʿrifa musnad ilayh and the different eloquent and semantic interpretations of the separating pronoun in the syntax are discussed in the context of al-Sakkākī’s Miftāḥ al-ʿulūm. The fact that maʿrifa musnad ilayh takes tawābiʿ elements and separating pronoun depending on the caste changes the semantic dimension of the sentence. According to al-Sakkākī, the contextual reasons for musnad ilayh’s taking the elements of tawābiʿ are also emphasized.
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Echitchi, Raymond. "In-group Unity in Anglophone Cameroon's Separatist Discourse. Strategies and Means of Realization." Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 11, no. 2 (2023): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v11i2.449.
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The present paper is the result of a scientific venture into the discursive construction of separatism in Cameroon’s English-speakingregions, which separatists refer to as Southern Cameroons or Ambazonia. My study aims specifically at identifying the linguistic and rhetorical strategies separatist leaders use in order to create a sense of unity amongst all English-speaking Cameroonians and make them join the fight for independence. To achieve this aim, I have analysed speeches authored between 2010 and 2015 by two Anglophone Cameroonian separatist leaders. The analysis of the speeches, which followed the Discourse Historical Approach (Wodak et al. 2009), reveals that Southern Cameroonian nationalists try to achieve unity by resorting to strategies such as nomination, predication, and argumentation through topoi. These strategies were realised by means of linguistic resources including lexicon, imperatives, deontic and epistemic modals.
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Caudal, Patrick. "On tenses as speech-act-level functions." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 10, no. 7 (2024): 1–40. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.435.
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This paper aims at demonstrating the validity of a two-pronged hypothesis: (i) that the aspectual viewpoint content of the so-called ‘narrative imparfait’ (NIMPF) does not bear on the verb it marks (i.e., it does not combine with the event predicate denoted by said verb) but that, therefore, (ii) it must operate at a higher, discursive semantic level. To substantiate the above hypothesis, the paper first focuses on diachronic and synchronic evidence suggesting that the NIMPF does not contribute aspectual meaning at the sentence semantics-level – showing notably that it behaves like a ‘viewpoint neutral’ tense with respect to the verb it marks. The paper then discusses synchronic, discursive evidence supporting the view that the NIMPF actually indicates a partial, discourse-structurally incomplete, ‘ongoing’ narrative act. From these two facts, the paper concludes that NIMPF utterances refer to imperfectively viewed narrative speech act events, and constitute a separate speech act-level conventionalized reading of the imparfait, applying an imperfective viewpoint meaning to relational speech act functions, i.e., to rhetorical relations. It is argued that they should be endowed with a speech act event argument, and constitute an abstract type of event predicate which the viewpoint meaning of the NIMPF takes as its input.
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Pham, Hang Thu, and Quynh Thi Huong Pham. "Parallelism of syntax and semantics in English - Vietnamese proverbs." Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (2025): 227–40. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4066.
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Parallelism is a fairly typical rhetorical device in proverbs. This type of structure is effective in expressing content as well as creating artistic effects for proverbs. This article aims to understand the parallelism in English proverbs and Vietnamese proverbs on both aspects of semantic parallelism and syntactic parallelism. Through the survey, semantic parallelism is considered on three aspects: similarity relationship, contrast relationship, inter-causal/ dependence relationship; Syntactic parallelism is considered in eight aspects: lexical repetition, preposition/prepositional phrase repetition, noun/noun phrase repetition, adjective/adjective phrase repetition, verb/verb phrase repetition words, predicate repetition, clause repetition, complex sentence repetition. Discovering the structure of semantic parallelism and syntactic parallelism in English and Vietnamese proverbs helps to better understand the cultural identity of each nation.
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Timralieva, Ju G. "Zeugma as a Method of Pragmatic Focusing in a Literary Text (Based on the Material of the German Language)." Discourse 7, no. 2 (2021): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2021-7-2-118-126.
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Introduction.The article analyses the specifics of the functioning of the zeugma in artistic speech. Despite the popularity of this rhetorical figure since ancient times and its use in various spheres of communication, there is still no complete clarity about the essence of this linguistic phenomenon.Methodology and sources.The article considers various interpretations of the zeugma, determines its place in the circle of other rhetorical figures, conducts a structural analysis of zeugmatic constructions, identifies its syntactic and morphological variations, analyzes the stylistic potential. As an empirical material, lyrical and prose texts of German-language literature of the XIX–XX centuries are used, including works by H. Heine, A. Döblin, G. Trakl, G. Benn, K. Edschmid, H. Böll and other authors.Results and discussion.As a rhetorical figure, zeugma is built on the conflict of syntax and semantics, representing several syntactically homogeneous, but semantically heterogeneous elements. Zeugma, as a rule, has a nuclear word in its composition, in which, in conjunction with various actants, different meanings/shades of meanings are actualized, although “non-nuclear” zeugmas are also found. The role of the reference element is most often a verb-predicate, less often the core of the construction becomes an adjective, participle, adverb, noun. The elements of the paratactic series are usually nouns (homogeneous subjects, additions, circumstances), but the analysis also reveals cases of illogical combinations represented by other parts of speech, as well as examples with heterogeneous morphological forms within the same zeugmatic construction. The functional analysis of the zeugma demonstrates the rich stylistic potential of this rhetorical figure, which acts as a means of humor and satire in literary texts, serving to convey emotional states, semantic saturation of the utterance, and the increment of new meanings.Conclusion. Zeugma acts as a significant method of pragmatic focusing in a literary text, being especially widely represented in modernist literature, characterized by semantic multilayering and intensity of artistic expression.
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Mariam Rasheed, Dr. Said Imran, and Dr. Rahman Ullah. "Intertextuality and Discursive Strategies in the 2016 U.S. First Presidential Debate: A Critical Discourse Analysis." Journal of Arts and Linguistics Studies 3, no. 1 (2025): 1223–61. https://doi.org/10.71281/jals.v3i1.272.
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This research analyzes the first debate of the 2016 US using Wodak's Discourse-Historical Approach, between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton, through a qualitative lens. Considering the versatile nature of DHA, which considers the social, cultural, and political aspects of discourse, it is useful for understanding how the candidates developed the reasoning for their arguments, issue framing, and societal engagements. This research looks into the strategies that both the candidates employed, including intertextuality in the discourse. The analysis demonstrates that both Trump and Clinton possessed complex political visions that they sought to impose on the electorate, and linguistically advanced techniques of nomination, predication, argumentation, and mitigation/intensification to critique their opponents. Clinton’s discourse was more sympathetic and educated than her competitors, focusing on fairness, leading to policies that seek to abolish discriminatory systems, and did not shun drawing from her experience as leader of American diplomacy. She repeatedly referenced the Great Recession, American small businessmen whose dreams of becoming prosperous were crushed, like her father, to explain the policies she would introduce if elected. In contrast, Trump was more efficient and brisker, emphasizing hurry victim rhetoric as well as declinist. His discourse was full of emotional appeals, anecdotal evidence, and historical references, such as the Reagan era which he used to give credence to his tax plan. Intertextuality, or the referencing of other texts, was central to both candidates’ discourse as Clinton and Trump utilized culture and history and wider societal narratives to argue their case. Clinton’s intertextual allusions tended to fall under the more progressive agenda of environmentalism and social justice, while Trump’s drew on concern over the economy and the narrative of national decline. The results shed light on the use of language and rhetoric in political discourse, in this case, how candidates mobilized certain discursive strategies and referenced other texts to influence voters and control the outcome of the election. This study contributes to the broader understanding of political communication and the role of discourse in shaping electoral outcomes.
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Kozdęba-Murray, Halina. "The Philosophical Lineage of Mr. Cogito (part 3)." Philosophical Discourses 3 (2021): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/pd.2021.03.08.
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The third part of the article is focused on the interpretation of a well-known poem by Zbigniew Herbert, “The Message of Mr. Cogito”. The rhetorical figure, the golden fleece of nothingness, has been interpreted in the context of Meister Eckhart’s apophatic theology, as well as the phenomenology of Bertrand Welte. Since nothingness has been described by the predicate of the golden fleece, it paradoxically comes across as something that is. The golden fleece, in turn, alludes to the ancient Greek poem by Apollonius of Rhodes, in which it became a reward for the Argonauts’ virtue of courage in their fight against evil. In the ancient myths of Hellas, the golden fleece is also a symbol of divine providence and protection. Therefore nothingness, described in the poem by the predicate of the golden fleece, does not have to mean non-existence, or mere nothing, but it can point to reality which transcends the limits of human language and as such, it can be described merely in the terms of apophatic theology. For B. Welte, on the other hand, nothingness exists in the consciousness of Dasein as the inevitability of death and its ontological status is ambiguous. This is because nothingness exists as something that is. Since Dasein intends to endow his/her being-here with meaning by following the rules of ethics, the only guarantee of their rightfulness is nothingness understood as the mystery of transcendence.
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Borg, Ruben. "Past, Passivity, Passion: Deleuze's Allegorical Drama." CounterText 5, no. 1 (2019): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/count.2019.0151.
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This article offers a rhetorical analysis of Deleuze's concept of the past, understood not as a modification of the present but as a pre-predicative, non-subjective articulation of time. Focusing on the discussion of the three passive syntheses of time in Chapter 2 of Difference and Repetition, it traces the continuity between past, passivity and passion across Deleuze's body of work in an effort not only to remark on the conceptual resonances between them, but, more importantly, to examine the figural and formal choices that codify those resonances, and to some extent over-determine them – in particular, Deleuze's recourse to allegory and tragic form. Though the past is constituted as a primordial component of time, it already exceeds itself in the passivity of that constitutive moment, of that originary gesture by which it is first committed to historical experience. The process is rendered in dramatic terms: Habitus and Mnemosyne (Habit and Memory; Present and Past) are first pitted against each other – respectively, as the origin of time and its ground. They are then overthrown by an unnamed third element ‘which subordinates the other two to itself’ and opens the whole to infinity. The article thematises the significance of the past within this allegorical drama, develops the character, and draws out the temporal structures encoded in Deleuze's figurations.
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Valente, Luisa. "Supposition Theory and Porretan Theology: Summa Zwettlensis and Dialogus Ratii et Everardi." Vivarium 51, no. 1-4 (2013): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685349-12341244.
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Abstract The article investigates how the problem of (linguistic) reference is treated in the theology of two pupils of Gilbert of Poitiers by means of suppo* terms (supponere; suppositus,-a,-um; suppositio). Supposition is for Gilbert an action performed by a speaker, not a property of terms, and he considers language as a system for communication between human beings: key notions are the ‘sense in the author’s mind’ and the ‘interpreter’s understanding’. In contrast, the two Porretans tend to objectify language as a formal system of terms. Suppositio becomes in the Summa Zwettlensis the name itself as subject term in a proposition, and is divided into many kinds; formal rules are described which govern the influence of the predicate on the subject term’s denotation. In Everard of Ypres’ Dialogus Ratii et Everardi, supponere is a function (officium) of the name, and ‘human is a species of individuals’ is, as in some logical treatises and differently from Gilbert, a case of rhetorical transfer.
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Yanhua, Zhang, and Li Weina. "Critical Discourse Analysis on China’s Image in Climate Coverage by Mainstream US Media." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, no. 6 (2023): 064–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.86.10.
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In the trend of information globalization, mass media is not only an authoritative source of information but also a participant and executor of international affairs. News reporting is the most influential and authoritative form of media, shaping people’s cognition and attitudes while conveying information. Therefore, using news reports to build a national image has become an essential strategy for the government of a country. At the same time, an excellent national image is essential for improving a country’s global discourse power. Therefore, this paper uses discourse-historical analysis as a theoretical framework to analyze the China-related climate reports of mainstream media in the United States from 2015 to 2023 and explores the diachronic changes and reasons for the image of China in mainstream media reports in the United States. In this study, a combined approach of quantitative and qualitative methods is employed, with a particular emphasis on data-driven corpus research methods. The study found that mainstream US media’s climate reporting on China mainly focuses on China’s climate responsibility, renewable energy, and inter-country relations in climate governance. Through the analysis of the predication strategy, argumentation strategy, and intensification strategy, it is found that the media’s stance has gone through a period of neutrality from 2015 to 2017, increased hostile rhetoric from 2018 to 2019, and continued to worsen from 2020 to 2023. The media’s stance is mainly related to the changes in climate policies in the United States at different phases.
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Povolná, Renata. "CROSS-CULTURAL VARIATION IN THE EXPRESSION OF PERSUASIVE POWER IN THE GENRE OF TECHNICAL MANUALS: THE CASE OF DIRECTIVES." Discourse and Interaction 12, no. 1 (2019): 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/di2019-1-47.
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The paper provides a cross-cultural analysis of selected linguistic realizations of persuasion in technical manuals as typical representatives of technical discourse. It aims to identify differences and similarities between the ways persuasive power is expressed in this type of specialized discourse in English and Czech L1 texts. The data comprises manuals to various technical devices and amounts to slightly more than 200,000 words. This specialized corpus (15 manuals in English and 15 in Czech) is assumed to enable the comparison of the ways in which technical communicators express persuasion. The investigation, which is conducted from the perspectives of corpus analysis and discourse analysis, focuses on the ways in which the interactive and dynamic process of persuasion is explicitly manifested: 1. directly (i.e. using directives expressed by imperatives of full verbs, modals of obligation, necessity, prohibition, and predicative adjectives expressing the writer’s judgement of the necessity to perform an action) and 2. indirectly (i.e. using other language means than directives, such as other modals than those related to obligation, necessity or prohibition, conditional clauses, rhetorical questions). The findings are expected to be relevant and applicable in the education domain to raise technical writers’ awareness of directives as useful persuasive strategies suitable for the production of effective well-written technical manuals since their quality including the appropriate degree of persuasiveness can influence prospective consumers to make a purchase of a particular technical device.
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Trufanova, Irina V. "Negative Russian Pronoun Что". RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 11, № 4 (2020): 625–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2020-11-4-625-658.
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For the first time in linguistics, the article distinguishes negative pronouns of a pronoun-noun and pronoun-adjective. Their lexical meanings, grammatical features and syntactic functions are determined. A negative pronoun is a noun that means nothing (in Russian both - ничто and ничего ), a negative Russian pronoun что meaning whatever, none. Both pronouns function as the principle sentence component, mainly in negative genitive sentences or as a predicate in a two-memberSubject-Predicate sentence. Subject of a pronoun-noun, which is expressed by the noun of any lexico-grammatical category or infinitive, with a negative pronoun-adjective, which is an infinitive. Both negative pronouns function in rhetorical questions expressing negation in the affirmative form. Subject combined with a pronoun-noun could be expressed by a noun of any lexico-grammatical category or infinitive, with a negative pronoun-adjective что , which could also be formed by an infinitive. Both negative pronouns function in rhetorical questions expressing negation in the affirmative form. The meanings of both negative pronouns are syntactically limited (by the function of the predicate or the principle component of the negative genitive sentence) and structurally determined (be found in the construction with the dative of the authorizer). The meaning of a negative pronoun-adjective is also phraseologically confined, a negative pronoun is an adjective that is always used with the Russian words like проку, толку, выгоды, пользы, прибыли, добра . Three meanings stand out for a negative pronoun ничто : 1) ontological vacuum, nonexistence, absence of an object; 2) something insignificant, insignificant, not worthy of attention; 3) denial of the significance of a person, insignificance. A negative pronoun что is a noun that means something insignificant, insignificant, not worthy of attention (or (as it were) the absence of something/someone (for the authorizer)), or absence (of benefit). A negative pronoun что is an adjective that has one of the meanings of a negative pronoun-adjective никакой meaning none of the available or possible. Despite the indeclinability, a negative pronoun что expresses the noun-meanings of the nominative and genitive cases, while being a negative pronoun-adjective to denote the genitive case, either masculine or feminine. The data collected is retrieved from the National Corps of the Russian Language (NCRL). As the main methodological technique, the substitution method was applied. The theoretical basis of the article was the work on homocomplexes, functional homonyms, poly-functional words, the differentiation of homonymy and polysemy. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results allow us expand the linguistic understanding of the semantic and grammatical nature of the pronoun as well as the issue of pronoun syncretism in general, the differentiation of homonymy and polysemy of the classes of pronouns, as well as the varieties of genitive sentences. The data collected can be useful for lexicographic practice: compiling dictionaries of homonyms, grammatical homonyms, explanatory dictionaries, as well as to clarify the typology of one-member sentences. The relevance of the topic is determined by the necessity to establish the full list of pronouns in the Russian language, as well as the importance of studying the phenomena of functional homonymy, transition and syncretism and the importance of solving the problem of distinguishing homonymy and polysemy.
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Yanfeng, Li. "Implicit Assimilations as Manifestation of the Author's Values in the Language of the Novel “The Kukotsky Enigma” by L. Ulitskaya." Philology 17, no. 9 (2018): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2018-17-9-22-30.
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Against the background of explicit ways of expressing comparisons in their broad understanding (as constituents of the functional-semantic field of comparativeness), this article considers the indirect presence of assimilations, the "target" of which are the characters of L. Ulitskaya's novel The Kukotsky Enigma and the related signed circumstances of the time being depicted. It is shown how comparisons by similarities implicitly expressed in the novel reflect the idiostylic features of the author, inclined to the detailed and often veiled expression of the severe aversion of the supporters of the Bolshevik ideology that defends the pseudoscientific "achievements" of the times of Soviet Power. The ways of representing content-subtext information in contexts with implicitly expressed assimilations, that is: the use of alogisms, allusions, metaphor-metonymic uses, antonyms, evaluative enantiosemia, "samples" of Soviet rhetoric with the "modus of importance", verbal play on the associative-derivational basis. The description of implicit assimilations in the language of the novel by L. Ulitskaya is preceded by brief explanations of the structure of the functional-semantic field of comparativeness in the Russian language, according to V. P. Berkov [1996], and the position of metaphors (as a mediated comparison by similarity) in this field. The article presents the forms of expressions for explicit comparatives and non-labeled comparatives (instrumental and genitive assimilations, nominal comparative predicate). Non-labeled comparatives are on the boundary between traditionally understood comparison and metaphor; the differences between metaphor and these syncretic forms of comparativeness are also identified.
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Pieroni, Silvia. "La forma della proposizione speculativa tra scrittura filosofica e traduzione." Rivista di estetica 86 (2024): 109–23. https://doi.org/10.4000/13874.
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Hegel’s claim on the unity of form and content founds the main normative criterion of philosophical exposition and thus of the «speculative proposition», which is in the Phenomenology of Spirit the own form of speculative thinking. This paper explains how the speculative proposition enacts the dialectical unity of form and content. My aim is to prove that the aesthetic or linguistic moment plays a constitutive role in the articulation of speculative thinking. To that end, I will examine the philosophical statement under the perspective of the writing practice. I will consider, first, the chiasmus of subject and predicate within the speculative proposition in the Phenomenology; second, the methodological role played by translation and metaphor in the Encyclopaedia; third, how these aspects reveal the rhetorical consistency of philosophy. In this way, I will describe a coherence in the development of Hegel’s notion of speculative thinking. Although the speculative proposition appears only in the Phenomenology, it remains in the mature system as a dispositive for the philosophical translation of the experience.
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Shpit, E. I., and V. N. Kurovskii. "SCIENCE WRITING IN ENGLISH: DIFFICULTIES FOR NOVICE RUSSIAN AUTHORS." Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev 61, no. 3 (2022): 193–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/1995-0861-2022-61-3-363.
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Statement of the problem. The paper discusses multiple deviations of science texts in the English language written by Russian novice writers from the norms and expectations of the international discourse community. The purpose of the article is to propose a concept of utilizing computer linguistics tools of automated text analysis for pedagogical purposes to identify real needs of students in science writing in English. The methodology is based on the contrastive discourse-analysis of two corpora: students’ research paper manuscripts and published research papers by international expert writers. Both corpora belong to one engineering discipline and were compiled specifically for the research purposes. The contrastive corpus analysis was conducted by means of a computer linguistics tool Gramulator. Research results. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of differential bigrams in Gramulator demonstrated that the writing by novice Russian authors significantly differs from the expert writing. The considered bigrams indicated lower lexical diversity; insufficient skills in using grammar that is absent in the Russian language; tendency to underuse predicative clauses and hedging devices; tendency to overuse words and phrases typical of Russian scientific style, as well as referencing and specifying words and phrases. Conclusions. The proposed concept is aimed to make the academic writing process more student-centered. The identification of common linguistic problems in the novice researchers’ writing may raise students’ awareness of the differences in the rhetorical choice in the two languages, improve strategic skills in making the proper choice when writing their own texts, and, thus, approach to the norms and expectations of the target discourse community.
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Latif, Abdul, Muhammad Afif Amrulloh, Hanik Mahliatussikah, Intan Muflihah, and Yeni Lailatul Wahidah. "Al-Asrâr fî Tikrâr Hiwâr al-Nabi Musa wa al-‘Abd fî Sûrah al-Kahfi: Tahlîl al-Îjâz wa al-Ithnâb." Arabiyat : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban 9, no. 2 (2022): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/a.v9i2.28892.
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The problem in this study it is the reason why Prophet Khidr repeated his words -You will not patient with me - to the prophet Moses, even though the prophet Moses was known as the intelligent prophet. This research uses the theory of ijaz and ithnab (brevity and redundancy) in the science of rhetoric. This theory finds abbreviated word types and extended word types. This research uses a qualitative approach that is descriptive through a literature review. Researcher found there are sixteen ijaz sentences including sentences by removing related sentences, five sentences by removing adjectives, one sentence by removing letters, one sentence by removing dispersed words, one sentence by removing the divine predicate, one sentence miracle of delivering sentences. The four ithnab sentences that the researcher found are as follows. First, the expressive sentences by mentioning special sentences after mentioning general sentences that serve to emphasize specific sentences. Secondly, the redundancy sentence is the appendix by bringing up the second sentence which is similar to the first sentence that intends to emphasize the idea of the sentence. Third, verbosity sentences that use the inclusion allowance that serve to explain the previous sentence and which are not yet clear. Fourth, verbosity and repetition sentences that work to persuade the other person to accept the advice. The reason why ‘Abd’ repeated his words to the prophet Moses was not because Moses was stupid, but because of Prophet Moses' spirit in seeking knowledge and allowing him to continue searching for guidance with the ‘Abd’.Keywords: Advice, Repetition, Spirit.
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Végső, Roland. "Infinite Judgment." Central European Cultures 3, no. 2 (2023): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.47075/cec.2023-2.05.
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The article uses the idea of “infinite judgment” (borrowed from the field of logic) to reflect on the narrative techniques employed in Ádám Bodor later works, with a special focus on the novel The Birds of Verhovina (2011) and the collection Nowhere (Sehol, 2019). In a formal sense, the idea of infinite judgment breaks down the duality of the so-called positive and negative qualities of logical judgments (assertion and negation) by introducing a negative predicate into the structure of a positive proposition. Applying the same logic to Bodor’s prose, we can also grasp it as a poetic principle: the process of fictional world-creation does not follow the logic of either negation or affirmation and, through a subtle logical negation, opens up a series of infinite possibilities. This rhetorical strategy, in turn, becomes the appropriate vehicle for the articulation of a specific type of historical experience that we could designate as “potential history” (in opposition to the “actual” history of Eastern European dictatorships in the second half of the twentieth century). Bodor’s prose forces a confrontation with this potential history through narratives of transience and historical transformation whose ultimate horizon is human extinction.
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Jabłoński, Arkadiusz, and Michał Szczyszek. "„Kobieta z ptakiem w autobusie”. „Mężczyzna stracił przytomność”." Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium 9, no. 2 (2025): 178–97. https://doi.org/10.7592/tertium.2024.9.2.275.
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Endophora, the phenomenon of syntax and rhetoric-related nature, enables the users of a language to connect shorter syntactic units (schematically: sentences) into the longer strings of utterances, without the necessity of constant referring in the same way to thus endophorized elements, with a possibility to exchange them for different endophoric variants. The endophoric relations (anaphora and cataphora) constitute also a range of topical issues to solve within the machine-related communication and the communication with a machine, including machine translation and automatic generation of texts. Still, it is not obvious that human users of natural languages do not experience problems related to endophora, or that there occur no changes in its techniques, perhaps to render deeper metamorphoses in the structure of language and reasoning. Available traditional sources of general character referred to in the paper do not provide ready solutions for these. This hypothesis is verified by the authors on Polish examples revealing a rather dubious character when it comes to implementation of endophora. The main emphasis is put on illustration of apparently growing trend of undesirable redundancy of certain information already present in the predicate, mostly containing clear and obligatory data on person and gender of a referent. The above mentioned feature of Polish predicates makes it possible even to omit the subject of a sentence, due to the possibility of its easy reconstruction as a conjectural subject. In recent utterances in Polish it is often the elements unambiguously referring to the gender of a referent that appear in endophoric function (as kobieta ‘a woman’ or mężczyzna ‘a man’). They have for long been present in various registers of Polish, while usually being related to the referents unknown with regard to their features other than sex or gender (i.e. in criminology). The research objective of this paper is to find out motivations supporting such choices.
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Hoseini, Amir Aliasghar, and Tabassom Khakrah Kahnamouei. "Infinitive Interrogative Sentences in Russian and Persian: Modal Meanings of Potentiality and Efficiency." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 11, no. 3 (2020): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2020-11-3-585-595.
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The article is a study of infinitive interrogative sentences bearing meanings of potentiality and efficiency in Russian and the means to render those in Persian. Both for Russian and Persian, such interrogative syntactic constructions and the relevant range of meanings are typical. As is known, in Russian infinitive is a verbal form though in a sentence it can combine the noun-and-verb functions, while in Persian, infinitive functions as a noun. As a rule, so-called Russian indefinite verbal form reflects various subjective and objective modal meanings, in particular, those of potentiality and efficiency which differs in Persian rather to reflect modal meanings of desirability, possibility, necessity, the must, inevitability, doubt, motive, etc. In relevant contexts the combination of modal meanings of desirability and possibility forms the potentiality meaning which is expressed by various linguistic means to form sentences: intonation, lexical and grammatical units, semantical components; other contexts of using such linguistic means to combine modal meanings of desirability and motive reveal the meaning of efficiency. The meanings themselves are not characteristic of Persian infinitive primarily due to their grammatical properties and belong to nouns therefore in Persian the mentioned above meanings and senses could be reflected by other linguistic means as well. The task of the study is to tackle the question of what are the means and manner they might make linguistic analogy to transmit semantics of potentiality and efficiency in Persian, while they are expressed in Russian infinitive interrogative sentences and rhetorical questions.The article treats infinitive interrogative sentences and rhetorical questions with infinitive as a predicate to render the semantics of potentiality and efficiency on the drama texts by M.Yu. Lermontov and A.P. Chekhov and the epic novel by A.N. Tolstoy. In course of comparative study, the translations into Persian of those texts were involved to find out similarities and differences of linguistic means used to reflect and reveal the semantics of infinitive interrogative sentences.
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Munandar, Imam, and Saiful Akmal. "A critical discourse analysis of the representation of Ukrainian refugees across the British mainstream news media." Studies in English Language and Education 10, no. 3 (2023): 1569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v10i3.28014.
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This research investigates the dominant rhetorical/ discursive strategies in the British mainstream news media regarding their reports on Ukrainian refugees in the United Kingdom (UK). While news media have negatively constructed the non-European refugees, as previous studies have revealed, this research is unique because it specifically focuses on European refugees as its research sample. The ultimate objective was to demonstrate how the news media in the UK portrayed the incoming Ukrainian refugees on British soil. The data were 40 Ukrainian-refugee-related news reports published in four mainstream news media in the UK from March until July 2022. The data was then analysed by using Wodak’s Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA), consisting of six analytical categories: Referential, Predication, Argumentation (Topoi), Perspectivisation, Mitigation, and Intensification (Reisigl Wodak, 2008). The research found that regardless of their ideologies, all four news media consistently employed the discursive strategies of humanization and individualization and pervasively established a positive argumentative strategy on Ukrainian refugees. These dominant strategies depict a positive representation of Ukrainian refugees. Moreover, despite the overall negative picture of third-world refugees in British news media, the finding of this research is distinctive from the previous ones, showing that the British news media actively constructed the Ukrainian refugees positively and sympathetically. It is argued that the news media’s ideological stance of Eurocentrism and biased racial values played a decisive role in framing the pictures of European/Ukrainian and non-European refugees in their reports.
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Вяльсова, А. П. "TEXTUAL FUNCTIONS OF ACTIVE INDEFINITE PARTICIPLES AND MODERN RUSSIAN ADVERBIAL PARTICIPLES IN A COMPARATIVE ASPECT." Русистика и компаративистика, no. 15 (February 2, 2022): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25688/2619-0656.2021.15.11.
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В связи с изучением норм употребления современного деепричастия возникает необходимость обратиться к истории формирования этой глагольной формы из нечленной формы причастия. Сравнительный анализ употребления нечленной формы причастия в житийных текстах XI–XVII вв. и современного деепричастия позволяет выявить сужение текстовых функций деепричастия в современном языке, обозначить периферийные для современного деепричастия конструкции с нарушением единого временного плана и в позиции при неличном субъекте и объяснить причины нарушения грамматических норм современной речи. The norms of using the adverbial participle in speech have been the subject of grammar, rhetoric and speech culture for almost three centuries — a period of a desperate struggle against the violation of the prescribed rules for the use of the adverbial participle. Modern grammar science looks at violations of the norms of the use of the adverbial participle in a different way: an analysis of the abusive uses of the adverbial participle helps both to reveal the grammatical properties of the verb form itself and to trace the modern trends of the language. In connection with the study of the properties of the modern adverbial participle, it becomes necessary to refer to the history of the formation of this verb form from the short form of the Church Slavonic participle. An analysis of the peculiarities of the use of short forms of active participles and definite form of participles in ancient Russian texts allows us to explain the functional mechanisms of participles and adverbial participles in the modern language, to outline the zone of their divergence. The article examined the cases of choosing the short form of the participle, which show that its textual functions in the ancient language were wider than the textual functions of the adverbial participle in the modern language. Based on material from hagiographic texts of the 11th — 17th centuries constructions that are not characteristic of modern adverbial participle were considered. It can be named three conditions for the normative use of the modern adverbial participle, which correspond to the structural components of this article. First, the adverbial participle in the modern language, unlike the Church Slavonic language, cannot be used absolutely as a predicate of a sentence. Secondly, one of the violations of the norms should be recognized as the heterogeneity along the time line of the adverbial participle and the predicate. However, in the Church Slavonic language, such contexts of the use of short participial forms are found. Finally, a comparative analysis of these verb forms with impersonal subject was performed. As a result, it was shown that for the modern adverbial participle, the narrowing of temporal functions is compensated by the expansion of the possibility of use with subjects of different types. It seems that an appeal Историческая лингвистика 183 to historical material can explain not only the grammatical properties of modern verb forms, but also violations of the grammatical norms of speech.