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1
Sesodia, Sanjay, David Molnar, and Graham P. Shaw. "Can We Predict 4-year Graduation in Podiatric Medical School Using Admission Data?" Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 102, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/1020463.
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Background: This study examined the predictive ability of educational background and demographic variables, available at the admission stage, to identify applicants who will graduate in 4 years from podiatric medical school. Methods: A logistic regression model was used to identify two predictors of 4-year graduation: age at matriculation and total Medical College Admission Test score. The model was cross-validated using a second independent sample from the same population. Cross-validation gives greater confidence that the results could be more generally applied. Results: Total Medical College Admission Test score was the strongest predictor of 4-year graduation, with age at matriculation being a statistically significant but weaker predictor. Conclusions: Despite the model’s capacity to predict 4-year graduation better than random assignment, a sufficient amount of error in prediction remained, suggesting that important predictors are missing from the model. Furthermore, the high rate of false-positives makes it inappropriate to use age and Medical College Admission Test score as admission screens in an attempt to eliminate attrition by not accepting at-risk students. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 102(6): 463–470, 2012)
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Alkushi, Abdulmohsen, and Abdulaziz Althewini. "The Predictive Validity of Admission Criteria for College Assignment in Saudi Universities: King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Experience." International Education Studies 13, no. 4 (March 22, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n4p141.
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Admission criteria can be used to predict Saudi student performance in college, but significant differences across several studies exists. This study explores the predictive power of admission criteria for college assignment using King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences as a model. Scores from high school and standardized tests were collected for 1,595 students. Data were analyzed with multinomial logistic and multivariate linear regression. A formula was generated to determine student college assignment based on their admission criteria profile. The results showed that all admission criteria were significant predictors of college assignment but accounted for only 21.1% of the variance. Based on the results of this study, admission criteria may not be reliable predictors of college assignment on their own, and additional criteria for measuring student success are needed.
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Althewini, Abdulaziz. "Prediction of Standardized Tests and English Competence for Saudi Medical Students’ Performance in an Introductory Physics Course." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n2p153.
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The following study tested the relationship between admission criteria and college students’ performance in an introductory physics course. For this study, I analyzed the performance of 250 students based on two college admission standardized tests (i.e., General Aptitude Test (GAT), Scholastic Achievement Admission Test (SAAT)), and English competence performance (i.e., average English course grades and reading and communication proficiency test). Based on this analysis, GAT and SAAT, along with English competence, are significant individual predictors for students’ performance in physics. Reading proficiency tests were the best individual predictors in simple linear regression analysis with 19.6% variance. The combined methods, with multivariate regression analysis, explained only 29.3% of physics course grade variance. This low variance of Saudi admission criteria for a single physics course should motivate Saudi policymakers to conduct a national study that includes an increased number of participants. Through such a national study, more evidence-based conclusions regarding the college admission system can be made to improve the admission process for Saudi students.
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Alnabhan, Mousa, and Michael Harwell. "PSYCHOMETRIC CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING A COLLEGE ADMISSION TEST FOR JORDAN." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 29, no. 5 (January 1, 2001): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2001.29.5.445.
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In 1998, the Jordanian Council of Higher Education authorized the construction of a standardized aptitude test that would be used to assist colleges and universities in admissions decisions. This paper reports the results of a study that examined whether test items were operating as desired and path analyses that explored predictors of student performance for a highly selective sample of Jordanian students. Item analyses indicated that thirty percent of the items showed inadequate discrimination or inappropriate difficulty levels, and an additional nineteen percent of the items showed evidence of differential item functioning attributable to sex. The path analyses indicated that the strongest predictors of performance emerged for female students and included parental educational level and whether students attended a government-sponsored school or a private school. For males, the same predictive relationships were negligible.
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Althewini, Abdulaziz. "The Predictive Validity of Standardized Tests and English Proficiency for Saudi Medical Students’ Performance in Biology." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 7, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.4p.158.
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The study is designed to examine the predictive power of Saudi-admission criteria for student performance in an introductory biology course. It focuses on the second semester at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. The study addresses whether the General Aptitude test (GAT), the Scholastic Achievement Admission Test (SAAT), and the students’ English proficiency, taken together can accurately predict student performance in the biology course. Their English proficiency was measured by using the average grade in the intensive English courses taken in the first semester, in addition to the average grade in the reading and communication proficiency tests. The research involved the results of 250 male students in the admission criteria and biology-course grades. Simple linear and multivariate regression models are used to determine the predictive variance of each admission criterion for student success in the biology course. The results demonstrate that the admission criteria are significant predictors, but with a variance of 26.6%. The results also show that individually, GAT and SAAT are the poorest predictors, whereas the reading and communication proficiency tests were the best. The findings reveal that the predictive power of these admission criteria as a combined model is low. Additionally, more investigation is necessary to ascertain whether these criteria are also low predictors in other subjects and in overall college learning.
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Wambuguh, Oscar, Monika Eckfield, and Lynn Van Hofwegen. "Examining the Importance of Admissions Criteria in Predicting Nursing Program Success." International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2015-0088.
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AbstractBaccalaureate nursing programs select students likely to graduate, become licensed, and contribute to a diverse workforce, and admissions criteria need to support those goals. This study assessed five criteria: pre-admit science GPA; TEAS score; healthcare experience; previous baccalaureate degree; and pre-admission university enrollment vs. college transfer as predictors of three desired outcomes: graduation; nursing program GPA; and passing NCLEX-RN. Results found TEAS and pre-admit science GPA predicted nursing program outcomes. Students with TEAS≥82 had 8 % greater probability of graduating, 13 % greater probability of a GPA≥3.25, and 9 % greater probability of passing NCLEX-RN, compared to students with TEAS < 82. Students with pre-admit science GPAs≥3.8 had 11 % greater probability of passing NCLEX-RN and 14 % greater probability of a GPA≥3.25 compared to students with pre-admit science GPAs < 3.8. Further discussions regarding factors important for training a diverse nursing workforce and effective ways to implement non-academic admission criteria are warranted.
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Callena, Eleonor, Bonifacio Gabales, Rosalinda Tutor, Shirley Villanueva, Christopher Gonzales, Angel De Vera, Sheila Caberte, Virginia Barbara Nillas, Jay Acerbo, and Anastacio Pantaleon. "Predictors of Passing Probability in the Licensure Examination for Selected Programs in the University of Southeastern Philippines." Southeastern Philippines Journal of Research and Development 24, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53899/spjrd.v24i1.12.
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Performance of higher education institutions in licensure examinations is reflective of the effectiveness of their curricular programs. This study employed a causal design to evaluate graduates’ academic attributes that can potentially determine the likelihood of passing the state-administered board examinations. Considered predictor variables are ratings in University admission test, average high school and college general point averages as well as course grades in major and professional courses. The test of significance of these variables was derived from a binary logistic regression. Results of the evaluation indicated that performance indicators varied across programs. The implications on students’ academic attributes, the institution’s admission and retention policy, assessment practices and quality assurance mechanisms are discussed.
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Patel, Terral A., Shaun A. Nguyen, and David R. White. "Clinical Indicators of Admission for Pediatric Cochlear Implant Procedures." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 127, no. 7 (June 1, 2018): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489418778880.
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Objectives: A minority of children undergoing cochlear implantation (CI) are admitted overnight postoperatively, but there are little data on prognostic indicators. Our goal is to review national data to identify variables associated with admission and identify effects on outcomes. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2012-2015 American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (ACS NSQIP-P) program use files. The CI patients were identified by CPT code. Demographics, comorbidities, anesthesia time, total operation time, 30-day complications, and 30-day readmission were compared between ambulatory and admitted patients. Results: A total of 2943 CI patients were included, with 17.2% of these admitted post implantation. Single variable analysis revealed multiple factors associated with admission post implantation. Multivariable analysis showed patients with asthma were 2.2 times ( P < .001; odds ratio [OR] = 1.484-3.227) and those with structural central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities 2.1 times ( P < .001; OR = 1.584-2.706) more likely to be admitted. Younger age ( P = .002; OR = 0.995-0.999) and longer operation time ( P < .001; OR = 1.003-1.006) were weak predictors. Two hundred sixteen patients lacked any factors but were still admitted. They had similar outcomes to ambulatory healthy patients. Conclusion: We identified factors associated with admission post-CI and higher readmission rates. Asthma and CNS abnormalities are strong predictors of admission post implantation. Forty-two percent of admitted patients lack any of these factors and have comparable outcomes to corresponding ambulatory patients.
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Sarid, Miriam, Yael Meltzer, and Michal Raveh. "Academic Achievements of College Graduates With Learning Disabilities Vis-a-Vis Admission Criteria and Academic Support." Journal of Learning Disabilities 53, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219419884064.
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Postsecondary entrance examination scores are generally low predictors of college achievement (grade point average [GPA]) for students with learning disabilities (LD). The difficulties with meeting academic requirements have raised the awareness of the needs of students with LD for support services. The present study examined the adequacy of entrance criteria to academic studies for students with LD and the effectiveness of three support levels during their academic studies in increasing their academic gains. Data were collected for 315 college graduates with LD and 955 graduates who do not have LD (NLD) who completed their BA studies in a college in Israel. Although the admission scores of graduates with LD were lower than those of NLD graduates, their GPA was higher than the GPA of NLD graduates. The psychometric score had a low correlation with final college GPA of graduates with LD. There was no difference in the final GPA of the graduates with LD in the different support programs. The findings suggest that academic support can be an effective way to help students with LD to eliminate or close the gap between them and NLD students and to earn an academic degree, regardless of what if any admission criteria were applied to them.
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Zdradzinski, Michael J., Michael P. Phelan, and Sharon E. Mace. "Impact of Frailty and Sociodemographic Factors on Hospital Admission From an Emergency Department Observation Unit." American Journal of Medical Quality 32, no. 3 (April 26, 2016): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1062860616644779.
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Understanding factors associated with an increased risk of hospital admission from emergency department (ED) observation units (OUs) could be valuable in disposition decisions. To evaluate the impact of frailty and sociodemographic factors (SDFs) on admission risk, patients in an ED OU were surveyed. Survey measures included SDFs, social habits, and frailty measured by the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living. Of 306 surveyed, 18% were admitted and 82% were discharged. Demographics were similar between groups. More admitted patients responded positively to the Katz Index (28% vs 13%, P = .007; odds ratio = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.35-5.51). College graduation and current employment favored the discharge group, while admitted patients were more likely to receive Social Security disability insurance. Frailty remained associated with admission on multivariable analysis. Frailty, disability insurance, and lower education are predictors of admission from an OU and could serve as screening criteria in disposition decisions.
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Kim, Johyun. "Predictors of College Retention and Performance between Regular and Special Admissions." Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice 52, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2015.995575.
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Hojat, Mohammadreza, Wolfgang H. Vogel, Carter Zeleznik, and Bette D. Borenstein. "Effects of Academic and Psychosocial Predictors of Performance in Medical School on Coefficients of Determination." Psychological Reports 63, no. 2 (October 1988): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.63.2.383.
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This study was designed to answer the following questions: (1) Does a set of selected noncognitive variables predict medical school performance measures? (2) Is there a significant increase in the coefficients of determination when noncognitive measures are added to the conventional cognitive predictors in regression models? Complete data on all measures were available for 88 sophomore medical students. Cognitive (academic) predictors were undergraduate GPA in science and nonscience courses, and scores on science problems, reading and quantitative scales of the Medical College Admission Test. Noncognitive (psychological) predictors were scores on scales of stressful life events, general anxiety, test anxiety, emotionality, external locus of control, intensity and chronicity of loneliness, sociability, self-esteem, perception of early relationships with mother, father and peers, and indices of over- and underconfidence. Criterion measures were freshman and sophomore GPAs in medical school and scores on Part I of the National Board examinations. Results indicate that (1) noncognitive predictors could significantly predict criterion measures and (2) inclusion of noncognitive measures in a model of cognitive predictors could substantially increase the magnitude of the relationships.
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Adhikari, Shital, Ramesh Sharma Poudel, Shakti Shrestha, and Praves Lamichhane. "Predictors of Mortality in Scrub Typhus Infection Requiring Intensive Care Admission in Tertiary Healthcare Centre of Nepal." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2018 (June 3, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4867958.
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Introduction.This study aimed to explore the predictors of mortality from scrub typhus infection in patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission.Materials and Methods.A retrospective study was conducted on 120 patients with serum ELISA IgM positive for scrub typhus (optical density ≥ 0.5) admitted at the medical ICU of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital between April 2016 and September 2017. Data was extracted from patient medical records and electronic database of the hospital. The outcome measurement was mortality (Yes/No) due to the infection. A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis (p<0.10) using potential variables from bivariate analysis (p<0.25) was adjusted to predict the mortality.Results.The mortality rate was 20% (24/120). Factors associated with mortality, as found using bivariate analysis, were heart rate > 100/minute (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg (p=0.025), diastolic blood pressure < 60 mmHg (p=0.032), serum creatinine > 1.4 mg/dl (p<0.001), acute kidney injury requiring dialysis (p=0.029), acute respiratory distress syndrome (p<0.001), and shock requiring vasopressor (p<0.001). Regression analysis showed age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.063; 95% CI = 1.010–1.118;p=0.019) and serum creatinine (OR = 1.063; 95% CI = 1.010–1.118;p=0.019) as significant predictors of poor outcome.Conclusion.Older age and high serum creatinine were found to be independent predictors of poor outcome in patients with scrub typhus admitted in medical ICU.
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Newton, William B., Matthew J. Sagransky, Jeanette S. Andrews, Kimberly J. Hansen, Matthew A. Corriere, Philip P. Goodney, and Matthew S. Edwards. "Outcomes of Revascularized Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database." American Surgeon 77, no. 7 (July 2011): 832–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481107700715.
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This report examines outcomes of revascularization for acute arterial mesenteric ischemia (AAMI) using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients with International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision and Current Procedural Terminology codes indicating AAMI with concomitant mesenteric revascularization were identified. Demographic, risk factor, procedural, morbidity, and mortality data were examined. Associations with morbidity and mortality were analyzed by logistic regression. One hundred forty-two cases of AAMI were identified. Seventy-one cases were thrombotic and 71 were embolic according to revascularization codes. Mean age was 66 years, 84 per cent of patients were white, and 54 per cent were female. Unadjusted major morbidity and mortality rates were 69 and 30 per cent, respectively. Patients with thrombotic AAMI were more likely to have a lower body mass index, greater than 10 per cent weight loss in the past 6 months, and a history of smoking. Patients with embolic AAMI were more likely to present emergently with sepsis. Unadjusted morbidity and mortality rates were 78 and 38 per cent for embolic and 61 and 23 per cent for thrombotic AAMI, respectively. Multi-variable predictors of morbidity included bowel resection at the time of revascularization, transfer admission, and involvement of a surgical resident. Multivariable predictors of mortality included impaired functional status, increased age, and postoperative sepsis. Cause of AAMI was not a significant predictor of morbidity or mortality. In a large sample of AAMI cases, AAMI remained a highly lethal and morbid condition. Predictors of morbidity and mortality included indicators of advanced presentation, treatment delay, and patient-related factors specific to AAMI, including debility and advanced age. Efforts directed at prevention and increasing the speed of diagnosis and definitive treatment appear to be necessary to improve outcomes.
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Deal, Kathleen Holtz, and Joan Pittman. "Examining Predictors of Social Work Students’ Critical Thinking Skills." Advances in Social Work 10, no. 1 (March 19, 2009): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/197.
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This study examined BSW, MSW and PhD social work students’ (N=72) critical thinking skills using the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST). Social work students who tested as more open to experience on a personality inventory, took chemistry in college, and reported having both parents with a college degree had higher critical thinking skills. There was a trend toward higher levels of critical thinking as academic levels increased. Implications and recommendations are discussed for social work classrooms, field practica, and admissions.
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Alotaibi, Nayef. "The Predictive Ability of High School General Point Average, Standardized Test for English Proficiency, and Type of High School to Foresee the Academic Success of Saudi EFL Freshmen." Arab World English Journal 12, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 348–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no2.24.
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Although many studies have examined the ability of admission tests and High School General Point Averages to predict academic performance, they are not in agreement whether or not, these two measures are an entirely sufficient criterion to foretell college learning success. In addition, there seems to be a gap in the literature concerning using the type of high school (private or public) a student attends as a supportive measure to the two criteria mentioned above. This study tried to answer the research question, which is: to what extent can student’s high school point average, admission test, and the type of school he attended predict his academic performance? The research carries a considerable significance as it cast light on some factors that may foretell the academic success of a college student. The study investigated the predictive capability of students’ high school general averages, admission test, which is Standardized Test for English Proficiency, and student’s type of high school to predict freshmen’s academic success as defined by their college General Point Averages at the end of their first year. The present study utilized regression analysis to analyze the data of 100 students who finished their first year at the college of languages and translation, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia. The study findings indicated that the admission test was the best predictor for students’ performance. In contrast, surprisingly, students’ HSGPAs and the type of school they attended had little significance in determining the attainment of college students. Thus, it is suggested that the entry test be considered an essential measure for admission to the Saudi college.
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Batool, Hijab, Asim Mumtaz, A. S. Chughtai, Ameelia Sadaqat, and Syed Imran Ali Shah. "ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 11 (November 3, 2017): 1733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.11.656.
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Objectives: To explore the factors affecting academic performance ofundergraduate MBBS students in Central Park Medical College Lahore. Background: Inmedical education, academic achievement tends to be an important aspect of professionaldevelopment later in the life of medical graduates. In Pakistan, pre-admission grades are oneof the most important criteria for admission in medical colleges. Several other factors are alsobelieved to play an important role to predict performance of undergraduate students in medicalcolleges. A detailed study of these factors can help to improve the performance of studentsin medical colleges. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Setting: Central ParkMedical College, Lahore. Materials and methods:Two MBBS batches (n=200) of Central ParkMedical College. Student data regarding gender, parent occupation, being a boarder or dayscholar, marks scored in F.sc and MCAT along with the score obtained in all professionalexaminations was collected. The data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Results: Thisstudy revealed that there was a positive correlation between preadmission grades of studentsand their academic performance throughout the five year period of medical college. Therewas no significant difference (p-value >0.05) between the academic performances ofstudents from parents of medical background as compared to those from parents withoutany medical background. The performances of students living in hostels were almost same astheir counterparts who were day scholars (p-value>0.05). The overall performance of studentswas better in the final years of medical colleges as compared to the initial years with femalesperforming better than males. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the fact that preadmission grades may prove to be a predictor of performance later in professional college life.Factors like parent occupation and place of accommodation have little role in predicting theacademic achievement of medical students. Learning though interactive manner tend to helpin achieving better grades as compared to students who learn through less interactive/didacticlecture technique.
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Gardner, Kate, Abdel Douiri, Marlene Allman, Emma Drasar, Moji Awogbade, and Swee Lay Thein. "Survival in Sickle Cell Disease: Data from a Well-Resourced, National Health System Setting." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.71.71.
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Abstract Background: In well-resourced countries, early mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD) is no longer a major feature, thus the burden of SCD mortality has shifted to adults. Recent data on patients with SCD in USA confirmed continuing improvement in adult survival, attributed to better preventative care. Health economics may play a key role in clinical outcome in SCD; we hypothesise that survival would be longer in a system which is not insurance based. King's College Hospital, London, UK has a large SCD cohort in a well-resourced setting within a national health service framework. Methods: 712 adult (≥18 years) SCD patients were observed over 10 years (2004-13 inclusive) to identify mortality outcome (total 5268 patient-years of observation with median 8 years of observation per patient, over median 9 total hospital visits). Demographic data, sickle and alpha genotype were documented. Laboratory data were also collected (list in table): outpatient laboratory values were averaged over the 10 year period to create a "steady state" value for each patient. Mean number of hospital admissions with a sickle pain crisis was calculated (total admissions/number of observed years per patient). IBM SPSS Statistics 22 was used for Kaplan Meier survival analysis and then regression analysis was undertaken, based on the Cox proportional hazards model, to identify variables which were associated with mortality, and produce hazard ratios for putative predictors (demographic, laboratory and admission data). Results: 43 patients (6.0%) died during the study at a median age of 42 years (IQR: 31-48). Kaplan Meier analysis showed an estimated median survival of 77 years (95% CI: 68-85) for all sickle genotypes. Sub-analysis by sickle genotype showed: HbSS/HbSβ0 thalassaemia together (33 deaths in 450 patients) with estimated median survival 67 years; and HbSC (8 deaths in 229 patients) with significantly higher estimated median survival 82 years (p<0.001), see figure 1. For both genotypes, there was no gender difference on sub-analysis. For HbSS/HbSβ0, there was a significant difference by hospitalisation rate with survival: median survival in those with ≤0.5 admissions/year was 67 years, significantly higher than 60 years (CI: 43-77) for high admission rates (p=0.001), see figure 2. Cox regression analysis was conducted for HbSS/HbSβ0 patients (demographic, laboratory and admission data), see table. Risk of death is increased: 2.5-fold if ferritin is high (>1000ug/L), 6% for every extra 10umol/L total bilirubin, 20% for every extra 100 IU/L LDH, 18% for every extra 1 x109/L WBC (all steady state values). Hospitalisation rates were analysed two ways: using the continuous variable, risk of death is increased by 37% for every admission accrued in an individual's mean admission/year statistic; and using a dichotomous variable (high versus low admissions), those with high admission rates have a hazard ratio over 3-fold that of those with low admission rates. Conclusions: These data indicate that adult survival in SCD in our institution is high; estimated median survival of 67 years for HbSS/Sβ0 and 82 years for HbSC. This is markedly longer than those recently quoted from the USA, which may be due to disparities in health economics. Cox regression sub-analysis for the HbSS/Sβ0 group reveals multiple "predictors" of increased mortality risk including classical laboratory markers of SCD severity - iron loading (likely correlated with disease severity via transfusion rate), inflammatory and haemolytic parameters - as well as confirming hospitalisation rate as a simple but strong predictor of survival in SCD. Table. Cox regression analysis for HbSS/HbSβ0 thalassaemia HbSS/HbSβ0 thalassaemia (n=450, 33 deaths) Hazard ratio (CI) p value Demographics Alpha Thalassaemia* 1.342 (0.666-2.706) 0.411 Sex* (M=default) 0.674 (0.339-1.340) 0.261 Laboratory Total bilirubin umol/L 1.006 (1.004-1.008) <0.000001 C-reactive protein (CRP) mg/L 1.019 (0.998-1.042) 0.079 High Ferritin >1000ug/L* 2.518 (1.212-5.232) 0.013 Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) IU/L 1.002 (1.000-1.004) 0.038 WBC x109/L 1.181 (1.037-1.345) 0.012 Hb g/L 0.979 (0.956-1.002) 0.073 Reticulocytes x109/L 1.002 (0.999-1.005) 0.285 Admissions Mean number admissions / year 1.374 (1.159-1.630) <0.001 High admission rate (>0.5/year) 3.131 (1.567-6.259) 0.001 *Dichotomous variables Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Westermann, Robert, Kyle Duchman, Yubo Gao, Andrew Pugely, Carolyn Hettrich, Ned Amendola, Brian Wolf, and Chris Anthony. "Infection following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Analysis of 6,389 Cases." Journal of Knee Surgery 30, no. 06 (October 25, 2016): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1593617.
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AbstractInfection following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is rare. Previous authors have concluded that diabetes, tobacco use, and previous knee surgery may influence infection rates following ACLR. The purpose of this study was to identify a cohort of patients undergoing ACLR and define (1) the incidence of infection after ACLR from a large multicenter database and (2) the risk factors for infection after ACLR. We identified patients undergoing elective ACLRs in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database between 2007 and 2013. The primary outcome was any surgical site infection within 30 days of surgery. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses comparing infected and noninfected cases to identify risk factors for infection. In total, 6,398 ACLRs were available for analysis of which 39 (0.61%) were diagnosed with a postoperative infection. Univariate analysis identified preoperative dyspnea, low hematocrit, operative time > 1 hour, and hospital admission following surgery as predictors of postoperative infection. Diabetes, tobacco use, age, and body mass index (BMI) were not associated with infection (p > 0.05). After multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of postoperative infection was hospital admission following surgery (odds ratio, 2.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–6.96; p = 0.04). Hospital admission following surgery was associated with an increased incidence of infection in this large, multicenter cohort. Smoking, elevated BMI, and diabetes did not increase the risk infection in the present study. Surgeons should optimize outpatient operating systems and practices to aid in same-day discharges following ACLR.
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Liu, Qijun, and Yaping Peng. "Determinants of Willingness to Bribe: Micro Evidence from the Educational Sector in China." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 235, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2015-0205.
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SummaryWe use a unique dataset based on reported direct personal bribes paid by arts students in China at examinations and in the college admissions process to study willingness to bribe. We find that individual willingness to bribe depends on personal characteristics rather than on the attributes of the admissions process at different colleges and universities. The perceived level of corruption, personal attitudes towards corruption, academic attainment, and the rank of a college are significant predictors of bribery. Based on self-reporting, students from middle-income families have a higher likelihood of engaging in bribery than students from poor or rich families. There are no significant gender differences in bribing behavior. We acknowledge and seek to account for the possibility of identity-confirming expressive behavior in the survey responses.
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Kuncel, Nathan R., Marcus Credé, Lisa L. Thomas, David M. Klieger, Stephanie N. Seiler, and Sang E. Woo. "A Meta-Analysis of the Validity of the Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) and Grade Predictors of Pharmacy Student Performance." American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 69, no. 3 (September 2005): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/aj690351.
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Davis, Erin, Richard Braha, Shannon McAlorum, and Debbie Kelly. "A brief history of pharmacy admissions in North America." Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 152, no. 6 (August 5, 2019): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1715163519865571.
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The move from a Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy to a Doctor of Pharmacy degree, both in the United States and in Canada, has been accompanied by a general move towards increased prepharmacy admission requirements and longer pharmacy programs. Historically, the most thoroughly researched pharmacy admissions variables include grade point average (GPA), Pharmacy College Admissions Test (PCAT), interviews and critical thinking tests. Most programs now require a combination of academic (GPA ± PCAT) and nonacademic characteristics (e.g., interviews, volunteering, critical thinking tests, essays). This review focuses on GPA and the PCAT as academic admissions measures and the interview (both traditional and the multiple mini-interview) and critical thinking tests as nonacademic measures. There is evidence that prepharmacy GPA, the PCAT and admissions interviews are correlated with academic success in a pharmacy program. Repeating a prepharmacy course is a negative predictor of academic success. The multiple mini-interview and various critical thinking tests have been studied in pharmacy admissions, but the evidence to date does not support their use for predicting success. Several areas require further research, including finding an effective measure of reasoning and critical thinking skills. The relationship between admission test scores and clinical performance also requires further study, as academic achievement in pharmacy programs has been the main measure of success to date.
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Mehare, Tsegaye, Reta Kassa, Birhanie Mekuriaw, and Tewodros Mengesha. "Assessing Predictors of Academic Performance for NMEI Curriculum-Based Medical Students Found in the Southern Ethiopia." Education Research International 2020 (October 6, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8855306.
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Background. In Ethiopia since 2012, the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health and Education implemented a new medical education initiative in 13 institutions. Currently, as a nation, very little is known about the predictors of academic performance for new medical education curriculum-based students. Identifying different factors affecting students’ academic performance in the local context so as to enrich the empirical evidence and provide new insights into the effect of variables in developing countries is very important. Thus, the main aim of this study was to assess predictors of academic performance for new medical education initiative curriculum-based medical students. Objective. This study designed to assess the predictors of academic performance for new medical education initiative curriculum-based medical students found in Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia. Methods. Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used on 472 new medical education system students. The study setting includes three medical institutions (Dilla University College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolaita Sodo University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Yirgalem Hospital Medical College) within southern region from February to July 2020. The study subjects were those medical students under the NMEI curriculum and had at least one-year cumulative grade point average in the abovementioned institutions. Results. A total of 167 (35.4%) of the students’ academic performance scores were poor. Being agriculture graduate with educational background, mothers with no formal education, being married, first-degree performance score of 2.7–3.2 CGPA, monthly allowance of 10–24.99 USD, nondormitory, student age of 31–35 years old, and being stressed have shown an association with poor academic performance score of the students. Conclusion. First-degree educational background, marital status, maternal educational status, first-degree academic performance, age of the student, monthly allowance, residency during medical school, and history of stress were significant predictors of academic performance for new medical education system students. Thus, it is recommended that special attention should be paid to the admission criteria and financial support of the students.
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Gomez-Arizaga, Maria P., and Leonor Conejeros-Solar. "Gifted students’ readiness for college." Gifted Education International 30, no. 3 (June 18, 2013): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261429413486573.
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Gifted students’ performance on a Chilean university admission test, Prueba de Selección Universitaria (PSU), was investigated in this study. Sixty-six students participating in an enrichment-based university program for gifted youth were selected. The sample included both male and female gifted adolescents who studied in public and voucher (charter) high schools. The purpose was to investigate which combination of factors was the best predictor of students’ scores and the differences between male and female students’ performance. Only intelligence, as measured by the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices test, correlated with the scores on the PSU. Males from voucher schools outperformed females on the PSU. Providing academic support and adequate preparation has been discussed as an important element for college readiness, successful transition to college, and to diminish the existing performance gap between students from different types of schools in Chile.
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Lanham, B. Dean, Edward J. Schauer, and G. Solomon Osho. "A Comprehensive Analysis Of The Efficacy Of Non-Cognitive Measures: Predicting Academic Success In A Historically Black University In South Texas." Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC) 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v8i4.4193.
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Universities have long used standardized American College Tests (ACT), Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SAT), and high school Grade Point Averages (HS GPA) for academic admission requirements. The current study of 127 minority college students in a Historically Black University in South Texas assesses an alternative measure, the Non-Cognitive Questionnaire developed by William Sedlacek. It is also important to test the validity of these standards for graduation success. As part of the process for residence hall placement at the Historically Black University, each participant completed a Non-Cognitive Questionnaire (NCQ) (Schauer, 2007). Preliminary indications provide neither a clear cut distinction nor a strong probability of success based on ACT or SAT scores among minority college students. High school GPA appears to be the best predictor of college graduation success among academic admission requirements in a Historically Black University. The NCQ appears to be a weak predictive tool in the success rates of minority students in the current study. Further study is required in the child developmental years of educational training.
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Malik, Azeem Tariq, Elizabeth Yu, Jeffery Kim, and Safdar N. Khan. "Intensive Care Unit Admission Following Surgery for Pediatric Spinal Deformity: An Analysis of the ACS-NSQIP Pediatric Spinal Fusion Procedure Targeted Dataset." Global Spine Journal 10, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568219841367.
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Study Design: Retrospective cohort. Objective: To understand which patient and surgical factors are predictive of an increased odds of undergoing an admission and a prolonged stay >2 days in an intensive care unit (ICU) following corrective surgery for pediatric deformity. Methods: The 2016 American College of Surgeons–National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) Pediatric Spinal Fusion Procedure Targeted database records, merged with original 2016 ACS-NSQIP Pediatric file variables, were used for this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify independent risk factors associated with admission, as well as a prolonged length of stay in the ICU following surgery. Results: A total of 1398 (39.5%) patients required an ICU admission following the procedure—out of whom 416 (29.8%) stayed for more than 2 days. Following adjusted analysis, patient and surgical factors independently associated with an ICU admission were black/African American versus white race, anterior fusion, combined fusion, nonidiopathic scoliosis, preoperative ventilator dependence, asthma, having structural pulmonary abnormality, developmental delay, having a neuromuscular disorder, requiring nutritional support and a total operative time >270 minutes. The only significant factors associated with a prolonged length of ICU stay >2 days were preoperative ventilator dependence, nutritional support requirement, and undergoing anterior or combined fusion. Conclusions: This study is the first of its kind to identify significant patient- and procedure-level factors associated with an ICU admission, and also explores predictors for a prolonged stay in the ICU. Surgeons can use this data to preoperatively counsel families and ensure postoperative course of care is appropriately planned ahead of time.
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Sawant, Ruta V., Benjamin Lewing, Matthew Wanat, and Sujit S. Sansgiry. "Predictors of on-site interview selection and admission for a doctor of pharmacy program using the pharmacy college application service (PharmCAS) variables." Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning 10, no. 9 (September 2018): 1197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2018.06.020.
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Mendoza, Doris A., and Zenaida Antonio. "Influence of Pre-Medicine Course GPA and National Medical Admission Test on First Year GPA Among College of Medicine Students: A Retrospective Review." Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference 7, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 600–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.35974/isc.v7i1.1472.
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Introduction: The admission criteria used by medical schools in the Philippines in selecting future doctors are the same. These include academic ability, insight into medicine, extracurricular activities and interests, personality, motivation, linguistic and communication skills, and the National Medical Admission Test (NMAT). However, the evidence for using these criteria is limited. The Adventist University of the Philippines College of Medicine (AUP-COM), determined the significant predictors of its students’ GPA in their first year in medical school. The first-year GPA of the students was associated with their success in medical schools.
Methods: Utilizing the Pre-medical Board Course GPA and NMAT as factors in predicting future performance of the students in the medical field, this retrospective study utilized all students from four batches (N = 153) who were accepted in COM. 11.1% were from Batch 2019, 26% from Batch 2020, 33% from Batch 2021 and 30.1% from 2022. Majority were females (66%) and had pre-medical courses such as Medical Laboratory Science (49.7%), BS Biology (15.55%), and BS Nursing (11.1%). Statistical analysis included mean, standard deviation, percentage, correlation, and regression.
Results: The NMAT of the medicine students had an average of 72.01, with a pre-medicine course GPA of 90.69 (B) and first-year GPA of 84.6% (C+). The bivariate correlation revealed significant positive relationship of NMAT and pre-medicine course grade to the GPA of the students in their first year in medical school. However, regression analysis revealed that only pre-medicine course GPA significantly predicted the first year GPA of students.
Discussion: This result can be an eye-opener to medical schools on the percentage weight given to NMAT score as one of the major criteria in the selection process of future doctors. Future research may include other predictors of student performance since pre-medicine course GPA contributes only 13.2% of the variance in medicine students’ first year GPA.
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Latif, David A. "Including the Assessment of Nontraditional Factors in Pharmacy School Admissions." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 39, no. 4 (April 2005): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1e498.
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OBJECTIVE: To review the relevant literature regarding the predictive ability of cognitive measures (ie, Pharmacy College Admissions Test [PCAT] scores and prepharmacy grade point average [GPA]) on both academic and clinical performance and discuss the inclusion of nontraditional assessment during the admissions process. DATA SOURCES: Articles were identified through searches of International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–April 2004), MEDLINE (1966–January 2004), and ERIC (1966–April 2004) using the key words admissions variables, predictors of success, Pharmacy College Admissions Test, grade point average, cognitive variables, and noncognitive variables. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and retrospective studies, as well as reviews, regarding pharmacy school and other higher education admissions' variables were included in this review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Many pharmacy school admissions committees give a majority weight to the traditional cognitive markers of prepharmacy GPA and PCAT scores when selecting viable applicants. Doing so may be problematic due to the magnitude of the relationship between traditional cognitive predictors and pharmacy school performance. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this review, a cogent argument is advanced for the need to examine, in addition to PCAT scores and GPAs, such nontraditional factors as empathy, citizenship, and ethical behavior. This may increase the predictive ability of preadmission factors on pharmacy school didactic and clinical performance. Schools of pharmacy can do this through questionnaires and interviews designed to assess nontraditional variables.
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Bohara, Tanka Prasad, Dimindra Karki, Anuj Parajuli, Shail Rupakheti, and Mukund Raj Joshi. "Haemoconcentration as a predictor of severity in acute pancreatitis." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v4i1.15020.
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Background: Acute pancreatitis is usually a mild and self-limiting disease. About 25 % of patients have severe episode with mortality up to 30%. Early identification of these patients has potential advantages of aggressive treatment at intensive care unit or transfer to higher centre. Several scoring systems are available to predict severity of acute pancreatitis but are cumbersome, take 24 to 48 hours and are dependent on tests that are not universally available. Haematocrit has been used as a predictor of severity of acute pancreatitis but some have doubted its role.Objectives: To study the significance of haematocrit in prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis.Methods: Patients admitted with first episode of acute pancreatitis from February 2014 to July 2014 were included. Haematocrit at admission and 24 hours of admission were compared with severity of acute pancreatitis. Mean, analysis of variance, chi square, pearson correlation and receiver operator characteristic curve were used for statistical analysis.Results: Thirty one patients were included in the study with 16 (51.61%) male and 15 (48.4%) female. Haematocrit at 24 hours of admission was higher in severe acute pancreatitis (P value 0.003). Both haematocrit at admission and at 24 hours had positive correlation with severity of acute pancreatitis (r: 0.387; P value 0.031 and r: 0.584; P value 0.001) respectively.Area under receiver operator characteristic curve for haematocrit at admission and 24 hours were 0.713 (P value 0.175, 95% CI 0.536 - 0.889) and 0.917 (P value 0.008, 95% CI 0.813 – 1.00) respectively.Conclusion: Haematocrit is a simple, cost effective and widely available test and can predict severity of acute pancreatitis.Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 4(1) 2015, 3-7
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Adams, John M., Jaroslaw W. Bilaniuk, Brian K. Siegel, Louis T. Difazio, Robert S. Skerker, Patricio Grob, Mark D. Bobbin, Olando H. Rolandelli, and ZoltÁN H. NÉMeth. "Does Patient Age and Height of Fall Alone Require Trauma Team Activation?" American Surgeon 77, no. 9 (September 2011): 1201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481107700934.
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Our American College of Surgeons Level I trauma center uses physiological data and injury patterns to identify fall patients at risk. We hypothesized that height of fall and patient age impacted injury severity and analyzed if they were significant predictors of the need for trauma team activation. Charts were reviewed from July 1, 2004, to June 30, 2007, for age; sex; Injury Severity Score (ISS); height of fall and admission to the intensive care unit, operating room, stepdown unit, floor; or death. Exclusion criteria were physiological, neurologic, or airway compromise and penetrating neck or torso injuries. ISS was used as a positive control. A total of 1865 fall patients were treated during the period of data collection, and 1348 patients were eliminated by exclusion criteria, leaving 517 patients for study. Although patient age did not correlate with the need for trauma team activation, there was a statistically significant association between age and admission to the hospital from the emergency room ( P < 0.05; area under curve [AUC] = 0.713; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.656 to 0.770). Similarly, although the height of fall alone did not have a significant predictive value for the need of trauma team activation, there was a clear association of the height of fall with hospital admission (AUC = 0.589; 95% CI, 0.519 to 0.658). Patient age and height of fall alone are not criteria for trauma team activation in the absence of physiological, neurologic, or airway compromise.
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Galla, Brian M., Elizabeth P. Shulman, Benjamin D. Plummer, Margo Gardner, Stephen J. Hutt, J. Parker Goyer, Sidney K. D’Mello, Amy S. Finn, and Angela L. Duckworth. "Why High School Grades Are Better Predictors of On-Time College Graduation Than Are Admissions Test Scores: The Roles of Self-Regulation and Cognitive Ability." American Educational Research Journal 56, no. 6 (May 3, 2019): 2077–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831219843292.
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Compared with admissions test scores, why are high school grades better at predicting college graduation? We argue that success in college requires not only cognitive ability but also self-regulatory competencies that are better indexed by high school grades. In a national sample of 47,303 students who applied to college for the 2009/2010 academic year, Study 1 affirmed that high school grades out-predicted test scores for 4-year college graduation. In a convenience sample of 1,622 high school seniors in the Class of 2013, Study 2 revealed that the incremental predictive validity of high school grades for college graduation was explained by composite measures of self-regulation, whereas the incremental predictive validity of test scores was explained by composite measures of cognitive ability.
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Nowacek, G. A., E. Pullen, J. Short, and H. N. Blumner. "Validity of MCAT scores as predictors of preclinical grades and NBME Part I examination scores. Medical College Admission Test. National Board of Medical Examiners." Academic Medicine 62, no. 12 (December 1987): 989–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-198712000-00006.
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Bukur, Marko, Bernardino Castelo Branco, Kenji Inaba, Ramon Cestero, Leslie Kobayashi, Andrew Tang, and Demetrios Demetriades. "The Impact of American College of Surgeons Trauma Center Designation and Outcomes after Early Thoracotomy: A National Trauma Databank Analysis." American Surgeon 78, no. 1 (January 2012): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481207800123.
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Trauma centers are designated by the American College of Surgeons (ACS) into four different levels based on resources, volume, and scientific and educational commitment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ACS center designation and outcomes after early thoracotomy for trauma. The National Trauma Databank (v. 7.0) was used to identify all patients who required early thoracotomy. Demographics, clinical data, and outcomes were extracted. Patients were categorized according to ACS trauma center designation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the impact of ACS trauma center designation on mortality. From 2002 to 2006, 1834 (77.4%) patients were admitted to a Level I ACS verified trauma center, 474 (20.0%) to a Level II, and 59 (3.6%) to a Level III/IV facility. After adjusting for differences between the groups, there were no significant differences in mortality (overall: 53.3% for Level I, 63.1% for Level II, and 52.5% for Level III/IV, adjusted P = 0.417; or for patients arriving in cardiac arrest: 74.9% vs 87.1% vs 85.0%, P = 0.261). Subgroup analysis did not show any significant difference in survival irrespective of mechanism of injury. Glasgow Coma Scale score # 8, Injury Severity Score >16, no admission systolic blood pressure, time from admission to thoracotomy, and nonteaching hospitals were found to be independent predictors of death. For trauma patients who have sustained injuries requiring early thoracotomy, ACS trauma center designation did not significantly impact mortality. Nonteaching institutions however, were independently associated with poorer outcomes after early thoracotomy. These findings may have important implications in educational commitment of institutions. Further prospective evaluation of these findings is warranted.
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Holladay, Steven D., Robert M. Gogal, Parkerson C. Moore, R. Cary Tuckfield, Brandy A. Burgess, and Scott A. Brown. "Predictive Value of Veterinary Student Application Data for Class Rank at End of Year 1." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 3 (August 29, 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7030120.
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Student applications for admission to the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine include the following information: undergraduate grade point average (GPA), GPA in science courses (GPAScience), GPA for the last 45 credit hours (GPALast45hrs), results for the Graduate Record Examination Quantitative and Verbal Reasoning Measures (GRE-QV), results for the GRE Analytical Writing Measure (GRE-AW), and grades received for 10 required prerequisite courses. In addition, three faculty members independently review and score subjective information in applicants’ files (FileScore). The admissions committee determines a composite Admission Score (AdmScore), which is based on GPA, GPAScience, GPALast45hrs, GRE-QV, GRE-AW, and the FileScore. The AdmScore is generally perceived to be a good predictor of class rank at the end of year 1 (CREY1). However, this has not been verified, nor has it been determined which components of the AdmScore have the strongest correlation with CREY1. The present study therefore compared each component of the AdmScore for correlation with CREY1, for the three classes admitted in 2015, 2016 and 2017 (Class15, Class16, Class17). Results suggest that only a few components of the application file are needed to make strong predictive statements about the academic success of veterinary students during the first year of the curriculum.
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Choi, Sung C., Raj K. Narayan, Randy L. Anderson, and John D. Ward. "Enhanced specificity of prognosis in severe head injury." Journal of Neurosurgery 69, no. 3 (September 1988): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.69.3.0381.
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✓ Data from 523 patients admitted to the Medical College of Virginia with severe head injury and known 6-month outcomes were analyzed in order to determine the optimal combination of early-available prognostic factors. Twenty-one prognostic indicators noted in the emergency room at admission were used to predict outcomes into four categories: good, moderately disabled, severely disabled, or vegetative/dead. A combination of the patient's age (in years), the best motor response (graded in the usual six-point scale), and pupillary response (in both eyes) was found to be the most accurate indicator. The model correctly predicted outcome into one of the four outcome categories in 78% of cases (“specifically accurate predictions”). If predictions into an outcome category adjacent to the actual outcome were accepted, this model was accurate in 90% of cases (“grossly accurate predictions”). A set of three simple graphs based on this model can be used for rapid early estimation of probable outcome in a severely head-injured patient at admission.
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Thapa, Pradip, Subodh Gautam, Hemanta Pun, and Anup Sharma. "Red Cell Distribution Width as a Predictor of Severity of Acute Pancreatitis." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v17i2.31648.
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Introduction: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a disorder featured by local and systemic inflammatory response, which manifests as mild, self-limited disorder to severe and sometimes fatal disease. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is reflective of systemic inflammation and has been shown to be effective at predicting severity. This study was aimed to investigate the association between Red cell distribution width as coefficient of variation (RDW -CV) on admission and severity of acute pancreatitis.
Method: This was a hospital based prospective study conducted in the Department of Surgery, Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital for a period of 2 years from July 2017 to June 2019. The patients with acute pancreatitis were categorized into mild, moderate and severe acute pancreatitis. The value of RDW-CV on admission was correlated with the severity of acute pancreatitis.
Results: RDW-CV on admission was significantly correlated with the severity of AP (p value <0.001). Receiver Operating Characterstic (ROC) analysis showed that RDW has very good discriminative power for severe acute pancreatitis [AreaUnder curve (AUC) 0.963, 95% CI, 0.919 to 1.007, p-value <0.001] but not useful to predict mild AP (AUC 0.157, 95% CI, 0.063 to 0.250, p value 0.14) and moderate AP (AUC 0.397, 95% CI, 0.252 to 0.541, p value 0.234). The maximum sensitivity and specificity of detecting severe AP was 95.7% and 91.5% respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) was 84.6% and 97.7% respectively.
Conclusion: RDW-CV width on admission is a predictor of severity in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.
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Kafle, Dilli Ram, and Surendra Shah. "Outcome of Patients with Gullain Barre syndrome at Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal." Journal of Nobel Medical College 6, no. 2 (April 5, 2018): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v6i2.19565.
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Background: Gullain Barre syndrome is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. Early diagnosis and treatment improves survival in patients with Gullain Barre Syndrome.Material and Methods: The purpose of the study was to note the common clinical features and identify predictors of outcome in Patients with Gullain Barre Syndrome. It is a prospective study which was conducted at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital from April 2015 to March 2016.Results: Time between onset of symptoms, presentation to hospital and admission was 5 ± 4 days. Four Patients (20%) gave history of upper respiratory tract infections and 12 (60%) had diarrhoea. Limb weakness was the most common symptom, which was documented in 20 (100%) patients. Other common symptoms were limb paresthesia, limb pain, and bladder dysfunction. Cerebrospinal Fluid protein was raised in 16(80%) patients to more than 45 mg/dl. All of our patients had CSF cell count less than 10. One (5%) patient had normal nerve conduction study initially. Eight (40%) patients had axonal (AMAN) variant of GBS, 3(15%) had AMSAN variant of GBS, while 8(40%) had demyelinating neuropathy (AIDP). The mean duration of hospital stay was7.4 ±2.7 days. Three months after hospital discharge 12(60%) patients achieved complete recovery. Eight (40%) patients still needed some support with ambulation. Predictors of worse outcome were old age, rapid progression of disease and AMSAN variant of GBS.Conclusion: Gullain Barre syndrome is an important cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children and adults. Early diagnosis is based on history of symmetrical limb weakness, CSF Findings and nerve conduction study. Majority of patients improve with supportive care while some develop respiratory failure and needs mechanical intubation. Journal of Nobel Medical College Volume 6, Number 2, Issue 11 (July-December, 2017) Page:20-24
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Mammen, Kitty Elizabeth. "Role of Umbilical and Middle Cerebral Artery Doppler in Predicting Perinatal Outcome in Cases of Preeclampsia." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 04 (January 25, 2021): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/37.
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BACKGROUND One of the most common complications of pregnancy is preeclampsia, characterized by abnormal placental development, leading to inadequate uteroplacental blood flow. Doppler ultrasonography can pick up these abnormalities; thus, it is a useful tool to assess fetal outcome. Objective is to calculate the role of colour Doppler (umbilical and middle cerebral artery) in predicting the perinatal outcome. We wanted to evaluate the application of Doppler ultrasound in analysing the blood flow velocity waveform. METHODS This was a cross sectional study carried out between May 2010 - November 2012 in Obstetrics Department, Yenepoya Medical College, Karnataka, among 150 pregnant women with preeclampsia. RESULTS 49.3 % of patients belonged to 25 - 30 years, 58.7 % were primigravida, and 73.3 % and 26.7 % had mild and severe preeclampsia respectively. Patients with increased resistance umbilical artery Doppler - 63.8 % had babies < 2.5 Kg birth weight, 60.9 % Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes of birth and 67.5 % neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions; absent end diastolic flow - all had birth weight < 2 Kg, 90 % Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes, 1 neonatal death and all required NICU admissions; reversal end diastolic flow - 1 neonatal death, all had birth weight < 2.5 Kg, an Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes and required NICU admission. Patients with abnormal Doppler in middle cerebral artery, 46.2 % were low birth weight and had Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes, 50 % required NICU admissions, but no perinatal mortality. CONCLUSIONS Doppler analysis helps in early detection of uteroplacental and fetoplacental changes and to take decisions for early interventions, like administration of steroids for fetal lung maturity and transferring preterm pregnancies to higher centres for better NICU facilities. Umbilical artery Doppler findings are slightly better predictors of adverse perinatal outcome than an abnormal middle cerebral artery. KEYWORDS Doppler, Preeclampsia, Perinatal Outcome, Umbilical Artery, Middle Cerebral Artery
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Regmi, Shanti, Santosh Pathak, Pusp Raj Awasti, Subhash Bhattarai, and Rajan Poudel. "Outcome of neonates requiring mechanical ventilation in a tertiary hospital." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v8i3.23747.
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Mechanical ventilation is a key therapeutic modality in treatment of sick neonates. Our hospital based retrospective study conducted at Chitwan Medical College (CMC), Nepal over the duration of 2 years, from February 2015 to January 2017, with aims to study the clinical profile, indications, complications and outcome in terms of survival in mechanically ventilated neonates. Total of 119 mechanically ventilated neonates were included in the study. Along with admission and discharge register record, all the patient’s record files were retrieved from the medical record section, necessary details were entered in a predesigned proforma and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS 20 software. Out of 1306 total NICU admission, total 130 were mechanically ventilated, among them only 119 (9.1%) were included in the study. Majority (71.4%) were male. More than half were Preterm (51.3%) and outborn (58%). Most common indication of mechanical ventilation was sepsis followed by Birth asphyxia (BA), respiratory distress syndrome/hyaline membrane disease (RDS/HMD) and Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS). Overall survival was 45(37.8%). Among the indications during the study period, the best survival observed was in birth asphyxia. Shock and Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were the two most common complications encountered during the course of ventilation. Increasing birth weight, higher gestational age and Downes Score at intubation of 6 or < 6 was associated with a better outcome. Shock, multi organ dysfunctions (MODS), and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) were the statistically proven individual predictors of outcome.
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Adebusoye, L. A., M. O. Owolabi, and A. Ogunniyi. "Biomarkers, shock index and modified early warning score among older medical hospital inpatients in Nigeria." South African Family Practice 61, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v61i3.4964.
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Background: Biomarkers, shock index and modified early warning score (MEWS) are of public health importance because identification and prompt attention to them have been found to reduce mortality among older patients on admission.Objectives: A study was undertaken to determine the biomarkers, shock index and MEWS that predict mortality on admission among older medical hospital inpatients.Methods: This was a prospective study of 450 patients (≥ 60 years) on the medical wards of University College Hospital, Ibadan. Biomarkers recommended by the National Institute on Aging such as blood pressure, heart rate and pulse rate (cardiovascular functioning); cholesterol and triglycerides (metabolic processes); T-cell counts (immune system status) and weight, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio (indicators of obesity, chronic metabolic disorders and fat deposits) were assessed. Vital signs were recorded on admission and used to calculate the shock index and MEWS. Multivariate and survival analyses were carried out at p 0.05.Results: Baseline temperature ≥ 39.0°c (p = 0.049), pulse rate ≥ 100 beats/minute (p = 0.034), systolic blood pressure (SBP) 120 mmHg (p = 0.048), shock index ≥1.0 (p = 0.041), age shock index (p = 0.032) and critical illness score (MEWS ≥5) p = 0.019 were significantly associated with mortality. Independent predictors of mortality on Cox regression analysis were temperature ≥ 39.0°C (HR = 3.317 [1.281–8.590]) and SBP 120 mmHg (HR = 1.845 [1.025–3.322]).Conclusion: Prompt identification and management of fever and low blood pressure should improve the survival of older medical hospital inpatients.
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Sudhin, Budhi Nath Adhikari, Sanjit Adhikari, and Sushma Khatiwada. "Epidemiology and outcome of acute burn patients at a new dedicated burn centre in Nepal." Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal 23, no. 1 (December 18, 2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jssn.v23i1.33522.
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Introduction: Burn injury remains one of the biggest health concerns in the developing world. It has been regarded as a formidable public health issue in terms of mortality, morbidity and permanent disability. We aim to provide an overview of the basic epidemiological characteristics of burn patients admitted at a dedicated burn center in Chitwan, Nepal.
Methods: This was a retrospective, hospital-based observational study conducted at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital (CMCTH) burn ward from September 2017 to August 2019. Patients’ records from admission/discharge book, admission/discharge summaries as well as patient’s individual files were reviewed to obtain the necessary data. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes were statistically analyzed.
Results: Among the 202 patients, the number of males slightly predominated that of females with a ratio of 1.02:1. The median age was 24 years, and the median total body surface area (TBSA) burned was 15%. Children less than 10 years comprised one third of all patients while more than one fifth were elderly. The commonest etiological factor was flame burn, closely followed by scald. The mortality rate was 12.38% for the period under review. Majority of the patients spent less than 10 days on admission and around one fifth needed surgical intervention aimed at earlier coverage. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, Body Mass Index (BMI) and total body surface area (TBSA) burnt were the major predictors of burn mortality.
Conclusions: The outcome of burn injuries is poor. Appropriate preventive & therapeutic measures need to be taken in terms of social education & provision of quality healthcare to reduce the incidence & improve the survival outcome of burn patients which should focus on children and elderly especially during the winter season.
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Daniel, Dominique. "Students Taking Numerous Honours Courses in High School Have Higher Information Literacy Levels." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 10, no. 3 (September 13, 2015): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8ck5x.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Fabbi, J. L. (2015). Fortifying the pipeline: A quantitative exploration of high school factors impacting the information literacy of first-year college students. College & Research Libraries, 76(1), 31-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.76.1.31
Abstract
Objective – To assess the impact of students’ high school performances on the development of their information literacy (IL) competency.
Design – Statistical analysis of test performance.
Setting – A large public university in the United States of America.
Subjects – 93 first-time college freshmen. Of these, 46% had been admitted on a probationary status due to GPA under the required 3.0 (“alternate admits”), and 61% had not declared a major (“exploring majors”). 39% identified as Caucasian, 25% as Hispanic, 22% as African American, and 15% as Asian. 84% declared that their best language was English only.
Methods – Participants were self-selected freshmen who enrolled into programs offered by the university’s Academic Success Center. They took the iSkills test, an online evaluation of information literacy competencies developed by the Educational Testing Service, and provided background data on their high school experience. Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the researcher evaluated predictors of iSkills score variance among a range of high school experiences: core high school GPA, number of honours classes taken in high school, and number of research projects or assignments in high school. The analysis controlled for gender, best language, race, and admission status as either alternate admit or exploring major.
Main Results – Participants’ mean iSkills scores was below the minimum passing score for the test. There was a significant positive correlation between iSkills scores and exploring major status, core high school GPA, and having taken 5 to 12 honours courses. There was a negative correlation between iSkills scores and language other than English, Asian race, alternate admission status, and having had 1 to 4 honours courses. Among the background variables, the most significant predictor of a student’s iSkills score was his or her best language, followed by race. After controlling for these variables, the most important factors were students’ high school GPAs and the number of honors courses taken.
Conclusion – The researcher discovered that the number of honours courses taken in high school is a strong predictor of information literacy competency as measured by the iSkills test. This remains true when controlling for race and other background factors. This finding is consistent with the assumption that high school teachers of honours courses believe their students to be capable of learning higher-order skills and therefore adopt a constructivist pedagogy, and that such pedagogy promotes the development of information literacy skills. Yet the number of high school research projects or assignments could not be statistically correlated to information literacy competency. In subsequent focus groups, students who had taken fewer honours courses expressed test anxiety, while students who had taken numerous honours courses expressed their determination to get the correct answer. This may inform one surprising result of the study: that students who took 13 or more honours courses in high school did not score significantly better on the iSkills test than those who took 5 to 12 courses.
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Shaw, Graham P., and Jonathan Coffman. "Components of an Evidence-Based Analytic Rubric for Use in Medical School Admissions." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 107, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/16-008.
Full textAbstract:
Attrition from medical school remains a serious cause of concern for the medical education community. Thus, there is a need to improve our ability to select only those candidates who will succeed at medical school from many highly qualified and motivated applicants. This can be achieved, in part, by reducing the reliance on cognitive factors and increasing the use of noncognitive character traits in high-stakes admissions decisions. Herein we describe an analytic rubric that combines research-derived predictors of medical school success to generate a composite score for use in admissions decisions. The analytic rubric as described herein represents a significant step toward evidenced-based admissions that will facilitate a more consistent and transparent qualitative evaluation of medical school applicants beyond their grades and Medical College Admissions Test scores and contribute to a redesigned and improved admissions process.
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Mazharul Islam, Mohammad, Asma Al-Ghassani, and Ahmed Y.S. Al-Hadhrami. "An Evaluation of the Mathematics Foundation Course in Sultan Qaboos University: Does High School Performance Matter?" Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 22, no. 2 (January 28, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol22iss2pp96-105.
Full textAbstract:
Although the mathematics foundation program was introduced in Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) half a decade ago, there has been no evaluation or assessment of the program. The aim of this study was to evaluate the students’ performance in the Mathematics foundation course in SQU and to examine the predictive value of a student’s high school performance for success in the math foundation course. The study considered a sample of 551 students who took the math course (MATH2107) during 2014 Spring semester. More than 95% of the students were admitted to SQU with a high school score of 80 and above. The analysis revealed that, in general, female students were admitted to SQU with a significantly higher average high school score than the male students. The findings indicate a very unsatisfactory performance of the students in the mathematics foundation course as the mean GPA was 1.66 and more than half (59%) of the students obtained a GPA less than 2 (i.e. below grade C), of which 14% failed and 35% obtained grade D. Female students outperformed male students in the mathematics course. High school mathematics performance, gender and cohort of students were identified as significant predictors of success in the mathematics foundation course. To increase the success rate of the mathematics course, the high school curriculum needs to be aligned with the University standards and the admission authority should continue to give more attention to high school mathematics scores along with overall high school performance while making admission decisions for the College of Science in SQU.
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., Sambedna, Amit Kumar, and Rita Chakore. "Correlation of nucleated red blood cell count with neonatal intensive care unit admission." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 11 (October 21, 2020): 2225. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20204551.
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Background: Perinatal asphyxia should be diagnosed, when baby goes on to develop hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy which has shown to be much more reliable indicator of long term handicap than any other perinatal markers like non reassuring FHR, Apgar score, meconium stained amniotic fluid and blood acid base status of fetus. Since NRBC is related to hematopoietic response to hypoxia it predicts the chance of neurological sequelae and NICU admission. The aim of our study to analyze the significant relationship of NRBC count and NICU admission.Methods: This was a retrospective comparative study conducted in department of OBG, Patna medical college and Hospital between December 2013 to November 2015 in tertiary care health centre. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected from 100 newborns with asphyxia at birth out of which 56 were admitted in NICU taken as study group and rest 44 asphyxiated babies were not admitted in NICU were taken as control group. NRBC per 100 WBC was counted in Cord blood sample from all babies.Results: This shows that average count of NRBC/100 WBC in the study with NICU admission was 27.37+7.25. Average count in the study group with no NICU admission was 23.93+6.04. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: This study concludes that NRBC count correlate well with fetal asphyxia and finally NICU admission. Early detection leads to decrease neurological morbidity and mortality among survivors.
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Drasar, Emma, Sarah A. Bennett, Nisha Vasavda, and Swee Lay Thein. "Predictors of Length of Stay and Time to Readmission in Adult Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Single Institution Experience in the UK." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 2130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2130.2130.
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Abstract Abstract 2130 Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterised by chronic hemolytic anemia and recurrent acute clinical events. The most common cause of hospital attendance is acute pain and in our patient population it accounts for 84% of all admissions. Financial pressure has led to an interest in the factors affecting length of stay (LOS) and readmission rate (RAR). The 30 day RAR has been highlighted by the UK government as a care standard. In the UK general hospital population the 30 day RAR is 6.5% of all admissions with an estimated cost to the NHS of £1.6 billion/year. A study in the US showed RAR to be 33.4% in the sickle cell population, with a lower rate in children (23%). In SCD multiple factors have been postulated to influence RAR and LOS including patient demographics (e.g. sex and socio-economic status), and hospital variables (hospital status). This retrospective study aims to assess the clinical factors which affect LOS and RAR in the SCD population at a busy London teaching hospital. Methods: The study group consisted of 505 adult patients who were recorded on the King's College Hospital Sickle Cell Database between 1st of January 2009 and 31st of December 2010. The Electronic Patient Record was examined for patient ward, dates of admission and discharge, time to hematology review and time to readmission (TTR) were calculated. Patients with SCD are primarily cared for by hematology however, out of hours, patients may be initially admitted under another medical team and then have their care transferred to the hematology team. Red blood cell units transfused and time to first transfusion were recorded for each event. Data were analyzed statistically using t-tests or Mann-Whitney-U for binary variables (e.g. sex), and Spearman's rank test for continuous variables (e.g. age). TTR was analysed as a binary (≤30 days or >30 days) and continuous variable. Results: The cohort of 505 patients included 299 (60%) female and 206 (40%) male. Mean age was 35 years (range 18–80). 315 patients (63%) had HbSS and 9 (2%) had HbSβ0, 160 (32%) HbSC and 21 (4%) HbSβ+. 207 of the 505 patients had a total of 586 admissions over the study period (mean 3 admissions/ patient, range 1–19). 156 (75%) of the admitted patients had HbSS or HbSβ0 (SCA), 47 (23%) HbSC and 4 (2%) HbSB+. Age of the admission group ranged from 18–80 years (mean 33). LOS ranged from 0 – 116 (mean 7, median 5) days. 45% (264/586) of all admissions could be accounted for by 7% of patients and 83% (489/586) of admissions were patients with SCA. There were 279 readmissions during the study period, (100 [36%] within 30 days) by 83 patients. 72/83 (87%) of readmitted patients had SCA compared to 10/83 (4%) HbSC. Of readmissions within 30 days 95% were by patients with SCA. Further analysis was limited to the SCA group. Female patients had a significantly longer LOS (median 5 days) than male patients (4 days) p = 0.002. There was significant correlation between LOS and TTR (R = 0.11 p=0.03). Patients admitted directly under the hematology team or who were transferred to their care had a significantly longer LOS (5 days) than those who were never admitted under hematology (2 days) p <0.0001. Patients admitted to the hematology wards also had a significantly longer LOS (5 days) compared with those on wards belonging to other specialities (4 days) p = 0.008. Delay to review by the hematology team correlated significantly with increased LOS (R = 0.12 p = 0.02) as does delay to transfusion (R = 0.45 p <0.0001). Interestingly delay to review by the hematology team appears to delay transfusion (R = 0.23 p = 0.011). The number of transfused units also correlated significantly with both LOS (R=0.39 p <0.0001) and an increase in time to readmission (R=0.136 p=0.008). Conclusion: There are a disproportionate number of admissions by patients with SCA who also had a greater proportion of readmissions, reflecting the relative severity of this condition compared to HbSC. These results also highlight that there is a small cohort of patients with relatively more severe disease who have an increased LOS and increased requirement for intervention in the form of transfusion. Delay to review and therefore the decision to transfuse also appears to increase LOS, although involvement of the hematology team does not reduce it. Increased LOS and receiving transfusion treatment do appear to be associated with a delay in time to readmission. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Bhuiyan, Md M., and M. S. Mohammad. "Outcomes of Neonates with Perinatal Asphyxia at a Tertiary Academic Hospital." Journal of Medical Science & Research 24, Number 1 (January 1, 2015): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/jmsr.2015.v2401.02.
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Perinatal asphyxia causes about 0.92 million newborn death annually world wide and it is about 21% of the neonatal mortality in Bangladesh which is second to death due to severe infections and its related death. The Retrospective observational study was done to evaluate the outcome of perinatal asphyxia in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital.from October 2013 to December 2014. Total 327 asphyxiated neonates full filling the inclusion criteria admitted in NICU (both in born & out born, term and preterm). Out of these 59% male patients and 41 % female term, 22% of the asphyxiated patient term unit and 77% preterm. Total deaths among these were 27. Out of these 2 deaths belongs to term units also had some associated neonatal infections and 25 deaths belongs to preterm who had also some other complications related to prematurity. The study results show that predictors of survival were mode of delivery, place of birth and resuscitation at birth. Elective caesarean section was associated with improved outcomes. The study confirms that perinatal asphyxia remains a significant problem at HFRCMCH. The high overall survival and survival after NICU admission provide a benchmark for further care.
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Ursini, Francesco, Jacopo Ciaffi, Luana Mancarella, Lucia Lisi, Veronica Brusi, Carlotta Cavallari, Martina D’Onghia, et al. "Fibromyalgia: a new facet of the post-COVID-19 syndrome spectrum? Results from a web-based survey." RMD Open 7, no. 3 (August 2021): e001735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001735.
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ObjectivePostacute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) is an emerging entity characterised by a large array of manifestations, including musculoskeletal complaints, fatigue and cognitive or sleep disturbances. Since similar symptoms are present also in patients with fibromyalgia (FM), we decided to perform a web-based cross-sectional survey aimed at investigating the prevalence and predictors of FM in patients who recovered from COVID-19.MethodsData were anonymously collected between 5 and 18 April 2021. The collection form consisted of 28 questions gathering demographic information, features and duration of acute COVID-19, comorbid diseases, and other individual’s attributes such as height and weight. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Survey Criteria and the Italian version of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire completed the survey.ResultsA final sample of 616 individuals (77.4% women) filled the form 6±3 months after the COVID-19 diagnosis. Of these, 189 (30.7%) satisfied the ACR survey criteria for FM (56.6% women). A multivariate logistic regression model including demographic and clinical factors showed that male gender (OR: 9.95, 95% CI 6.02 to 16.43, p<0.0001) and obesity (OR: 41.20, 95% CI 18.00 to 98.88, p<0.0001) were the strongest predictors of being classified as having post-COVID-19 FM. Hospital admission rate was significantly higher in men (15.8% vs 9.2%, p=0.001) and obese (19.2 vs 10.8%, p=0.016) respondents.ConclusionOur data suggest that clinical features of FM are common in patients who recovered from COVID-19 and that obesity and male gender affect the risk of developing post-COVID-19 FM.
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Doyle, Elizabeth Ann, Deborah Fahs, and Linda Honan. "Admission academic metrics and later success in an accelerated master’s entry program." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 10, no. 1 (September 23, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v10n1p33.
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Background: Accelerated master’s entry programs for non-nurse college graduates leading to advanced practice, which are both rigorous and fast-paced, utilize academic metrics to evaluate prospective candidates, including GRE scores and GPA levels. Because this program saw an increased rate of failure from the program (with medical-surgical nursing being associated with > 93% of failures), the aim of this study was to examine if either of these metrics were associated with later success in the program.Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study analyzed admission metrics and first year academic performance to determine if any criteria were associated with academic success. Data collected included age, gender, race, ethnicity, GPA, GREs and scores on the seven required courses in the first 25 weeks. T-tests, correlations, ANOVAs and multiple regression were used to determine if any significant relationships existed.Results: Admission data from 333 students revealed no differences in the mean GPA related to academic success. Student who failed out of the program had significantly lower GRE quantitative, verbal, and writing scores. Additionally, quantitative and verbal scores correlated with exam scores on many didactic courses, and explained 25.4% of the variance in the first medical-surgical exam scores (p < .001), with GRE quantitative scores having the most effect.Conclusions: This study demonstrated verbal and quantitative scores were the only predictor of academic success suggesting admission offices should reconsider whether this current trend of omitting GREs is meeting the needs of students, faculty, universities and the public at large.