Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prédiction du comportement criminel'
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Collin-Santerre, Justine. "Étude sur les incendiaires québécois : analyse des motivations et scènes de crime." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33292.
Full textThe goal of this study was to explore and develop a statistically derived typology of arsons and arsonists (serial and non-serial) from the Province of Quebec, for practical as much as scientific concerns. By collecting sociodemographic, criminals, and psychological information on the crime and the individual, it was possible to find, through latent class analyses (LCA), the most targeted crime scenes and main motivations to commit an arson. To do so, files from across the Province were selected and coded. In total, 48 files were analyzed, allowing to create a database of 245 arsons committed by 59 arsonists. In order to select those files, a coding sheet was sent to police services across the Province of Quebec. In line with scientific and practical gaps, the coding sheet was divided in three main sections: 1) sociodemographic characteristics; 2) information regarding the arson; 3) arsonists’ psychological profile information. Results show that, among the four main targeted crime scenes, public places were those mostly targeted by Quebecer arsonists. Moreover, analyses show six main motivations to commit arson. The identified crime scene and the identified motivation profiles were then combined, using bivariate analyses, to see how the arsonists’ motivation varied based on the targeted crime scenes. Results show that arsonists with profit or retaliation intentions are susceptible to target residential areas or vehicles. Globally, analyses highlighted that arson and arsonist profiles are still unknown in Quebec and, by knowing the most targeted crime scene and arsonist motivations, it is possible to enhances the investigators’ comprehension in arson cases, as much as guide them in terms of suspects’ prioritisation and identification. Keywords: arson, arsonists, serial arson, serial arsonists, crime scene, motivation, profiling, suspect prioritisation, crime prevention, latent class analysis.
Coche, Arnaud. "La détermination de la dangerosité des délinquants en droit pénal : étude de droit français." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT3013.
Full textOngagna, Philippe. "L'état dangereux délictuel et post-délictuel des majeurs délinquants en droit pénal français." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21035.
Full textWith the eyes of the whole of the doctrines, the penal responsibility was always regarded as the only base for the French criminal law. The concept of dangerous statute, often presented primarily under its pre-criminal aspect, reduced to categories of infringements (infringements obstacles), and to certain types of delinquent (alcoholic dangerous, mental lunatics etc) thus does not seem a base of the French repressive system. With looking there closely however, this thesis does not resist the analysis. Indeed, the study of the concept of dangerous statute approached under its criminal and post-criminal aspect makes it possible to check with which point this concept seems one of the essential bases of the French criminal law. Implicit base certainly, because of the silence of the legislator on this subject, but undeniable base. Contrary to the thesis more revenue, the role of the dangerous statute appears not only at the stage of the choice and the execution of the sorrow, but also at the time of the research of the culpability. Far from being opposed or being excluded, the dangerous statute and the penal responsibility are as complementary as the sorrow and the measurement of safety
Ducro, Claire. "Evaluation du risque de récidive des agresseurs sexuels au sein du système judiciaire français : précisions conceptuelles et validations discriminantes et convergentes d'instruments d'évaluation du risque de récidive." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR2002/document.
Full textIn the society, the sexual offenders associated at the notion of dangerous and recidivism. Also, the professionals such as the judicial decision-makers or the experts must give an opinion about the level of risk of recidivism. The relating literature at the sex offender's risk of recidivism shows that when the judgement of a potential risk of recidivism is based on a clinical judgement, this one proves to be close to chance. Further to this official report, different instruments of valuation of the risk were set up since the nineties. The objective of the present study is to perform a job of conceptualization and discriminated and convergent validities of instruments. Instruments uses in the present research are to the number of five, and it differentates in three categories : the static actuarial instruments which are SORAG and statique-99 ; the structured clinical instruments which are SVR-20 and RSVP ; and a dynamic instrument which is Stable/Acute 2000. The actuariel instruments are constituted of static items which do not vary in time, or that can vary only in the increase in the level of risk of repetition if the sexual offender makes a new offence. The structured clinical instruments take both static and clinical items, these last as for the dynamic instruments are subject to changes in the course of time and notably during a catch in load
Giguère, Guy. "Une étude métrologique des items du Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI) avec la contribution de la théorie classique des tests et de la théorie des réponses aux items chez les personnes contrevenantes du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28541/28541.pdf.
Full textAbdallah, Raed. "Intelligent crime detection and behavioral pattern mining : a comprehensive study." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7031.
Full textIn the face of a rapidly evolving criminal landscape, law enforcement agencies (LEAs) grapple with escalating challenges in contemporary criminal investigations. This PhD thesis embarks on a transformative exploration, encouraged by an urgent need to revolutionize investigative methodologies and arm LEAs with state-of-the-art tools to combat crime effectively. Rooted in this imperative motivation, the research meticulously navigates diverse data sources, including the intricate web of social media networks, omnipresent video surveillance systems, and expansive online platforms, recognizing their fundamental roles in modern crime detection. The contextual backdrop of this research is the pressing demand to empower LEAs with advanced capabilities in intelligent crime detection. The surge in digital interactions necessitates a paradigm shift, compelling researchers to delve deep into the labyrinth of social media, surveillance footage, and online data. This context underscores the urgency to fortify law enforcement strategies with cutting-edge technological solutions. Motivated by urgency, the thesis focuses on three core objectives: firstly, automating suspect identification through the integration of data science, big data tools, and ontological models, streamlining investigations and empowering law enforcement with advanced inference rules; secondly, enabling real-time detection of criminal events within digital noise via intricate ontological models and advanced inference rules, providing actionable intelligence and supporting informed decision-making for law enforcement; and thirdly, enhancing video surveillance by integrating advanced deep learning algorithms for swift and precise detection of knife-related crimes, representing a pioneering advancement in video surveillance technology. Navigating this research terrain poses significant challenges. The integration of heterogeneous data demands robust preprocessing techniques, enabling the harmonious fusion of disparate data types. Real-time analysis of social media intricacies necessitates ontological models adept at discerning subtle criminal nuances within the digital tapestry. Moreover, designing Smart Video Surveillance Systems necessitates the fusion of state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms with real-time video processing, ensuring both speed and precision in crime detection. Against these challenges, the thesis contributes innovative solutions at the forefront of contemporary crime detection technology. The research introduces ICAD, an advanced framework automating suspect identification and revolutionizing investigations. CRI-MEDIA tackles social media crime challenges using a streamlined process and enriched criminal ontology. Additionally, SVSS, a Smart Video Surveillance System, swiftly detects knife-related crimes, enhancing public safety. Integrating ICAD, CRI-MEDIA, and SVSS, this work pioneers intelligent crime detection, empowering law enforcement with unprecedented capabilities in the digital age. Critical to the integrity of the research, the proposed methodologies undergo rigorous experimentation in authentic criminal scenarios. Real-world data gathered from actual investigations form the crucible wherein ICAD, CRI-MEDIA, and SVSS are tested. These experiments serve as a litmus test, affirming not only the viability of the proposed solutions but also offering nuanced insights for further refinement. The results underscore the practical applicability of these methodologies, their adaptability in diverse law enforcement contexts, and their role in enhancing public safety and security
Arbour, William. "Impact of economic conditions and marriage market on inmates' recidivism : a longitudinal analysis." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34170.
Full textIn this thesis, we study Quebec male prison population with a special focus on recidivism. We are especially interested in quantifying the impact of regional economic variables on the probability of recidivism and the number of reoffenses committed in a year. More precisely, we consider variations in regional unemployment rate, minimum wage and average disposable income. Moreover, we include in our analysis domestic predictors: being married or having a family. Since these two parameters are potentially endogenous with recidivism, we estimate bivariate probit regressions and Poisson regressions with regional sex ratios as instrumental variables. The data provided by the ministère de la Sécurité publique allows us to bring to light several results. We estimate that having a family decreases by 18% the likelihood of recidivism, while the effect marriage is not significant. No effect is found for the number of reoffenses committed, neither for being married or having a family. Finally, we find a significant positive correlation between regional wealth and recidivism, whereas we highlight that an increase in real minimum wage is associated with a decrease in recidivism.
Briquet, Laurent. "Explorations psychométriques et psychoprojectives chez les auteurs d'infractions à caractère sexuel en psychologie légale : contribution sémiologique à l'identification de nouvelles composantes intrapsychiques et de nouvelles prises en charge psychothérapiques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCC006.
Full textThe management of sexual offenders disrupts care professionals within the limits of their therapeutic skills and consequently raises the recurring question of the chances of reintegration in society.The lack of understanding of the intrapsychic functioning of these patients, the lack of training of professionals in normal and pathological sexuality, the reinforcing effect on partial drives produced by the internet, or the specificity of the court-ordered therapy’s framework are all elements which definitely puts us out of the usual mental health care field.By attempting to take into account all these specificities and by exploring in a standardized way the psychosocial, psychometric and psycho-projective dimensions of these sex offenders, this research attempts to highlight on the one hand the intrapsychic variables that would improve scales of sexual dangerosity and secondly the psychotherapeutic characteristics likely to respond to the specific psychological dysfunctions of this population
Bouffard, Alain. "Facteurs influençant le comportement criminel des informaticiens au Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/MQ42718.pdf.
Full textParmentier, James. "La Fonction de liaison et la logique de la culpabilité dans l'acte criminel : Etude des processus psychiques inconscients chez des hommes devenus meurtriers après ruptures affectives." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070026.
Full textThis work is about the unconscious meaning underlying criminal acting-outs which take place after an emotional break-up - mainly focussing on the existence of a binding between break-up and criminal action. What is the function of crime within such a binding ? And what logic is at work there ? The clinical part of the research took place in jail. The interviews conducted among murderers, show definite signs of active fantasies related to their criminal acting-out. Concerned with the overlap between fiction and the criminal acting-out, this study grounds itself into literature to bring light to the process at work in the fictional act. The active fantasy continues itself into the criminal acting-out ; at the root of such prolongation lies a narcissistic super investment. It seems that the criminal acting-out takes on the function of binding the oncoming excitations triggered by the emotional break-up : within this process an auto-erotic pleasure is satisfied. .
Cioclei, Valerian. "Le mobile dans la conduite criminelle." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10009.
Full textPhilippe, Jonathan. "Prédiction robuste du comportement vibratoire des redresseurs sectorisés désaccordés." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC020/document.
Full textAircraft engine components necessitate extensive dynamical analyses in order to obtain life cycle prediction. In order to lighten the structure, turbomachinery stator bladed disks, called stator vanes, are designed as a set of multiple blades clusters. This architecture implies a loss of cyclic symmetry condition and prevents the use of numerical methods using it. Moreover, geometric dispersions and materials defaults generate an involuntary mistuning involving high modal density areas, in which is observed an amplification of the vibratory response, enhanced by the monobloc character - and hence low damped - of stator vanes. A statistical methodology for predicting the vibratory level of a randomly mistuned industrial stator vanes is developed here. Uncertainties modelization is based on a parametric approach of the probability theory : material random parameters following a uniform distribution are associated with different cluster's parts. A Karhunen-Loeve expansion reduces the stochastic field to a small number of random variables and therefore reduces the computation time. Stochastic modes are then projected on these random spaces through two non-intrusive methods of interpolation. The first is based on a projection on a polynomial chaos basis while the second is non-parametric regression method (MARS method). In order to implement both numerical methods to an industrial model, a double modal synthesis method is applied to divide the calculation time of modes by a factor around 300. The sub-structuring way adopted fits the uncertainties modelization method and is robust towards mistuning. Moreover, both methods yield predictive results in terms of statistical moments while reducing computation time. Finally, the methodology is experimentally validated because the numerical vibratory envelope frames the experimental frequency response at the area of the modes of interest. A positioning strategy of strain gauges is proposed based on a statistical distribution of the maximum displacements in vein halfway over a given frequency range
Winlow, Simon. "Badfellas : crime, tradition and new masculinities /." Oxford : Berg, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38869170q.
Full textBellemare, Laurent. "Un modèle multiphasique de prédiction du comportement d'un feu de végétation." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11008.
Full textMapagha, Saül. "Qualification de la prédiction du comportement vibratoire d'un sous-système sur véhicule." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557906.
Full textEgurreguy, Didier. "Lois de comportement et prédiction de l'endommagement des milieux orthotropes non linéaires." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10545.
Full textCloutier, Claude. "Prédiction de l'intention créative à l'aide du modèle du comportement planifié d'Ajzen." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4753/1/000628891.pdf.
Full textGicquel, Cécilia. "Développement d'un modèle polycristallin pour la prédiction du comportement d'alliages de zirconium." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS569.
Full textZirconium alloys are used in the nuclear industry to manufacture fuel cladding tubes. They are considered to be the first confinement barrier against the radioactive products. Under nominal operating conditions, those alloys are exposed to temperature, pressure and radiation effects, that cause three different phenomenon known as irradiation creep, irradiation growth and thermal creep. In order to understand and characterize these deformation modes, experimental tests are generally performed and lead to the derivation of empirical models that are further introduced in structural analysis calculations, to ensure safety requirements. Those models are constrained to the frame in which they are identified and can no longer be used if the conditions of the study are modified. To circumvent those limitations, the use of micromechanical approaches and homogenization techniques seems to be an appropriate choice. The purpose of this work is to develop a polycrystalline model, capable of predicting the elastoviscoplastic behaviour of zirconium alloys. This kind of approach is not new and have been initiated several decades ago. But more recently, the evolution of computation capabilities have encouraged new developments such as the implementation of those models into structural analysis calculations. In order to evolve in that direction, specific choices have been made in this work, on both the formulation of the problem by using an internal variable formulation and the numerical tool called MFront, which is used to implement and solve the problem. In this work, a polycrystalline model has been developed in order to reproduce the in-reactor behaviour of zirconium alloy cladding tubes deforming by irradiation creep and irradiation growth. Its parameters have been identified on an experimental data base for Zircaloy-4 specimens in both stress relieved and recrystallized metallurgical states. The model has then been introduced in a 1D finite element code simulation tool, to study the behaviour of the cladding through its thickness, in response to typical in-reactor loading conditions. The comparison of experimental and numerical results shows that the model describes accurately steady creep but does not reproduce the transient creep. This suggests that viscoelastic coupling alone is insufficient to describe the behaviour at the beginning of the experiment. Several evolutions have therefore been considered, especially the handling of viscoplastic behaviour, that have been initiated during this work, in order to model thermal creep
Dlouhá, Jana. "Comportement viscoélastique longitudinal du bois vert : diversité et prédiction à long terme." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20054.
Full textThe aim of the study was to predict the long-term creep behaviour of green wood in longitudinal direction for a period corresponding to a tree life and explore the variability of this behaviour. The study took place in two steps: first, a screening of vibration properties was done on a large sample of ten tropical species including different wood types, the reaction wood included. Second, a small selection was used for an in-depth analysis of the long-term creep properties. Further, the relation with structural parameters such as basic density, microfibril angle and percentage of anatomical elements was investigated. A testing procedure was developed to assess the long-term viscoelastic properties based on short-term creep tests performed at different temperatures. Occurrence of physical aging phenomenon, subsequent to a quench from a temperature above the temperature of glassy transition, was evidenced. Direct applicability of the time-temperature equivalency was questioned by discrepancies observed in the approximated complex plane (ACP). Additional assumption of the temperature dependency on the initial compliance, similar to the entropic elasticity in amorphous polymers, was suggested and successfully applied to obtain reliable long-term creep predictions. Thermo activated creep behaviour along with the physical aging was described by a parabolic Maxwell model identified from the representation of experimental data in the ACP. Finally, the hypothesis of a key role played by the middle lamella in the long-term creep was suggested to explain the weakness of the correlations observed between the amount of relative creep and the structure of the cell wall
Colin, Alexis. "De la collecte de trace à la prédiction du comportement d'applications parallèles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAS020.
Full textRuntime systems are commonly used by parallel applications in order to efficiently exploit the underlying hardware resources. A runtime system hides the complexity of the management of the hardware and exposes a high-level interface to application developers. To this end, it makes decisions by relying on heuristics that estimate the future behavior of the application. We propose Pythia, a library that serves as an oracle capable of predicting the future behavior of an application, so that the runtime system can make more informed decisions. Pythia builds on the deterministic nature of many HPC applications: by recording an execution trace, Pythia captures the application main behavior. The trace can be provided for future executions of the application, and a runtime system can ask for predictions of future program behavior. We evaluate Pythia on 13 MPI applications and show that Pythia can accurately predict the future of most of these applications, even when varying the problem size. We demonstrate how Pythia predictions can guide a runtime system optimization by implementing an adaptive thread parallelism strategy in GNU OpenMP runtime system. The evaluation shows that, thanks to Pythia prediction, the adaptive strategy reduces the execution time of an application by up to 38%
Neuilly, Mélanie Angela. "Le Théâtre Sériel, l’Autre Scène de Crime : approche Projective Psychocriminologique du Meurtre en Série." Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458914/fr/.
Full textThe present research seeks to establish a new perspective on serial crime scene analysis, following a psycho-criminological paradigm. In order to achieve this goal, a multi-level methodology will be used, combining a phenomenological approach and statistical analyses, in a comparative manner. The discourses having stakes in the crime scene and its analysis will first be identified and presented, whether they be legal, medico-legal, police-related, « psych, » political, or media-related. Death scenes, be they violent or not, criminal or not, collected during a field research in two medical examiners’ officers (one in France and one in the United States), will then be used statistically in order to illustrate the phenomenological complexity of the scene. These same data will then be qualitatively analyzed so as to give depth to the statistical analysis
Darakdjian, Quentin. "Prédiction des performances énergétiques des bâtiments avec prise en compte du comportement des usagers." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS015/document.
Full textContinuous improvement of the building energy performance is associated with the development of increasingly efficient and accurate numerical tools. While the consideration of phenomena related to buildings, systems and weather is well mastered, occupants’ behaviours are modelled in a very simplified way by repetitive scenarios and deterministic laws. The impact of occupants on energy consumption in high-performance buildings is dominant, as evidenced by the recurring gaps between predicted and measured results. The thesis demonstrates, via a multi-agent platform and stochastic models, an update on the ability to model occupants’ presence, their behaviours on windows, occultation devices, artificial lighting and heating setpoint temperatures. The application of the platform applies to office and residential buildings, for new builds and refurbishments. Occupants’ behaviour models are ideally obtained from in situ surveys, laboratory studies or sociological works. The suggested platform is then co-simulated with the EnergyPlus software, to study the influence of the models on a buildings energy performance. In the perspective of energy performance guarantees, this work contributes to the updating and reliability of prediction tools
Colas-Bucco, Delphine. "Femmes et criminalité : approche sociologique de la construction identitaire." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3029.
Full textEach of us may know own identity owing to his/her identity card or professionnal position. As we exist, we are able to introduce ourselves. But how does this polymorphous identity concept build up ? Through the stories of 5 years of life-convicted women, we study their reidentification processes. Relying on these women's life experiences we try to understand the way they regard the story of their lives. To achieve this we met eight women in the utmost frame of the Prison for Women in Rennes and collected their stories. These lifestories hightlight the way they deal with their identities as they are in jail and lead us to a couple of questions : Does being in jail modify their relation to their own identity ? Which identity changes occur during their imprisonment ?
Amy, de la Bretèque Emmanuel. "Etude du comportement thermique de modules photovoltaïques en vue de la prédiction de leur production." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11063.
Full textThe framework of this study is the field performance assessment of gridconnected photovoltaic modules. The efficiency of crystalline silicon modules under field conditions decreases linearly with their operating temperature, compared to the efficiency under standard test conditions (STC). Hence, neither the peak power nor the efficiency at STC is representative of the mean operating performance. The purpose of this work is to develop a model for the PV modules thermal behaviour, which may easily be implemented in field performance assessment prediction methods. The model delivers an estimate of mean module temperature over the whole plane-of-array irradiance range, which is a parameter of the site profile description of local climates. The wind speed probability density function enables taking the average solution of the module energy balance equation. A quantification of thermal losses is achieved by empirical optimization of phenomenological models. Supposing that wind speed and solar irradiance might be considered independent as stochastic variables eventually delivers a characterization of local climate by energy-weighted averages of meteorological parameters. The experimental study of a 1. 1 kWp roof mounted photovoltaic systems illustrates and validates the proposed models
Cerisier, Ambre. "Prédiction du comportement d'une réparation structurale collée en escalier : application d'une méthodologie par évaluateurs technologiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30120/document.
Full textBonded repair is an issue more and more brought to attention in the aeronautical industry due to the rise of composite materials in primary structures. If most studies in the literature are focused on bonded interface on small-sized coupons, this PhD dissertation intends to design a technological evaluator that represents issues due to their wide sizes, which would enable the study of the influence of several processes on the behavior of the bonded interface of a structural step-lap repair. In order to reach this goal, a major part of the work involved the setting up of a numerical strategy, light in CPU time and adapted to the study of a multi-step repaired structure, with representative dimensions. This numerical step is fed by upstream studies, done on coupons, and that lead us to find a mixed failure indicator of the adhesive film. Once the numerical choices validated, they were applied to find the design of a technological evaluator, as well as its loading kinematics, meant to place the latter in a representative industrial situation. They were both tested thanks to a multi axial test machine
Azabou, Mejda. "Modélisation et prédiction du comportement macroscopique du sel gemme dans le contexte du stockage souterrain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLM012.
Full textThe optimal design of underground facilities in salt formations depends on the quality of the experimental measurements used to develop constitutive laws and to calibrate their parameters, as well as on the predictive abilities of these modelson the short and long term. A comprehensive experimental campaign was carried out, its analysis along with that ofthe existing experimental data base in MINES ParisTech, raised questions concerning the assumption of specimens representativity during laboratory tests. The effect of specimens heterogeneity on the macroscopic behavior of rock saltwas numerically investigated within a virtual laboratory. This investigation showed that specimens heterogeneity can explain the irregularities often observed in experimental measurements and that the tested specimens can be smaller than the required representative volume element (RVE). In an approach allowing to elaborate a macroscopic constitutivelaw and to overcome representativity related issues, the required RVE size was correlated to that of the heterogeneities.The pertinence of the predictive abilities of this macroscopic law was addressed and a new law, aiming to overcome the limitations of existing models in terms of the quality of their long term predictions, was proposed
Nguyen, Dang-Truc. "Prédiction des déformations permanentes des couches de surface des chaussées bitumineuses." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENPC0616.
Full textGringoz, Florian. "Prédiction de la conformité géométrique d'assemblages aéronautiques." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN012.
Full textThe assembly geometry is define through its components geometry described in their nominal configuration, in other words without geometrical deviations and with accurate relative positions. In fact, the real components geometries has geometrical deviations and their positions are not accurate. The doctoral work consists of predict the geometrical conformity of an aeronautical assembly from the geometries of its components. From knowledge of components geometry, a second step objective is to realise the simulation of assembly of this components (geometrical deviations propagation and finite elements coupling) in order to evaluate the geometrical conformity of the assembly, and to determinate the required operations in order to reach this conformity. The entire process will be applied on aeronautical nacelles
Godlewski, Catherine. "Développement d’un outil de prédiction du comportement d’un circuit intégré sous impact laser en technologie CMOS." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR15209/document.
Full textThis present work deals with the analysis and study of the integrated circuits behavior in CMOS technology under laser injection. An implementation methodology of a laser impact has been developed and optimized. The study has been focused on the development of a simulation tool integrating an electrical model of a laser impact on MOS transistor. This allows to reproduce in a qualitative way the behavior of a circuit under laser impact (semi-invasive attack on rear face of the circuit), whatever the physical properties of the laser.A preliminary study allowed us to calibrate a new electrical model and its use methodology based on the expected theory: photocurrent creation proportional to the applied potential on the drain junction and linked to the photoelectrical potential with the impacted area; triggering of the lateral parasitic bipolar transistors.The analysis of different complex circuits on silicon under different kind of laser beam allowed us also to validate the developed tool and its implementation methodology: it will help designers to prevent or predict such behavior of their circuits under laser attack, allowing them to find solutions of countermeasures and thus making their integrated circuits more robust in critical applications
Godlewski, Catherine. "Développement d'un outil de prédiction du comportement d'un circuit intégré sous impact laser en technologie CMOS." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958998.
Full textRakotoarisoa, Zolalaina. "Prédiction du comportement environnemental des résidus de procédés thermiques (RPT) utilisés comme matériaux de travaux publics." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0060/these.pdf.
Full textThis study aims, on the one hand, to the installation of methodological tools (tests, prediction models) for the evaluation of the environmental behaviour of porous wastes/materials in percolant scenarios, and with the evaluation of the environmental behaviour of two coal fly-ashes in fill scenario, on the other hand. A methodology of evaluation of long-term leaching behaviour, in percolant scenario is proposed. It is carried out through a physico-chemical characterisation of waste (cheimical and mineralogical composition, the study of the dissolution kinetics, the influence of pH on species solubilisation, the effect of ratio L/S) and with the identification of the various pollutants transfer mechanisms using leaching tests to know hydrology on the ground pilot (column percolation tests in laboratory, tracing tests to know hydrology on the ground). The forecast of the behaviour in scenario is based on mineralogical models (geochemical), matter transfer models on the scale of the laboratory and the ground, and a powerful coupling geochemistry-transport. The validation of the assumptions material evolution and the models was carried out through the study of compacted ashes lysimeters
Morin, Benjamin. "Modélisation de liaisons flexibles amortissantes en élastomères pour la prédiction du comportement dynamique de systèmes complexes." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1067/document.
Full textIn the context of passive damping, various mechanical systems from the space, aeronautic or auto-mobile industry use elastomer components (shock absorbers, silent blocks, flexible joints...).These materials have frequency, temperature and amplitude dependentcharacteristics. The associated numerical models may become computationally too expensive during an optimization process.The aim of this work is to propose an efficient reduced model of rubber devices that account for the viscoelastic damping and the non-linear pre-stress in the dampers.The first part of this thesis is about how to include the viscoelasticdamping in the reduced model. It starts by using a viscoelastic constitutive relation, based on experimental identification, within the frame of the finite element method to obtain a numerical model of the rubber dampers. A first efficient reduced model is then derived from this FE model by using an original extension of sub-structuring methods in the case of viscoelastic damping.In the second part, the influence of non-linear static pre-stress overthe dynamic behavior and the dissipation in the dampers is studied. An hyper-visco-elastic constitutive relation, linearized in the neighbourhood of a pre-stressed state, is developed. The sub-structuring methods presented in the first part are then upgraded to account for the damping and the geometrical non-linearities in the dampers. Finally, these 2-node reduced models give access to greatly reduced computation times (50 to 100 times faster) and are easy to use for the engineer
Esposito, Fiammetta. "Tueurs en série français : regards croisés de la psychopathologie et de la criminologie à propos de six meurtriers multiréitérants français." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT3006.
Full textA serial killer never acts without motive : his murderous acts are triggered by a specific drive. The motivations of a serial killer are deeply hidden in his pathological psyche. Each of his gestures and each word he will pronounce about the homicides he committed can be decoded particulary thanks to criminology and psychopathology. Upstream, we shall look into the biography of these atypical criminals ; downstream, we shall raise the question of their future in detention and their access to medical attention, with regard to the danger they represent. The first part of this study lays the foundations of the criminal and behavioral analysis, which basis will help study the profile of six French criminals in the second part. The third part consists of a more methodological approach for the use of the practitioners : judicial police officers, magistrates, lawyers ans psychiatrists
Nguyen, Dang-Truc. "Prédiction des déformation permanentes des couches de surface des chaussées bitumineuses." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00148791.
Full textMiegemolle, Bernard. "Prédiction de comportement d'applications parallèles et placement à l'aide de modèles économiques sur une grille de calcul." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420473.
Full textGuilhen, Pierre-Michel. "Prédiction du comportement dynamique des rotors dans le cas d’équations à coefficients periodiques : instabilité – réponse aux balourds." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0026.
Full textTreutenaere, Sylvain. "Modélisation du comportement des composites stratifiés à préformes textiles avec prédiction du délaminage pour des simulations d'impact." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0001/document.
Full textCarbon Fabric Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) will soon used in high volume automotive production in order to reduce the vehicle weight. For safety and design reasons, their complex behaviours under low-speed impacts, such as pedestrian impacts, need to be accurately modelled and predicted by finite element simulations. For this purpose, a material model dedicated to explicit finite element simulations has been developed and implemented in a commercial finite element code. Subject to low-speed impacts, the CFRP shows four different physical mechanisms which alter the initial stiffness of the material: intralaminar matrix cracks, fibre failure, delamination and strain-rate sensitivity. The intralaminar damage is modelled through constitutive equations based on the continuum damage theory. It is based on the Onera Damage Model, but with the consideration of friction mechanisms between crack lips in order to represent the hysteresis loops in case of cyclic loading. The strain-rate sensitivity is introduced by means of the rheological generalised Maxwell viscoelastic model. Regarding the fibre damage, a failure criterion based on the strain of the fibre direction is introduced. The energy release due to the fibre failure is also regularised thanks to a smeared crack approach. Finally, in order to welldescribed the out-of-plane behaviour, such as bending, of a laminated CFRP material, a recomputation of a realistic strain field through-the thickness of the laminate is introduced at level of the material model. Based on strain energy equilibrium between usual shell element theory and higher-order zigzag theory, this formulation is able to consider delamination at ply interfaces by using only one shell element through-the-thickness of a laminate. In addition, the model is placed in a total Lagrangian framework to ensure both objectivity and material coherence. The identification procedure, with the needed experimental tests, as well as validation tests and experimental/numerical correlations are given for all physical mechanisms previously described. Finally, this model is evaluated through the behaviour prediction of an industrial structure
Védrenne, Jérôme. "Simulation dynamique du comportement mécanique de navires, application à la propulsion éolienne." Nantes, 2010. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=37741.
Full textWind driven ship performances have been assessed for more than thirty years by the mean of velocity prediction programs (VPP) that compute mechanical balance in a steady state. Progresses made using these tools have been significant but ship behaviour is indeed greatly unsteady, hence a dynamical approach is required to improve performance program capacities. This work examines the problem of ship dynamics and propose a method using a lagragian form of dynamic equations, non linear, in time domain and with multi body capacities. Forces on ship, and especially hydrodynamic and aerodynamic forces are calculated using mathematical models based on theoretical, experimental or numerical results. These models, based on the ones used for steady state performance calculation then extended for the need of dynamic simulation, are presented. The software organisation is also shown. Results coming from the software developed during this work are compared with full scale experimental results. Firstly for an electrical passenger ship, then for a racing yacht during a tacking manoeuvre. Obtained results show the validity of the proposed method. Finally, capacities of the dynamic tool are shown though the study of a small racing yacht
Fleury, François. "Prédiction du comportement des structures en béton armé sous sollicitations sismiques : proposition d'un modèle global de noeud d'ossature intégrant le comportement de la liaison acier/béton." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF21833.
Full textPasquier, Hélène. "Définir l'acceptabilité sociale dans les modèles d'usage : vers l'introduction de la valeur sociale dans la prédiction du comportement d'utilisation." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840220.
Full textVieille, Benoit. "De l'élaboration d'un modèle numérique à la prédiction du comportement de strutures minces en alliage à mémoire de forme." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2027.
Full textThe Shape Memory Alloys industrial development is narrowly connected to the design process requiring the perfecting of efficient numerical tools which allow to simulate their complex behaviours. The SMA superelasticity tridimensional phenomenological model so developed comes from the generalized standard materials theory and the classical plasticity models. The expansion to the finite transformations case relies on the deformed intermediate configuration and the director vectors concepts. The model constitutive laws numerical integration with an implicit method allowed then the implementation in the finite element code Castem 2000Ò. At last, the comparison with experimental tests allowed the validation of the model integration in a specific shell finite element context. Thus, it permits to consider the finite transformations computations for very thin structures under proportional loadings
Ayoub, Georges. "Comportement en grandes déformations et fatigue des polymères : modélisation constitutive et prédiction de la durée de vie en fatigue." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10076/document.
Full textTwo representative polymers are studied in this thesis: a semi-crystalline thermoplastic (polyethylene) and an elastomer (styrene-butadiene rubber SBR).A physically-based hyperelastic-viscoplastic model integrating the crystallinity effects is proposed to describe the mechanical behavior under large deformation of polyethylene. The capabilities of the proposed model to reproduce the mechanical behavior of typical thermoplastic (viscoplastic-hyperelastic) to the mechanical behavior more typical of elastomers (visco-hyperelastic) are demonstrated. The proposed model is modified by incorporating a non-linear viscous component to capture the mechanical behavior of polyethylene under cyclic loading. To describe the damage process under multiaxial cyclic loading of SBR, two complementary approaches have been used. The first one, based on the network alteration theory, allows describing the stress-softening until failure. The comparison between the proposed model and experimental results obtained under uniaxial cyclic loading highlighted the relevance of such approach. The second one, based on the continuum damage mechanics theory, aims to predict the multiaxial fatigue life under complex loadings of rubber-like materials. In this approach, the damage variable is derived from the cracking energy density. After identifying the damage parameters using uniaxial fatigue data, the predictive capabilities of the proposed model are highlighted under multiaxial loadings, combining tension and torsion tests
Pasquier, Hélène Marie Louise. "Définir l'acceptabilité sociale dans les modèles d'usage : vers l'introduction de la valeur sociale dans la prédiction du comportement d'utilisation." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20058/document.
Full textThe issue of this dissertation is to propose a psychosocial paradigm for the study of usage processes based on the concept of social acceptability, defined as the “value individuals attribute to objects and/or users depending on their social relationship” (Lefeuvre et al., 2008, p.101).This psychosocial paradigm finds its roots between sociological and ergonomic points of view, and is focused on the concept of social variables from acceptability models (from the HMI and MIS fields and TRA-TPB). We have established that social variables are initially neglected in usage models, nevertheless three possible evolution trajectories appear in existingmodels. This dissertation aims to enhance a usage prediction model based on the concept of social acceptability. Two hypotheses were tested. In this research, the first hypothesis states that when behaviour value is considered, social variables are a core determinant of behaviour prediction (Conner et Armitage, 1998 ; Rivis, Sheeran et Armitage, 2009 ; Manning, 2009), and the second hypothesis states that differences exist between the effects of social variables when the value of behaviour is considered. In order to empirically test these hypotheses, we operationnalized behaviour value in two ways. In studies 1 & 2, behaviour value was operationalized through behaviour valorization and tested in the transportation field. In studies 3 to 5, behaviour value was operationalized by the level of behaviour sociality and tested in the green mobility domain. Main results validate the relevance of a social acceptability oriented approach for the understanding of usage processes. Furthermore, results underline that social variables have a higher predictive power for valuable behaviours compared to less valuable behaviours
Génuit, Philippe Villerbu Loick M. "La criminalité féminine." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198603/fr.
Full textDancette, Sylvain. "Comportement mécanique des soudures par points : mécanismes et stratégies de prédiction dans le cas des tôles en acier pour automobile." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0039/these.pdf.
Full textPredicting the strength of Advanced High Strength Steels resistance spot welds is a huge challenge in the automotive industry. Indeed, the crash properties of a car body structure depends on the performance of the welded joints. A first step in the PhD work consisted in a statistical analysis of experimental spot welding data available at ArcelorMittal in order to get insights into spot welds mechanical behaviour. An empirical model was proposed for the prediction of spot welds strength. An experimental protocol was developed to overcome the limits of such a model and obtain a better understanding of failure mechanisms. Interrupted Cross Tension and Tensile Shear tests were performed and spot welds failure was investigated with optical micrographs, SEM fractography and 3D-tomography in order to follow the three-dimensional crack paths due to the complex loading modes. A limited number of failure zones and damage mechanisms could be distinguished. Next, a Finite Elements model of spot welds behaviour was developed, requiring an appropriate description of Heat Affected Zones mechanical properties. This has been obtained by experimental simulations of the spot welding thermal cycles with a Gleeble machine followed by classical mechanical tests. Spot welds strength and failure type could be predicted as a function of the geometrical features the weld assembly and the loading mode
Techer, Isabelle. "Apports des analogues naturels vitreux à la validation des codes de prédiction du comportement à long terme des verres nucléaires." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20101.
Full textMounoury, Sébastien. "Contribution au modèle d'interaction fluide structure de prédiction de comportement d'une surface souple de faible épaissseur soumise : application aux voiles." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2095.
Full textThis study adds to the development of a non linear aeroelastic model which is destined to predict the behaviour of a thin flexible surface in contact with a flow under the hypothesis of an inviscid fluid. This fluid-structure interaction model integrates a structure alculation, based on a string networkmodel, with a fluid calculation, based on a singularity method associated with a vortex method. Both the string model and the string network model are explained and applied to problems permitting analytical or semi analytical solutions. The fluid structure coupling, allowing the interface to be managed, is a weak coupling. The model obtained is applied to a class 8 foresail. The results are compared to those obtained from a membrane model. The experiments conducted in a wind tunnel on a small scale model rig are presented
Rembis-Graziani, Claudine. "D'un lien à l'autre : les sectes : un pacte "hors père"." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20026.
Full textWhat's the nature of the tie between a guru and his group ? Is the " sect " a way to recovery or destruction ? Must we talk about " the sect " or about " groupe jeopardy " ?From the state authorities point of view as well as for the specialists and other field workers, sects are found guilty when they attempt against human rights and constitutionally granted liberties. Some people think that the sectarian machinery has to be clearly defined and examined so that a delict of mental mischief could be put forward. From this point of view, family stands in opposition to the sect. As far as family rights are concerned, some magistrats consider every case as particular, having regard to delictuous deeds on one hand and educative offences on the other. From this controverse emerges an anthropological question : whose rights are we defending ? In this perspcetive, the concept of subject forges ahead the question of the social tie and of the sectarian tie. Looking back on the notions of family, religion and sciences enables us to bring out several existential standpoints towards freedom. A " sect " may be dissident, " religionistic " or " spiritualistic ". Danger for anyone, subject and society, has to be evaluated with regard to its position, to the nature of the group tie and its rites ? No human community built on a manuchean digma is safe from totalitarian practices. Utopian sectarian sects are particurlarly destructive in the way they try to cancel incarnation. In their aim to mould a perfect human being into their own schemes, these challenging worlds, these sterilized bubbles succeed in reducing their followers into objects animated by an active passivity. Motionned by an ostensible hostility towards democratic institutions, their leaders are guilty of crime against humanity. Ideological pratices attack life with regard to filiation, family, subject and culture
Bigras, Jacques. "La prédiction de la récidive chez les délinquants sexuels." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007.
Find full textFortat, Marie-Laure. "Diatrophie du féminin et tendance antisociale chez Winnicott : approche critique." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H057.
Full textWinncott's works on the antisocial tendancy is surely linked to the history of psychoanalytic movment. His development grows on the works of authors who have searched on carency phenomen (not only Klein but studies of delinquancy in wien or authors like Bowlby who was linked to the Middle Group). This paper is build on 3 different points : not only clinical but although theorical and historical beyond Winnicott's cases and cases of antisocial adolescents. We try to put on light the feminin element's role in the identitary construction of carenced adolescents. The integration of the feminin adolescent can not be realised if it's refused or denied. In this last cas, this aspect is considered like a possibility in the fight against the fantasm of object murder