Relevant bibliographies by topics / Predictive thermodynamic modeling

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Predictive thermodynamic modeling'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Predictive thermodynamic modeling"

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Mirmehrabi, Mahmoud, Sohrab Rohani, and Luisa Perry. "Thermodynamic modeling of activity coefficient and prediction of solubility: Part 1 predictive models." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 95, no. 4 (2006): 790–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.20560.

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Ziefuss, Matthias, Nader Karimi, Florian Ries, Amsini Sadiki, and Amirfarhang Mehdizadeh. "Entropy Generation Assessment for Wall-Bounded Turbulent Shear Flows Based on Reynolds Analogy Assumptions." Entropy 21, no. 12 (2019): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21121157.

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Heat transfer modeling plays a major role in design and optimization of modern and efficient thermal-fluid systems. Further, turbulent flows are thermodynamic processes, and thus, the second law of thermodynamics can be used for critical evaluations of such heat transfer models. However, currently available heat transfer models suffer from a fundamental shortcoming: their development is based on the general notion that accurate prediction of the flow field will guarantee an appropriate prediction of the thermal field, known as the . In this work, an assessment of the capability of the in predi
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Ahmadinejad, Neda, Fatemeh Shafiei, and Tahereh Momeni Isfahani. "Quantitative Structure- Property Relationship (QSPR) Investigation of Camptothecin Drugs Derivatives." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 21, no. 7 (2018): 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207321666180927102836.

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Aim and Objective: Quantitative Structure- Property Relationship (QSPR) has been widely developed to derive a correlation between chemical structures of molecules to their known properties. In this study, QSPR models have been developed for modeling and predicting thermodynamic properties of 76 camptothecin derivatives using molecular descriptors. Materials and Methods: Thermodynamic properties of camptothecin such as the thermal energy, entropy and heat capacity were calculated at Hartree–Fock level of theory and 3-21G basis sets by Gaussian 09. Results: The appropriate descriptors for the st
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Salimi, Morteza, Bahman Zarenezhad, Hossein Fakhraian, and Ebrahim Choobdari. "Thermodynamic Modeling of Chiral Compounds Solubility Using Correlative and Predictive Models." Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling 4, no. 3 (2015): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2015.04.03.2.

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Ahmadvand, Seyedsaied, Mohammadreza Elahifard, Bijan Peik, Reza Behjatmanesh-Ardakani, Behrooz Abbasi, and Bahman Abbasi. "Predictive Modeling of Corrosion in Al/Mg Dissimilar Joint." ChemEngineering 3, no. 3 (2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3030070.

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In the absence of any abnormality (standard conditions), the gradient of any mechanical/thermodynamic stress would be intensified at the dissimilar joint due to an abrupt change in the chemical composition. This paper aims to investigate the effect of delocalizing this stress by imposing an optimum chemical gradient within the dissimilar joint. In this work, we computationally demonstrated that a homogenous distribution of magnesium atoms in the aluminum (100) structure with a specific chemical gradient could potentially reduce the susceptibility of the Mg/Al dissimilar joint towards micro-gal
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Bogdanic, Grozdana. "Group contribution methods for estimating the properties of polymer systems." Chemical Industry 60, no. 11-12 (2006): 287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0612289b.

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Polymer materials are nowadays used in a wide range of technological applications. Reliable knowledge of the thermo physical properties of pure polymers and their mixtures in the whole composition and a wide temperature and pressure range determines whether a given polymer is suitable for a specific application. On the other hand, accurate knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of the systems is a vital prerequisite for computer-aided syntheses, design, and the optimization of industrial polymer processes. However, the experimental data on polymer solubility are often scarce, and at this po
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Chayjan, R. A., and M. Esna-Ashari. "Modeling of heat and entropy sorption of maize (cv. Sc704): neural network method." Research in Agricultural Engineering 56, No. 2 (2010): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/37/2009-rae.

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Equilibrium moisture content of maize affects its values of dehydration heat and entropy. Precise prediction of heat and entropy with regard to its equilibrium moisture content is a simple and fast method for proper estimation of energy required for dehydration of maize and simulation of dried maize storage. Artificial neural network and thermodynamic equations for computation of maize heat and entropy of sorption were used, as a new method. The artificial neural network method for prediction of the equilibrium moisture content of maize was utilized. The heat of sorption of maize is predicted
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Kranthi Kumar, V., Sukanya Dhar, Tanushree H. Choudhury, S. A. Shivashankar, and Srinivasan Raghavan. "A predictive approach to CVD of crystalline layers of TMDs: the case of MoS2." Nanoscale 7, no. 17 (2015): 7802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr07080a.

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A generic approach suitable to all TMDs has been demonstrated. Thermodynamic modeling identifies the appropriate CVD process window and the growth is controlled by tuning the vapor phase supersaturation. Consequently MoS<sub>2</sub> growth, bulk to monolayers, has been achieved.
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Abutaqiya, Mohammed I. L., Caleb J. Sisco, and Francisco M. Vargas. "A Predictive Thermodynamic Framework for Modeling Density and Phase Behavior of Petroleum Fluids." Energy & Fuels 34, no. 4 (2020): 4497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00353.

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Bhamidi and Abolins. "A Thermodynamic Approach for the Prediction of Oiling Out Boundaries from Solubility Data." Processes 7, no. 9 (2019): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7090577.

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Many pharmaceutical molecules, fine chemicals, and proteins exhibit liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS, also known as oiling out) during solution crystallization. LLPS is of significant concern in crystallization process development, as oiling out can compromise the effectiveness of a crystallization and can lead to operational problems. A comprehensive methodology that allows a process scientist/engineer to characterize the various phase boundaries relevant to oiling out is currently lacking. In this work, we present a modeling framework useful in predicting the binodal, spinodal, and gelat
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Predictive thermodynamic modeling"

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Sabatini, Benjamin J. "Chemical composition, thermodynamics, and recycling : the beginnings of predictive behavioral modeling for ancient copper-based systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:91a4426b-8232-4f85-a39b-69e6c01c327c.

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In their attempts to understand the unwritten past of human technology and progression, archaeologists have borrowed aspects of the natural sciences to answer big questions. In one such pursuit, fundamental aspects of the sciences have been employed towards the chemical compositional analysis of copper-based artifacts, often to simply classify which is bronze, brass, or pure copper, and to explain why they are significant in limited space and time. This thesis takes the variety of identified metal types and compositions from these analyses and builds the beginnings of an ambitious thermodynami
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Ahmed, Saifuddin. "Modélisation thermodynamique des mélanges électrolytiques multi-solvants pour les simulateurs de procédés." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS002/document.

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Les performances des modèles thermodynamiques actuels pour les solvants mixtes (en particulier avec alcools) électrolytiques sont limités. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étendre les capacités du modèle eGC-PPC-SAFT à ces systèmes. Ceci est fait en plusieurs étapes. Dans une première étape, le modèle PPC-SAFT existant est amélioré pour l’eau pure et les solvants usuels, par (1) introduisant une dépendance en température du diamètre sphère dure de l'eau et (2) adapter un minimum de paramètres ioniques sur les coefficients d’activité moyens et les densités des systèmes contenant des électrolytes
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Hylton, Rebecca Kathryn. "Crystal structure prediction and thermodynamic modelling of chiral molecules." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10040863/.

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This thesis explores the potential of computed crystal energy landscapes as an aid in the rational design of chiral separation processes. Crystal structure prediction (CSP) methods have been used to explore the crystal energy landscapes of prototypical chiral systems and the corresponding lattice energies and properties are used to help explore the thermodynamics of these systems. The crystal energy landscape of two very different chiral systems is explored. The small, but very flexible 3-chloromandelic acid molecule which can form strong hydrogen bonding motifs, and the rigid lactide molecule
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Tepesch, Patrick David. "Atomistic modeling of ceramic materials : predicting crystal structures, thermodynamic properties, and diffusion behavior." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10936.

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Silva, Djany Souza. "Evaluation of mathematical models to prediction the dynamic viscosity of fruit juices." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14440.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>O consumo de sucos de frutas tem crescido, devido a comodidade e praticidade gerada pelos produtos prontos. Segundo a AssociaÃÃo Brasileira das IndÃstrias de Refrigerantes, em 2012, a produÃÃo anual foi de 987 milhÃes de litros de sucos de frutas no Brasil. No entanto, para alcanÃar maior eficiÃncia e rendimento, torna-se necessÃrio o conhecimento do comportamento reolÃgico das matÃrias-primas. A viscosidade à uma das propriedades reolÃgicas usada em diversas aplicaÃÃes, tais como: parÃmetro para o cÃlculo de coeficientes de transf
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Jarray, Ahmed. "Mesoscopic modeling, experimental and thermodynamic approach for the prediction of agglomerates structures in granulation processes." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15112/1/jarray.pdf.

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Wet granulation process requires the addition of a coating agent or binder, typically composed of surfactants, water, plasticizers and fillers. In dry granulation however, the coating agent is added to the system in the form of fine solid particles. Our goals are to investigate the particles behaviour and agglomeration mechanism in dry and aqueous systems at the micro and meso scales, and also, to develop predictive methodologies and theoretical tools of investigation allowing to choose the adequate binder and to formulate the right coating solution. In this study we chose materials widely use
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Ahmad, Muhammad Waseem. "Advanced control strategies for optimal operation of a combined solar and heat pump system." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13173.

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The UK domestic sector accounts for more than a quarter of total energy use. This energy use can be reduced through more efficient building operations. The energy efficiency can be improved through better control of heating in houses, which account for a large portion of total energy consumption. The energy consumption can be lowered by using renewable energy systems, which will also help the UK government to meet its targets towards reduction in carbon emissions and generation of clean energy. Building control has gained considerable interest from researchers and much improved ways of control
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Margerit, Jonathan. "Modélisation et Simulations Numériques de la Propagation de Feux de Forêts." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003730.

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La prédiction de la propagation des feux de forêts consiste à trouver l'évolution du front du feu. Cette thèse reprend le modèle monodimensionnel de propagation du feu sous forme d'ellipses de Richards afin de trouver l'expression intrinsèque de la vitesse de ce front. Une formulation équivalente variationnelle de ce modèle en utilisant les principes de l'optique géométrique est aussi dérivée. Un modèle tridimensionnel de la propagation du feu grâce à une homogénéisation par prise de moyennes et à l'utilisation de la thermodynamique des processus irréversibles est alors obtenu. Une simplificat
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Book chapters on the topic "Predictive thermodynamic modeling"

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Dullweber, Frank, Franz W. Sevenich, and Gerhard Klebe. "Determination of Accurate Thermodynamics of Binding for Proteinase-Inhibitor Interactions." In Molecular Modeling and Prediction of Bioactivity. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4141-7_134.

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Shree, Vijaya, and V. Ganesan. "Thermodynamic Modelling of Combustion Process in a Spark Ignition Engine and its Numerical Prediction." In Combustion for Power Generation and Transportation. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3785-6_15.

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Ji, Yanli, Hao Zhong, Ping Hu, Fuan Guo, and Hiromi Nagaumi. "Prediction of the Influence of Si Content on the Ageing Behavior of Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloys by Thermodynamic Modeling." In ICAA13 Pittsburgh. Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48761-8_163.

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Ji, Yanli, Hao Zhong, Ping Hu, Fuan Guo, and Hiromi Nagaumi. "Prediction of the Influence of Si Content on the Aging Behavior of Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloys by Thermodynamic Modeling." In ICAA13: 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118495292.ch163.

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Povar, Igor, Oxana Spinu, Tudor Lupascu, and Gheorghe Duca. "Thermodynamic Stability of Natural Aqueous Systems." In Handbook of Research on Emerging Developments and Environmental Impacts of Ecological Chemistry. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1241-8.ch004.

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Long-term prediction of the complex chemical processes and their practical consequences is only feasible by using simulation models. The chapter presents a thermodynamic approach to the study of complex chemical equilibria in natural aqueous multicomponent systems. Its quintessence consists in the thermodynamic analysis of the conditions of various processes on the basis of derived overall thermodynamic characteristics. Ways to shift from chemical-analytical, descriptive characteristics in heterogeneous multicomponent systems “mineral – natural aqueous systems” to the quantitative study of involved chemical equilibria by thermodynamic and computer modeling are extensively described. The analyzed chemical processes include the heterogeneous interaction of minerals and aqueous solution, homogeneous reactions of hydrolysis, complex formation, and acid-base equilibria.
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Morales-Rodriguez, Ricardo, Rafiqul Gani, Stphane, Alain Vacher, and Olivier. "Interoperability between Modelling Tools (MoT) with Thermodynamic Property Prediction Packages (Simulis® Thermodynamics) and Process Simulators (ProSimPlus) via CAPE-OPEN Standards." In Thermodynamics. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/14218.

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Legemza, Jaroslav, Róbert Findorák, Mária Fröhlichová, and Martina Džupková. "Advances in Sintering of Iron Ores and Concentrates." In Iron Ores [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94051.

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Chapter “Sintering of iron ores and concentrates” is focusing on the study of theoretical, thermodynamic and experimental results in the production of sinters from iron ores and concentrates. The authors of the chapter have long been interested with the production of sinter from iron ores and have recently also focused on the use of biomass as a substitute for a part of coke breeze in the production of iron sinter. Important characteristics of the chapter include the characteristics of iron ores and concentrates used to produce sinter including physico-chemical, mineralogical and metallurgical properties. Predicting the influence of the properties of iron ores and concentrates on the final quality of the sinter and on the production of pig iron is another part of the study. These properties are a key factor in achieving the highest possible agglomerate quality for pig iron production. The sintering process requires mathematical and physical modeling. For this reason, the authors created thermodynamic models of sintering including material-heat balance of sinter production. In the final part of chapter is the use of traditional and alternative carbonaceous fuels in the production of sinters, mainly in the context of replacement of coke breeze with biomass.
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Machado Cavalcanti, Fabio, Camila Emilia Kozonoe, Kelvin André Pacheco, and Rita Maria de Brito Alves. "Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Chemical and Process Engineering." In Deep Learning Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96641.

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The accelerated use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in Chemical and Process Engineering has drawn the attention of scientific and industrial communities, mainly due to the Big Data boom related to the analysis and interpretation of large data volumes required by Industry 4.0. ANNs are well-known nonlinear regression algorithms in the Machine Learning field for classification and prediction and are based on the human brain behavior, which learns tasks from experience through interconnected neurons. This empirical method can widely replace traditional complex phenomenological models based on nonlinear conservation equations, leading to a smaller computational effort – a very peculiar feature for its use in process optimization and control. Thereby, this chapter aims to exhibit several ANN modeling applications to different Chemical and Process Engineering areas, such as thermodynamics, kinetics and catalysis, process analysis and optimization, process safety and control, among others. This review study shows the increasing use of ANNs in the area, helping to understand and to explore process data aspects for future research.
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Chen, Biening, Ian Nicholls, Anthony Turner, Sergey Piletsky, and Iva Chianella. "Thermodynamic Considerations and the Use of Molecular Modeling as a Tool for Predicting MIP Performance." In Molecularly Imprinted Materials. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420030303.pt4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Predictive thermodynamic modeling"

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Tamma, Bhaskar, Juan Carlos Alvarez, and Aaron J. Simon. "Water Addition in Diesel Engine Intake for NOx Reduction: Comparison of Modeling and Experiments." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine and Rail Transportation Divisions Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2003-0749.

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Reduction in emissions, especially NOx has been the main study of various engine researchers in the light of stringent emission norms. To reduce the time and cost involved in testing these technologies, engine thermodynamic cycle predictive tools are used. The present work uses one such predictive tool (GT Power from Gamma Technologies) for predicting the influence of water addition in a turbocharged 6-cylinder diesel engine intake on engine performance and NOx emissions. The experiments for comparison with modeling included the introduction of liquid water in the engine intake stream, between
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Erickson, Dale Douglas, and Greg Metcalf. "Online Modeling of CO2 Storage Systems." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31202-ms.

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Abstract This paper discusses the development and deployment of a specialized online and offline integrated model to simulate the CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) Injection process. There is a very high level of CO2 in an LNG development and the CO2 must be removed in order to prepare the gas to be processed into LNG. To mitigate the global warming effects of this CO2, a large portion of the CO2 Rich Stream (98% purity) is injected back into a depleted oil field. To reduce costs, carbon steel flowlines are used but this introduces a risk of internal corrosion. The presence of free water increases the inte
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Liu, Hsing-Pang, Shannon Strank, Mike Werst, Robert Hebner, and Jude Osara. "Combustion Emissions Modeling and Testing of Neat Biodiesel Fuels." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90038.

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This paper presents emissions modeling and testing of a four-stroke single cylinder diesel engine using pure soybean, cottonseed, and algae biodiesel fuels. A system level engine simulation tool developed by Gamma Technologies, GT-Power, has been used to perform predictive engine combustion simulations using direct-injection jet modeling technique. Various physical and thermodynamic properties of the biodiesel fuels in both liquid and vapor states are required by the GT-Power combustion simulations. However, many of these fuel properties either do not exist or are not available in published li
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Kim, Joohan, Vyaas Gururajan, Riccardo Scarcelli, Sayan Biswas, and Isaac Ekoto. "Modeling Nanosecond-Pulsed Spark Discharge and Flame Kernel Evolution." In ASME 2020 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2020-3006.

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Abstract Dilute combustion, either using exhaust gas recirculation or with excess-air, is considered a promising strategy to improve the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines. However, the dilute air-fuel mixture, especially under intensified turbulence and high-pressure conditions, poses significant challenges for ignitability and combustion stability, which may limit the attainable efficiency benefits. In-depth knowledge of the flame kernel evolution to stabilize ignition and combustion in a challenging environment is crucial for effective engine development and optimization. To
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Esposito, Luca, Gabriel Testa, Alcide Bertocco, and Nicola Bonora. "Creep Modeling of 9-12%Cr Ferritic Steels Accounting for Subgrain Size Evolution." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84671.

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The enhanced performance of new creep-resistant steels is the result of optimized microstructures. Clearly, the microstructure stability at high temperature is essential for the long-term use of this steels generation. In the recent scientific literature, several research addresses the correlation between the microstructure degradation and the creep performance loss. General aim is to introduce state variables able to describe the metallurgy history of the material affecting its current and future response. The possibility to integrate this metallurgical information in predictive modeling is v
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Ghosh, Sayan, Jesper Kristensen, Yiming Zhang, Waad Subber, and Liping Wang. "A Strategy for Adaptive Sampling of Multi-Fidelity Gaussian Processes to Reduce Predictive Uncertainty." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98418.

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Abstract Multi-fidelity Gaussian process (GP) modeling is a common approach to employ in resource-expensive computationally demanding algorithms such as optimization, calibration and uncertainty quantification where multiple datasets of varying fidelities are encountered. Briefly, in its simplest form, a multi-fidelity GP is trained on two separate sources of datasets each with its own fidelity level, e.g., a software code/simulator for the low-fidelity source and real-world experiments for the high-fidelity source. Adaptive sampling for multi-fidelity Gaussian processes is a challenging task
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Cimino, Roberto, Sebastiano Correra, P. A. Sacomani, and Carlo Carniani. "Thermodynamic Modelling for Prediction of Asphaltene Deposition in Live Oils." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/28993-ms.

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Grammer, Thomas Allen, and Robert R. Bittle. "Thermodynamic Modeling of an Epitrochoidal Engine Cycle." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19215.

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A thermodynamic performance model has been developed for a new four-stroke piston engine design in which the crankshaft path is epitrochoidal, or non-circular. The model is based on an Otto air-standard cycle with non-ideal effects of friction, valve and spark timing, heat transfer, volumetric efficiency, and fuel burn timing then added. The same modeling approach was then used in developing a standard circular path engine model for comparison: the result being two discrete models varying only in their crankshaft paths, and thus piston path timing. The thermodynamic modeling was one phase of a
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Biggs, Simon, Michael Fairweather, James Young, Robin W. Grimes, Neil Milestone, and Francis Livens. "The KNOO Research Consortium: Work Package 3—An Integrated Approach to Waste Immobilisation and Management." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16375.

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The Keeping the Nuclear Option Open (KNOO) research consortium is a four-year research council funded initiative addressing the challenges related to increasing the safety, reliability and sustainability of nuclear power in the UK. Through collaboration between key industrial and governmental stakeholders, and with international partners, KNOO was established to maintain and develop skills relevant to nuclear power generation. Funded by a research grant of £6.1M from the “Towards a Sustainable Energy Economy Programme” of the UK Research Councils, it represents the single largest university-ba
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Fouladi, K., A. P. Wemhoff, L. Silva-Llanca, and A. Ortega. "Optimization of Data Center Cooling Efficiency Using Reduced Order Flow Modeling Within a Flow Network Modeling Approach." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39558.

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Much of the energy use by data centers is attributed to the energy needed to cool the data centers. Thus, improving the cooling efficiency and thermal management of data centers can translate to direct and significant economic benefits. However, data centers are complex systems containing a significant number of components or sub-systems (e.g., servers, fans, pumps, and heat exchangers) that must be considered in any synergistic data center thermal efficiency optimization effort. The Villanova Thermodynamic Analysis of Systems (VTAS) is a flow network tool for performance prediction and design
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