Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prédiction du cycle solaire'
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Leo, Jessica. "Modélisation et conduite optimale d'un cycle combiné hybride avec source solaire et stockage." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT123/document.
Full textThis work concerns the subsystems coordination of a new type of power plant: a Hybrid Combined Cycle (HCC). This HCC plant is not yet build but consists of a Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP), a concentrated solar plant (parabolic trough) and a thermal storage system (a molten-salts two-tank indirect sensible thermal storage). How to coordinate these three subsystems optimally during variations in power demand or in gas price?First, each subsystem is studied independently in order to get on one hand a physical model that reproduces the dynamical behavior of the considered subsystem, and on the other hand, a local control that achieves an operation according to pre-specified objectives. Then, a model of the HCC system is obtained by coupling the models of the three defined subsystems.Eventually, a coordination of the subsystems is set up in order to adapt the behavior of each subsystem according to the global objectives for the full HCC system, by optimizing subsystem setpoints. In this study, a linear quadratic coordination and a model predictive coordination are designed. The obtained results are promising: they first show that during a power demand, the coordination allows the global system to quickly respond, using extensively the solar production. Besides, when the power demand undergoes many fluctuations, the solar and storage parts absorb these variations and the gas turbine of the CCPP is much less stressed. In addition, when there is no more solar radiation, the storage part continues producing solar steam, until storage tanks are empty. At last, the storage part allows to adjust the gas turbine production according to the gas prices
Rahmani, Mustapha Amine. "Gestion de l'énergie d'une micro-centrale solaire thermodynamique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT077/document.
Full textThis Ph.D thesis was prepared in the scope of the MICROSOL project, ledby Schneider Electric, that aims at developing Off-grid solar thermodynamic micro powerplants exploiting the solar thermal energy. The aim of this thesis being the development of innovative and efficient control strategies for the energy management of two kinds of solar thermodynamic micro power plants: based on Stirling engine and based and Organic RankineCycle (ORC) machines.In a first part, we consider the Stirling based solar thermodynamic micro power planthybridized with a supercapacitor as an energy buffer. Within this framework, we propose afirst experimentally validated control strategy, associated to the energy conversion system ofthe Stirling engine, that endows the system with quasi optimal performances in term of settlingtime enabling the size reduction of the supercapacitor. A second control strategy that handlesexplicitly the system constraints while providing the system with optimal performances interm of settling time , is also proposed. This control strategy is in fact more than a simplecontroller, it is a control framework that holds for a family of energy conversion systems.In a second part, we consider the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) based thermodynamicmicro power plant hybridized with a battery bank as an energy buffer. Since this system worksat constant speed for the asynchronous generator electrically connected to a commercial energyconversion system, we propose a model predictive controller that acts on the thermodynamicpart of this system to move from an operating point to another, during the load power demandtransients, as fast as possible (to reduce the size of the battery banks) while respecting thephysical system constraints. The developed predictive controller is based upon a dynamicmodel, for the ORC power plant, identified experimentally thanks to an adequate nonlinearidentification algorithm
Salabert, David. "Héliosismologie & cycle d'activité solaire." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4002.
Full textThis thesis relates the analysis of the full disk helioseismic data IRIS – International Research of the Interior of the Sun, running into multisite since 11 years. The merging of data from various partnerships in a coherent manner results in a significant improvement in duty cycles, initiating the IRIS++ network, whose data are from now on freely accessible. The long and short term variabilities of p-mode parameters with solar activity and frequency have been studied, thanks to the 11 years of collected measurements, covering a complete solar cycle. The observed variations in parameters show an important sensitivity with the activity, constraining the damping and the excitation of the modes during the solar cycle. The obviousness of variations about a few months in the p-mode frequencies is presented as well as the observation o similar periodicities to those found in other solar data set. Tables of frequencies and splittings have been computed
Zaher, Ali. "Traitement d'images meteosat : prédiction de l'irradiation solaire et contrôle supervisé de capteurs solaires." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1083.
Full textIn the solar energy converting applications, the orientation of the solar collectors plays a major role in optimizing the overall system efficiency. In this study, the objective of our work is to exploit the knowledge of solar resources, using satellite image processing, to develop an intelligent decision-making system to achieve our goal, depending on sky states. Firstly, we have developed an approach for estimating and predicting the instantaneous solar radiation basing on the estimation of cloud motion in image sequences. The second step of our work was to use estimation and prediction results to develop a fuzzy logic based control strategy for optimizing the orientation of solar collectors. To validate the control approach, it was implemented on an experimental prototype. The results were very satisfactory, with power gains of up
Ledanois, Jean-Marie. "Mesures de radiation solaire à Caracas : application à la prédiction du diffus et à la modélisation d'un jour solaire hypothétique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ECAP0012.
Full textAmy, de la Bretèque Emmanuel. "Etude du comportement thermique de modules photovoltaïques en vue de la prédiction de leur production." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11063.
Full textThe framework of this study is the field performance assessment of gridconnected photovoltaic modules. The efficiency of crystalline silicon modules under field conditions decreases linearly with their operating temperature, compared to the efficiency under standard test conditions (STC). Hence, neither the peak power nor the efficiency at STC is representative of the mean operating performance. The purpose of this work is to develop a model for the PV modules thermal behaviour, which may easily be implemented in field performance assessment prediction methods. The model delivers an estimate of mean module temperature over the whole plane-of-array irradiance range, which is a parameter of the site profile description of local climates. The wind speed probability density function enables taking the average solution of the module energy balance equation. A quantification of thermal losses is achieved by empirical optimization of phenomenological models. Supposing that wind speed and solar irradiance might be considered independent as stochastic variables eventually delivers a characterization of local climate by energy-weighted averages of meteorological parameters. The experimental study of a 1. 1 kWp roof mounted photovoltaic systems illustrates and validates the proposed models
Tison, Emmanuelle. "Détection d’oscillations de longues périodes dans la couronne solaire : analyse statistique des données EIT/SOHO à 19.5 nm pendant le cycle solaire 23." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112360.
Full textThe aim of the statistical study conducted during my PhD is to perform a systematic detection of ultra-long period intensity oscillations without a priori on the type of coronal structures using EIT data on board SOHO at 19. 5 nm from January 1997 to September 2008, i. E almost the entire solar cycle 23. We detected more than 400 oscillations whose periods range between 3. 4 and 13. 6 h with a more frequent period of 6-7h. Most of the oscillations are localized in active regions, in coronal loops and last several ten hours or so. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the possible instrumental sources and conclude that the observed signal is of solar origin. We discuss various hypotheses which could explain the behavior of the oscillations found. In particular, we suggest that the periodical intensity variations observed may be the result of a condensation cycle of the coronal plasma in loops
Voyant, Cyril. "Prédiction de séries temporelles de rayonnement solaire global et de production d'énergie photovoltaïque à partir de réseaux de neurones artificiels." Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635298.
Full textPenquerc'h, Virginie. "Variation avec le cycle solaire et modélisation globale du champ magnétique ionosphérique : préparation de la mission Swarm." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GLOB0001.
Full textThe Earth’s magnetic field is continuously measured by about 200 magnetic observatories worldwide and by satellites, such as Oersted (launched in 1999) and CHAMP (2000-2010). These recordings are used to study the properties of the geomagnetic field, and in particular to model the contributions of the various sources of the field. Among these, the electric currents flowing in the ionosphere around 110 km of altitude cause the diurnal variation of the field, which has been observed since the eighteenth century. This field, the so-called Sq ionospheric field, is mainly present on the dayside of the Earth, at midlatitudes, and strongly varies with days, seasons and solar activity. The aim of this study was twofold: to study the variability of the Sq field with solar activity, and to improve its parameterisation in numerical models as a preparation for the upcoming ESA Swarm mission. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part presents a study of the variability of the Sq field over several solar cycles as a function of the f10. 7 index, which is a good indicator of solar activity. Using data from several observatories, we show that part of the solar cycle variability of the Sq field is not taken into account in current spherical harmonics models. This coefficient of variability (Wolf ratio) varies with seasons, a robust observation over more than fifty years of data. This result suggests the existence of a seasonal effect in the relationship between the electrical conductivity of the ionosphere and solar activity. The second part presents new spherical harmonic modelling of the Sq field. Based on four months of CHAMP satellite data, we show that it is possible to recover the main characteristics of the ionospheric field at low and mid-latitudes. The resulting models, for which the parameterisations are close to that of the CM4 model (Sabaka et al. , 2004), satisfactorily reproduce the observed field in observatories
Milliard, Marjorie. "Prédiction de l’abandon institutionnel au premier cycle universitaire à partir des principaux facteurs associés au phénomène." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8381.
Full textBorgogno, Remy. "Procédé thermo-hydraulique solaire appliqué à la trigénération dans le secteur résidentiel." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0025/document.
Full textA new process based on thermal-hydraulic conversion actuated by low-grade thermal energy (80–110 °C) is investigated and aims at providing trigeneration energy features for the residential sector. "Thermo-hydraulic" term refers to a process involving an incompressible fluid used as an intermediate medium to transfer work hydraulically between different thermal operated components or sub-systems allowing to improve the efficiency of the energy conversion chain. A model, assuming steady-state operations, is developed to assess the energy performances of different variants of this thermo-hydraulic process as well as various pairs of working fluids. These calculations were completed by a quasi-dynamic and dynamic models allowing a better sizing of the process. Finally, an annual study was realized from the quasi-static model in order to estimate the evolution of the performances as well as its power production over a complete year of functioning. For instance, in the frame of a single-family home, located in the Mediterranean region, the working fluid pair (R1234yf/R1233zd) is investigated in detail in order to estimate the annual performances. For domestic houses, the process aims at amplifying the solar energy collected by a factor of 1.32 for heating purpose, provides a cold production with a solar COP of 0.24 and generates electricity from the remaining solar energy with an efficiency of 4.2%
Touré, Abdou. "Etude théorique et expérimentale d'un moteur Ericsson à cycle de Joule pour conversion thermodynamique de l’énergie solaire ou pour micro-cogénération." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3012.
Full textAn Ericsson engine is an external heat supply engine working according to a Joule thermodynamic cycle. Such engines have separated compression and expansion cylinders, a recuperator, and a monophasic gaseous working fluid. First of all, in this thesis we have developed an original theoretical model of a volumetric hot air Joule cycle engine. The theoretical results are presented and analyzed. Then, we have tested a prototype of the 'hot' part of an open cycle Ericsson engine developed by our laboratory. Experimental results for the ‘engine mode’ and the ‘driven engine mode’ are presented and analyzed. The performances of the prototype are in agreement with previous modeling results and assumptions. Therefore it has been decided to build and add the compression part to the prototype so that to allow the test of a complete Ericsson engine
Granet, Victor. "La Simulation aux Grandes Echelles : un outil pour la prédiction des variabilités cycliques dans les moteurs à allumage commandé ?" Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652590.
Full textMartinez, Simon. "Études expérimentales et numériques d'un micro-cogénérateur solaire : intégration à un bâtiment résidentiel." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS019/document.
Full textThis work consists of the experimental and numerical study of the energy performance of a prototype of solar micro-cogeneration. The facility, located on the campus of the University of La Rochelle, operates by coupling a 46.5 m² parabolic trough solar collector field with an oil-free piston steam engine operating according to the Hirn thermodynamic cycle. The solar tracking system is carried out in two axes and the water is evaporated directly into the absorber of the parabolic trough collectors. Electricity generation is provided by a generator and the recovery of fatal heat must make it possible to meet the heating and domestic hot water needs of a building. The first part of this work presents the tests performed. The objective is to carry out additional tests to characterize the solar concentrator, to study the conditions of steam overheating, as well as the operation of the complete installation in winter. This work has allowed the development of models for the parabolic trough sensor, the tests in overheated mode have shown the need for an extra charge for the operation of such an installation while the tests with motor present productions compatible with the electricity and heat consumption of a residential building. The second part concerns the modelling of the elements constituting the micro-cogenerator as well as the integration of this installation into the building using dynamic thermal simulation software (TRNSYS©). This study proposes two integration options depending on the positioning of the auxiliary heater. For both configurations, weekly and annual reviews are presented to discuss the advantages/disadvantages of each provision. It appears that the positioning of the auxiliary on the primary circuit makes it possible to control the electrical production. The addition of back-up boiler on the distribution seems more easily achievable but prevents the control of power generation
Avenel, Coralie. "Durabilité des miroirs pour l'énergie solaire à concentration : étude des modes de vieillissement." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC035/document.
Full textDurability of solar mirrors is a key point for the development of concentrating solar power plants, because of the large investment, the goal of 30 years lifetime and of the implantations areas with hostile climates. This research work concerns the study of degradation modes and of monolithic or laminated glass solar mirrors durability. This thesis allows to successfully apply to CSP a lifetime prediction method already developed in more mature fields. Correlations between accelerated ageing tests and natural outdoor exposures performed on three sites evidence the predominant role of water and irradiance in protection paints of monolithic mirrors degradation. Damp heat tests were evaluated too aggressive for mirrors, considering thus the climatic conditions of potential application sites. Experimental results of accelerated ageing tests lead to the determination of kinetic parameters included in mathematical relationships modelling the main stress factors previously identified. Acceleration factors were then calculated for standard tests compared to sites with operational CSP plants. This work finally allows to estimate lifetimes of mirrors on specific sites, assuming that only the studied stress factors take part in degradation
Pelay, Ugo. "Intégration d'un procédé de stockage thermochimique à un cycle de Rankine, sous énergie solaire concentrée (in-stores)." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4026/document.
Full textThe integration of a thermal energy storage (TES) system in a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant increases the daily production time and permits to overcome solar energy’s intermittent character. Among the three types of existing thermal storage technology (sensible, latent, thermochemical), thermochemical storage receives an increasing attention in recent years. Indeed, its high energy density and its capacity to store energy without heat losses during a long period of time make it the most promising candidate for CSP application. The principal objective of this PhD dissertation is to study the innovative thermochemical storage process, to propose conceptions for its integration into a CSP plant and to optimize the CSP plant’s overall efficiency. Various methodologies were used, including energy and exergy analyses based on the first and second law of thermodynamics, dynamic numerical simulations for the operation cycle and the life cycle analysis. Three integration configurations have been firstly proposed, studied and compared based on the energy and exergy analyses. Dynamics models for individual component of the system and the CSP plant as a whole were created and tested. These simulations made it possible to carry out a comparison or the integration configurations taking into account the inertia of the components and the variable solar irradiation. Several electricity production modes have also be tested (base production, peak production). Finally, a life cycle analysis was carried out in order to compare the three integration configurations based on environmental criteria
Lacroix, Clément. "Procédé thermo-hydraulique solaire pour le dessalement par osmose inverse." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0001.
Full textReverse osmosis is the most widely used desalination technique today, mainly because of its low specific energy consumption. Reverse osmosis processes powered by a solar energy source are more and more developed because of their energy efficiency and the solar resource availability, matching particularly with high water stress areas. In this framework, an innovative solar thermo-hydraulic desalination process is here developed. It is analyzed and evaluated with the aim of producing autonomously fresh water from brackish water compatible with the needs of a remote village.This innovative reverse osmosis desalination process exploits a low-grade temperature heat source (50-80°C), converted into hydraulic energy by a thermodynamic engine cycle in which the expansion of a working fluid directly pressurizes the brackish water. A dynamic modeling of this process has been carried out to allow an evaluation of the process whose cyclic operation is highly dynamic. A particular attention has been paid to the dynamic behavior of the membrane module, subjected to cyclic pressure variations, which has needed a specific dynamic model of the reverse osmosis module that has been experimentally validated. The behavior of the overall process has been then simulated and analyzed over few cycles first, then over a whole day with different sunshine conditions. These simulations permit to evaluate the impact of variable operating conditions, as well as the water salinity and temperature on the dynamics of the process operation. Suitable command and control strategies to maximize the performances of the thermo-hydraulic process were also established. A study on the relevant geographical areas for its implantation has also been conducted. These simulations showed that this process should produce 450 to 750 liters of fresh water per day and per unit area of the solar collector for salinities ranging from 2 to 6 g.L-1, with a specific thermal energy consumption of order of 6 kWhth.m-3 and for a cost, estimated in first approximation from the cost of a prototype currently under development, of about 8 per m3 of produced water
Bossay, Sébastien. "Impact de la variabilité solaire sur l’ozone de la moyenne atmosphère." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS002V/document.
Full textA large part of the natural variability of the atmosphere and climate is related to solar variability. One of the forcing mechanisms of solar variability is based on perturbations of the middle atmosphere (stratosphere, mesosphere), particularly through ozone variations (photochemical processes), that then propagate through the troposphere to the surface. The thesis focuses on the first stage of this forcing mechanism, i.e. perturbations of ozone associated with solar variability and more specifically at the 27-day solar rotational time scales. The relationship between ozone and solar variability is studied not only using several time series of satellite data (MLS and GOMOS) but also results of a chemistry-climate model (LMDz-Reprobus) over analysis windows varying from 1 to 15 years. The mean ozone sensitivity to the 27-day solar cycle (% of ozone variation for 1% change in solar forcing) is characterized by positive values from 10 to 1 hPa with a maximum of 0.4 at 3 hPa. This sensitivity varies strongly depending on the size of the analysis window indicating that the solar signal can be masked by the dynamical variability, even during periods of strong solar activity. The dispersion of the results is found to be anti-correlated with the amplitude of the solar rotational fluctuations that are related to the phase of the 11-year solar cycle. In the mesosphere, ozone is found to be anti-correlated with solar variability with a maximum around 80 km. This corresponds exactly to the altitude of the maximum in the solar-induced enhancement of OH, the dominant radical in the destruction of mesospheric ozone
Para, Julien. "Etude de la Matière Organique Dissoute Chromophorique et du rayonnement solaire (UV-visible) dans les eaux de surfaces côtières méditerranéennes et articques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22041/document.
Full textTo understand, characterize, and predict the evolution of oceanic biogeochemical cycles in relation to the global climate change, it is necessary to better understand the dynamics of organic matter (OM). In this context, the overall objective of this thesis was to get more insights chromophoric dissolved fraction of OM (CDOM) dynamics in surface Mediterranean and Arctic coastal waters and to determine the impact on attenuation of ultraviolet (UVR) and visible (PAR) underwater radiation. For this, the study of optical properties of absorbance and fluorescence of CDOM, coupled with atmospheric and underwater radiometric measurements, were made during a seasonal cycle in the Bay of Marseille (SOFCOM station), and in the Beaufort Sea during summer 2009. The Bay of Marseilles is characterized by low amounts of CDOM (aCDOM(350) = 0.10 ± 0.02 m-1), particularly in end summer stratification period due to the intensity of the solar irradiance, enriched in UVR-B, which degrades and bleaches CDOM (SCDOM = 0.023 ± 0.003 nm-1). In this highly urbanized coastal area, the dynamics of CDOM are driven by biotic processes (in situ biological production and within the Rhône River plume) and abiotic (photo-bleaching and mixing). Our results showed that CDOM is mostly of autochthonous origin, even during Rhône plume intrusion events (photo-degradation of terrestrial CDOM during the transit). During bloom periods, the CDOM consists mainly of a recent type protein (peak T), which preferentially absorbs in the short UVR. These pulses of recent CDOM are superimposed on a persistent background of CDOM mainly composed of aged material, humic-type (peaks M and C), which absorbs UVR and PAR. Over the Canadian shelf of the Beaufort Sea, CDOM is highly abundant (aCDOMmax (350) = 6.36 m-1) and strongly influenced by allochthonous inputs from the Mackenzie (peaks A-C and M) decreasing conservatively with salinity. In marine waters (salinity> 25), CDOM had lower concentrations (aCDOM(350) = 0.21 ± 0.13 m-1) and originated from a recent in situ biological production favored by upwelling and brine injections (peaks B-T and M). Surprisingly, the main source of the marine humic-like component (peak M) was not autochthonous. This material originates from allochthonous inputs from the Mackenzie River, which traverses numerous lakes where intense biological activity occurs. We suggest that this activity is mainly due to the macrophytes development, which may in part explain the origin of the peak M. This source of organic allochthonous CDOM coupled to other processes such as photobleaching and absorption on the particles of terrestrial CDOM, could explain the high values of SCDOM (≈ 0.020 nm-1) recorded in the Mackenzie during summertime
Plazzotta, Maxime. "Impacts de la gestion du rayonnement solaire sur le système Terre et rôle des boucles de rétroaction liées au cycle du carbone." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/24034/1/Plazzotta_1.pdf.
Full textBouvier, Jean-Louis. "Étude expérimentale d'une installation de micro-cogénération solaire couplant un concentrateur cylindro-parabolique et un moteur à cycle de Hirn." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS031/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the experimental study of the energy performances of a micro combined solar heat and power (micro-CHP) unit. The prototype is composed of a solar parabolic trough collector coupled to a Hirn (superheated Rankine) cycle engine. The originalities of this project are the use of solar energy which is renewable and inexhaustible but intermittent, the direct steam generation with a reduced size parabolic trough collector (46.5 m²), the two axis tracking system and the coupling with an oil-free reciprocating steam engine. The first part of this study is focussed on the solar collector. Thermal performances under sunny and cloudy conditions are presented and the thermal efficiency is evaluated. The system dynamic is also investigated through the characterization of the inertia as well as a study of its response to perturbations. Then a control strategy is set up and validated. The second part deals with the characterization of the engine. Tests have been performed with a stable and variable heat source power. From these tests, an empirical model has been developed and used in a parametrical study. This study shows the significant influence of the pressure ratio and of the rotational speed on the efficiency of the engine. In the last part, global performances (efficiency, output thermal and electrical powers) of the entire micro-CHP unit are evaluated. Tests with controlled pressure and speed are presented. From operating maps established from an empirical model, a control strategy based on the use of a by-pass is set up and tested
Elmtiri, Mohamed. "Modélisation de cycle de vie de bâtiments équipés de composants solaires à eau." Paris 12, 2007. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002532060204611&vid=upec.
Full textVilinga, Jaime Manuel Pombo. "Analyse des variations de l'enveloppe chromosphérique du soleil et son ovalisation." Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448903.
Full textMarin, Andreea. "Optimizarea exergoeconimică a unei centrale solare termice." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100054.
Full textIn the current economic and energy context, implementation of technologies using renewable energy as heat source has two advantages: reducing pollution and fuel costs. There is a need to promote renewable energy sources such as significant sources of power generation for decentralized systems. In the first part, it was made a literature review on existing technologies for the production of electricity with solar energy. One of the objectives of this thesis was to build a Stirling engine gamma type suitable to use solar energy (flat plate collator). The Stirling engine was tested to compare the experimental results with the results of Schmidt model, realized in the software, Matlab. Another thermodynamic cycle was studied in this work, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). A mathematical model was developed and verified in software, Thermoptim and EES (Engineering Equation Solver) with experimental results to study the installation performance function of different operating temperatures. The entire system and each subsystem are analyzed according to the first and the second law of thermodynamics. The exergy method and Pinch analysis are used to evaluate the performance of the system like irreversibility and exergy destruction, phenomenon that occurs in all components of the ORC system. This analysis is to improve the operation
Garcia, Pierre. "Prédiction de liens fonctionnels par détection de coévolution entre familles de gènes : application aux gènes du cycle cellulaire chez les Firmicutes." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1316/document.
Full textThe bacterial cell cycle is a very well studied process but current models don't reflect the complexity and diversity of involved molecular machineries and associated regulation mechanisms. In fact, our knowledge of cell cycle is based on study of a few model organisms. Yet, comparative analyses showed that some described systems and mechanisms are not conserved and not transposable from a taxon to another. Evolutionary approach such as phylogenomic can be used for functional studies of such systems at the bacterial scale. Those approaches allow to determine the key evolutionary events that lead to a such diversity but also to identify potential functional links between proteins. Furthermore, the development of high throughput sequencing methods leads to a big amount of genomic data, particularly for prokaryotes. In this context, I realized a very large scale phylogenomic analysis of proteins involved in cell cycle and its regulation in Firmicutes. My goal was to search some coevolution patterns between protein families reflecting potentially functional links. The application of methods that I developed during my PhD to cell cycle proteins allowed to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this cell process in Firmicutes. Notably, I highlighted some hot-spots corresponding for example to the emergence of Bacilli or Streptococcaceae. The emergence of such taxa has been accompanied by many acquisitions/losses of cell cycle genes but also many genomic rearrangements in gene clusters suggesting that major changes have occurred at the level of the cell cycle and its regulation. I also highlighted some potential functional links between genes involved in different machineries of cell cycle that have never been described. The application of these approaches to the entire proteomes of Firmicutes allowed to identify proteins presenting same evolution patterns than cell cycle proteins suggesting potential functional links that have to be experimentally tested
Philippe, Jonathan. "Prédiction robuste du comportement vibratoire des redresseurs sectorisés désaccordés." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC020/document.
Full textAircraft engine components necessitate extensive dynamical analyses in order to obtain life cycle prediction. In order to lighten the structure, turbomachinery stator bladed disks, called stator vanes, are designed as a set of multiple blades clusters. This architecture implies a loss of cyclic symmetry condition and prevents the use of numerical methods using it. Moreover, geometric dispersions and materials defaults generate an involuntary mistuning involving high modal density areas, in which is observed an amplification of the vibratory response, enhanced by the monobloc character - and hence low damped - of stator vanes. A statistical methodology for predicting the vibratory level of a randomly mistuned industrial stator vanes is developed here. Uncertainties modelization is based on a parametric approach of the probability theory : material random parameters following a uniform distribution are associated with different cluster's parts. A Karhunen-Loeve expansion reduces the stochastic field to a small number of random variables and therefore reduces the computation time. Stochastic modes are then projected on these random spaces through two non-intrusive methods of interpolation. The first is based on a projection on a polynomial chaos basis while the second is non-parametric regression method (MARS method). In order to implement both numerical methods to an industrial model, a double modal synthesis method is applied to divide the calculation time of modes by a factor around 300. The sub-structuring way adopted fits the uncertainties modelization method and is robust towards mistuning. Moreover, both methods yield predictive results in terms of statistical moments while reducing computation time. Finally, the methodology is experimentally validated because the numerical vibratory envelope frames the experimental frequency response at the area of the modes of interest. A positioning strategy of strain gauges is proposed based on a statistical distribution of the maximum displacements in vein halfway over a given frequency range
Mabrouk, Mohamed Tahar. "Production optimale d’énergie pour une communauté à petite échelle : application à l’optimisation d’une centrale solaire hybride produisant électricité et chaleur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0163/document.
Full textThis work deals with the modelling and the optimization of thermodynamic solar power plants intended to supply electricity to isolated locations. Firstly, a state of the art of solar collectors is achieved and a model for parabolic trough collectors is proposed. This model is used for actual collectors identification. It is used also to propose correlations to be introduced in the whole system model. In a second time, a state of the art of energy storage technologies is conducted and an original model of a packed bed storage tank is proposed. This model gives an explicit solution of the temperature inside the tank without using a time step based numerical resolution. Two alternatives for the power block are given: Stirling engines and Organic Rankine Cycles. For Stirling engines, a critical review of existing models is performed. Some losses occurring in Stirling engines are not well documented in the literature as leakage losses at the power piston and displacer gap losses. Therefore, original models are proposed to estimate these losses. When compared to former models in the literature, the new model of the displacer gap losses demonstrates clearly that it is very important to use decoupled models with caution. Concerning the ORC, an optimization-oriented model is proposed. Finally, a mono and multi-objective optimization of a solar power plant is performed. The optimized system is composed of a solar field, a packed bed heat storage, a power block and an auxiliary fired heater. Objective functions used in this study are: the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), the energetic efficiency of the power plant and CO2 emission per kilowatt hour of electricity
Daudois, Ludovic. "Prédiction des cycles limites d'oscillations pour une structure tridimensionnelle soumise à un écoulement fluide en présence d'une non linéarité structurale." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECAP0953.
Full textTouré, Abdou. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d'un moteur Ericsson à cycle de Joule pour conversion thermodynamique de l'énergie solaire ou pour micro-cogénération." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00546852.
Full textDiallo, Mouhamet. "Estimation et prédiction de l’ensoleillement en zone intertropicale Improving the Heliosat-2 Method for Surface Solar Irradiation Estimation Under Cloudy Sky Areas Assessing GFS and IFS global weather preduction and numerical model forecast accuracy in the intertropical zone and for tropical climates Calibration of WRF irradiance in French Guiana and comparison with AROME forecasts." Thesis, Guyane, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018YANE0009.
Full textFrench Guiana is a French territory located in the inter-tropical zone (ITZ). The ITZ is an area with highly variable dynamic in which we encounter significant amounts of convective clouds. Consequently the solar energy available at the ground is highly variable. This variability causes economical and technical challenges to fully exploit this resource. This thesis dissertation aims to answer the following scientific issue: How could the solar irradiance be assessed and forecast accurately in the ITZ to increase the penetration rate of this intermittent renewable energy into the electricity grid? To answer this scientific issue, we use two tools: Heliosat-II (H-II) and Weather and research forecast (WRF). We used these tools in order to produce improved GHI estimates in the inter-tropical zone. The first chapter introduces the thesis and the research issue. The second chapter presents a modification to H-II; with this modification H-II can account for cloud absorption. The GHI estimates from modified H-II provide therefore tools for decision making in the ITZ. These tools allow one identifying the most suitable locations to install solar facilities in the ITZ with respect to both solar potential and surrounding facilities that favor grid stability. In the third chapter we study first the accuracy in the ITZ of the GHI forecasts from integrated forecast system (IFS) and global forecast system (GFS) numerical weather prediction model (NWP). We validate the accuracy of these downloaded products by comparison with ground measurements from three countries located in the ITZ that have tropical climate. This study aims to fill the gap with regard to the accuracy of global NWP model in the ITZ. Second we propose a methodology to calibrate WRF to produce improved GHI forecasts in the ITZ. The goal is to restrain and select the minimum number of simulations to run, to obtain improved GHI forecasts compared to a non-calibrated model. This methodology to calibrate WRF is validated in French Guiana by comparison with the GHI forecasts of AROME NWP model and ground measurements. The fourth chapter deals with the use of an hybrid 3D variational (3D-Var) ensemble transform Kalman filter (ENTKF) to further improve the GHI forecasts of calibrated WRF in the ITZ. This methodology originally used in the tracking of extreme convection events such as cyclones is applied for the first time for GHI forecasts. This methodology applied to the ITZ therefore allows obtaining improved GHI forecasts which makes easier monitoring the electricity production from solar facilities
Dugué, Vincent. "Etude du potentiel des simulations aux grandes échelles pour la prédiction des variations cycliques dans les moteurs automobiles." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECAP1039.
Full textSmirès, Najib. "Contribution des mesures lidar à l'études des variations à long terme de l'état thermique de l'atmosphère moyenne." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066434.
Full textFula, Rojas Manuel Alejandro. "Modélisation thermique, thermodynamique et expérimentation d'un moteur ericsson a air chaud a cycle de joule." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3055/document.
Full textWith exhaustion of natural resources, in particular the fossil energy sources, renewable energies are again regarded as a real alternative for the needed energy transition of the industrialized countries. The "hot air engines" like the Stirling engine and his “cousin” the Ericsson engine, can use multiple thermal sources - renewable or not -. The Ericsson engine is thus particularly well adapted for solar or biomass energy conversion in electricity or for microcogeneration purposes. This thesis is a continuation of the theoretical and experimental work on the Ericsson engine realized in the LaTEP of theUniversity of Pau (France). In this work, we are mainly interested in the - in-cylinder - heat transfer between the working gas and the walls of the compression and expansion cylinders of the Ericsson engine. A first original model made possible to determine under which conditions these heat transfers can improve the performances of the energy system considered. A second model, “intracycle”, allowed to evaluate the instantaneous heat transfers in the cylinders starting from the correlations usually used in the internal combustion engines, reciprocating compressors and pneumatic springs. The Ericsson prototype was then equipped with various pressure and temperature gauges, the latter consisting of K-type microthermocouples of 25 and 12,5μm wires. The results of instantaneous temperature measurements in the compression cylinder are presented, commented and compared with the results obtained by the “intracycle” model
Masclet, Arnaud. "Contribution à l'élaboration de modèles de référence des ceintures de radiation de la Terre." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ESAE0022.
Full textAbdoulwahab, Mohamed Toihir. "Étude de la variabilité et la tendance de l'ozone stratosphérique au-dessus des tropiques et subtropiques sud." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0012/document.
Full textOzone plays an important role on photochemical equilibrium of atmosphere and participate on radiative balance process between hemispheres (Mecke, 1931). In the troposphere, ozone determines the oxidizing capacity of major species and absorbs continuously in the stratosphere the harmful ultraviolet radiation (McMichael et al, 2003). Based on the above facts, it is important to monitor ozone continuously with consistency and accuracy. Global total column ozone (TCO) has depleted gradually since 1980 with an increase of chlorofluorocarbon concentrations in the stratosphere due to anthropogenic activities. In 1987, the Montreal protocol was formulated in order to regulate the emissions of substances that deplete ozone. Concentrations of these substances are observed to decrease ten years after the Montreal protocol. Thus we have been expecting an increase in ozone by now (UNEP/PNUE, 2009; WMO, 2010 and 2014). The current needs are to achieve consistent and reliable measurements in which their exploitation on adapted methods/models can help scientists to follow the ozone evolution and to estimate long term ozone trend. In this work, a variety of ozone products from different instruments was combined in order to create reliable and homogenous dataset to study the ozone variability and trend over the southern tropics and subtropics. The dataset application on wavelets method allowed to identify the dynamic parameters that control ozone variability and their periodicities. These include seasonal variations of climate, the quasi-biennial oscillations, the El-Niño Southern Oscillation and the 11-years solar cycle. The behavior of each parameter and its influence on ozone variability were analysed based on statistical method and the Trend-Run model. The contribution and response of each variable on ozone variability were quantified from the model. The obtained trends results exhibit an increase of total ozone from 1998 to 2012 with a rate varying between 0 and 2.78% par decade (depending of the site and region). The ozone increase was observed mainly above 22 km and it is more important over the subtropical region with respect to equatorial zone
Poggi, Philippe. "INTEGRATION DES SYSTEMES ENERGETIQUES A SOURCES RENOUVELABLES DANS LES RESEAUX ELECTRIQUES INSULAIRES." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pascal Paoli, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604868.
Full textLeveque, Gael. "Production de combustibles solaires synthétiques par cycles thermochimiques de dissociation de l'eau et du CO2." Thesis, Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1211.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on the study of the CO2 and H2O reduction into CO and H2 using thermochemical cycles. These cycles use metal redox pairs for stepwise reduction at lower temperature. The first step consists of the endothermic high temperature reduction of the metal oxide (>1200°C) using concentrated solar energy. The second step, operated at a lower temperature (<1200°C), uses the reduced specie to reduce CO2 or H2O, yielding CO or H2 and regenerating the metal oxide. The CO and H2 mixture (syngas), produced using solar energy, can then be converted into liquid fuel using a conventional Fischer-Tropsch catalytic process. The study considers more specifically the volatile oxide cycles, ZnO/Zn and SnO2/SnO, for which the reduced specie is obtained in gaseous phase at the reaction temperature, and is then condensed as nanoparticles. First, means and methods for studying the kinetics of reduction reactions at high temperatures were developed, namely an inverse method based on the online analysis of O2 production in a solar reactor and a solar-driven thermogravimeter. In addition, the study of reduced pressure operation and the use of a carbonaceous reducer were considered as efficient means to decrease the operating temperature and to promote a fast reaction. The impact of reduced pressure was quantified for SnO2 and ZnO reduction. A study of the evolution of the morphology and chemistry of the SnO powder during the second oxidation step was then conducted, emphasizing the importance of SnO disproportionation on the powder reactivity
Stella, Giulio Rocco. "Light stress and photoprotection in green algae, mosses and diatoms." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066430/document.
Full textThe molecular bases of responses to light excess in photosynthetic organisms having different evolutionary histories and belonging to different lineages are still not completely characterized. Therefore I explored the functions of photoprotective antennae in green algae, mosses and diatoms, together with the role of the two xanthophyll cycles present in diatoms.I studied the Light Harvesting Complex Stress-Related (LHCSR) proteins in different organisms. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, LHCSR3 is a protein important for photoprotection. I used site-specific mutagenesis in vivo and in vitro and identified three residues of LHCSR3 that are responsible for its activation.With the moss Physcomitrella patens I studied the in vitro spectroscopic and quenching characteristics of different pigment-binding mutants of the protein LHCSR1, focusing in particular on chlorophylls A2 and A5.LHCSRs in diatoms are named LHCXs, and in Phaeodactylum tricornutum I found that multiple abiotic stress signals converge to regulate the LHCX content of cells, providing a way to fine-tune light harvesting and photoprotection.The other main driver of photoprotection in diatoms is the xanthophyll cycle. Here I found that the accumulation of viola- and zeaxanthin in P. tricornutum have a negative effect in the development of NPQ, showing that zeaxanthin does not participate in the enhancing of NPQ in diatoms.Thanks to these studies done on different organisms, we gained a deeper knowledge on the shared characteristics and on the peculiar features about photoprotection in green algae, mosses and diatoms
Espargilliere, Harold. "Système de refroidissement sec et de production d'eau pour centrale électrosolaire thermodynamique à cycle de Rankine." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0004.
Full textIndustrial concentrated solar power plants consume 4 m3/MWh of water to cool down their thermodynamic cycle. In arid area, it could induce conflicts of use on a more fundamental resource than electricity. This fact highlights the need to develop alternatives dry cooling technologies but equally effective. The solar field represents 50% of the investment cost of a CSP plant to be used only daily for the heat production needed for the thermodynamic cycle. The approach of the project is to use this huge area as macro-heat exchanger with its surrounding environment through a coupled heat transfer with the ambient air (convective) and with outer space at 3K (radiative). After validating the compatibility of solar field materials for a such application, these research works has shown experimentally that in addition to extract the waste heat of the thermodynamic cycle, it could also produce cold by night radiative cooling. An innovative alternative solution for cooling CSP plants offering two new features to their already existing solar field for the benefit of its paying off
Kirgis, Guillaume. "Évaluation du transport isentropique à travers la barrière dynamique stratosphérique subtropicale de l'hémisphère sud." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326264.
Full textMarconnet, Bertrand. "Contexte augmenté basé sur les prédictions pour une réutilisation efficace des connaissances métier en conception : application à la conception proactive pour l'assemblage." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCA018/document.
Full textWorks on the design context augmentation in product design, makes it possible to make awareness designers on their choice in the design for assembly. The presented approach will conclude on the method to develop a informatic system, based on case studies of mechanical design. The purpose of the project is to capture the design intent, in order to provide useful assistance to stakeholders, such as design support, decision making, verification/validation, and data structuring
Piquard-Kipffer, Agnès. "Prédiction de la réussite ou de l'échec spécifiques en lecture au cycle 2 : suivi d'une population "à risque" et d'une population contrôle de la moyenne section de maternelle à la deuxième année de scolarisation primaire." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070057.
Full textThe goal of this study was to design which set of skills among verbal and non verbal tasks would predict the ability of reading in French. We examined the hypothesis that predictors of reading involve specifically phonological processes of language. Children were tested in kindergarten and followed through the end of grade 2, separated in a group "at risk" and a control group. The results showed that 2 skills accounted for 43,5% of the variance in the level of reading : phoneme discrimination and naming speed. The reading of individual outcomes was predicted correctly for 83,5% of the children
Börner, Reina. "Modélisation d'échangeur de chaleur : analyse théorique et expérimentale du comportement en régime transitoire : particularisation aux capteurs solaires et optimisation des systèmes moteurs associés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL011N.
Full textLi, Qi. "Intermittency of Global Solar Radiation over Reunion island : Daily Mapping Prediction Model and Multifractal Parameters." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0016/document.
Full textDue to the heterogeneous and rapidly-changing cloudiness, tropical islands, such as Reunion Island in the South-west Indian Ocean (SWIO), have significant solar resource that is highly variable from day-to-day. In this study, we propose a new approach for deterministic prediction of daily surface solar radiation (SSR) maps based on four linear regression models: multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and stepwise regression (SR), that we have applied on the SARAH-E@5km satellite data (CM SAF) for the period during 2007-2016. To improve the accuracy of prediction, the multifractal parameters (H,C_1 and α) are proposed to include as new predictors in the predictive model. These parameters are obtained from the analysis of SSR intermittency based on arbitrary order Hilbert spectral analysis. This analysis is the extension of Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) and it is used to estimate the generalized scaling exponent ξ(q). It is the combination of the Empirical Mode Decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis (EMD+HSA). In a first step, the multifractal analysis is applied onto one-second SSR measurements form a SPN1 pyranometer in Moufia in 2016. The mean sub-daily, daily and seasonal daily multifractal patterns are derived, and the scaling exponent ξ(q) is analyzed. In a second step, the intermittency study is conducted on one-minute SSR measurements from a SPN1 network with 11 stations in 2014. The spatial patterns for all the stations with the multifractal parameters H,C_1 and α are shown. The variability of singularity spectrum width is considered to study the spatial intermittency at the daily and seasonal scale. Based on this intermittency analysis from measurements at several stations, the universal multifractal parameters (H,C_1 and α) could be taken as new predictors for indicating the multifractal properties of SSR
Pham, Thi Thu Hong. "Analyse et interprétation de la variation régulière du champ magnétique terrestre au Vietnam et modélisation de l'ionosphère." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834192.
Full textNahhas, Tamar. "Materials and thermal storage systems by sensible heat for thermodynamic electro-solar plants." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0027.
Full textCompare to fossil fuel energy resources, solar energy is known for its intermittent nature. This observation highlights the need for the use of a thermal energy storage system. The thermocline storage system is considered as a cost-effective storage system. This thesis aims to study the potential of basalt and silex rocks as candidate storage materials for concentrated solar power plants. Experimental studies of the thermo-physical and thermo-mechanical properties of these rocks at temperatures up to 1000°C show that these rocks offer good thermal properties compared with conventional storage materials. The analysis of the thermocline storage system of air rock-packed bed is carried out using a numerical approach. This research also aims to assess the environmental impact of this type of storage system by conducting a comparative analysis of its life cycle. Finally, a complementary study carried out with the aim of producing a relevance index map made it possible to identify the most suitable areas for the construction of solar power plants in Egypt. The originality of this alternative approach for thermal energy storage is that it combines the performance and availability of storage materials while reducing their environmental and financial impacts
Humbert, Franck. "Solubilité de l'azote dans les silicates liquides influence de la fugacité d'oxygène et de la composition." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10250.
Full textAoun, Bernard. "Micro-cogénération pour les bâtiments résidentiels fonctionnant avec des énergies renouvelables." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005092.
Full textGhirardi, Julie. "Impact de la tansition climatique Eocène - Oligocène sur les écosystèmes continentaux : Etude du bassin de Rennes." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2093/document.
Full textThe study of past climate changes on the terrestrial realm provides clues to understand the mechanisms,chronology, and timing of ecosystems response to climate disturbances. The Eocene-Oligocene Transition(EOT) of the Eocene-Oligocene boundary (EOb) is well suited for this type of study because it records the last climatic transition between the greenhouse and icehouse modes via a misunderstood interval: thedoubthouse period. This climatic transition was studied through the analysis of organic-rich lacustrine sediments. After an astro-calibrated age model was set up, we reconstructed the evolution of vegetation by using molecular biomarkers specific of plant groups and of local climate (temperature and hydrological conditions) by using molecular and isotopic proxies. The climate record exhibits a marked cooling and drying at the EOT. The evolution of vegetation did not show any abrupt change but exhibited pronounced and rhythmic changes in phase with excentricity during an interval that started 1750 ka before the EOb and lasted until 300 ka after. This interval named Environmental Transition Interval (ETI) was warmer and wetter, and coincides with the doubthouse period. The start of the ETI is concomitant with changes in the recording of orbital parameters. The good expression of solar cycles in the sediments from that period attests to the setting or strengthening of ocean-atmosphere couplings linked to the establishment of the Antarctic icesheet. This work partly solves the uncertainties that prevailed on the doubthouse period
Medjiah, Samir. "Optimisation des protocoles de routage dans les réseaux multi-sauts sans fil à contraintes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14663/document.
Full textGreat research efforts have been carried out in the field of challenged multihop wireless networks (MWNs). Thanks to the evolution of the Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology and nanotechnologies, multihop wireless networks have been the solution of choice for a plethora of problems. The main advantage of these networks is their low manufacturing cost that permits one-time application lifecycle. However, if nodes are low-costly to produce, they are also less capable in terms of radio range, bandwidth, processing power, memory, energy, etc. Thus, applications need to be carefully designed and especially the routing task because radio communication is the most energy-consuming functionality and energy is the main issue for challenged multihop wireless networks.The aim of this thesis is to analyse the different challenges that govern the design of challenged multihop wireless networks such as applications challenges in terms of quality of service (QoS), fault-tolerance, data delivery model, etc., but also networking challenges in terms of dynamic network topology, topology voids, etc. Our contributions in this thesis focus on the optimization of routing under different application requirements and network constraints. First, we propose an online multipath routing protocol for QoS-based applications using wireless multimedia sensor networks. The proposed protocol relies on the construction of multiple paths while transmitting data packets to their destination, i.e. without prior topology discovery and path establishment. This protocol achieves parallel transmissions and enhances the end-to-end transmission by maximizing path bandwidth and minimizing the delays, and thus meets the requirements of QoS-based applications. Second, we tackle the problem of routing in mobile delay-tolerant networks by studying the intermittent connectivity of nodes and deriving a contact model in order to forecast future nodes' contacts. Based upon this contact model, we propose a routing protocol that makes use of nodes' locations, nodes' trajectories, and inter-node contact prediction in order to perform forwarding decisions. The proposed routing protocol achieves low end-to-end delays while using efficiently constrained nodes' resources in terms of memory (packet queue occupancy) and processing power (forecasting algorithm). Finally, we present a topology control mechanism along a packet forwarding algorithm for event-driven applications using stationary wireless sensor networks. Topology control is achieved by using a distributed duty-cycle scheduling algorithm. Algorithm parameters can be tuned according to the desired node's awake neighbourhood size. The proposed topology control mechanism ensures trade-off between event-reporting delay and energy consumption