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Journal articles on the topic 'Predominantly electrical parameters (frequency and duty cycle)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Adnan, Akbar, Adnan Qaiser Muhamad, Hussain Ahmad, Ali Mustafa Rajput, and Dansheng Xiong Prof. "Surface Modification of Aluminum Alloy 6060 through Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation." International Journal of Engineering Works 4, no. 6 (2017): 114–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.802734.

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The impacts of electrical parameters throughout PEO development so they can be upgraded to deliver coatings with improved properties were contemplated. Alumina coatings were saved on 6060 aluminum amalgam substrates in a soluble silicate electrolyte utilizing a unipolar pulse DC current mode. The impact of preparing conditions, predominantly electrical parameters (frequency and duty cycle), on the arrangement, development conduct and properties of PEO coatings were researched. Distinctive portrayal techniques including checking electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray d

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2

Abbas, Aqeel, Hsuan-Ping Kung, and Hsin-Chih Lin. "Effects of Electrical Parameters on Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings on Pure Titanium." Micromachines 14, no. 10 (2023): 1950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14101950.

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The micro-arc oxidation process was used to apply a ceramic oxide coating on a pure titanium substrate using calcium acetate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate as an electrolyte. The influence of the current frequency and duty ratio on the surface morphology, phase composition, wear behavior, and corrosion resistance were analyzed by employing a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, ball-on-disk apparatus, and potentiodynamic polarization, respectively. Analyses of the surface and cross-sectional morphologies revealed that the MAO films prepared via a low current frequency (100 Hz)

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3

Turkkan, Yusuf Alptekin, Muhammed Aslan, Alper Tarkan, Özgür Aslan, Celalettin Yuce, and Nurettin Yavuz. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Fiber Laser Cutting of Stainless-Steel Plates Using Taguchi-Based Grey Relational Analysis." Metals 13, no. 1 (2023): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010132.

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Stainless-steel has become a widely preferred material type in the marine, aerospace, sanitary, industrial equipment, and construction industries due to its superior corrosion resistance, high mechanic properties, high strength, formability, and thermal and electrical conductivity. In this study, a multi-objective optimization method based on grey relational analysis was employed to optimize the fiber laser-cutting parameters of cutting speed, focal position, frequency, and duty cycle. Surface roughness and kerf width, which are the two most important parameters that determine laser-cutting qu

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4

Li, Haoren, Yong Huang, Qingyu Meng, and Xun Wang. "Effect of Electrical Parameters on the Structure and Properties of Aluminum Foil Microarc Oxidation Film." Metals 14, no. 10 (2024): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14101108.

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Through a three-factor, two-level orthogonal experiment, the effects of varying electrical parameters (voltage, frequency, and duty cycle) on the thickness, pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, morphology, and phase composition of the micro-arc oxidized film of aluminum foil in constant voltage mode were investigated. The aluminum foil was oxidized by micro-arc oxidation for 50 min. Eddy-current thickness gauges were used to measure the oxide film’s thickness, TV characterization testers were used to test the film’s resistance to pressure, kinetic potential polarization curves were used

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Mangala, B. Satardekar*(ME Student) Deepak V. Bhoir (H.O.D. &. Guide). "ANALYSIS AND ENHANCEMENT IN THE PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRICAL MUSCLE STIMULATOR." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 1 (2017): 235–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.246592.

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The nature of variety of classical biomedical applications covering basic electrophysiology to cardiovascular hemodynamics is nowadays PC-based and being automated using software tools. Muscle Stimulator is used by physiotherapist to give physiotherapeutic treatment to the patients who have muscle related problems. A patient is subjected to electrical pulses using electrodes and it heals the patient. These signals are produced by implementing a Virtual Instrument code using software tools. This system is more accurate, compact, more flexible and self diagnostic. This is implemented and GUI is

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Mangala, B. Satardekar*(ME Student) Deepak V. Bhoir (H.O.D. &. Guide). "ANALYSIS AND ENHANCEMENT IN THE PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRICAL MUSCLE STIMULATOR." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 1 (2017): 235–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.246594.

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The nature of variety of classical biomedical applications covering basic electrophysiology to cardiovascular hemodynamics is nowadays PC-based and being automated using software tools. Muscle Stimulator is used by physiotherapist to give physiotherapeutic treatment to the patients who have muscle related problems. A patient is subjected to electrical pulses using electrodes and it heals the patient. These signals are produced by implementing a Virtual Instrument code using software tools. This system is more accurate, compact, more flexible and self diagnostic. This is implemented and GUI is

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7

Górecki, Krzysztof, Przemysław Ptak, and Michał Gensikowski. "An Influence of Parameters of the Control Signal of Power LEDs on Their Junction Temperature and Emitted Light." Energies 16, no. 14 (2023): 5544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145544.

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This article presents the method of implementation and the results of experimental investigations illustrating an influence of parameters of the signal controlling the current flowing through power LEDs on their junction temperature and on parameters characterizing the light emitted by them. The measurement system used and the tested power LEDs are described. The results of measurements of the junction temperature of the tested devices, the values of the average value of the power dissipated in the tested devices and the photometric and radiometric parameters of these devices obtained for diff

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8

Faizal Kasri, Nur, and Mohamed Afendi Mohamed Piah. "Development of Compact Pulse Generator with Adjustable Pulse Width for Pulse Electric Field Treatment Technology." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 2 (2018): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp889-896.

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<span lang="EN-MY">The pulse generator which has been implemented in the pulse electric field (PEF) treatment system for food processing is worth to be highlighted and improved. It is parallel with the advancement in semiconductor technology, which offers robust and accurate devices. This research is an effort to produce a low cost, compact and reliable pulse generator as well as equipped with a pulse width modulation (PWM) method for wide selection of frequency and duty cycle. The result shows that the simulation process has proven the theoretical concept to be right and yields the desi

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9

Chen, Yuke, Pengfei Zhou, and Meini Yuan. "Effect of Pulse Duty Cycle and Oxidation Time on Microstructure and Properties of Micro-arc Oxidation Coatings on Ti6Al4V Alloy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2419, no. 1 (2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2419/1/012025.

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Abstract Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technology can in-suit generate coatings with high hardness and strong adhesion on the surface of titanium alloy, thereby greatly improve the application range of titanium alloy. The morphology and properties of coatings are controlled by changing electrical parameters such as duty cycle and oxidation time. This work mainly aims to study the influence of different duty cycles and oxidation times on MAO coatings microstructures and properties of Ti6Al4V alloy under the condition of constant voltage and pulse frequency. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) an

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10

Nhut, Le Minh, and Duong Huynh Minh Nhut. "Effects of Pulse Frequency on Performance of Electrochemical Cooling Water Treatment for Cooling Tower of Water-Cooled Chiller." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 19 (September 2021): 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj19.365.

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Due to the rapid economic development in recent years, water-chiller is being used more and more in hotels, restaurants, resorts, and industrial zones in Vietnam. The cooling tower’s cooling water quality is an important factor in determining the effect on electrical consumption and the coefficient of performance of a water-cooled chiller. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the quality of cooling water during the operation time of the water-cooled chiller. The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of the pulse frequency and operational parameters such as current density, pulse dut

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11

Engleitner, Raffael, José Renes Pinheiro, Fábio Ecke Bisogno, Matthias Radecker, and Yujia Yangy. "Normalized statical analysis with frequency and load variation for the class-E converter based on piezoelectric transformers." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 22, no. 6 (2011): 573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592011000600003.

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Piezoelectric transformers (PTs) allow the design of promising power supply applications, increasing efficiency, reducing size, facilitating the achievement of high transformation ratio, besides providing high immunity against electromagnetic noise. Due to the electrical equivalent model having resonant characteristics, some resonant topologies are used to build these power supplies, i.e. the Class-E converter. In order to make easier the analysis of high order converters, it's possible to use a normalized analysis method. The control of the Class-E converter using PTs is implemented through t

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12

Van der Hoeven, J. H., and F. Lange. "Supernormal muscle fiber conduction velocity during intermittent isometric exercise in human muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 2 (1994): 802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.2.802.

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Muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) and surface electromyographic parameters were studied in the brachial biceps muscle of healthy males during voluntary intermittent isometric contractions at 50% of maximum force. Recovery in the following 15 min was then observed. The measurements were performed during duty cycles of 33, 25, and 20%. The main finding was a supernormal MFCV during the exercise phase when the duty cycle was 25 and 20%. The level continued to increase during the recovery phase. During the exercise phase when the duty cycle was 33%, the MFCV decreased slightly (suggesting th

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Jain, Chandra Prakash, Prachi Paneri, Suhani Rathore, and Prashant Yadav. "A REVIEW: AN IMPROVED LLC RESONANT INVERTER FOR INDUCTION FREQUENCY USING DIFFERENT ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Technical Research & Science 9, Spl (2024): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30780/specialissue-iset-2024/044.

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In this paper, A simple power-control scheme for high frequency an LLC resonant inverter with asymmetrical control technique is proposed. The aim is to control the output power for high-temperature applications like steel melting, brazing, and hardening, where the load parameters and resonant frequency vary substantially throughout the system operation. The operating frequency is controlled using phase locked loop to track for the resonant frequency. The output power is controlled by adjusting the switch duty cycle. The LLC resonant tank is designed with a matching transformer in between the s

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14

Huang, Xin, Yuming Wang, and Yazhou Chen. "Analysis of Electromagnetic Interference Effect of the Pulse Interference on the Navigation Receiver." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (January 21, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3049899.

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Aiming at the problem that satellite navigation signals are easily interfered by the radio frequency (RF) pulse signal, the electromagnetic interference effect of RF pulse on the navigation receiver is studied in this paper. A mathematical model of the pulse interference signal is established, and we choose the bit error rate (BER) as an indicator of the quality of the BDS signal. It is found that the BER is proportional to the duty cycle of the pulse signal and inversely proportional to the equivalent carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0) through simulation. Then, an experiment of electromagnetic inj

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15

Kishore, Hreetabh, Chandrakant Kumar Nirala, and Anupam Agrawal. "Laser Micromachining in Fabrication of Reverse-µEDM Tools for Producing Arrayed Protrusions." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (2022): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020306.

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This paper focuses on the fabrication of high-quality novel products using a µEDM process variant called Reverse-µEDM. The tool plate required for the Reverse-µEDM is fabricated using Nd: YAG-based laser beam micromachining (LBµM) at the optimized process parameters. The Grey relation analysis technique is used for optimizing LBµM parameters for producing tool plates with arrayed micro-holes in elliptical and droplet profiles. Titanium sheets of 0.5 mm thickness were used for such micro-holes, which can be used as a Reverse-µEDM tool. The duty cycle (a combination of pulse width and frequency)

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16

Urmoniene, Lione, Jelena Dikun, and Jolanta Januteniene. "Optimization of VFD Operations for Transporting Equipment of Packages." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 27, no. 1 (2021): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.26584.

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This study is focused on the efficiency of automated transferring system of packages equipped by variable-frequency drive (VFD) and servo drive motor. It was found that rotation frequency of induction motors and linear speed of servo drive decisively affected the unit efficiency that operates in the periodic mode. The system duty cycle was divided in two separate parts taking into account time spans needed to complete the specific tasks by each separate equipment of the system. In order to reduce the power usage of the system, the duration of each part of cycle was extended. Lowered electricit

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17

Hoyos, Fredy E., John E. Candelo-Becerra, and Carlos I. Hoyos Velasco. "Application of Zero Average Dynamics and Fixed Point Induction Control Techniques to Control the Speed of a DC Motor with a Buck Converter." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051807.

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Several technological applications require well-designed control systems to induce a desired speed in direct current (DC) motors. Some controllers present saturation in the duty cycle, which generates variable switching frequency and subharmonics. The zero average dynamics and fixed point induction control (ZAD-FPIC) techniques have been shown to reduce these problems; however, little research has been done for DC motors, considering fixed switching frequency, quantization effects, and delays. Therefore, this paper presents the speed control of a DC motor by using a buck converter controlled w

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18

Chen, Wenguang, Shoutao Wang, Zhijian Liu, Caiyi Wei, and Yuanyuan Peng. "Development of Bidirectional Pulsed Power Supply and Its Effect on Copper Plating Effect of Printed Circuit Board Via-Filling." Electronics 12, no. 3 (2023): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030631.

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A bidirectional pulse power supply with continuously adjustable forward parameters 8 V/20 A and reverse parameters 20 V/50 A was designed using DSP (Digital Signal Processor), and the bidirectional pulse power supply was used to test copper plating on printed circuit boards with filled via holes. The effects of frequencies, pulse width ratios of forward and reverse currents, and current densities on the copper plating effect were investigated by the single variable method and were compared with DC copper plating. The experimental results showed that compared with DC power supply, the bidirecti

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19

Ngaleu, Guy, Michael Theiler, Xenia Straßer, et al. "Influence of Switching on the Aging of High Power Lithium-Ion Cells." Batteries 8, no. 4 (2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8040033.

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For intelligent battery systems that are able to control the current flow for each individual cell, the multilevel inverter is an interesting approach to replace the bidirectional AC/DC-converter and improve flexibility of charging system and signal quality in both directions. Therefore, the cells are modulated by switching varying the duty cycle, the current and the frequency up to the kHz-range. This is only beneficial if the switching does not lead to a significant additional aging. The scientific gap to assess and understand the impact of switching is investigated in this paper by testing

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Pan, Tan, and Yuanwen Zou. "Fully Implantable Neural Stimulator with Variable Parameters." Electronics 11, no. 7 (2022): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071104.

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Neural implantable systems have promoted the development of neurosurgery research and clinical practice. However, traditional tethered neural implants use physical wires for power supply and signal transmission, which have many restrictions on implant targets. Therefore, untethered, wireless, and controllable neural stimulation has always been widely recognized as the engineering goal of neural implants. In this paper, magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer (MCR-WPT) technology is adopted to design and manufacture a wireless stimulator for the electrical stimulation experiment o

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21

Popović, I., and M. Zlatanović. "Electrical and Optical Signal Analysis of Pulse Powered Glow Discharge System." Materials Science Forum 518 (July 2006): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.518.337.

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The electrical and optical signal waveforms of nitrogen/hydrogen glow discharges used for plasma nitriding process were recorded and analyzed. The shape of the discharge voltage and current signals is dependent on the process parameters, pulse plasma generator properties and cathode geometry. It has been found that the dynamic parameters of the electrical signal waveforms contain information related to the charged particles generation, which is relevant to the homogeneity of different gas discharge surface treatment processes. On the other hand, information related to the active species genera

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Baiocco, Gabriele, Silvio Genna, Erica Menna, and Nadia Ucciardello. "Study on Pulse-Reverse Electroplating Process for the Manufacturing of a Graphene-Based Coating." Materials 16, no. 2 (2023): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020854.

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This work investigates the feasibility of increasing the electric conductivity of an AA1370 aluminium wire by using pulse-reverse electrodeposition to realize Cu-Graphene composite coating. The graphene adopted was in the form of nanoplates (GnP). To study the effects of plating parameters, a 23 factorial plan was developed and tested. During the tests, the following process parameters were varied: the current density, the frequency and the duty cycle. The ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA)) was adopted to evaluate their influence on the coated wires’ morphology and electrical conductivity resistanc

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Pozo, Borja, José Garate, José Araujo, and Susana Ferreiro. "Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting System Adapted for Different Environmental Operation Conditions: Analysis, Modeling, Simulation and Selection of Devices." Sensors 19, no. 7 (2019): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071578.

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The present research work proposes a photovoltaic energy harvester and an appropriate direct current (DC)/DC converter for a harvesting system after the study of the devices and taking the operation conditions. Parameters such as power, efficiency and voltage are taken into account under different environment conditions of illumination and temperature in order to obtain the best possible response. For this reason, suitable metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), diode, coil, frequency, duty-cycle and load are selected and analyzed for a DC/DC converter with boost architectu

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Lu, Shuai, Xiaowei Sun, Bowei Zhang, and Junsheng Wu. "Review of Cathode Plasma Electrolysis Treatment: Progress, Applications, and Advancements in Metal Coating Preparation." Materials 17, no. 16 (2024): 3929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17163929.

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Cathodic plasma electrolytic treatment (CPET) is an emerging surface modification and coating preparation technology. By utilizing plasma discharge induced through electrolysis and the cooling impact of electrolyte, metal cleaning, saturation, and coating preparation are efficiently achieved. In this review, the principle, application, and development of the CPET process are briefly summarized based on the past literature. Detailed insights are provided into the influence of electrolyte parameters (pH, metal salt concentration, and temperature), electrical parameters (voltage, duty cycle, and

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25

Rao, L. Navinkumar, Sanjay Gairola, Sandhya Lavety, and Nurul Islam. "Design of DC-DC Boost Converter with Negative Feedback Control for Constant Current Operation." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 4 (2017): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i4.pp1575-1584.

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In this paper design of DC-DC boost converter with constant current control, charging is presented to charge the battery of electric vehicles. The different methods of battery charging are discussed. The charging profile of different types of batteries is investigated and compared with respect to charging time. The battery current is sensed and compared with a reference current and the generated actuating signal which is an error is feed to PI controller to compute a duty cycle of boost converter for constant current operation. A 6 V dc supply is obtained by using a step down transformer and d

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26

Theiler, Michael, Dominik Schneider, and Christian Endisch. "Experimental Investigation of State and Parameter Estimation within Reconfigurable Battery Systems." Batteries 9, no. 3 (2023): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9030145.

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The battery system is one of the most-important, but also -critical components in the electric power-train. The battery’s system states and parameters are commonly tracked by the battery monitoring system. However, in reality, the accuracy of the state and parameter estimation may suffer from insufficient excitation of the system. Since the current states and parameters serve as the basis for many battery management system functions, this might lead to incorrect operation and severe damage. Reconfigurable battery systems allow enhancing the system’s excitation by applying a switching operation

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27

Liu, Hao, and Adayi Xieeryazidan. "Study of Gas Film Characteristics in Electrochemical Discharge Machining and Their Effects on Discharge Energy Distribution." Micromachines 14, no. 5 (2023): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14051079.

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Glass is a hard and brittle insulating material that is widely used in optics, biomedicine, and microelectromechanical systems. The electrochemical discharge process, which involves an effective microfabrication technology for insulating hard and brittle materials, can be used to perform effective microstructural processing on glass. The gas film is the most important medium in this process, and its quality is an important factor in the formation of good surface microstructures. This study focuses on the gas film properties and their influence on the discharge energy distribution. In this stud

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28

Rwamurangwa, Evode, Juan Díaz González, Pedro José Villegas Saiz, Juan Antonio Martín-Ramos, and Alberto Martin Pernía. "A Parallel Resonant Converter Polynomial Model Implemented in a Digital Signal Controller." Electronics 11, no. 7 (2022): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071085.

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Due to their exceptional performance in coping with large variations in output voltage and current, parallel resonant converters (PRC) are commonly used in high-voltage applications. The incorporation of step-up transformer parasitic components as part of a power topology, on the right duty and a suitable switching frequency, determines the high efficiency and wide variety of applications with PRC. Switching losses are reduced in the same topology by tracking and running on the optimum mode for each power and voltage by a set frequency and duty. The PRC’s static model behaviors, under optimum

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29

Zhang, Weidong, Dongzhou Jia, Min Yang, et al. "Surface Quality of High-Concentration SiC/Al Grinding with Electroassisted Biolubricant MQL." Coatings 14, no. 7 (2024): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14070804.

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SiC/Al composites are widely used in aerospace and other fields due to their excellent mechanical properties. For large-concentration composites, due to the extremely high proportion of SiC and the unstable interface between the two phases, the SiC particles are broken and detached during the processing, which makes the surface quality of the workpiece insufficient to meet the service requirements. Electrically assisted cutting technology is expected to break through this technical bottleneck. This paper investigates the surface quality of high-concentration SiC/Al grinding with electroassiste

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Rashid, M. A. Z. A., A. Ponniran, M. K. R. Noor, J. N. Jumadril, M. H. Yatim, and A. N. Kasiran. "Optimization of PFC cuk converter parameters design for minimization of THD and voltage ripple." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 1 (2019): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i1.pp514-521.

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This paper presents the optimization of PFC Cuk converter parameter design for the minimization of THD and voltage ripple. In this study, the PFC Cuk converter is designed to operate in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) in order to achieve almost unity power factor. The passive components, i.e., inductor and capacitor are designed based on switching frequency and resonant frequency. Nevertheless, the ranges of duty cycle for buck and boost operations are 0&lt;D&lt;0.5 and 0.5&lt;D&lt;1, respectively for the output voltage variation of the converter. The principle of the param

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Cheng, H. C., C. H. Wu, and S. Y. Lin. "Thermal and Electrical Characterization of Power Mosfet Module Using Coupled Field Analysis." Journal of Mechanics 35, no. 5 (2019): 641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2019.19.

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ABSTRACTTemperature resulting from the joule heating power and the turn-on and turn-off dissipation of high-power, high-frequency applications is the root cause of their thermal instability, electrical performance degradation, and even thermal-fatigue failure. Thus, the study presents thermal and electrical characterizations of the power MOSFET module packaged in SOT-227 under natural convection and forced convection through three-dimensional (3D) thermal-electric (TE) coupled field analysis. In addition, the influences of some key parameters like electric loads, ambient conditions, thermal ma

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Khabibullin, R. A., S. S. Pushkarev, R. R. Galiev, et al. "Spectral Characteristics of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers." Nano- i Mikrosistemnaya Tehnika 24, no. 2 (2022): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/nmst.24.96-102.

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Terahertz quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs) are prospective radiation sources for high-resolution gas spectroscopy. A wide range of operating frequencies (from 1.2 to 5.4 THz), a narrow generation line (up to 10 kHz), the ability to operate on several radiative transitions (two-color lasers, generation of frequency combs) and other unique characteristics of THz QCLs make it possible to create a new generation of gas spectrometers for biomedical and environmental applications. The article discusses the possibilities of controlling the spectral characteristics of THz QCLs by changing the operati

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Wang, Xinlin, Jinkun Jiang, and Yongchang Tian. "A Review on Macroscopic and Microstructural Features of Metallic Coating Created by Pulsed Laser Material Deposition." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (2022): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050659.

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Owing to the unparalleled advantages in repairing of high value-add component with big size, fabricating of functionally graded material, and cladding to enhance the surface properties of parts, the laser material deposition (LMD) is widely used. Compared to the continuous wave (CW) laser, the controllability of the laser energy would be improved and the temperature history would be different under the condition of pulse wave (PW) laser through changing the pulse parameters, such as duty cycle and pulse frequency. In this paper, the research status of temperature field simulation, surface qual

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Kim, Jeonghee, Thomas Wichmann, Omer T. Inan, and Stephen P. DeWeerth. "Analyzing the Effects of Parameters for Tremor Modulation via Phase-Locked Electrical Stimulation on a Peripheral Nerve." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 1 (2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12010076.

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(1) Background: Non-invasive neuromodulation is a promising alternative to medication or deep-brain stimulation treatment for Parkinson’s Disease or essential tremor. In previous work, we developed and tested a wearable system that modulates tremor via the non-invasive, electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. In this article, we examine the proper range and the effects of various stimulation parameters for phase-locked stimulation. (2) Methods: We recruited nine participants with essential tremor. The subjects performed a bean-transfer task that mimics an eating activity to elicit kinetic

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Ji, Feng, Chao Chen, Yongfei Zhao, and Byungwon Min. "Optimization of Copper Electroforming Process Parameters Based on Double Hidden Layer BP Neural Network." Micromachines 12, no. 10 (2021): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12101157.

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In order to optimize the pulse electroforming copper process, a double hidden layer BP (back propagation) neural network was constructed. Through sample training, the mapping relationship between electroforming copper process conditions and target properties was accurately established, and the prediction of microhardness and tensile strength of the electroforming layer in the pulse electroforming copper process was realized. The predicted results were verified by electrodeposition copper test in copper pyrophosphate solution system with pulse power supply. The results show that the microhardne

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Surya, Sumukh, Mohan Krishna Srinivasan, and Sheldon Williamson. "Modeling of Average Current in Non-Ideal Buck and Synchronous Buck Converters for Low Power Application." Electronics 10, no. 21 (2021): 2672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10212672.

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In this paper, a comparative analysis of the average switch/inductor current between ideal and non-ideal buck and synchronous buck converters is performed and verified against a standard LTspice model. The mathematical modeling of the converters was performed using volt-sec and amp-sec balance equations and analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink. The transients in the output voltage and the inductor current were observed. The transfer function of the switch current to the duty cycle (Gid) in open loop configuration for low-power converters operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) was modeled usin

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Saçu, İbrahim Ethem. "An Electronically Adjustable Waveform Generator." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 12 (2020): 2050191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620501911.

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A novel electronically adjustable square/triangular waveform generator has been introduced in this paper. The proposed circuit employs one active element, the multi-output current-controlled current conveyor transconductance amplifier, and one passive component grounded capacitor only. The resistorless realization of the presented generator provides a good advantage in terms of integrated circuit fabrication. In the offered circuit, the frequency and amplitude of the output square wave are electronically tunable by means of relevant bias currents. Additionally, the upper and lower threshold le

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Rahman, Tawfikur, S. M. A. Motakabber, Muhammad I. Ibrahimy, and A. H. M. Zahirul Alam. "Design and implementation of a series switching SPSI for PV cell to use in carrier based grid synchronous system." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 2 (2019): 349–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i2.1507.

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A carrier-based grid synchronous method is proposed to develop the system efficiency, phase and power quality of the inverter output waves. The operating principle of a single-phase phase synchronous inverter (SPSI) is introduced, with proper synchronous paid to the switching-frequency synchronizing voltage made by the interleaved process, as well as actual mitigation approaches. In the construction of the SPSI, input and output filters are electrically coupled with the two sides of an inverter. The inverter power electronic switches and other electrical components are operated by carrier-base

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Tawfikur, Rahman, M. A. Motakabber S., I. Ibrahimy Muhammad, and H. M. Zahirul Alam A. "Design and implementation of a series switching SPSI for PV cell to use in carrier based grid synchronous system." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 2 (2019): 349–66. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i2.1507.

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A carrier-based grid synchronous method is proposed to develop the system efficiency, phase and power quality of the inverter output waves. The operating principle of a single-phase phase synchronous inverter (SPSI) is introduced, with proper synchronous paid to the switching-frequency synchronizing voltage made by the interleaved process, as well as actual mitigation approaches. In the construction of the SPSI, input and output filters are electrically coupled with the two sides of an inverter. The inverter power electronic switches and other electrical components are operated by carrier-base

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Zompanti, Alessandro, Davide Ciarrocchi, Simone Grasso, et al. "Improving Electrical Stimulation Effectiveness and Versatility for Non-Invasive Transdermal Monitoring Applications via an Innovative Mixed-Signal Electronic Interface." Sensors 24, no. 23 (2024): 7626. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24237626.

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Electrical stimulation can be used in several applications such as fatigue reduction, muscle rehabilitation, neurorehabilitation, neuro-prosthesis and pain relief. Moreover, electrical stimulation can be used for drug delivery applications or body fluids extraction (e.g., sweat and interstitial fluid) to successively monitor several parameters, such as glucose, lactate, etc. All these applications are performed using electrical stimulator devices capable of applying constant voltage pulses or constant current pulses via electrodes to human tissues. Usually, constant current stimulators are mos

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Dallari, Elisa, Massimiliano Bononi, Annalisa Pola, Marialaura Tocci, Paolo Veronesi, and Roberto Giovanardi. "Pulsed Current Effect on the Hard Anodizing of an AlSi10Mg Aluminum Alloy Obtained via Additive Manufacturing." Surfaces 6, no. 1 (2023): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6010008.

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The hard anodizing treatments of cast Al-Si alloys are notoriously difficult. Indeed, their microstructural features hinder the growth of a uniform, compact, and defect-free anodic oxide. In this paper, AlSi10Mg samples, produced via Gravity Casting (GC) and Additive Manufacturing, i.e., Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), were hard anodized in a sulfuric acid bath, in order to verify how the particular microstructure obtained via L-PBF affects the thickness, hardness, compactness, and defectiveness of the anodic oxide. Moreover, for the first time, Pulsed Direct Current (PDC) procedures were use

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Pan, Su, Xiaohua Tu, Jianxing Yu, et al. "Optimization of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Anodizing Process in NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7 Environmental-Friendly Electrolyte." Coatings 12, no. 5 (2022): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050578.

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The optimization of NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7 electrolyte for the plasma electrolytic oxidation of AZ31B magnesium alloy was investigated through orthogonal tests. The properties of the anodized films were evaluated by film thickness, roughness measurements, salt spray tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and potentiodynamic polarization tests, respectively. The orthogonal tests revealed that the optimal formulation of the electrolyte comprised NaOH 45 g/L, Na2SiO3 50 g/L, and Na2B4O7 90 g/L. NaOH exhibited the most significant effect on film thickness, while Na2SiO3 h

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43

Pan, Su, Xiaohua Tu, Jianxing Yu, et al. "Optimization of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Anodizing Process in NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7 Environmental-Friendly Electrolyte." Coatings 12, no. 5 (2022): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050578.

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The optimization of NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7 electrolyte for the plasma electrolytic oxidation of AZ31B magnesium alloy was investigated through orthogonal tests. The properties of the anodized films were evaluated by film thickness, roughness measurements, salt spray tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and potentiodynamic polarization tests, respectively. The orthogonal tests revealed that the optimal formulation of the electrolyte comprised NaOH 45 g/L, Na2SiO3 50 g/L, and Na2B4O7 90 g/L. NaOH exhibited the most significant effect on film thickness, while Na2SiO3 h

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Thangamani, Geethapriyan, Muthuramalingam Thangaraj, Palani Iyamperumal Anand, et al. "Influence of Silver-Coated Tool Electrode on Electrochemical Micromachining of Incoloy 825." Coatings 13, no. 5 (2023): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050963.

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Incoloy 825 alloy is often used in calorifiers, propeller shafts, and tank vehicles owing to the improved resistance to aqueous corrosion. The electrochemical micromachining process can be utilized to machine such an engineering material owing to higher precision and lower tool wear. In the present study, an investigation was performed to enhance the process of creating micro-holes using silver-coated copper tool electrodes. The sodium nitrate electrolyte was used under different levels of input parameters such as voltage, electrolyte concentration, frequency, and duty cycle with a view to imp

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Conley, Caitlin E. W., Carl G. Mattacola, Kate N. Jochimsen, Emily V. Dressler, Christian Lattermann, and Jennifer S. Howard. "A Comparison of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Parameters for Postoperative Quadriceps Strength in Patients After Knee Surgery: A Systematic Review." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 13, no. 2 (2021): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738120964817.

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Context: Postoperative quadriceps strength weakness after knee surgery is a persistent issue patients and health care providers encounter. Objective: To investigate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) parameters on quadriceps strength after knee surgery. Data Sources: CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed were systematically searched in December 2018. Study Selection: Studies were excluded if they did not assess quadriceps strength or if they failed to report the NMES parameters or quadriceps strength values. Additionally, studies that applied NMES to numerous muscle g

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Lara-Reyes, Josué, Mario Ponce-Silva, Leobardo Hernández-González, Susana E. DeLeón-Aldaco, Claudia Cortés-García, and Jazmin Ramirez-Hernandez. "Series RLC Resonant Circuit Used as Frequency Multiplier." Energies 15, no. 24 (2022): 9334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249334.

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Currently, the design of resonant power converters has only been developed while operating in the steady state, while the design operating in the transient stage has not been considered nor reported. This paper is interested in testing the performance of the resonant circuits operating in the transient stage and finding applications where benefits can be obtained from this form of operation. One application in which it is possible to obtain benefits from designing resonant circuits in the transient state is in the area of frequency multiplication. Usually, to achieve frequency multiplication,

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Górecki, Krzysztof, Kalina Detka, and Krystian Kaczerski. "The Influence of the Transformer Core Material on the Characteristics of a Full-Bridge DC-DC Converter." Energies 15, no. 17 (2022): 6160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176160.

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The paper analyzes the influence of the material from which the ferromagnetic core of a transformer is made on the characteristics of a full-bridge converter. Experimental investigations were carried out for three bridge converters containing transformers with ring cores made of various materials: iron powder, ferrite, and nanocrystalline material. The properties of the aforementioned converters were considered in a wide range of changes of input voltage, load resistance, as well as frequency and the duty cycle of the control signal. Based on the obtained measurements results of the relationsh

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Bettaieb, Mouna, Ghazi Bouzid, Saif Benali, and Hatem Trabelsi. "Analysis and Optimization of Voltage-Driven Double-Balanced Passive Mixer for MICS Band Receiver." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 12 (2019): 1950204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619502049.

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This paper presents analysis of a 25% duty-cycle fully-differential double-balanced passive mixer dedicated to medical implantable devices. The proposed passive mixer is part of a medical implant communication service (MICS) receiver front-end operating at 402–405[Formula: see text]MHz. By performing time-domain analysis, two LTI models have been developed to study the fully-differential double-balanced passive mixer: A simplified model and a complete model taking into account harmonic components. Both models account for the AC coupling capacitors at the mixer input and account for baseband vo

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AlJandal, Meshari J., Khaled S. AlRasheed, and Muhammad R. A. A. Jamal. "Comparative Analysis of a Three Phase Inverter with Different Loads." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 10, no. 4 (2021): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d6531.1110421.

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DC–AC inverters play a crucial factor in the modern era to satisfying the demand of energy conversion, which is definitely for a better lifestyle and developing smart facilities. In this paper a deeper study has been taken place to understand the behavior of the inverter base on three phase bridge inverters. The scenarios for the inverters respectively with pure resistive loads R and inductive resistive loads RL are both discussed. The term load is referring to the brushless DC motor (BLDC) which is more reliable than regular or permanent magnet DC motors, this study will help to understand th

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50

Meshari, J. AlJandal, R. Jamal Muhammad, and S. AlRasheed Khaled. "Comparative Analysis of a Three-Phase Inverter with Different Loads." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 10, no. 4 (2021): 26–30. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.D6531.1110421.

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DC–AC inverters play a crucial factor in the modern era to satisfying the demand of energy conversion, which is definitely for a better lifestyle and developing smart facilities. In this paper a deeper study has been taken place to understand the behavior of the inverter base on three phase bridge inverters. The scenarios for the inverters respectively with pure resistive loads R and inductive resistive loads RL are both discussed. The term load is referring to the brushless DC motor (BLDC) which is more reliable than regular or permanent magnet DC motors, this study will help to underst

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