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Chen, Chih-Ken. "Predisposing factors to methamphetamine psychosis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274936.
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David, Beverley Mari. "Insomnia : predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5341/.
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Context: The aim of this research was to identify whether the underlying cognitive mechanisms suggested to contribute to the maintenance of depression are present in a community sample of people who report insomnia. Design: In a cross section study, rumination, inhibition and set switching cognitive processes were compared in a community sample of 79 participants aged 18-59 years. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used to identify subjective ‘good’ and ‘poor sleepers’. Using Morin et al., (2011) recommendations, a cutoff score of 10 was used to differentiate between this community sample of good (n = 43) and poor(n = 36) sleepers. Measures: Assessments included: the ISI; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Epworth Sleepiness Scale; The Ruminative Response Styles questionnaire; Pre Sleep Arousal Scale; Spielberger’s State/Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. The task-switching paradigm described by Mayr and Keele (2000), was used to design a computer-based program to obtain an index of set shifting and an index of inhibition of previously relevant information. Main findings: Between group comparisons were made using a one-way ANOVA. Data replicated previous findings showing people with poor sleep differ significantly in their psychological makeup compared to good sleepers. Data show a distinct psychological profile that has been found in previous research when comparing a community sample of people with and without poor sleep.
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Thomson, Mary Ellen. "Factors predisposing to difficult labour in primiparas." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72043.
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A definition of difficult labour was developed after reviewing the literature, consulting with experts, and examining alternatives. Difficult labour, in primiparas, was defined as either prolonged labour with vaginal delivery, longer than 15 hours from admission to full dilatation, or cesarean section after admission for uncomplicated labour. This measure proved, to a satisfactory degree, practical, reliable and valid.A study of predisposing factors, measured prior to labour onset, was conducted in 1,125 primiparas at two hospitals, a community hospital and a high-risk referral hospital. Analysis was restricted to 781 primiparas, admitted to hospital for uncomplicated (spontaneous) labour. Rates of difficult labour were 17% at the community hospital and 24% at the high-risk referral hospital. Rates of cesarean section were in keeping with high rates reported elsewhere, but rates of prolonged labour were higher than expected. Anxiety about childbirth, as self reported prior to labour onset, was not found to predispose to difficult labour, nor was lack of attendance at childbirth education classes. Factors predisposing to difficult labour, at both hospitals, were short maternal height (p = 0.01) and heavy body mass index, kg/m('2) (p = 0.01). Further research is needed, using a reliable measure of difficult labour, to clarify reasons for labour differences between women and hospitals.
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Bahar, Rayeheh. "Hyperhidrosis : prevalence, predisposing factors, and psychological comorbidities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58948.
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Background: Hyperhidrosis (HH) is a disorder in which patient suffers from excessive sweating without any known etiology such as the rise in temperature. Although there have been some epidemiological studies on hyperhidrosis, questions still remain regarding the prevalence of hyperhidrosis and associated demographical, ethnic or geographical factors. Similarly, the association of hyperhidrosis with anxiety and depression has not been systematically investigated. Finally, the relationship between daytime hyperhidrosis and nighttime sweating has not been examined.
Methods: One thousand and ten consecutive subjects attending dermatology outpatient clinics in Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital and 1017 subjects in Skin Care Center of Vancouver General Hospital were investigated for this case-control, cross-sectional study after filling out a questionnaire on their presenting concerns, demographical information and mental stress and sweating symptoms. The subjects were then classified to have primary HH subtypes using the criteria of International Hyperhidrosis Society, late onset hyperhidrosis, or no-HH. Then the prevalence of HH and its correlation with anxiety, depression and NS was examined in both single variants and multivariate logistic regression analyses, stratified according to age at examination, sex, ethnicity, presenting diagnosis, BMI, and specific study cities.
Results: The prevalence of total HH is very similar in Shanghai and Vancouver (about 18%). Primary HH subtypes have the highest prevalence in those younger than 30 years old, decreasing dramatically in later years. Caucasian subjects are more likely to develop axillary hyperhidrosis compared to Chinese subjects. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 21.3% and 27.2% in hyperhidrosis patients, respectively, and 7.5% and 9.7% in patients without hyperhidrosis. Among the effects of ethnicity, mental stress symptoms and HH, which are correlated with NS, HH is the most associated factor with NS as more than half of the patients with HH suffer from NS.
Conclusion: Prevalence of total HH is similar in different geographical locations.
However, certain specific HH subtypes can show great variations according to ethnicity, age, body mass index and sex and based on the severity of sweating. Similar to NS, both anxiety and depression were more prevalent in patients with HH, than those without HH.Medicine, Faculty of
Experimental Medicine, Division of
Medicine, Department of
Graduate
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Leavy, Breiffni. "Fall-Related Hip Fracture : Predisposing and Precipitating Factors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kirurgiska vetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-247286.
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A physically inactive lifestyle is a predisposing risk factor for fall-related hip fracture. The circumstances, or precipitating factors, surrounding hip fractures are, however, not well understood, a factor of relevance for Swedish adults who have one of the highest hip fracture risks in the world. The aims of this thesis, therefore, were: to explore perceptions of physical activity (PA) among older adults, to describe the circumstances surrounding hip fracture events and the health characteristics of those who experience them. Four observational studies were conducted involving qualitative, epidemiological and mixed method designs. Participants in study I were recruited from community settings in Stockholm and Dublin (n=30). Studies II-IV (sample sizes, n=484, n=125, n=477) were based on a population-based sample of people admitted to Uppsala University hospital due to hip fracture. Study IV also incorporated the background population of Uppsala county in 2010 (n=117 494). Analysis of PA perceptions in study I revealed that PA which is functional nature is perceived as most meaningful among certain participants. The uptake of PA in later years was a means of creating a new self-identify and being active in outdoor environments was an important culture-specific motivator to PA among Swedish participants. Analysis of hip fractures patterns in studies II-III showed that: hip fractures among psychotropic drug users were twice as likely to occur during night-time hours compared to those occurring among people not receiving these drugs. Additionally, the fall-related hip fractures of community dwellers with poorest health and function tended to occur indoors during positional changes. In study IV, all categories of disease (according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) were seen to be positively associated with hip fracture. Cardiovascular disease and previous injury (including previous fracture) posed the highest relative and absolute fracture risks. Detailed investigation of hip fracture circumstances reveal patterns in health and functional characteristics, which provide information regarding predisposing and precipitating factors for these events. This knowledge, in combination with findings regarding PA perceptions, can be used when identifying individuals at high risk for hip fracture and when tailoring fracture prevention at an individual level to those at risk.
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Richards, Anna. "Genetic factors predisposing to the haemolytic uraemic syndrome." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289212.
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Raza, Muhammad Waqar. "Viral infections as predisposing factors for bacterial meningitis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20135.
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Epidemiological data suggest that viral infections might be predisposing factors for bacterial meningitis and carriage of type b Haemophilus influenzae (Hib), Neisseria meningitidis or Streptococcus pneumoniae, the three pathogens most commonly associated with bacterial meningitis. Non-secretors of ABO blood group antigens are over-represented among patients with bacterial meningitis and in populations affected by some outbreaks. The first objective of the study was to examine the hypothesis that non-secretors were also over-represented among patients with respiratory viral infections. Compared with the local population, there was a significantly higher proportion of secretors among patients with disease due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A virus, rhinovirus and ECHO virus. The hypothesis that Leb and/or H-type 1 antigens present on cells or in body fluids of secretors might be receptor(s) for RSV was examined. Affinity purified molecules with Leb or H type 1 determinants or synthetic receptor analogues did not decrease the infectivity of RSV for HEp-2 cells. Bacterial attachment to mucosal surfaces is an important prerequisite for infection. The second major objective was to assess the effect of RSV infection of HEp-2 cells (a human epithelial cell line) on binding of bacteria responsible for meningitis. Binding of bacteria labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to HEp-2 cells and RSV-infected HEp-2 cells was compared by flow cytometry. Strains of meningococci (3) and Hib (5) expressing antigens of different serogroups, serotypes and subtypes and a strain of Staphylococcus aureus bound significantly more effectively to virus infected cells. Similar patterns of increased binding of unlabelled meningococci to monolayers of RSV-infected cells were also observed. Studies to identify the changes on the cell surface associated with RSV infection responsible for enhanced binding were carried out with one strain of meningococcus. Viral infection of HEp-2 cells did not enhance the expression of Lewisa antigen, a proposed receptor for bacteria in non-secretors. Monoclonal antibodies to the attachment glycoprotein G of RSV decreased the bacterial binding to infected HEp-2 cells; but monoclonal antibodies to the fusion glycoprotein F did not affect binding.
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Monzani, Benedetta. "Predisposing and maintaining factors in OCD and hoarding disorder." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/predisposing-and-maintaining-factors-in-ocd-and-hoarding-disorder(428674c4-39e2-4980-b192-d69abff4cb6c).html.
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Background: The causes of Hoarding Disorder, a newly recognised psychiatric disorder, are unknown. A number of recent twin studies have suggested that hoarding symptoms are heritable but heritability estimates vary across studies and the reasons for this remain unclear. Findings from two recent twin studies have suggested a dynamic picture with age- and gender-specific risk factors accounting for the variation across studies. Aim: The present systematic review aims to provide the first, comprehensive, and up-to-date review of twin studies of hoarding symptoms, with a view of clarifying and shedding light on gender- and age-related changes in heritability for HD. Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to March 2016 using relevant key search and MeSH terms, according to PRISMA guidelines. The quality of studies was assessed using a revised 11-items checklist for cross-sectional/prevalence studies assessing the three major domains of risk of bias. Results: a total of six studies met inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of included studies was moderate-to-high for selection and methodological bias, but overall poor for confounding bias. Genetic factors play an important role in the aetiology of hoarding symptoms across all studies. Genetic factors seem to play a stable and significant role for male hoarding behaviours. For women, on the other hand, these influences appear to vary across development, with shared environmental factors predisposing young females to hoarding symptoms and genes playing a more influential role only later in life. Conclusions: hoarding symptoms are moderately heritable; the extent of genetic influences on hoarding however is likely to change during development and differ between genders. The current review supports genetic research and further examination of environmental factors predisposing individuals to hoarding symptoms. More research, including longitudinal twin studies, is needed to conclusively identify and compare risk factors for hoarding across genders and age groups.
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Chen, Kun, and 陈坤. "Identification of genetic predisposing factors for skeletal class II malocclusions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45891552.
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Barribeau, Seth. "Environmental, social, and genetic factors predisposing Xenopus laevis tadpoles to infection." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1868.
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This work examines the ecological, social and genetic factors that predispose amphibians to infection. In the last 30 years many amphibian populations have declined due to infectious disease, although few researchers have studied the factors involved in mediating amphibian infection. My research is designed to explore some of these factors. I first examined the effects of crowding, kin composition (the relatedness of individuals in a group), and habitat complexity on the growth and survival of Xenopus laevis tadpoles exposed to the bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. In tadpoles, stress, and in particular corticosterone, a hormone associated with stress, is known to inhibit growth. Crowding, kin composition, and habitat complexity have all been linked to tadpole growth. As corticosterone exposure is also linked to reduced immune function, I examined how these ecological factors influence tadpoles' disease resistance. Tadpoles exposed to the bacterium were significantly smaller and more likely to die than control tadpoles. Tadpoles reared only with siblings (pure sibship groups) were larger, less variable in size, and had lower mortality rates than tadpoles reared in mixed sibship groups. The size difference between pure and mixed sibship groups was greatest when they were exposed to the pathogen. Habitat complexity reduced size variation within tanks but did not affect mean tadpole size. Mixed kinship composition and high tadpole density can increase competition, reduce growth, and increase disease susceptibility. These results indicate that growth was inhibited by pathogen exposure but kin association may ameliorate this effect. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is an integral part of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. To determine the importance of the MHC in conferring disease resistance in amphibians, I challenged X. laevis tadpoles, bearing different combinations of four MHC haplotypes (f, g, j, and r), with A. hydrophila in two experiments. Exposure to A. hydrophila affected the growth and survival of these tadpoles and that the MHC moderated these effects. Tadpoles with two MHC haplotypes (r and g) were susceptible to this pathogen and tadpoles with the other two haplotypes (f and j) were resistant. Heterozygous tadpoles with both susceptible and resistant haplotypes were always intermediate to either homozygotes in size and survival. These results demonstrate that MHC genotype plays a major role in determining the impact of bacterial pathogens on the growth and survival of X. laevis tadpoles. To test whether the effect of exposure to pathogens differs according to the similarity of the hosts I challenged tadpoles with natural levels of the microorganisms associated with different MHC genotypes by exposing the tadpoles to water preconditioned by adults of different MHC genotypes. If the pathogens are adapted to the MHC genotype of their hosts, tadpoles exposed to water from adults with which they shared MHC haplotypes would be more susceptible than those exposed to water from MHC-dissimilar adults. Alternatively, if the hosts are adapted to their pathogens tadpoles may be more resistant to pathogens from MHC-similar frogs than those from MHC-dissimilar frogs. I found that tadpoles exposed to water from MHC-dissimilar animals developed faster, but without increased growth, and were more likely to die than those exposed to water from MHC-similar animals. Furthermore, there was an optimal difference between the tadpoles’ and the donors’ MHC where tadpoles were sufficiently different to the donor to defend against its locally adapted pathogens, and sufficiently similar to not be exposed to especially virulent foreign pathogens. Finally, I present an inventory of bacteria found in the gut and skin (nonsystemic sites) and heart, muscle, and abdominal cavity (systemic sites) of captive frogs. I found several species of bacteria previously identified as amphibian pathogens and many bacteria in systemic sites that have not been considered pathogenic to amphibians. None of the frogs tested positive for the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. I discuss the potential importance of these species of bacteria as amphibian pathogens and as protective probiotics, using New Zealand frogs as a case study. In its sum, this work describes some of the factors that can affect amphibians’ ability to resist disease. I show that the genetic constitution of an individual, specifically in terms of the MHC, affects the impact of a disease, and so too does its social and ecological conditions, including the level of crowding, the kinship of its groupmates and the specific microbial challenges of its immediate environment. I also show that many of the factors linked to tadpole growth and development that are well described in other amphibians also affect Xenopus tadpoles.
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Ekenman, Ingrid. "Tibia stress fractures in athletes : an investigation of possible predisposing factors /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19980515eken.
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McPheron-Alex, Theda 1954. "Predisposing cultural factors among American Indian populations related to cancer occurrence." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278545.
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Cancer during the twentieth century has become a major universal health concern. The American Indian population, too, has experienced both a dramatic rise in cancer rates and different patterns of cancer among tribal groups. The purpose of this thesis is to discuss various factors including culture that impact cancer in American Indian populations. A literature review that provides cancer data, including rates, risk factors, and American Indian responses to cancer is presented in the opening chapters. In addition, results of a qualitative exploratory research involving a sample from the Pasqua Yaqui Tribe of Southern Arizona and a non-Indian sample from the Community Hospice Program of Tucson are presented. Data from both groups are analyzed, compared, and summarized.
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Doggart, Lance. "Intrinsic and extrinsic factors predisposing female student dance teachers to injury." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2004. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5625/.
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Pirmohamed, Munir. "A mechanistic investigation of the predisposing factors for idiosyncratic drug reactions." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333552.
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Kallin, Kristina. "Falls in older people in geriatric care settings : predisposing and precipitating factors." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-307.
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Huovinen, Elisa. "An epidemiological study of occurrence, prognosis and predisposing factors of adult asthma." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kansa/vk/huovinen/.
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Mokbel, Carine. "An exploratory study of predisposing factors for eating disorders in adolescent girls." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43594.
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Research efforts in the area of eating disorders have been numerous and varied. However, few studies have investigated the existence of specific predisposing factors that could render a young female adolescent more susceptible to developing an eating disorder. The present study was attempted in an effort to fill this knowledge gap. One hundred and fifty nine, 12 to 14 year old female students not known as having an eating disorder, were surveyed at a public school in Roanoke County, Virginia. The participants were asked to complete four different instruments which were: The Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, the Children's Assertiveness Inventory, the Nutrition Questionnaire designed by the researchers and the Eating Disorder Inventory or EDl. Correlational statistics were used to identify any significant relationships between the first three instruments and the ED!. Significant relationships were identified, suggesting the existence of specific factors related to tendencies toward eating disorders as assessed by the EDI.
Among these factors were: poor self-concept and body image, obesity and weight problems, active interest or involvement in dieting as well as certain familial behaviors. The results of this research effort will hopefully be used in designing educational programs for the prevention of eating disorders, as well as for enhancing the detection of these disorders. Further research needs will also be suggested.Master of Science
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Klossek, Ulrike. "The role of goals and goal orientation as predisposing factors for depression." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18339.
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Part I: Systematic Literature Review. Dysregulation of the motivational and incentive functions that underlie goal setting and goal pursuit is thought to be a key factor implicated in the aetiology of Major Depressive Disorder. Although research over the past two decades has shown that motivational and cognitive factors can play an important role in increasing negative affect and making individuals vulnerable to depression, much of this work has involved dysphoric and non-depressed samples and much less is known about their role in the maintenance of and recovery from clinical depression. The objective of the present study was therefore to identify and synthesize the evidence from studies that examined goals, goal pursuit and goal orientation in clinically depressed individuals. Only 9 studies meeting the inclusion criteria could be identified through systematic literature searches and were heterogeneous in design and quality. The results therefore do not allow strong conclusions to be drawn and need to be interpreted with caution. Bearing this caveat in mind, the findings did not support the idea that depressed individuals set fewer, less valued or more avoidant personal goals than non-depressed individual and suggested that problems were more likely to lie in the motivational and cognitive processes governing goal engagement and goal pursuit. Factors identified by the present studies likely to play a significant role in disrupting motivational processes and promoting maladaptive strategies of goal pursuit were perceived goal attainability, perceived lack of control, personal resources and skills required, type of goal focus, lack of goal specificity and goal engagement and disengagement processes. The results of two randomised clinical trials further suggested that therapies focusing on goal dysregulation in patients identified to lack adaptive strategies for goal pursuit and goal reengagement may be more effective than standard models. These findings identified promising areas for future research and highlight the importance of understanding individual profiles and subtypes of depression in order to target key areas of dysregulation and tailor treatment accordingly and in collaboration with the patient. The review highlighted the paucity of good quality studies involving samples of clinically depressed individuals and the need for more translational work focusing on clinically significant outcomes and developing reliable measures to assess day-to-day goal engagement and pursuit in depressed individuals. Abstract - Part II: Empirical paper. Goal orientation theory suggests that adopting a self-worth goal orientation (seeking self-validation and avoiding proof of worthlessness) may make individuals more vulnerable to depression, whereas pursuing learning goals (seeking personal growth and improving one's abilities) might represent a protective factor. This study examined whether adopting different goal orientations following negative performance feedback and unfavourable social comparison affected mood and performance on a subsequent performance task. Trait goal orientation was assessed in a sample of 86 U.K. university students who were allocated to three experimental groups receiving self-worth goal, learning goal and no instructions after receiving negative feedback on the first performance task. The findings provided some support for the original predictions of goal orientation theory (Dykman, 1998). Validation-seeking was associated with greater anticipatory anxiety following a negative event as well as reduced confidence when faced with a performance challenge. However, the results provided no substantial evidence to suggest that adopting a 'state' learning goal orientation vs. self-worth goal orientation mitigates the experience of negative affect or helplessness responses. Potential implications of the findings regarding the utility of the goal orientation construct as a predictor of depression vulnerability are discussed in the light of methodological limitations of the present study.
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Saleem, Gulbeena. "Necrotic enteritis, disease induction, predisposing factors and novel biochemical markers in broiler chickens." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4372/.
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Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an important enteric disease in poultry production that has re-emerged as a major problem following an EU wide ban on the use of in-feed antimicrobials. Although the primary aetiological agent of disease is Clostridium perfringens type A, a commensal in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of chickens, numerous additional influential factors have been reported that can predispose chickens to NE. These precipitating factors mainly include diet, co-infection with other pathogens particularly coccidia, as well as environmental and management factors. Despite being first described almost more than 50 years ago, a reliable, consistently reproducible experimental model for NE induction is still lacking. Here, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the importance of the various potential predisposing factors, in isolation and in combination, that are believed to play a role in sub-clinical NE development: feed withdrawal, dietary protein sources, co- infection with coccidia, C. perfringens dose and contact with reused litter. In addition, chicken breed sensitivity to NE was assessed, and last, but not least, blood and gut tissue samples were used to identify novel biochemical markers for sub-clinical NE. Chapter 3 reports an experiment showing that feed withdrawal up to 24 hrs in experimentally challenged birds did not result in NE specific lesions. Chapter 4 shows that replacing dietary soyabean meal with potato protein concentrate or canola meal or adding synthetic trypsin inhibitor to the soyabean meal control diet did not induce sub-clinical NE in birds housed on reused litter, a natural source of C. perfringens challenge. Chapter 5 describes that in vitro growth of C. perfringens on in vitro digested grower diets was prolonged following the addition of fishmeal, suggesting that the role of fish meal as a predisposing factor for in vivo sub-clinical NE cannot be excluded. All subsequent diets therefore contained high levels of fish meal. When this was used in combination with high dose of coccidial vaccine, a repeated in-feed challenge for three days at 102 colony forming units (cfu) C. perfringens per g feed did not result in sub-clinical NE, though at 109 cfu/g resulted in 10% of challenged birds (3 out of 30) showing NE-specific lesions (Chapter 6). Further study is needed to determine if the two Ross birds with gross NE lesions compared to the one Hubbard bird (out of 15 birds each) was due to a lower level of NE resistance. 3 The failure to significantly induce sub-clinical NE in the previous experiments suggests that challenging the birds with C. perfringens in the isolated presence of suspected predisposing factors may not provide a suitable experimental model. Indeed, when birds were dosed twice daily with 108 cfu C. perfringens for three days in the presence of high levels of fishmeal, canola meal as main protein source, coccidial and IBD vaccinations, and feed withdrawal prior to challenge, 40.6% of the challenged birds developed lesions of sub-clinical NE without inducing mortality (Chapter 7). This concurred with reduced growth performance relative to the sham-infected control birds, and thus is a successful model for induction of sub-clinical NE. Finally this work has, for the first time provided novel information on potential biomarkers (Chapter 8). Whilst challenge did not impact on the expression of genes previously shown to be differentially expressed upon C. perfringens toxin exposure, the serum ceruloplasmin concentration increased, suggesting that monitoring this acute phase protein may indicate the presence of C. perfringens infection in poultry. However, as such markers generally lack specificity, further research confirming its role in response to sub-clinical NE is needed to provide a fully effective diagnostic and prognostic marker for flock health and welfare, as well as ultimately helping to gain better understanding of the pathophysiology of sub-clinical NE. Improved knowledge of the effect of different dietary components on the growth of C. perfringens may help in the formulation of broiler diets to assist in further reducing the incidence of NE particularly in the absence of antimicrobial growth promoters. It is hoped that host responses in terms of acute phase proteins, and possibley gene expression, will also provide greater insight into the pathogenesis of NE. Provided that the developed experimental sub-clinical NE model is reproducible, this will benefit the understanding of this billion dollar disease and enable further investigation of various chemical and non-chemical interventions to reduce its severity and impact on poultry production.
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Munz, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Identification of genetic risk factors predisposing to the inflammatory oral disease periodontitis / Matthias Munz." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187244384/34.
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Heimbigner, Rachel Michelle. "A study of the predisposing factors for depression in in-center chronic hemodialysis patients." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1310.
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Semple, Patrick Lyle. "Pituitary apoplexy : can histopathology, radiological imaging and predisposing factors be used in predicting outcome?" Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2890.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-112).
Pituitary apoplexy is an uncommon, yet potentially fatal illness, usually the result of infarction, hemorrhage or a combination of both in a pituitary tumor. The management of pituitary apoplexy consists of replacement therapy and in the majority of patients, surgical decompression, although some cases may be treated conservatively. Up to now no study has attempted to separate the two histopathological types of pituitary apoplexy or to analyze their clinical and radiological significance on presentation and outcome.
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Alnass, Fatimah A. "ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PREDISPOSING, ENABLING AND NEED FACTORS ON INTENTION FOR MAMMOGRAM SCREENING AMONG SAUDI WOMEN." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1616183751282223.
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Kirby, Michael L. Jr. "Insecticide-Mediated Neurochemical and Behavioral Changes as Possible Predisposing Environmental Factors in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30569.
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Epidemiological studies implicate pesticide exposure as a possible etiologic factor in idiopathic Parkinson's Disease, which results from degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons, along with reduced levels of the neurotransmitter, dopamine. Behavioral and neurochemical analyses in C57BL6 mice were performed following a subchronic dosing regime with the organochlorine insecticide heptachlor or the pyrethroid deltamethrin. Results were compared to those induced by the established parkinsonian neurotoxicant, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). At the end of the treatment period, mice were assessed for effects on behavior, as well as levels of striatal dopamine, nerve terminal respiration, and synaptosomal dopamine transport.
The primary behavioral effect of deltamethrin was incoordination, while heptachlor caused hyperexcitability and increased locomotion. The major neurochemical effect observed for both compounds was upregulation of the presynaptic dopamine transporter (DAT) by 70% and 100% for deltamethrin and heptachlor, respectively. The insecticides exerted only modest effects on striatal levels of dopamine and its metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. However, doses of heptachlor higher than those which caused induction of DAT (e.g. greater than or equal to 25 mg/kg), when administered subchronically, were found to cause convulsions in some animals and caused marked, dose-dependent depression of basal striatal tissue respiration rates. No synergism was observed between the effects of insecticides and MPTP.
Enhanced transport was thought to be a compensatory effect from increased release of transmitters by the insecticides, in vivo. Striatal dopamine, GABA and glutamate nerve terminals were differentially sensitive to the releasing effects of heptachlor compared to cortical serotonin terminals, and responded in the following rank order of sensitivity: dopamine > GABA > glutamate > serotonin. Additional experiments to characterize the mechanism(s) by which cyclodienes facilitate release of neurotransmitters in synaptosomes demonstrated a lack of distinct Ca²⁺ component and no involvement of retrograde DAT activity, suggesting that released label was of vesicular origin, but did not require Ca²⁺. Insecticidal toxicants, such as organochlorines and pyrethroids, which augment dopamine release and increase the maximal rate of dopamine uptake, may inundate the cytosol of nigrostriatal neurons with high concentrations of free dopamine, which has been shown by other researchers to induce apoptosis and may thereby contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease.
Funding for this work was provided under grant number HHHREP 94-01 by the Hawaii Heptachlor Foundation, a non-profit organization. The Hawaii Heptachlor Foundation may be contacted at the following address: Ocean View Center PH#3, 707 Richards St., Honolulu, HI 96813.Ph. D.
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Volkert, Jana, Sylke Andreas, Martin Härter, Maria Christina Dehoust, Susanne Sehner, Anna Suling, Berta Ausín, et al. "Predisposing, enabling, and need factors of service utilization in the elderly with mental health problems." Cambridge University Press, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70712.
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Background: Empirical data on the use of services due to mental health problems in older adults in Europe is lacking. The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with service utilization in the elderly.
Methods: As part of the MentDis_ICF65+ study, N = 3,142 people aged 65–84 living in the community in six European and associated countries were interviewed. Based on Andersen’s behavioral model predisposing, enabling, and need factors were analyzed with logistic regression analyses.
Results: Overall, 7% of elderly and 11% of those with a mental disorder had used a service due to mental health problems in the last 12 months. Factors significantly associated with underuse were male sex, lower education, living in the London catchment area, higher functional impairment and more comorbid mental disorders. The most frequently reported barrier to service use was personal beliefs, e.g. “I can deal with my problem on my own” (90%).
Conclusion: Underutilization of mental health services among older people in the European community is common and interventions are needed to achieve an adequate use of services.
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Parnell, Anthony Peter. "An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Therapists' perspectives of predisposing factors of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-interpretative-phenomenological-analysis-of-therapists-perspectives-of-predisposing-factors-of-post-traumatic-stress-disorder(0a6df02a-c765-4d86-8cec-8050c6da5ad4).html.
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Background: The aim of this study was to explore the experience and sense making oftherapists working with clients who present with a PTSD diagnosis. The study engaged with therapists experience and understanding of predisposing factors to PTSD and how they incorporate this understanding into the therapy process. Further to this the experience of the therapists understanding of the influence of predisposing factors on the expression of PTSD was explored. Literature Review: A literature review is presented identifying core research relating to PTSD, predisposing factors to the development of PTSD and the treatments used when working with PTSD as a presenting issue. Methodology: To address the aims of the study 9 therapist participants were interviewed. Semi-structured, one to one, in-depth interviews were utilised to elicit participant’s experience of the issues outlined within the aims. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to identify re-current themes across the interviews and analyse the data, which emerged. Findings: The main findings present thirteen sub-ordinate themes that reflect the essence of the participant’s experience of the phenomenon under investigation. These were based around eight Super-ordinate (master) themes of Previous history, Therapy relationship, Psychoeducation and Normalisation, Identity, Culture, Attachment, Presenting Therapy Themes, and Support Systems. Discussion and Conclusion: The study identified the participant’s experience of predisposing factors on the expression of PTSD. There was consensus from the participant’s in relation to the significant impact of client’s previous life experience on their expression of PTSD. The participants further identified that the client’s previous life experience influenced their formulation and treatment of PTSD. Significant issues that were described by all of the participants regardless of their theoretical or therapeutic perspective were (1) the central importance of the therapeutic relationship, (without a strong, trusting and safe relationship the participants would not engage the therapy work), (2) the importance of in-depth history taking (identification of previous life experience and its impact on the current response to the trauma), (3) the impact of previous trauma(s), and (4) the impact of support systems, environment and identity. These issues are discussed alongside the existing literature around this topic. Additionally, suggestions for future directions of research and recommendations for practice are presented.
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Vaičiūnienė, Rūta. "Veiksnių, sąlygojančių hemodializuojamų ligonių stacionarizavimą, įvertinimas." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100621_091802-57622.
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Hemodializuojamų ligonių skaičius pasaulyje kasmet auga, dializuojama vis daugiau vyresnio amžiaus ligonių, turinčių sunkią gretutinę patologiją. Todėl tenka dažniau juos stacionarizuoti, didėja finansinė šių ligonių gydymo našta visuomenei. Daugelis pasaulyje atliekamų hemodializuojamų ligonių stacionarizavimą vertinančių tyrimų apima atskiras būkles, kaip anemijos, kaulų ir mineralų metabolizmo sutrikimų reikšmę, gretutines ligas ir kitus veiksnius. Mes savo tyrime sujungėme dažniausias hemodializuojamiems ligoniams aprašomas komplikacijas, kad įvertintume bendrą suminę jų reikšmę stacionarizavimui. Tai pirmasis tyrimas, nagrinėjantis Lietuvos hemodializuojamų ligonių stacionarizavimo priežastis ir sąlygojančius veiksnius. Taip pat pirmą kartą nustatytos Lietuvos hemodializuojamų ligonių gydymo išlaidos. Perspektyvusis tyrimas atliktas Kauno Medicinos universiteto Nefrologijos klinikoje. Į tyrimą įtraukti visi galutinės stadijos inkstų nepakankamumu sergantys ligoniai, kurie buvo hemodializuoti visuose Kauno krašto hemodializės centruose 5 metų laikotarpiu (2002-2006 metais). Nustatėme, kad hospitalizavimui svarbūs tiek demografiniai veiksniai, tiek gretutinės ligos, tiek kai kurių laboratorinių rodiklių pokyčiai, tiek ir režimo pažeidimai.Increasing numbers of hemodialysis patients is influenced by growing life expectancy. increasing burden of diabetes and hypertension. Dialysis population becomes older with heavy comorbidities and high risk for hospitalization. Treatment of those patients is a big financial burden for society. So it is necessary to evaluate the predisposing factors for hospitalization and to assess possibilities of ambulatory treatment optimization and reduction of hospitalization rates in hemodialysis patients. Most of the studies in hemodialysis patients investigate hospitalization risk according to separate conditions, like influence of anemia, bone-mineral metabolism, comorbidities and other factors. In our study we tested together most common complications of end stage renal disease in order to evaluate a combined value of various different factors on hospitalization risk and to discriminate the most important ones. This is the first study which examined hospitalizations rates and factors related to hospitalization in Lithuanian hemodialysis population. Also for the first time treatment expenditures of Lithuanian hemodialysis patients were estimated. Prospective study was performed in the Nephrology department of Kaunas University of Medicine. We enrolled all end stage renal disease patients dialysed in the years 2002-2006 in all centers in Kaunas region. In order to reduce hospitalization risk, a contribution of the doctor and the patient is needed as both treatment failure and... [to full text]
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Mukandoli, Kumuntu. "Predisposing factors of chronic low back pain (CLBP) among sedentary office workers (SOW) in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Chronic low back pain is a highly prevalent condition in industrialized nations. It is associated with activity limitations, disability, has significant economic impact on society and incurs personal cost. Today's working environment increasingly demands more time spent sitting due to computerization and other advances in technology. Sitting for hours without taking breaks may influence posture, and alignment of the lumbar spine. Therefore, it may influence low back pain. Kenya as a developing country has an increasing number of people involved in sedentary work. The aim of this study was to identify the predisposing factors of chronic low back pain among sedentary office workers in Nairobi. The main objectives were to establish the prevalence of chronc low back painto determine the possible predisposing factors of chronic low back pain and to determine the impact of chronic low back pain on work related quality of life among sedentary office workers in Nairobi, Kenya.
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Finnegan, Alan Paul. "An exploration and critical analysis of the predisposing factors leading to depression within the British Army." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528346.
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Begh, Abdullah Al Mamun. "Betel nut chewing in Bangladesh - effects on oral health and factors predisposing to long term use." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504296.
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Ramphele, Thamaga Zacharia. "The factors predisposing social workers to burnout in the social services organizations of the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, East London, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006667.
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This work was based on an investigation of the subject of burnout, as observed by the researcher among social workers that worked for various social services organizations - both Government Departments and Non-Governmental Organizations - based in the Eastern Cape Province. The study of burnout was conducted with the aim to obtain information from the respondents about their conditions at work, and how those conditions contributed, as alleged, to burnout experienced by them. A qualitative research method was used as an approach that the researcher found best in that it allowed for an in-depth probe into the circumstances of the respondents (including the attitudes and emotions of the respondents), to give a broad picture of the situation as experienced by the respondents at work. A qualitative method was handled through the exploratory research principle of sampling and gathering of data, as the researcher felt it a sufficiently appropriate route to help yield the required outcomes of the study. The researcher's motivation to pursue the research was prompted by several indicators which included an article in the Daily Dispatch of 26 August 2003 that wrote 'Social workers quit in droves' and some personal contact with graduated students of social work, recently employed as social workers in various settings. Interesting dynamics about social work practice and its frustrations surfaced, and out of that premise, the researcher felt that it was an opportune moment to carry out an investigation to discover the facts about burnout as experienced by social workers. The findings on the research would be published, and the researcher intended to inform the social work community about the outcomes of research, hoping that the information would become useful to them in curtailing or preventing future encounters of burnout as experienced by them at the work place. In other words, recommendations for solutions would be provided based on the findings as an outcome of that investigation. To allow for the success of the research process, the researcher planned to draw from several resource centers and other researchers' data, any valuable piece of information, record, or existing data that could assist in evaluating information that became available during data collection. Such information was seen as very important since it helped in making the data analysis process easier and more than enough information could thus be obtained. Finally the researcher had found the study quite fascinating in that it addressed human concerns in the form of social work issues at work, which the researcher personally considered important and shared as one of the issues affecting social work professionals.
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Quentric, Mickaël. "Identification and characterization of predisposing genetic factors in patients with oral cleft and/or dental anomalies." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T051.
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Toutes altérations génétiques ou environnementales survenant lors du développement craniofacial et de l’odontogenèse peut aboutir à une fente orale et/ou à des anomalies dentaires. Un des syndromes les plus courants comprenant une fente orale est le syndrome de van der Woude (VWS) / des ptérygiums poplités (PPS) causé par des mutations du gène IRF6. Nous avons séquencé IRF6 dans 16 familles VWS et 2 familles PPS et analysé le phénotype dentaire des patients avec une mutation identifiée. Les individus atteints présentaient des fentes (76%), des dépressions de la lèvre inférieure (86%), des agénésies dentaires (68%) ainsi que des anomalies de morphologie dentaire (58%), telles que des dents fusionnées ou porteuses de cuspides supplémentaires, démontrant que la fréquence élevée des anomalies dentaires constatées chez les patients VWS/PPS avec une mutation IRF6 pourrait se révéler utile dans la pose du diagnostic, dans la mesure où les dépressions de la lèvre inférieure ne sont pas toujours présentes. Malgré le nombre considérable de gènes identifiés dans les fentes orales et/ou anomalies dentaires, la cause génétique de bon nombre de cas isolés reste sans réponse. Partir de patients syndromiques avec fente, porteurs d’anomalies chromosomiques, a permis la découverte de nouveaux gènes associés aux fentes : HDAC4, HIPK2, RBFOX1, SWSWAP et MMP17. En plus des mutations touchant la partie codante des gènes et des variants introniques prédisposants, l’altération d’éléments régulateurs distants peut aussi conduire à l’apparition de fentes, comme nous le montrons dans ce travail avec l’altération d’éléments régulateurs de SOX9. D’autre part, le tri minutieux de patients syndromiques basé sur un phénotypage précis et associé à des techniques de séquençage haut-débit peut conduire à l’identification de la cause génétique sous-jacente. En procédant ainsi, nous avons montré que des mutations récessives de FAM20A sont à l’origine du syndrome rein-dent (ERS). Les patients atteints présentent un phénotype oral pathognomonique caractérisé par une amélogénèse imparfaite, des retards d’éruption, des calcifications intra-pulpaires, des follicules dentaires surdéveloppés, une hyperplasie gingivale et une néphrocalcinose. Les mutations de FAM20A conduisent à une augmentation de chondroïtine sulfate et de la concentration de calcium extracellulaire ionisé, entraînant l’apparition de calcifications ectopiques. Notre travail montre qu’un phénotypage précis combiné à des méthodes d’investigations génétiques à haut-débit, contribue de manière significative à une meilleure compréhension des facteurs génétiques des fentes orales et/ou des anomalies dentairesAny genetic or environmental disturbances during craniofacial development and odontogenesis can lead to orofacial clefts (OFC) and/or dental anomalies. One of the most common cleft syndrome is the Van der Woude / popliteal pterygium syndrome (VWS/PPS) caused by IRF6 mutations. We screened IRF6 in sixteen VWS and two PPS families and analyzed the dental phenotype of IRF6-mutated patients. Affected individuals had clefts (76%), lower lip pits (86%), dental agenesis (68%), and abnormal dental morphology (58%) such as fused teeth and additional cusps, demonstrating that the high frequency of dental anomalies in VWS/PPS patients mutated for IRF6 could be a useful clinical clue for correct diagnosis, as lips pits are not always present. Despite the large number of genes identified in oral cleft and/or dental anomalies, the genetic causes of many sporadic cases remain unknown. Starting from syndromic cleft patients presenting chromosomal abnormalities, new genes associated with oral cleft were discovered: HDAC4, HIPK2, RBFOX1, SWSWAP, and MMP17. In addition to protein coding mutations and predisposing intronic variants, alterations of long-range gene regulatory elements can also lead to OFC, illustrated in this work with the alteration of SOX9 regulatory elements. Careful stratification of syndromic patients based on a precise phenotype can lead to the identification of the underlying genetic causes, when combined with high-throughput sequencing. We identified FAM20A recessive mutations to be causative of the Enamel Renal Syndrome (ERS). Affected patients present a pathognomonic oral phenotype characterized by generalized hypoplastic enamel, delayed tooth eruption, pulp calcifications, hyperplastic dental follicles, gingival hyperplasia, and nephrocalcinosis. FAM20A mutations resulted in increased chondroitin sulfate and increased extracellular ionized calcium concentrations, eventually leading to ectopic calcification. Our work illustrates that precise phenotype combined with the power of high throughput genetic technologies contributes significantly to the understanding of the genetic factors underlying oral cleft and/or dental anomalies
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Kehrberg, Jason E. "CHANGING AMERICA: THE IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION ON WELFARE ATTITUDES AND WELFARE REFORM." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/polysci_etds/6.
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The purpose of my dissertation is to further our understanding of why some states restricted immigrant access to welfare in the 1990s while other states granted immigrants access to social programs. With the passage of the Personal Responsibility Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), many states diverged from equal access to welfare programs, such as Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), for immigrants arriving after 1996. Very little scholarly work examines the variance in immigrants’ access to welfare programs. Current research studying welfare attitudes and policy has largely failed to investigate whether and how the influx of immigrants over the last three to four decades has decreased public support for welfare programs and resulted in policies that both decrease benefit levels and restrict access to programs based on citizenship. This is a serious shortcoming because immigration since the 1970s represents the largest population shift since the early 20th century, a change that has increased the size of the underclass and transformed the cultural and racial makeup of theUnited States. Accordingly, in my dissertation, I will examine how changes to the American political environment, immigration levels and the increasing number of immigration media stories, trigger authoritarian attitudes that in turn form a breeding ground supporting restrictive welfare programs. The results from the individual-level analysis provide strong evidence that authoritarians prefer less welfare spending, fewer immigrants, and a waiting period before immigrants can access welfare programs. In addition, authoritarians view immigrants as a threat due to their perceived failure to socially conform to American society. Building on these individual-level results, I find that states with large authoritarian populations are more likely to adopt restrictive welfare policies.
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Pluijmakers, Jolanda. "Developmental and other predisposing factors contributing to behavioural disorders related to fear and anxiety in the domestic dog." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/2b214d0c-6c5e-487d-b1fe-c25b0183bfae.
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Developmental factors are known to contribute to behavioural disorders related to fear and anxiety. Based upon the established association between restricted early life experiences and the development of inappropriate avoidance and fear-related aggressive behaviour, a series of experiments was designed to test whether a dog's capacity to remain in emotional homeostasis at 7 to 8 weeks of age can be increased by exposure to video images during the period of parasympathetic dominance between 3 and 5 weeks of age. First, it was demonstrated that puppies between 3 and 5 weeks of age do react to video images. Second, the reactions of puppies, exposed to video images for 30 minutes per day for 14 days between 3 and 5 weeks old, to test objects in both familiar and unfamiliar environments, were compared with those of control, unexposed puppies; the control puppies visited most of the objects significantly more frequently than did the exposed puppies. Third, another sample of puppies given the same treatments was tested at 7-8 weeks of age; the control puppies were significantly more fearful than the exposed, and also tended to visit the objects more frequently. A new classification of one class of problem behaviour related to anxiety and fear, separation problems. was developed and validated using a retrospective study of clinical data. In the same data. no evidence was found that a restricted maternal environment predisposed puppies to the development of separation problems; indeed, puppies raised in domestic maternal environments, seemed to be predisposed to have separation problems if they were homed at 7 weeks, but not at or after 8 weeks of age. Lxposure to busy urban environments on a regular basis post vaccination, seemed to protel:t against separation problems triggered by noxious events.
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Nordström, T. (Tanja). "Predisposing factors and consequences of adolescent ADHD and DBD:a longitudinal study in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526208299.
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Abstract Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) are two very common and co-occurring psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents. They are among the leading reasons for clinical referrals to child and adolescent mental health facilities worldwide and have many unfavorable consequences with a high cost to society. In this thesis, the potential early risk factors associated with ADHD and/or DBD were examined, the current well-being of the adolescent with ADHD and/or DBD was evaluated and the later education and the psychiatric morbidity of the adolescent were researched. The study population in this thesis is based on a subsample of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC 1986) containing 457 study subjects, of which 91 (19.9%) were diagnosed with ADHD, 44 (9.6%) with DBD, 72 (15.6%) with comorbid ADHD and DBD and 250 (54.7%) with neither of these disorders. Confirmatory factor analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and several regression analyses were carried out in the study. This thesis contains four original publications. The results in the first publication indicated that there are different risk factors in childhood associating with different behavioral problems in adolescence. The differences between behavioral problems were also visible in the results of the second publication, where those adolescents who were diagnosed with both ADHD and DBD had more severe conduct disorder symptoms and had increased risks for many psychiatric disorders. The results from the third publication suggested that those adolescents who were diagnosed with both ADHD and DBD fared worse in school at the end of ninth grade and were later less likely to achieve higher than basic education. Finally, the fourth publication showed that the adolescents diagnosed with DBD (both with and without ADHD) seemed to have an increased risk for admittance to the psychiatric inpatient hospital. This thesis underlines the differences between children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and/or DBD and emphasizes the role of comorbidity between these disorders as an indicator of poorer outcomes later in lifeTiivistelmä Tarkkaavaisuus- ja ylivilkkaushäiriö (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD) sekä käytös- ja uhmakkuushäiriöt (disruptive behavior disorder, DBD) ovat hyvin yleisiä – ja usein yhtä aikaa ilmeneviä – lasten ja nuorten psyykkisiä häiriöitä. Nämä häiriöt ovat hyvin usein syynä lasten ja nuorten psykiatristen terveyspalveluiden käyttöön. Niillä on myös todettu olevan useita epätoivottuja seurauksia, joiden hoitaminen puolestaan nostaa yhteiskunnan kuluja. Tämä väitöskirjatyö tutkii mahdollisia varhaisia riskitekijöitä, jotka assosioituivat ADHD- ja/tai DBD-häiriöiden kanssa, arvioi näillä häiriöillä diagnosoitujen nuorten sen hetkistä hyvinvointia ja tutkii näiden nuorten kouluttautumista sekä muuta psykiatrista sairastavuutta. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1986 (Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986, NFBC 1986) -aineiston osaotoksesta, johon kuuluu 457 henkilöä. Osaotoksesta 91:llä (19,9 %) oli diagnosoitu ADHD, 44:llä (9,6 %) DBD ja 72:lla (15,6 %) komorbidi ADHD ja DBD. 250 henkilöllä (54,7 %) osaotoksesta ei ollut diagnosoitu kumpaakaan diagnoosia. Aineiston analysoinnissa käytettiin konfirmatorista faktorianalyysiä, Kaplan-Meierin elossaolomenetelmää, Kruskal-Wallisin yksisuuntaista varianssianalyysiä ja useita regressioanalyysejä. Tämä väitöskirja koostuu neljästä osajulkaisusta. Ensimmäisen osajulkaisun tulokset osoittivat, että eri riskitekijät lapsuudessa assosioituivat eri käytösongelmiin nuoruudessa. Eri käytösongelmien eroavaisuudet olivat myös nähtävillä toisessa osajulkaisussa: niillä nuorilla, joilla oli diagnosoitu komorbidi ADHD ja DBD, todettiin olevan vakavampia käytöshäiriöiden oireita sekä kohonnut riski useisiin muihin psykiatrisiin sairauksiin. Kolmannen osajulkaisun tulokset viittasivat näiden nuorien, jotka oli diagnosoitu komorbidillä ADHD:lla ja DBD:llä, pärjäävän huonommin koulussa ja valmistuvan muita todennäköisemmin vain peruskoulusta. Lopuksi neljännessä osajulkaisussa todettiin, että DBD diagnoosin nuorena saaneilla (riippumatta ADHD diagnoosista) näytti olevan kohonnut riski psykiatriseen osastohoitoon joutumiselle. Tämä väitöskirjatyö alleviivaa tarkkaavaisuus- ja ylivilkkaushäiriöllä sekä käytös- ja uhmakkuushäiriöillä diagnosoitujen lasten ja nuorten eroavaisuuksia ja korostaa kyseisten häiriöiden komorbidin ilmenemisen roolia huonon lopputuloksen ennustetekijänä myöhemmin nuoren elämässä
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Brzoska, Patrick, Fabian Erdsiek, and Dorothee Waury. "Enabling and Predisposing Factors for the Utilization of Preventive Dental Health Care in Migrants and Non-Migrants in Germany." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-230188.
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Background: In many European countries including Germany, migrants utilize preventive services less frequently than the majority population. This is also true for the utilization of dental checkups. Little is known about which demographic, social, behavioral, and health-related factors influence the decision of migrants to seek preventive dental health care and how these factors differ from those in non-migrants. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of these factors among migrants and non-migrants residing in Germany.
Methods: Data from cross-sectional national health surveys are used, providing information on preventive dental health behavior from n = 41,220 individuals, of which 15.0% are migrants. Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use is the conceptual framework of the investigation. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to examine the role of different predisposing and enabling factors. Interaction terms were included in order to examine whether determinants differ between migrants and non-migrants. Average marginal effects (AMEs) are reported in addition to odds ratios (ORs) as measures of effect size which are robust against bias arising from unobserved heterogeneity.
Results: Migrants are at an about 36% lower chance of utilizing regular dental checkups than non-migrants [OR = 0.64 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.68); AME = −0.081 (95% CI = −0.093, −0.069)]. Differences are partly explained by the influence of demographic, social, behavioral, and health-related factors [adjusted OR = 0.69 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.73); AME = −0.065 (95% CI = −0.076, −0.053)]. Younger age, being male, lower socioeconomic status, a non-statutory health insurance, not living in a relationship, living in the Western part of Germany and in an urban setting, and poor limited social support were associated with a lower chance of utilizing regular dental checkups. Interaction effects could be observed for age and for the type of health insurance.
Discussion: The study identifies different enabling and predisposing factors that are relevant for the utilization of dental checkups among the population in Germany, some of which differ between migrants and non-migrants. Differences are particularly pronounced for younger ages. This differs from findings on other preventive services where older migrants tend to be more disadvantaged. Additional explanatory factors such as barriers that migrants experience in the dental health care system need to be considered in order to implement patient-oriented services and to reduce disparities in access to dental prevention.
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Van, der Watt Johan J. "HIV-associated sensory neuropathy in an African cohort a longitudinal study of risk factors predisposing to antiretroviral induced painful neuropathy." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11621.
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Includes abstract.Thesis (Ph.D. (Medicine))--University of Cape Town, 2013.
Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) amongst human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is frequently a painful and disabling condition. HIV-associated DSP is either a consequence of HIV (HIV-DSP) or antiretroviral-induced toxic neuropathy (ATN). The purpose of this research was to investigate the characteristics of HIV-associated DSP over the first 24 weeks of starting cART in an African community-based cohort. Apart from studying the longitudinal association of candidate risk factors based on previous reports, we focused on two additional aspects. Firstly, the Nacetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype, which determines an individual's acetylation status, influences the risk for isoniazid (INH)-associated neuropathy.
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Duarte, Cristiana Raquel Barros. "Estratégias de maneio na prevenção da toxémia de gestação em cabras leiteiras." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4208.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica-Produção AnimalA toxémia de gestação é a doença metabólica mais comum em pequenos ruminantes. A sua incidência tem vindo a aumentar dado o contínuo incremento dos níveis de produtividade destes animais, factor predisponente para esta doença. O objectivo deste trabalho foi a avaliação de estratégias de maneio para a sua prevenção numa exploração intensiva de cabras leiteiras. Para isso procedeu-se à análise dos registos da exploração nos últimos 3 anos e acompanhou-se o efectivo no período peri-parto. A evolução da condição corporal demonstrou que o maneio alimentar é de uma forma geral correcto. No que respeita à doença, pode afirmar-se que ainda persiste, embora com incidência reduzida (3,84%) mas superior nas cabras secas (85,71%). Tal deve-se provavelmente ao seu maneio alimentar, pois as suas necessidades nutricionais não são aparentemente satisfeitas pela dieta utilizada, e a um menor exercício físico. De referir ainda que a maior parte dos casos ocorreu em primíparas, as quais têm necessidades nutricionais diferentes e são penalizadas na ingestão de alimento pela dominância dos animais adultos. O aperfeiçoamento das dietas destes animais, a disponibilidade de mais espaço para estimular o exercício físico e a separação das primíparas constituem sugestões de melhoria deste problema.
Pregnancy toxemia is the most common metabolic disease in small ruminants. Its incidence has been increasing due to the continuing raise in productivity levels of these animals, predisposing factor for this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management strategies for its prevention in an intensive dairy goats farm. Farm records over the past three years were analyzed and the herd was monitored in the peri-partum period. Body condition changes showed that dietary management is generally correct. Pregnancy toxaemia still persists, although with a reduced incidence (3.84%) and most in dry goats (85.71%). This can probably be justified by dietary management because their nutritional requirements are not apparently satisfied by diet and also by insufficient physical activity. Most of this cases occurred in primiparae, which have different nutritional requirements and are frequently penalized in food intake by dominant adult animals. Improving the diets of these animals, the availability of exercise area and the separation of primiparae are suggested to decrease the incidence of pregnancy toxaemia.
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Roxanne, Henry. "The association between perceived parenting styles and adolescent substance use." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2108.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Psychologiae - MPsychUsing the literature on Baumrind's theory of Parenting Styles and how perceptions of these are associated to adolescent at-risk behaviour, this study set out to examine whether any parenting style increased or decreased adolescent substance use. The central aim of this study was to examine the association between perceived parenting styles and adolescent substance use. To further this, 239 grade 10 and 11 adolescent participants were drawn from 3 schools in Mitchell's Plain, a suburb in the Western Cape (with permission granted from the Education Department). This particular suburb was chosen due to the high rates of substance use and substance related crime within the area. A quantitative research design was implemented within this study. The participants were required to complete the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), a questionnaire aimed at measuring drug use, and the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), aimed at measuring perceived parenting styles and a Biographical Questionnaire to provide additional information. Informed consent was obtained and the confidentiality of the schools and participants were protected. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, a data analysis programme available at the University of the Western Cape. Results show that substance use reduction was significantly related to a perceived authoritative parenting style. However, no significant relationships could be found between perceived permissive and authoritarian parenting style. Significant difference was found in the results obtained for male and female adolescents, with males generally appearing to use more substances. It can be concluded that perceived authoritative parenting styles have an important role to play in the prevention of adolescent substance abuse.
South Africa
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Vergés, i. Torrella Laia. "Avaluació dels factors de predisposició a la inestabilitat genòmica de la regió 22q11.2." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393915.
Full textAbstract:
El genoma humà està format en un 5% per low-copy repeats (LCR); segments de DNA d’entre 1 i 500 Kb que es repeteixen dues o més vegades al llarg del genoma i que comparteixen una homologia superior al 90%. L’aparellament no al·lèlic d’aquestes seqüències durant la meiosi promou la generació d’esdeveniments de recombinació homòloga no al·lèlica (NAHR) que donen lloc a reorganitzacions cromosòmiques heretables que originen un conjunt de malalties anomenades trastorns genòmics. La deleció de la regió 22q11.2, originada per la NAHR entre els LCR22, causa la síndrome de DiGeorge/velocardiofacial (SDG/VCF), un dels trastorns genòmics més freqüents en els humans.
L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi doctoral va ser l’avaluació de les característiques genètiques que modulen la susceptibilitat a la NAHR en individus transmissors de la SDG/VCF.
Es va caracteritzar la susceptibilitat a la NAHR en 8 homes amb descendència afectada per la SDG/VCF. Aquest estudi es va dur a terme a través de l’anàlisi de la freqüència d’espermatozoides portadors de delecions i duplicacions de la regió 22q11.2, i d’altres regions crítiques amb una arquitectura genòmica similar, mitjançant la hibridació in situ fluorescent (FISH) en nuclis descondensats d’espermatozoides. Els resultats obtinguts van demostrar que 2 pares transmissors de la SDG/VCF presentaven increments significatius d’espermatozoides portadors de la deleció 22q11.2 que es van atribuir a un increment de la NAHR intra-cromàtide focalitzada a la regió 22q11.2. En aquests individus, també es van analitzar els blocs de seqüències en tàndem dels LCR22-2 i LCR22-4 mitjançant la tècnica de la FISH en fibres de cromatina (fiber-FISH) obtingudes de leucòcits. Els resultats de l’anàlisi van mostrar variacions respecte la població control dels blocs de seqüències en tàndem corresponents als fòsmids L9 i K3. Aquestes variacions podrien constituir un factor de predisposició a la NAHR.
Per tal de validar els resultats obtinguts mitjançant fiber-FISH, es van analitzar les variacions de seqüències paràlogues en els LCR22 cobertes pels fòsmids L9 i K3 mitjançant la reacció en cadena de la polimerasa de tipus droplet digital (ddPCR). No es van observar diferències significatives entre les poblacions d’individus transmissors de la SDG/VCF i de controls analitzades. Tot i així, els resultats van suggerir una disminució de còpies del pseudogen de AK129567 en els individus transmissors.
D’altra banda, també es va analitzar la freqüència de la inversió 22q11.2 mitjançant la FISH interfàsica en limfòcits. No es va detectar cap haplotip d’inversió 22q11.2 en individus transmissors ni en controls. Així doncs, es va confirmar la inexistència d’aquest polimorfisme i es va excloure la seva implicació com a factor de predisposició per la SDG/VCF. Per últim, es va determinar el genotip de PRDM9 mitjançant PCR i seqüenciació Sanger. La comparació de les freqüències al·lèliques entre els individus transmissors i la població control no va mostrar diferències significatives. Tot i així, es va descriure un al·lel nou de PRDM9, que es va denominar L50, en un pare transmissor de la SDG/VCF que havia mostrat increments de delecions 22q11.2 en espermatozoides. Aquest resultat va suggerir que certs al·lels rars de PRDM9 podrien actuar com a factor de predisposició per la NAHR a la regió 22q11.2.
En conjunt, l’avaluació dels factors de predisposició a la inestabilitat genòmica de la regió 22q11.2 va reflectir que el risc a la NAHR en aquesta regió és complex i atribuïble a la confluència de diferents característiques genètiques.The 5% of the human genome is constituted by low copy repeats (LCRs). LCRs are DNA fragments from 1 to 500 kb in size, with at least two copies across the genome that share a high level of sequence identity (> 90%). The non-allelic alignment of these sequences during meiosis promotes non-allelic homologous recombination events (NAHR) that could lead to chromosome reorganizations which can be transmitted to the offspring. These reorganizations originate a group of diseases called genomic disorders. Deletions of the 22q11.2 region, caused by NAHR between LCR22, result in the DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS) which is one of the most frequent genomic disorder in humans. The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the genetic features that could modulate the NAHR susceptibility in DGS/VCFS transmitting individuals. NAHR susceptibility was analysed in a total of eight men with DGS/VCFS affected progeny. This study was achieved by analysing the frequency of deletions and duplications of the 22q11.2 region, and other critical regions with a similar genomic architecture, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in decondensed sperm nuclei. Results demonstrated that two transmitting fathers showed statistical significant increases of 22q11.2 deletions in sperm. This abnormality was attributed to an abnormal intra-chromatid NAHR activity focused on the 22q11.2 region. By applying FISH on chromatin fibers obtained from leucocytes (fiber-FISH), the blocks of tandem repeats within LCR22-2 and LCR22-4 were also evaluated for these individuals. With respect to the control population, SDG/VCF transmitting fathers showed copy number variations on tandem sequence blocks corresponding to the L9 and K3 fosmid sequences that could constitute a predisposing factor for NAHR. In order to validate fiber-FISH data, variations of paralogous sequences covered by L9 and K3 fosmids were analysed by using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). Although differences between the population of DGS/VCFS transmitting parents and control individuals were not observed, the results suggested a decrease of the AK129567 pseudogene copy number in transmitting parents. The frequency of 22q11.2 inversions was also studied by applying interphase FISH in lymphocytes. The inversion haplotype was not detected in any transmitting or control individuals. Therefore, the absence of the 22q11.2 inversion polymorphism was confirmed and this genetic feature was excluded as a possible predisposing factor for DGS/VCFS. Finally, PRDM9 genotype was assessed by using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Allelic frequencies of control and DGS/VCFS transmitting individuals did not show differences. Nevertheless, we described a novel PRDM9 allele, L50, in a DGS/VCFS transmitting father with increased rates of 22q11.2 deletions in sperm. This observation suggested that certain rare alleles of PRDM9 might be a predisposing factor for NAHR at 22q11.2 region. In summary, the evaluation of predisposing factors for the genomic instability at 22q11.2 showed that the NAHR risk in this region is complex and could be attributed to a confluence of different genetic features.
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Loureiro, Maria Ana Polido. "Clínica e reprodução de bovinos de leite." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/17662.
Full textAbstract:
Neste presente relatório encontram-se descritas e caracterizadas as atividades
desenvolvidas durante o estágio em clínica e cirurgia de bovinos de leite, contemplando
também uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os fatores predisponentes de torção uterina (TU) em
bovinos de leite.
Foram recolhidos dados relativos à condição corporal (CC), número de partos, sentido da
torção uterina, grau da torção e método de correção da mesma de 58 vacas assistidas com
torção uterina, selecionadas aleatoriamente. Para além disto, foram recolhidos dados do feto
proveniente destes casos de distócia, nomeadamente a apresentação no canal do parto, o
sexo e a viabilidade. Correlacionaram-se algumas destas variáveis para testar hipóteses
descritas na bibliografia. Verificou-se a existência de relação entre o grau da TU e a viabilidade
fetal; entre o grau da TU e técnica de resolução executada e por fim entre a viabilidade fetal e a
técnica de resolução aplicada.
Verificou-se que a maioria das vacas que desenvolveram TU eram multíparas, sendo mais
frequente durante o terceiro parto. Foi também possível observar que a maioria das TU
ocorreram no sentido anti horário (esquerda em vista caudal) e entre 180º e 270º; Clinics and reproduction of dairy cattle
Abstract:
This report describes and characterizes the activities developed during the internship in
clinical practice and surgery of dairy cattle. It also includes a literature review on the
predisposing factors of uterine torsion (UT) in dairy cattle.
Data was collected on body condition score (BCS), number of births, direction of uterine
torsion, degree of twist, correctional method thereof and the survival of 58, randomly selected,
cows assisted with UT. In addition, fetal data was collected from these cases of dystocia, in
particular the presentation of the fetus in the birth canal, sex and viability. Some of these
variables were correlated in order to test hypothesis described in the bibliography. A
relationship was found between the degree of UT and fetal viability; between the degree of UT
and the correctional method applied and finally between the fetal viability and correctional
method applied.
It was found that the majority of cows that had UT were multiparous, with UT being more
frequent during the third birth. It was also possible to observe that the majority of UT’s that
occurred were anticlockwise (left from the caudal view) and between 180º and 270º.
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Albugmi, Mutlaq. "The Effects of Predisposing, Enabling, and Need Factors on the Use of Health ServicesAmong Noncitizen Employees in the Private Sector in Saudi Arabia." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1627595522119298.
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Burman, Lars Å. "Streptococcus pneumoniae : epidemiological, clinical and serological studies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Infektionssjukdomar, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102563.
Full textAbstract:
A retrospective study of invasive pneumococcal disease in patients from Greater Göteborg in 1964- 1980 identified 125 cases of meningitis, 305 of pneumonia, 61 of septicemia with unknown focus, and 17 with other manifestations, all verified by cultures from normally sterile body fluids. The incidence was several times higher in infants and in the elderly than in any other age-group. A wide variety of underlying conditions were present in 23% of the infants, 34% of the children, and 81% of the adults. In adults alcoholism was known in one third of the cases. The case fatality rate was 24% among patients with underlying conditions and 9% among previously healthy individuals. The case fatality rate was 50% in patients with hospital-acquired infection. Twohundred-fifteen pneumococcal strains, isolated from blood or CSF from 1971 to 1983 at the laboratories of clinical bacteriology of Göteborg, Malmö, and Umeå were serotyped by coagglutination (COA). Of all isolates, 89% belonged to serotypes represented in the 23-valent vaccine. In a separate study COA was compared with counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). COA was found to have several advantages; rapidity, lower cost, and ability to disclose serotypes with neutral charge, which constituted 19% of all strains. In a prospective study the etiology was determined in 196 hospitalized patients with pneumonia, most of them community-acquired. Culture of specimens from blood, transtracheal aspirate (TTA), sputum, and nasopharynx, assays of antigen in sputum, urine, and TTA, and assays of pneumococcal antibodies to capsular polysaccharide, C-polysaccharide, and pneumolysin in paired sera were performed. The etiology was established in 64% of the patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common agent (32%). In a serological study of patients with pneumococcal infection, diagnosed by culture of CSF, TTA, or blood, IgG antibodies against C-polysaccharide and pneumolysin were determined by ELISA. The diagnostic sensitivity was only 51% and 60%, respectively. In conclusion, invasive pneumococcal disease is strongly overrepresented at tender and high age and in patients with concomitant conditions, notably alcoholism. S. pneumoniae remains a predominant causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia in adults needing hospitalization. Due to the low sensitivity and/or specificity of individual microbiological techniques, a combined use of several techniques is necessary when trying to assess the relative importance of pneumococci and other agents in pneumonia. Extended use of the currently available pneumococcal vaccine and development of improved pneumococcal vaccines seem highly warranted.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1993, härtill 5 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu.se
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Silva, Maria Madalena Afonso Cannas Henriques da. "Clínica e cirurgia de animais de companhia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/23500.
Full textAbstract:
O presente relatório pretende descrever as atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito do estágio curricular do Mestrado Integrado de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Évora, na área de clínica e cirurgia de espécies pecuárias. O trabalho foi dividido em duas partes, a primeira apre-senta uma descrição das atividades acompanhadas durante o estágio, nas diferentes áreas relacionadas com a produção pecuária, tais como, sanidade e profilaxia, clínica médica e cirúrgica e controlo reprodutivo. A segunda parte do trabalho consiste numa revisão bibliográfica sobre a distócia em bovinos e apresentação dos dados dos casos clínicos assistidos. A distócia é uma afeção com grande importância na produção pecuária devido ao seu impacto económico numa exploração. O conhecimento dos mecanismos fisiológicos do parto e dos fatores predisponentes à distócia, permite identificar situações de risco e agir de forma a prevenir a distócia numa exploração; ABSTRACT:
Large Animals Clinic and Surgery
The following report describes the work developed throughout the curricular internship which is part of the Integrated Master in Veterinary Medicine of the University of Évora, and it takes on a particular attention to the large animal surgery and clinics sector. It has been organized in two parts.
The first part describes the supervised activities during the internship in the different areas related to livestock production, such as disease control programs and prophylaxis, medical and surgical clinic, and reproductive assistance. The latter part of the report consists on a bibliographical re-view on the dystocia in cattle and data presentation regarding the clinical cases. Dystocia has a significant influence on livestock production due to its economic impact on a herd. The knowledge of parturition’s physiological mechanisms and predisposing factors to dystocia, promotes the ca-pacity to identify risky cases and to act in a way to prevent dystocia on a herd.
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Comerford, Eithne Josephine. "Evaluation of extracellular matrix composition, metabolism, joint mechanics and joint conformation as potential predisposing factors of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in three dog breeds." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271882.
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Casey, Roger. "Utilization of Community-Based Transitional Housing by Homeless Veteran Populations Diagnosed with a Mental Illness: The Association Between Predisposing, Enabling, and Need Factors with Program Outcomes." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002237.
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Bel, Coraline. "Analysis of debris-flow occurrence in active catchments of the French Alps using monitoring stations." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU007/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les crues – telles que les laves torrentielles – engendrées dans les torrents lors de fortes précipitations peuvent mobiliser de grande quantité de sédiments. Lorsqu'elles atteignent les zones urbanisées, elles peuvent mettre en dangers à la fois les personnes et les biens. Les approches visant à réduire le risque torrentiel se basent largement sur des seuils intensité-durée de pluie qui déterminent les conditions minimum de déclenchement d’une lave torrentielle. Pourtant, ces seuils sont sujets à une forte variabilité liée, non seulement aux différences inter-sites, mais aussi à la méthode appliquée lors de leur établissement. De plus, ils peuvent entraîner des fausses prédictions, l’intensité et la durée de l’épisode de pluie n’étant pas les seules variables explicatives. Ce travail de thèse vise (i) à fournir un cadre méthodologique rigoureux pour l’établissement des seuils de pluie afin de limiter les sources de variabilité, et (ii) à améliorer leurs performances en considérant à la fois les facteurs de déclenchement et de prédisposition. Il s’appuie sur les données d’un observatoire des crues torrentielles, mis en place dans les Alpes françaises en 2011 sur les torrents très actifs du Manival et du Réal. Dans un premier temps, les images et mesures hautes-fréquences collectées entre 2011 et 2016 ont été analysées afin de détecter et de caractériser les crues torrentielles. Pour appréhender la diversité des écoulements observés, une classification phénoménologique a été proposée. Dans un second temps, la condition minimum intensité-durée de pluie requise pour déclencher une lave torrentielle a été établie. La sensibilité du seuil à la définition d’un épisode de pluie a été évaluée. Dans un troisième temps, un modèle de régression logistique a été implémenté pour discriminer les épisodes de pluies critiques qui n’ont pas engendré de lave torrentielle. Il a permis de sélectionner les variables explicatives les plus pertinentes. Finalement, des pistes de travail ont été avancées pour (i) passer de conditions critiques établies à une échelle locale vers une échelle régionale, en perspective d’une application au sein d’un système d’alerte dédié aux risques hydrométéorologiques, et (ii) passer des conditions de déclenchement d’une lave torrentielle dans la zone de production sédimentaire aux conditions de propagation jusqu'aux zones à enjeuxFlows – such as debris flows – caused by heavy rainfalls in torrents can mobilise a huge amount of sediments. When they reach the urbanised areas, they may endanger the people’s safety or cause damages. Approaches aimed at mitigating torrential risk widely rely on rainfall intensity-duration thresholds which determine the minimum debris-flow triggering conditions. However, these thresholds suffer from a high variability related not only to inter-site differences but also to the method applied to design them. In addition, they are likely to cause false prediction because the intensity and the duration of the rainfall event are not the only explanatory variables. This PhD research work aim (i) to provide a rigorous methodological framework for designing rainfall threshold in order to limit the variability sources, and (ii) to improve their performances by including both the triggering and the predisposing factors. It is supported by field observations stemming from high-frequency monitoring stations installed since 2011 on two very active debris flow-prone torrents in the French Alps: the Manival and the Réal. First, the images and data gathered between 2011 and 2016 were analysed in order to detect and characterise the sediment laden-flows. To deal with the variety of recorded flows, a phenomenological classification was performed. Second, the minimum intensity-duration threshold for debris-flow triggering was assessed. The threshold sensitivity to the rainfall event definition was estimated. Third, a logistic regression model was used to discriminate the critical rainfall events which do not lead to a debris flow. It makes it possible to select the most relevant explanatory variables. At last, several avenues of work were proposed (i) to move the knowledge of debris-flow initiation conditions from a local to a regional level, with a view to application in a warning system dedicated to hydrometeorological risks, and (ii) to improve the ability to predict, not the debris-flow triggering in the production zone, but the debris-flow propagation up to the area concerned
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Ramos, Muntada Mireia. "La síndrome de la deleció 22q11.2 com a model d’estudi per a l’anàlisi integral de factors genètics que predisposen a trastorns genòmics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673767.
Full textAbstract:
Els trastorns genòmics són malalties causades per alteracions en regions inestables del genoma que afecten a gens sensibles a dosi. L’arquitectura genòmica d’aquestes regions es caracteritza per la presència de regions de còpia única flanquejada per low-copy repeats.
Els risc de recurrència dels trastorns genòmics es considera negligible en famílies on ambdós progenitors presenten un cariotip normal i no expressen trets fenotípics compatibles amb el trastorn que afecta a la seva descendència. No obstant, aquesta consideració es basa en estudis epidemiològics que presenten limitacions relacionades principalment amb un poder estadístic reduït degut a l’anàlisi de cohorts formades per poques famílies. A més, les aproximacions epidemiològiques no aprofundeixen en l’estudi dels mecanismes moleculars que causen les delecions (recombinació homòloga no al·lèlica, NAHR), ni determinen si existeixen factors genètics que predisposen a la NAHR.
En aquesta Tesi Doctoral s’ha utilitzat la síndrome de la deleció 22q11.2 com a model d’estudi, per a identificar si, en progenitors amb descendència afecta per trastorns genòmics originats per deleció, existeixen factors que afecten els mecanismes que originen les delecions i que, per tant, incrementen el risc de recurrència i transmissió.
Els resultats obtinguts permeten assegurar que una de cada quatre famílies analitzades presenta un risc de transmissió superior a la mitja poblacional. En concret, en un 4% dels progenitors analitzats vàrem identificar la deleció 22q11.2 en mosaic, fet que incrementa notablement el risc de transmissió en aquests individus. A més, vàrem detectar que un 20% dels pares produeixen més delecions 22q11.2 en espermatozoides, la qual cosa s’ha estimat que incrementa el risc de transmissió entre 3 i 5 vegades respecte al risc basal.
Per altra banda, vàrem investigar, en els progenitors transmissors de la deleció, les causes que poguessin incrementar la susceptibilitat al fenomen de NAHR i incrementar la generació de delecions. Els nostres resultats han posat de manifest que ni l’edat paterna ni la inversió en heterozigosi de la regió 22q11.2 són factors de predisposició. No obstant, vàrem identificar variants de gens implicats en el procés de recombinació meiòtica (BRIP1, LIG3, PRDM9, RECQL5, SHOC1, TEX19) que mitjançant anàlisis in silico s’han pogut relacionar amb alteracions que predisposen a la NAHR i generen delecions.
En conjunt, l’avaluació dels factors de predisposició a la inestabilitat genòmica de la regió 22q11.2 suggereixen que el risc a la NAHR és complex i atribuïble a la confluència de diferents característiques genètiques. Pel que fa a la projecció clínica dels resultats, les nostres dades indiquen que la valoració del risc de recurrència mitjançant l’anàlisi del grau de mosaïcisme i l’anàlisi de delecions en espermatozoides, aportaria una informació rellevant en l’assessorament genètic reproductiu que reben les famílies amb descendència afecta per trastorns genòmics.Los trastornos genómicos son enfermedades originadas por alteraciones en regiones inestables del genoma que afectan a genes sensibles a dosis. La arquitectura de estas regiones se caracteriza por la presencia de regiones de copia única flanqueada por low copy repeats. El riesgo de recurrencia de los trastornos genómicos se considera negligible en familias donde ambos progenitores presentan un cariotipo normal y no expresan rasgos fenotípicos compatibles con el trastorno que afecta su descendencia. No obstante, esta consideración se basa en estudios epidemiológicos que presentan limitaciones relacionadas principalmente con un poder estadístico reducido debido al análisis de cohortes formadas por pocas familias. Además, las aproximaciones epidemiológicas no ahondan en el estudio de los mecanismos moleculares que causan las deleciones (recombinación homóloga no alélica; NAHR), ni tampoco determinan si existen factores genéticos predisponentes a la NAHR. En esta Tesis Doctoral se ha utilizado el síndrome de la deleción 22q11.2 como modelo de estudio, para identificar si en progenitores con descendencia afecta por trastornos genómicos originados por deleción, existen factores que afecten los mecanismos que originan las deleciones y que, por ende, incrementen el riesgo de recurrencia y transmisión. Los resultados conseguidos permiten asegurar que una de cada cuatro familias analizadas presenta un riesgo de transmisión superior a la media poblacional. En concreto, en un 4% de los progenitores analizados identificamos la deleción 22q11.2 en mosaico lo cual incrementa notablemente el riesgo de transmisión en estos individuos. Además, hemos identificado que un 20% de los padres producen más deleciones 22q11.2 en espermatozoides lo cual se ha estimado que incrementa el riesgo de transmisión entre 3 y 5 veces respecto al riesgo basal. Por otra parte, hemos investigado en los progenitores transmisores de la deleción las causas que pudieran incrementar la susceptibilidad al fenómeno de NAHR e incrementar la generación de deleciones. Nuestros resultados han puesto de manifiesto que ni la edad paterna, ni la inversión en heterocigosis de la región 22q11.2 son factores de predisposición. No obstante, hemos identificado variantes de genes implicados en el proceso de recombinación meiótica (BRIP1, LIG3, PRDM9, RECQL5, SHOC1, TEX19) que mediante análisis in silico se han podido relacionar con alteraciones que predisponen a la NAHR y generan deleciones. En conjunto, la evaluación de los factores de predisposición a la inestabilidad genómica de la región 22q11.2 sugieren que el riesgo a la NAHR es complejo y atribuible a la confluencia de diferentes características genéticas. En cuanto a la proyección clínica de los resultados, nuestros datos indican que la valoración del riesgo de recurrencia mediante el análisis del grado de mosaicismo, y mediante el análisis de deleciones en espermatozoides, aportaría una información relevante en el asesoramiento genético reproductivo que reciben las familias con descendencia afecta por trastornos genómicos.
Genomic disorders are diseases caused by alterations in unstable regions of the genome that affect dose-sensitive genes. The genomic architecture of these regions is characterized by the presence of single-copy regions flanked by low-copy repeats. The risk of recurrence of genomic disorders is considered negligible in families where both parents present a normal karyotype and do not express phenotypic features compatible with the disorder affecting their offspring. However, this consideration is based on epidemiological studies that present several limitations related to reduced statistical power due to the analysis of cohorts formed by a reduced number of families. In addition, epidemiological approaches do not delve into the study of the molecular mechanisms that cause deletions (nonallelic homologous recombination, NAHR), nor do they determine whether genetic factors predispose to NAHR. In this Doctoral Thesis, the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome has been used as a study model, to identify whether, in parents with offspring affected by genomic disorders caused by deletion, there are factors that affect the mechanisms which give rise to deletions and which therefore increase the risk of recurrence and transmission. The results obtained allow us to ensure that one in four families analyzed has a risk of transmission higher than the population average. Specifically, in 4% of the parents analyzed we identified the 22q11.2 deletion in mosaic, which significantly increases the risk of transmission in these individuals. In addition, we found that 20% of parents produce more 22q11.2 deletions in spermatozoa, which has been estimated to increase the risk of transmission by 3 to 5 times the baseline risk. On the other hand, we investigated, in the parents transmitting the deletion, the causes that could increase the susceptibility to the NAHR phenomenon and increase the generation of deletions. Our results have shown that neither paternal age nor inversion in heterozygosity of the 22q11.2 region are predisposing factors. Nevertheless, we identified variants of genes involved in the meiotic recombination process (BRIP1, LIG3, PRDM9, RECQL5, SHOC1, TEX19) that by in silico analysis could be related to alterations that predispose to NAHR and generate deletions. Taken together, the assessment of predisposing factors for genomic instability in the 22q11.2 region suggests that the risk in NAHR is complex and attributable to the confluence of different genetic traits. Regarding the clinical projection of the results, our data indicate that the assessment of the risk of recurrence by the analysis of the degree of mosaicism and the analysis of sperm deletions would provide relevant information in the reproductive genetic counseling received by families with offspring affected by genomic disorders.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Biologia Cel·lular
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Fernández, Morales Jessica. "Endofenotips, risc genètic i factors que predisposen a la cronificació de la migranya." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/133273.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta tesi es centra en l’estudi de la susceptibilitat a desenvolupar migranya crònica (MC). La migranya és un trastorn neurològic caracteritzat per episodis recurrents de mal de cap amb una elevada prevalença, estimada a Espanya en un 12% i que pot arribar a un 18% entre les dones. La MC és una malaltia caracteritzada per una elevada freqüència de migranya, establert en 15 dies o més al mes per la Classificació Internacional de les Cefalees (criteris IHS revisats del 2006), dels quals com a mínim 8 han de fer referència a dies de dolor migranyós, on apareixen la resta de signes associats a la migranya. Aquest procés de cronificació afecta un percentatge baix de migranyosos, aproximadament un 2%, però discapacita greument aquells que la pateixen i té un elevat impacte en la vida d’aquests pacients. A més, la MC té un elevat impacte socioeconòmic a causa de la quantitat de recursos sanitaris que aquests malalts requereixen i de la pèrdua de dies de productivitat laboral que els pacients experimenten a causa de l’elevada freqüència d’atacs. Alguns autors, a més, han proposat que la migranya episòdica d’alta freqüència (EAF), caracteritzada per una freqüència de 10 a 14 dies dies de migranya (Silberstein i Lipton, 2008), es pot considerar un endofenotip amb més susceptibilitat a MC.
El procés de cronificació es caracteritza per un augment de la freqüència de dies de migranya (progressió clínica) i pot anar acompanyat de canvis anatòmics i funcionals. Es creu que algunes persones tenen susceptibilitat per cronificar la migranya, i en aquest aspecte, la recerca actual intenta identificar les característiques clíniques i els factors de risc genètic que poden contribuir a la predisposició d’alguns migranyosos a MC.
La nostra investigació es va dividir en tres àmbits d’estudi (característiques clíniques, predisposició genètica i biomarcadors plasmàtics). D’una banda, es van estudiar les característiques clíniques associades a MC per conèixer quines característiques clíniques i factors de risc s’associen a EAF i MC. En aquests treballs es va analitzar una mostra de 1.109 migranyosos, dels quals 254 es van classificar com a MC i 207 com a EAF. L’estudi va trobar que la migranya episòdica i la migranya crònica són clínicament diferents, i que la migranya crònica més discapacitant, amb un major impacte en la qualitat de vida del pacient i més comorbilitats. A més, es va confirmar que els indicadors clínics de progressió s’observen a partir de 10 dies de migranya al mes, essent la EAF molt similar a la MC.
D’altra banda, es va estudiar la predisposició genètica a migranya i MC. Per l’estudi de factors genètics de predisposició a migranya es va utilitzar un estudi d'associació tipus cas-control amb gens candidats, que va replicar l’associació entre un polimorfisme de TRPM8 i migranya i va identificar per primera vegada associació una probable associació de variants polimòrfiques en els gens que codifiquen pel receptor de CGRP i en el gen SPTAN1. Per l’estudi de la susceptibilitat genètica a MC es va realitzar un estudi d’associació de gens candidats en EAF+MC respecte controls, en col·laboració amb l’IHGC (International Headache Genetics Consortium). Aquest és el primer estudi d’associació genètica a MC realitzat i ha suggerit algunes associacions inicials que no s’han replicat.
Finalment, es van realitzar alguns estudis de biomarcadors plasmàtics de la MC. Es va detectar una alteració en el balanç MMP-2/TIMP-2 i MMP-9/TIMP-1 en pacients amb migranya respecte controls, que suggereix una probable disfunció de l’endoteli vascular cerebral. Cap de les molècules estudiades però, es va trobar expressada diferencialment entre ME i MC ni en període interictal ni durant l’atac de migranya.This thesis focuses on the study of the susceptibility to develop chronic migraine (CM). Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of headache with a high prevalence estimated at 12% in Spain and that can reach 18% among women. CM is a disease characterized by a high frequency of migraine in at least 15 days per month set by the International Classification of Headache (revised IHS criteria, 2006), of which at least 8 must refer to days of migraine pain, which are chacaterized by other signs associated with migraine. This chronification process affects a small percentage of migraineurs, approximately 2%, but it’s highly disabling for those who suffer it and has a significant impact on the lives of these patients. In addition, CM has a high socioeconomic impact due to the amount of health resources that these patients require and the lost days of work productivity that patients experience due to the high frequency of attacks. Some authors have also suggested that the high frequency episodic migraine (HFEM), characterized by a frequency of 10 days to 14 days of migraine (Silberstein and Lipton, 2008), can be considered as an endophenotype with more susceptibility to CM. The chronification process is characterized by an increase in the frequency of migraine days (clinical progression) and may be accompanied by functional and anatomical changes. It is believed that some people have chronic migraine susceptibility, and in this respect, the present research attempts to identify clinical and genetic risk factors that may contribute to the predisposition of developing CM. Our research was divided into three areas of study (clinical features, genetic predisposition and plasmatic biomarkers). First, we studied the clinical characteristics associated with CM to identify which clinical features and risk factors were associated with HFEM and CM. We analyzed a sample of 1,109 migraineurs, of which 254 were classified as MC and 207 as HFEM. The study found that episodic migraine and chronic migraine are clinically different, and that CM is more disabling, with a major impact on the quality of life of patients and comorbidities. In addition, it was confirmed that the clinical indicators of progression are observed after 10 days of migraine days per month, being the HFEM very similar to CM. Furthermore, we studied genetic predisposition to migraine and to developing CM. Genetic predisposition to migraine was assessed by a case-control association study with candidate genes. An association between a previously described polymorphism in TRPM8 and migraine was replicated and a probable association association of polymorphic variants in genes encoding the receptor of CGRP and the gene SPTAN1 was firstly described. To study genetic susceptibility to CM we conducted a candidate gene association study with HFEM and CM patients and healthy controls, in collaboration with IHGC (International Headache Genetics Consortium). This is the first genetic association study performed in CM and has suggested some initial associations that have not been further replicated. Finally, some studies were conducted in plasma biomarkers of CM. A dysbalance in MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 levels was found in patients with migraine compared to controls, suggesting a probable cerebral vascular endothelial dysfunction. None of the molecules studied was found differentially expressed between ME and MC nor interictal period or during the migraine attack.
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Jill, Ryan. "A South African retrospective study of children’s exposure to domestic violence as a predisposing factor for revictimization in adulthood." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3897.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Artium - MADomestic violence has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Every year, 275 million children globally are exposed to domestic violence. Witnessing domestic violence during childhood has been linked to various risks such as potential health risks, unemployment, deviant behavior, susceptibility to other subsets of family violence, various psychopathologies, as well as potential perpetration and revictimization. Boys are twice as likely to become perpetrators of abuse in adulthood if they have witnessed domestic violence in comparison to boys from nonviolent homes. Girls exposed to domestic violence were shown to be more accepting of abusive married life than girls from non-violent homes. The aim of the study was to describe the perceptions of childhood exposure to domestic violence as a predisposing factor for revictimization in adulthood. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional correlational design. The sample consisted of 77 female participants from shelters across Cape Town, Western Cape. The study employed an adapted version of The Child Exposure to Domestic Violence (CEDV) Scale. The questionnaire was divided into three sections, namely demographic details, types of exposure to domestic violence the adult may have experienced as a child, and lastly current adult experiences of domestic violence. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences V21 (SPSS). Results suggest that there is a significant positive relationship between past perceived experiences of domestic violence and present perceived experiences of domestic violence. Limitations and recommendations are stipulated for proposed intervention strategies and further study expansion on this topic