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Academic literature on the topic 'Prédiction génomique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Prédiction génomique"
Oden, Élise. "La génomique équine : tour d’horizon des outils disponibles pour les applications actuelles et à venir." Le Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire équine 17, no. 59 (2023): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/npvequi/2024005.
Full textRicard, Anne. "Les marqueurs génétiques pour les aptitudes." Le Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire équine 17, no. 59 (2023): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/npvequi/2024010.
Full textBROCHARD, M., K. DUHEM, T. GESLAIN, P. L. GASTINEL, and J. L. PEYRAUD. "Phénotypage et génotypage de la composition fine du lait : les filières laitières et la recherche française investissent pour l’avenir." INRAE Productions Animales 27, no. 4 (October 21, 2014): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2014.27.4.3075.
Full textBOICHARD, D., C. GROHS, P. MICHOT, C. DANCHIN-BURGE, A. CAPITAN, L. GENESTOUT, S. BARBIER, and S. FRITZ. "Prise en compte des anomalies génétiques en sélection : le cas des bovins." INRA Productions Animales 29, no. 5 (January 9, 2020): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2016.29.5.3003.
Full textCoulet, Florence, and Corinne Frère. "Apport de la génomique des tumeurs dans la prédiction du risque de maladie thromboembolique veineuse chez les patients atteints de cancer : données émergentes et perspectives." JMV-Journal de Médecine Vasculaire 47 (March 2022): S11—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmv.2022.01.100.
Full textPEYRAUD, J. L., and F. PHOCAS. "Dossier " Phénotypage des animaux d'élevage "." INRAE Productions Animales 27, no. 3 (August 25, 2014): 179–1890. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2014.27.3.3065.
Full textLE BIHAN-DUVAL, E., R. TALON, M. BROCHARD, J. GAUTRON, F. LEFÈVRE, C. LARZUL, E. BAÉZA, and J. F. HOCQUETTE. "Le phénotypage de la qualité des produits animaux : enjeux et innovations." INRAE Productions Animales 27, no. 3 (August 28, 2014): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2014.27.3.3069.
Full textGanne-Carrié, Nathalie. "Identification d’un profil d’expression génomique prédictif de récidive intra-hépatique post-opératoire précoce du carcinome hépatocellulaire." Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 28, no. 1 (January 2004): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-8320(04)94862-2.
Full textDekeuwer, C. "« Faire l’autruche ou l’idiot rationnel ? De l’attitude la plus sage à adopter face aux prédictions proposées par la médecine génomique »." Éthique & Santé 15, no. 4 (December 2018): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2018.07.003.
Full textPHOCAS, F. "L’optimisation des programmes de sélection." INRAE Productions Animales 24, no. 4 (September 8, 2011): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.4.3266.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Prédiction génomique"
Iragne, Florian. "Prédiction de réseaux d'interactions biomoléculaires à partir de données de la génomique comparée." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409871.
Full textHereil, Alexandre. "Génétique d'association et prédiction génomique de la tolérance au stress abiotique chez la tomate." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024AVIG0374.
Full textAbiotic stresses, such as excessive salinity or nutrient deficiency, which often result in substantial yield losses, constitute significant challenges to global agriculture. These stresses are particularly detrimental in regions facing poverty, food insecurity and water scarcity. Improving the resilience of crops of high economic and nutritional value such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to abiotic stresses could offer significant benefits, both economically and in terms of public health. The aim of this thesis is to identify the genetic components of abiotic stress tolerance in tomato and to explore the potential of genomic prediction to improve these traits. In the first chapter, we looked at the genetic architecture of nitrogen deficiency tolerance. We used a comprehensive methodology that integrates QTL mapping with multiparental population, genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a diversity panel, and RNA-seq to identify candidate genes related to nitrogen metabolism. The next two chapters are devoted to the study of salt stress tolerance. We first studied several traits associated with sodium accumulation in various plant organs and developmental stages in a GWAS panel, which enabled us to identify QTLs and a key candidate gene involved in sodium transport within the plant. In addition, we have also studied the impact of salt stress on the root metabolome, characterising metabolites differentially regulated by salt stress and identifying biomarkers of salinity tolerance. QTLs and candidate genes linked to these target metabolites have been identified. In the following two chapters, we engaged GWAS and genomic prediction in multi-environmental analyses using a diversity panel grown under a range of environmental conditions. We have identified interaction QTLs - whose allelic effects vary according to environmental conditions - and compared different GWAS methodologies. Then we have evaluated the effectiveness of various genomic prediction models for improving tolerance to abiotic stress. Our results revealed several candidate genes that require further experimental validation to elucidate their functional roles and potential applicability in breeding programmes. Preliminary results from genomic prediction models highlight the interest of using these approaches to predict tolerance to abiotic stresses, although further validation in breeding populations is required
Colombani, Carine. "Modèles de prédiction pour l'évaluation génomique des bovins laitiers français : application aux races Holstein et Montbéliarde." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0078/document.
Full textThe rapid evolution in sequencing and genotyping raises new challenges in the development of methods of selection for livestock. By sequence comparison, it is now possible to identify polymorphic regions in each species to mark the genome with molecular markers called SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism). Methods of selection of animals from genomic information require the representation of the molecular genetic effects. Meuwissen et al. (2001) introduced the concept of genomic selection by predicting simultaneously all the effects of the markers. Then a genomic index is built summing the effects of each region. The challenge in genomic evaluation is to find the best prediction method to obtain accurate genetic values of candidates. The overall objective of this thesis is to explore and evaluate new genomic approaches to predict tens of thousands of genetic effects, based on the phenotypes of hundreds of individuals. It is part of the ANR project AMASGEN whose aim is to extend the marker-assisted selection, used in French dairy cattle, and to develop an accurate method of prediction. A panel of methods is explored by estimating their predictive abilities. The PLS (Partial Least Squares) and sparse PLS regressions and Bayesian approaches (Bayesian LASSO and BayesCπ) are compared with two current methods in genetic improvement: the BLUP based on pedigree information and the genomic BLUP based on SNP markers. These methodologies are effective even when the number of observations is smaller than the number of variables. They are based on the theory of Gaussian linear mixed models or methods of variable selection, summarizing the massive information of SNP by new variables. The datasets come from two French dairy cattle breeds (1172 Montbéliarde bulls and 3940 Holstein bulls) genotyped with 40 000 polymorphic SNPs. All genomic methods give more accurate estimates than the method based on pedigree information only. There is a slight predictive advantage of Bayesian methods on some traits but they are still too demanding in computation time to be applied routinely in a genomic selection scheme. The advantage of variable selection methods is to cope with the increasing number of SNP data. In addition, they are able to extract reduced sets of markers based of their estimated effects, that is to say, with a significant impact on the trait studied. It would be possible to develop a method to predict genomic values on the basis of QTL detected by these approaches
Carillier-Jacquin, Céline. "Etude de la prédiction génomique chez les caprins : faisabilité et limites de la sélection génomique dans le cadre d'une population multiraciale et à faible effectif." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0086/document.
Full textGenomic selection which is revolutionizing genetic selection in dairy cattle has been tested in several species like dairy goat. Key point in genomic selection is accuracy of genomic evaluation. In French dairy goats, gain in accuracy using genomic selection was questioning due to the small size of the reference population (825 males and 1 945 females genotyped). The aim of this study was to investigate how to reach adequate genomic evaluation accuracy in French dairy goat population. The study of reference population structure (Alpine and Saanen breeds) showed that reference population is similar to the whole population of French dairy goats. But the weak level of linkage disequilibrium (0.17 between two consecutive SNP), inbreeding and relationship between reference and candidate population were not ideal to maximize genomic evaluation accuracy. Despite their common origin, genetic structure of Alpine and Saanen breeds suggested that they were genetically distant. Two steps genomic evaluation (GBLUP, Bayesian) based on performances corrected for fixed effect (DYD, deregressed EBV) did not improve genetic evaluation accuracy compared to classical evaluations for milk production traits, udder type traits and somatic cells score classically selected in French dairy goat. Taking into account phenotypes of ungenotyped sires increased genomic evaluation from 3 to 47% depending on the trait considered. Adding female genotypes also improved genomic evaluation accuracies from 2 to 4% depending on the method (two steps or single step) and on the trait. When using gemomic evaluation directly based on female performances (single step), accuracy of genomic evaluation reach the level obtained from ascendance in classic evaluation which was not the case using two steps evaluations. Genomic evaluation accuracies were similar when using multiple-trait model, multi-breed or single breed evaluation. But accuracies derived from prediction error variances were better when using multi-breed genomic evaluations. Genomic selection is feasible in French dairy goats using single step multi-breed genomic evaluations. Accuracies could be slightly improved integrating major gene as αs1 casein especially when using « gene content » approach to predict genotypes of ungenotyped animals
Fu, Yu. "Analyse intégrative de données génomiques et pharmacologiques pour une meilleure prédiction de la réponse aux médicaments anti-cancer." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS560.
Full textIntegrated analysis of genomic and pharmacological data to better predict the response to targeted therapiesThe use of targeted therapies in the context of cancer personalized medicine has shown great improvement of patients’ treatment in different cancer types. However, while the therapeutic decision is based on a single molecular alteration (for example a mutation or a gene copy number change), tumors will show different degrees of response. In this thesis, we demonstrate that a therapeutic decision based on a unique alteration is not optimal and we propose a mathematical model integrating genomic and pharmacological data to identify new single predictive biomarkers as well as combinations of biomarkers of therapy response. The model was trained using two public large-scale cell line data sets (the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer, GDSC and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, CCLE) and validated with cell line and clinical data. Additionally, we also developed a new method for improving the detection of somatic mutations using whole exome sequencing data and propose a new tool, cmDetect, freely available to the scientific community
Enault, François. "Contribution à la prédiction de la fonction des gènes par l'analyse de leur contexte génomique et de leur co-évolution." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX22035.
Full textValéry, Christine. "Recherche de nouvelles protéines potentiellement marqueurs du mélanome et importance d'une approche de génomique fonctionnelle pour une stratégie de prédiction du risque." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2002AIX20665.pdf.
Full textCoutant, Charles. "Optimisation de la prise en charge des cancers du sein : développement de prédicteurs clinicopathologiques et génomiques." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066582.
Full textSeye, Adama Innocent. "Prédiction assistée par marqueurs de la performance hybride dans un schéma de sélection réciproque : simulations et évaluation expérimentale pour le maïs ensilage." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS078.
Full textMaize (Zea mays L.) is the most cultivated crop in the world. To exploit the strong heterosis for traits related to biomass, the genetic diversity of maize is structured into heterotic groups and cultivated varieties are mainly F1 hybrids obtained by crossing lines from complementary groups. The hybrid value can be decomposed as the sum of the General Combining Ability (GCA) of each parental line and the Specific Combining Ability (ASC) of the cross. In northern Europe, maize is often used as silage for animal feed and the breeding objective is to improve productivity while ensuring a good energetic value and digestibility of the silage. The objectives of this thesis were: (i) to estimate the importance of GCA and SCA in hybrid genetic variance for silage quality traits, (ii) to identify loci (QTL) involved in these traits and to study their colocalization with QTL for productivity traits, (iii) to evaluate the interest of genomic selection for the prediction of hybrid performances and (iv) to compare the prediction accuracies of two calibration designs either based on a factorial or on the conventional use of testers from the complementary group. As part of the SAM-MCR project, 6 biparental connected families were created in the "flint" and "dent" groups from 4 founder lines. In a first phase, 822 flint and 802 dent lines were genotyped for 20k SNPs and crossed according to an incomplete factorial to produce 951 hybrids which were phenotyped for quality traits and for productivity traits (studied by H. Giraud during her phD). Quality trait analysis showed a predominance of GCA over SCA and a negative correlation between digestibility traits and silage yield. Several multi-allelic QTLs were detected, most of them being specific to one group. Several colocalizations were found with yield QTL. Using cross-validation, we observed that the predictive ability of models based on detected QTLs was lower than that obtained by genomic predictions. Considering the SCA did not improve model predictive abilities for most of the traits. In a second phase, 90 lines were chosen per group: 30 were selected based on their genomic predictions for productivity and the energetic value and 60 were randomly sampled from the 6 families. These lines were crossed according to an incomplete factorial to produce 360 new hybrids: 120 from selected lines and 240 from randomly chosen lines. The 90 lines of each group were also crossed to two lines of the complementary group (testers). Hybrids from the selected lines were more productive but had a lower silage quality. We confirmed the good accuracy of the genomic predictions obtained in the initial factorial on the new hybrids evaluated in other environments and after selection. We also observed good correlations between GCA estimated in the factorial and in the testcross design. Different factorial and testcross designs were simulated by varying the proportion of dominance/SCA, the number of hybrids and the contribution of each line to the calibration set. Considering the same number of hybrids in the calibration set, the factorial was more efficient in terms of predictive ability and cumulative genetic gain (up to + 50%) than the testcross design for traits showing SCA and was similar for purely additive traits. The results of this thesis open new perspectives to revisit hybrid breeding schemes by replacing the evaluation of candidate lines, classically made on testcross, by the direct evaluation of hybrids resulting from an incomplete factorial. The implementation of such designs will require reorganizing the logistics of selection programs
Tran, Van Hung. "New genetic longitudinal models for feed efficiency." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0094.
Full textAlthough non-genetic and genetic approaches heavily improved feed efficiency in the last decades, feed cost still contributes to a large proportion of pork production costs. In addition, thelimited effi-ciency of feed use not only increases the environmental impact due to the waste of feed. Over the last decades, advances in high-throughput technologies for animal management,including automat-ic self-feeders, created a proliferation of repeated data or longitudinal data. The objective of this thesis was to develop new genetic models to better quantify the genetic potentialof animals for feed efficiency using longitudinal data on body weight (BW), feed intake and body composition of the animals. Data from 2435 growing Large White pigs from a divergent selectionexperiment for resid-ual feed intake (RFI) were used. In this population, males were weighted every week whereas fe-males and castrated males were weighted every month at the beginning of the test (10 weeks of age) and more often towards the end of the test (23 weeks of age). In a first step, different approaches investigated how to predict missing weekly BW for intermediate stages. For the tested period, a quasi linear interpolation based on the adjacent weeks is the best approach to deal with missing BW in our dataset. In a second step, different longitudinal models, such as random regression (RR) mod-els, structured antedependence models (SAD) and character process models, in which the covari-ances between weeks are accounted for, were compared. The comparison focused on best-fit to the data criteria (Loglikelihood, Bayesian Information Criterion), on variance components estimations (heritability estimates, genetic variances and genetic correlations between weeks) and on predictive ability (Vonesh concordance coefficients). The results showed that SAD is the most parsimonious model for feed conversion ratio (FCR) and for RFI, two measures of feed efficiency. The SAD model also provided similarpredictive abilities as the other models. A selection criterion combining the weekly breeding values was proposed for practical applications to selection. In addition, we evaluated the potential of genomic information to improve the accuracy of breeding value predictions for aver-age daily gain and residual feed intake, applying single step genomic approaches to the RR and SAD models. In our dataset, prediction accuracies was low for both traits, and was not much improved by genomic information. Finally, we showed that divergent selection for RFI had a major impact on the FCR and RFI profile trajectories in each line. In conclusion, this thesis showed that selection for trajectories of feed efficiency is feasible with the current available information. Further work is needed to better evaluate the potential of genomic information with these models, and to validate strategies to select for these trajectories in practice