Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Préemptif'
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Chardon, Marc. "Ordonnancement non préemptif à machines parallèles avec contraintes d'indisponibilité." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1487.
Full textThis thesis deals with the scheduling of tasks on parallel machines with unavailability constraints. Such a problem might be encountered in parallel computing, or in management of a production floor. The unitary execution time tasks scheduling problem is fundamental because it can be solving very efficiency. It is useful for the resolution of arbitrary duration tasks scheduling problem. There is a narrowest gap between the preemptive unitary execution time tasks scheduling problem and the arbitrary execution time tasks scheduling problem. If the durations of the tasks are bounded, we can use it to find lower bound for the general problem
Cucu, Liliana. "Ordonnancement non préemptif et condition d'ordonnançabilité pour systèmesembarqués à contraintes temps réel." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012046.
Full textCucu, Liliana. "Ordonnancement non préemptif et condition d'ordonnançabilité pour systèmes embarqués à contraintes temps réel." Paris 11, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012046.
Full textAfter a state of art on classical scheduling and on real-ime scheduling, particularly, allowing to define the notions used afterwards and after motivating a new real-time constraint of latency, we propose a model which describes the real-time systems with precedence, periodicity and latency constraints. In this model, the precedences are defined using a directed acyclic graph. In the monoprocessor case, we study three problems of scheduling: systems with precedence and periodicity constraints, systems with precedence and latency constraint and systems with precedence, periodicity and latency constraints. For each problem we study the relation between the precedences and the periodicity, respectively the latency, we give schedulability conditions and we propose scheduling algorithm which are proved optimal (if there is a schedule, the algorithm will find it). For the multiprocessor case the architecture is defined by a non-oriented graph. We study three multiprocessor scheduling problems: of systems with precedences and periodicty constraints, of systemes with precedences and latency constraints and of systems with precedences, periodicity and latency constraints. For each problem the model takes into account the communications. We prove that each problem is NP-hard and we propose heuristics. The performances of each heuristic is compared to those of an exact algorithm of type branch and bound, using numerical simulations
Ndoye, Falou. "Ordonnancement temps réel préemptif multiprocesseur avec prise en compte du coût du système d'exploitation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978366.
Full textNdoye, Falou. "Ordonnancement temps réel préemptif multiprocesseur avec prise en compte du coût du système d’exploitation." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112056/document.
Full textIn this thesis we studied the problem of multiprocessor preemptive real-time scheduling taking into account the exact cost of the operating system (OS). This cost is composed of two parts: a part easy to determine, corresponding to the scheduler cost and another part difficult to determine, corresponding to the preemption cost. This difficulty is due to the fact that a preemption can involve another one, being able to so create an avalanche phenomenon. First, we studied the off-line multiprocessor real-time scheduling of independent tasks taking into account the exact preemption cost. We proposed a schedulability analysis based on a multiprocessor scheduling heuristic. This heuristic uses the partitioned multiprocessor scheduling approach. In order to take into account the exact preemption cost on every processor we use the schedulability condition proposed by Meumeu and Sorel. This schedulability condition for fixed priorities tasks, is based on a binary scheduling operation which counts the exact number of preemptions and add their cost in the schedulability analysis. The proposed heuristic maximizes the remaining utilization factor to fairly distribute the tasks on processors and to reduce their response time. It produces an off-line scheduling table. Secondly, we studied the off-line multiprocessor real-time scheduling of dependent tasks taking into account the exact preemption cost. Because the schedulability condition used for scheduling independent tasks can be applied only to fixed priorities tasks, it does not allow to manage priorities inversions that are involved by dependent tasks. We proposed a new schedulability condition for dependent tasks which enables fixed and dynamic priorities. This schedulability condition takes into account the exact preemption cost and dependences between tasks without any loss of data. Always with the partitioned scheduling approach, we proposed for dependent tasks a multiprocessor scheduling heuristic which reuses, on every processor, the schedulability condition proposed previously. In addition, this scheduling heuristic takes into account the interprocessors communication costs. It also minimizes on every processor the makespan (total execution time of the tasks on all the processors). This heuristic produces for every processor an off-line scheduling table. Supposing that we have a time-triggered multiprocessor architecture such that all the processors have a unique time reference, we proposed for every processor an on-line scheduler which uses the scheduling table produced during the off-line schedulability analysis. This on-line scheduler has the advantage to have a constant cost that is easy to determine exactly.Indeed, this cost corresponds only to the time necessary to read in the scheduling table the task selected for execution. In the on-line classical scheduler, this cost corresponds to the time necessary to update the list of ready tasks in order to select a task, according to a given scheduling algorithm, for example RM, DM, EDF, etc. In this case, the cost for selecting a task varies with the number of ready tasks which changes from an invocation of the scheduler to another one. Another advantage of the proposed on-line scheduler is that it is not necessary to synchronize the access to the data shared by several tasks, because this synchronization was already done during the off-line schedulability analysis
Thibodeau, Éric. "Stratégies de prévention de perte de route dans les réseaux "ad hoc" mobiles." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5972.
Full textRivierre, Nicolas. "Ordonnancement temps réel centralisé, les cas préemptifs et non-préemptifs." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998VERS0002.
Full text@Hard real-time scheduling theory has been widely studied in the last twenty-five years. Despite the plethora of results, few are oriented towards a performance comparison of the algorithms. Rather than taking account of new specific constraints, we focus on a generic traffic model for centralized, preemptive/non-preemptive cases. We first analyse the traditional fixed/dynamic priority approaches for feasibility and optimality properties. .
Walravens, Arnaud. "Le droit de préemption." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020072.
Full textProperty right (jus proprietatis) and contractual freedom establish the right for every owner to choose the person to whom he may wish to sell his property. There are nevertheless hypotheses where the legislator granted to some persons, by his own authority, a right of pre-emption which allows them to be preferred to others when concluding the sale contract. Right of preemption remains, however, a badly known and controversial institution, as the legislator established a very great quantity of rights of preemption, according to his political ambitions, and endowed each of these rights of a specific legal regime. The fact that he hardly worried to confer on them any coherence generates many conflicts between rights of preemption, or between a right of preemption and another legal institution. Besides, general interest, which justifies right of preemption and requires that its domain be limited to strict minimum as well as the guarantees granted to the concerned persons, does not dissuade the legislator to strengthen constantly the influence of this institution. These data, which illustrate the purposes of right of preemption, do inevitably influence its notion : indeed, they lead to consider that the service expected from the seller, which is to propose by priority the acquisition of his property to the beneficiary, is constituting the basis of right of preemption. The regime and the effectiveness of all the rights of preemption are based upon that service. It becomes then possible to suggest a new definition of right of preemption and to establish its legal nature from property right. Two criteria of delimitation of right of preemption can be also proposed, the first one resting on its legal source, the second resulting from the determination of the moment of its intervention, which is not without practical consequence
Marouf, Mohamed. "Ordonnancement temps réel dur multiprocesseur tolérant aux fautes appliqué à la robotique mobile." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00720934.
Full textPoissy, Julien. "Glycannes fongiques circulant dans le sérum des patients de réanimation. Analyse de l’intérêt clinique et développement de méthodes physico-chimiques de détection/caractérisation." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S022/document.
Full textThe rapidity of the diagnosis of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis (IC) is crucial to allow the early introduction of antigungal therapy. This one is often delayed because Candida yeasts are found in blood culture, the gold standard diagnostic test, in only 50% of cases of IC and several days are needed to have this result. Complementary methods relie on the detection of Candida cell wall polysaccharids in the serum, β-glucans (BDG) and mannans (Man). Our objectives were to : a) determine the signification and clinical interest of the detection of BDG and Man in intensive care b) take part in the analysis of the interest of a mass spectrometry (MS) technic in development which aim to detect/caracterize circulant fongic glycans. Materials and Methods : a) For the clinical case-control study, the BDG and Man kinetics in relation with candidaemia were evaluated in 41 candidemic patients, and were compared to the kinetic observed in 67 non candidemic patients, hospitalised in the same ward and assessed weekly for yeast colonisation b) a MALDI-MS method was applied to sera after selective extraction of glycans and compared to standards. Results : BDG at the recommanded cut-off is a sensitive and precoce but non specific test for the diagnosis of candidemia in ICU. It does not seem to be affected by the colonisation, but its very slow decrease limits its usefulness for the management of the treatment. At the opposite, Man is very specific but not sensitive. Modulating the cut-off of BDG, it is possible to propose a decisional algorithm for preemptive therapy based on the sequential use of BDG and Man. b) MALDI-MS reveals a signal at position m/z 365, corresponding to a disaccharid (among which is trehalose), associated to human and experimental IC. In preliminary studies this test seems to have good sensitiity and specificity for the diagnosis of IC as well as for other fungal infections. Conclusion : a) BDG is a sensitive test, Man is a specific one, and their joint use could be useful for an early diagnosis of IC and a rationalization of the antifungal treatment. b) The application of MALDI-MS method to the detection/caracterisation of circulating glycans seems to present an important potential to replace or complete the current available diagnostic tools of IC
Runge, Nina. "Problèmes d'ordonnancement avance-retard avec et sans préemption." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066661.
Full textAussilloux, Vincent. "Valeur de préemption de l'investissement direct à l'étranger." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10061.
Full textHladik, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Ordonnançabilité et placement des systèmes temps réel distribués, préemptifs et à priorités fixes." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2096.
Full textThe conception of real-time systems needs to produce a validated operational architecture. This architecture results from the mapping of the software architecture onto the hardware architecture in order to achieve timing correctness. This document deals with distributed, pre-emptive real-time systems with fixed priorities. This thesis addresses with the validation of operational architectures through analytical analysis. Our work itemizes classical approaches, classifies these methods and introduces some extensions. The second part of our work introduces a new method for the mapping with constraint programming solver. The feasibility of this technique is shown via the introduction of a specific model that takes into account behaviours of real-time systems
Darmon, Jimmy. "Le droit de préemption en matière de baux urbains." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090050.
Full textDriard, Jacques-Henri. "Les Droits de préemption dans le Droit de l'urbanisme français." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0027.
Full textWhen talking about town planing, pre-emption rights interfers in the rupture between the theorical speech about property rights and the attacks of the law. Whenusing them we need a converging will of selling from the owner and of buying from the authorities. General interest must justify the intervention of the authorities. So the legislator has created rigid limits, although widened by recent reforms, in which the right holders have a rather great freedom of action. This kind of intervention from the authorities is also limited by prived interests. On one hand the owner's will, who has got a real power of starting the procedure but doesn't really control it, must absolutely be respected. On ther other hand, and more generally, the interests of right holders on the pre-empted property are guaranted. Nevertheless, in the use of pre-emption, if the owners and legal occupants'guarantees are efficient the ones offered by the authorities are not adapted at all since it is very difficult to control the decisions and there are almost no penalties against the authorities
Brooks, Carlo. "La préemption de l'image dans les romans de Don Delillo." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU1009.
Full textThe obvious preeminence of the image in the work of don delillo is related here to the notion of preemption of the image considered according to the definition martin heidegger gives to the image: the "image" is not a copy of what is but the way in which the latter is made calculable by the preemption of all that does not fit into a coherent pattern. Weltbild (the world image) is not an image of the world but the world seized as an image. Likewise, in delillo's novels, america is seized as an image: his characters search a coherence in the image while regretting the faults, incidents and dangers of the "full picture". The preemption of the image is next examined with respect to language, notably the way in which the signifier pre-empts the signified and comes to view as an image free from meaning and reference. Lastly, the preemption of the image is analyzed in its relationship to nature. Delillo's characters seem to want to discover a nature undetermined by man. However, our ability to discern the natural is vitiated by a self-referring element which seeps into events and the self. There is also a "natural" preemption of the image in delillo's work, i. E. The heideggerian readiness-at-hand (zuhandenheit). Delillo's characters want to pierce through the preemption of readiness-at-hand, seize that which lies before them as a "natural" object. Yet this longing for a superhuman perspective is nothing more than the wish to pre-empt whatever is in the heideggerian sense of the image
Grenouillet, Frédéric. "Candidoses en réanimation chirurgicale : stratégie préemptive, écologie moléculaire et émergence de résistances." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA0050.
Full textReghioui, Hamzaoui Mohamed. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules avec fenêtres horaires ou préemption des tâches." Troyes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TROY0018.
Full textThis thesis studies the node and arc routing problems which are the two main types of routing problems encountered in most transportation applications. We focus particularly on the cases with time windows or split deliveries. This work is divided into two main parts. The first part is devoted to the node and arc routing problems with time windows (VRPTW for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and CARPTW for the Capacitated Arc Routing Problem with Time Windows). Contrary to the VRPTW which has been the subject of intensive research over the past decade, few studies have considered the CARPTW. In this part of the thesis, we propose a method based on the metaheuristic GRASP combined with a path-relinking process for the CARPTW and a memetic algorithm for the VRPTW. The second part of the thesis focuses on the node and arc routing problems with split deliveries (SDVRP for the Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem and SDCARP for the Split Delivery Capacitated Arc Routing Problem). Since the SDCARP is a relatively new problem, we started by developing mathematical models. We then proposed lower and upper bounds. The lower bounds are obtained by two cutting plane methods while the upper bounds are determined by a memetic algorithm with population management and a new metaheuristic. The memetic algorithm was also adapted to the SDVRP, giving rise to competitive results
Grisier, Jessica. "L'élargissement du droit de préemption urbain aux biens commerciaux et artisanaux : l'étude d'un instrument d'intervention public dans la sphère commerciale." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10003/document.
Full textThe law of August 2nd, 2005, taken in application of the decree of December 26th, 2007, and reformed by the law of March 22nd, 2012 supplied in the municipalities a tool of protection of the "convenience store". The municipalities can preempt from now on a business or a commercial lease. But this objective raises questioning because the multidisciplinarity of the device complicates its implementation. Number of incoherence is thus revealed, and concern as long the criteria of the motivation of demarcation of the zone of preemption and the decision to preempt, that the measures of publicity of the perimeter of preemption, without forgetting the preliminary declaration unsuitable for the requirements of the business. Also the difficulties show themselves in a hypothesis of infringements of rights and liberties generating a dispute the distribution of the skills of which remains "vague". These imperfections focus all the criticisms auguring a necessary reform. This reform intervened by the law of June 18th, 2014, said "law Pinel". The legislative contributions were so necessary and their undeniable interest does not stay, however, without criticisms. The objective scientists is the one of the methodical legal analysis of the incidence of a multidisciplinary legal device to release an efficient vision in the practice
Bouteille-Brigant, Magali. "Les propriétés conditionnelles." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10005.
Full textErmont, Jérôme. "Une algèbre de processus pour la modélisation et la vérification de systèmes temps-réel avec préemption." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ESAE0024.
Full textMeumeu, Yomsi Patrick. "Prise en compte du coût exact de la préemption dans l'ordonnancement temps réel monoprocesseur avec contraintes multiples." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112080.
Full textWe are interested in the scheduling problem of periodic tasks in critical (hard) real-time systems. In the literature, the approximation of the preemption cost, which is the variable part of the Operating System (OS) cost, in the WCET of tasks leads us to a compromise between waste and safety of the schedulability, that is not satisfactory. Some works have been proposed to solve this problem but the results led to taking into account either a minimum or a maximum number of preemptions. In this thesis, we introduce a new model to solve the general scheduling problem of hard real-time systems with many constraints such as precedence, strict periodicity, latency and jitter, while taking into account the exact cost of preemption for all scenarios of first activation for all tasks (simultaneous or not simultaneous). We have developed a software called SAS (Simulation Analysis of Scheduling) to make them available to users the results we have achieved. The main contribution of SAS, compared to other commercial and academic tools of the same type, is that it takes into account the exact cost of preemption during the schedulability analysis
Desideri, Jean-Pierre. "La préférence dans les relations contractuelles." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32008.
Full textAccording to a french common saying, there can not exist any privilege unless the provisions of the law. But meanwhile, it is well known that contracting allows to give someone a priority in the outlook of a future decision. Such a priority can proceed from a priority agreement, or other contracting provisions, like a first refusal agreement, or provisions of the most favoured customer. These provisions are commonly used in real state sales, between corporate partners in the outlook of stocks sales, in industrial agreements,. . . Because they aim to settle a priority, these agreements are subject to various causes of cancellation, which can be invoked by the contracting parties and third parties as well. So priority rights look suspicious when they proceed from provisions of a contract. But this suspicion vanish as a priority right is not the object of a contracting provision, but proceeds from relationships between contracting parties, amongst the rational inferences of these relationships. Then, priority rights in the relationships between contracting parties look like a materialisation of the general requirement of good faith in the interpretation of contracts. Such is the subscription priority right which is granted to actual partners in french corporations, or the priority right of hiring which is granted to former workers after downsizing. Therefore, the same good faith requirement sheds a new light to priority rights which should be granted to contracting parties in corporations, or in the field of commercial supply. However, because it departs from the general requirement of equality in the competition, the efficiency of such priority rights amongst contracting parties are still contested
Bourgois, Joël-Luc. "Le contentieux du droit de préemption des collectivités publiques : contribution à la théorie des actes détachables en droit administratif français." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL20017.
Full textPillet, Gilles. "La substitution de contractant à la formation du contrat en droit privé." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010327.
Full textBrenac, Charles. "La coprise à bail en droit privé français." Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10034.
Full textWho are the "copreneurs" (that is to say whose who decide to rent together) and what matters to them ? These are with no doubt the two major issues concerning the "coprise à bail". This latter more commnly named "colocation" (i. E. Co-renting) is actual when several "copreneurs" have got a same lease. When bringing up such a situation at once comes to one's mind the "coprise" à bail" by several students. Enlightening by the film ''The Spanish Apartment" and the American series ''Friends" the "coprise à bail" is a solution to the lack of accommodation and is an answer to an unquestionable economic need. Nevertheless the "coprise à bail" and the commercial one are less taken into account by the people but are unquestionably an every day legal reality : let's take the example of two persons signing a commercial lease when acquiring a business fund or a farmer death involving the lease transmission to his children used to work with their father. . . Whatever the sort of lease, a plural part, the "copreneurs" raises difficulties ; yet the legislator has not legislated on this topic, letting the "copreneurs" facing the plural obligation laws. The question is : how will the right be applied to several people, when the law is only used to envisage one person that is to say : the tenant ? As the matter of fact, the law grants the renter some right such as, for example, the renewal, the preemption one, the right to sublet or the right, to let one's lease another person, but the law hardly ever rights when there are several people concerned in the lease. Thus, that is the relevant point of the study : tempting to compesante for the hardly ever permanent omission of a plural lease by the legislation and trying to bring solutions
Schlumberger, Edmond. "Les contrats préparatoires à l'acquisition de droits sociaux." Paris 1, 2011. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D4428%26nu%3D16.
Full textMichel, Valérie. "Recherches sur les compétences de la Communauté européenne." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA01A356.
Full textDeleplanque, Samuel. "Modélisation et résolution de problèmes difficiles de transport à la demande et de Lot-Sizing." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22487/document.
Full textThe main objective of the thesis is modeling and optimization of several on-demand transportation services. Supervision techniques must be able to handle numerous criteria and numerous constraints to adapt to the current and future services. Thus, this research develops several types of DARP - Dial-a-Ride Problem -, the operation research problem modeling and optimizing an on-demand transportation system. The standard DARP has been adapted to promising systems, such as those allowing to split the components of the same request and the possibility to dispatch them on different vehicles or the presence of intermodal mechanisms. This thesis also formulates new Operations Research problems in order to integrate autonomous vehicles such as the VIPA in an optimized on-demand transportation system. Modeling and optimizing these systems create schedules of these new vehicles. In the future, technological evolutions are expected and the automatic feature of the vehicles will not be taken into account anymore. These studies attempt to provide a generic framework in order to provide a usable tool for today and an adaptable tool for tomorrow
Koné, Moussa. "La vente d'immeuble et la protection de l'environnement." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0208.
Full textAccording to the article 2 of the Charter of the environment : “Every person has duty to take part in preservation and in improvment of the environment”. The article L. 200-2 of Code Rural specifies : “laws and regulations organize the right to each to a healthy environment and contribute to assure a harmonious equilibrium between the urban zones and country zones. It is the duty of each to look after maintenance and to contribute of the protection of environment. The private and public persons must do in all activities, to conform to the same requirements”. As a result, the public persons and private persons have to participate to safeguard nature. In addition, the persons implicated in the act of cession of real estates would not know how to infringe. So how this defence of the environment is done? In the first approach, real estates are sold to the purchasers having protection of environment as mission. Nevertheless, these protectors of environment are not the only possible purchasers for sale real estates. To allow acquiring such things, these last have to benefit privilege constraining the sellers to give to them up such property. This privilege is known under the name of right of pre-emption. Once acquired, these properties must be preserved to assure the maintenance of nature. In the second approach, the real states are bought by persons no eager to protect environment even if they are guest to do it by the law. How to assure the maintenance of nature? It results simply from the defense of the purchasers of real estates. In spite of the insufficiency of the protection environment during the sale of real estates, this operation remains an essential link in the defense of nature. Every year, thousands of properties are sold. These thousands persons implicated in such settlements remains major actors in the protection of environment
Sadani, Tarek. "Vers l'utilisation des réseaux de Petri temporels étendus pour la vérification de systèmes temps-réel décrits en RT-LOTOS." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00149426.
Full textDameron, Audrey. "L'aménagement urbain - Contribution à la reconnaissance d'une notion juridique." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0025.
Full textIn the context of current issues pertaining to the right to the city and to quality of life, urban development is a relevant tool which should be adapted. As a pivotal notion of operational urban planning, no complete definition yet exists for urban development. Furthermore, the multiple references to development in corpus juris obfuscate the notion. After examining the code de l’urbanisme, parliamentary debates and case law, it is evident that urban development operation should be considered as the materialization of urban development. Distinct from land settlement operations and overcoming the public-private border, urban development can be defined as works of general interest focused on a district or at least a place of life. Consequently, it represents a local tool appropriate to quality of life, which is why general regulations, applicable to every urban development operation, must be elaborated. From conception to realisation, these regulations make it possible to reconcile strictly economic parts of this activity with the modern requirements of a quality living environment
Caron, Christophe. "Contributions de l'Economie industrielle à la stratégie d'entreprise : Le cas des industries de commodité." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001198.
Full textJouini, Oualid. "Modèles Stochastiques pour l'Aide à la Décision dans les Centres d'appels." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133341.
Full textDans la première partie, nous considérons un centre d'appels où tous les agents sont groupés dans un même pool et les clients sont traités indifféremment par un des agents. Nous étudions les bénéfices de la migration depuis cette configuration vers un centre d'appels où les clients sont divisés en classes (appelées portefeuilles de clients). Chaque portefeuille de clients est servi par un pool de conseillers qui lui est exclusivement dédié. Ensuite, nous considérons un centre d'appels avec deux classes de clients impatients. Nous développons des politiques dynamiques pour l'affectation des clients (selon leurs types) aux différentes files d'attente. L'objectif étant lié aux qualités de service différentiées exprimées en terme du pourcentage des clients perdus, ainsi qu'en terme de la variance du temps d'attente. Enfin, nous étudions un centre d'appels qui annonce le délai d'attente à chaque nouveau client. Nous montrons les avantages de l'annonce sur les performances du centre d'appels.
Dans la deuxième partie, nous considérons un processus de naissance et de mort de forme générale. Nous calculons ensuite les moments de plusieurs variables aléatoires liées aux temps de premiers passages (ordinaires et conditionnels). Ensuite, nous montrons un résultat de concavité dans une file d'attente avec capacité limitée et avec une seule classe de clients impatients. Nous démontrons que la probabilité d'entrer en service est strictement croissante et concave en fonction de la taille de la file d'attente.
Polo, Mejia Oliver Javier. "Operational research approach for optimising the operations of a nuclear research laboratory." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0033.
Full textThis dissertation presents the results of a research project aiming to optimise the scheduling of activities within a research laboratory of the “Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA)”. To tackle this problem, we decompose every activity into a set of elementary tasks to apply standard scheduling methods. We model the problem as an extended version of the Multi-Skill Project Scheduling Problem (MSPSP). As a first approach, we propose an MSPSP with penalty for preemption, along with its mixed-integer/linear programming (MILP) formulation, where the preemption is allowed applying a penalty every time an activity is interrupted. However, the previous approach does not take into account all safety constraints at the facility, and a more accurate variant of the problem is needed. We then propose to integrate the concept of partial preemption to the MSPSP. This concept, which has not been yet studied in the scientific literature, implies that only a subset of resources is released during preemption periods. The resulting MSPSP with partial preemption (MSPSP-PP) is modelled using two methodologies: MILP and constraint programming. Regarding the industrial need of having good solutions in a short time, we also present a series of heuristics algorithms for the MSPSP-PP. First, we present a serial greedy algorithm, using priority rules and a flow problem for the allocation of technicians. To improve the solutions of the greedy algorithm, we present a binary-tree-based search algorithm and a greedy randomised adaptive search procedure. Finally, we present a large neighbourhood search algorithm, a hybrid procedure combining exact and heuristic methods. A mock-up of a Graphical User Interface, allowing the exploitation of the scheduling algorithms by the CEA is also presented
Aguir, Mohamed Salah. "Modèles stochastiques pour l'aide à la décision dans les centres d'appels." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376312.
Full textDans la première partie de ce travail, nous étudions le phénomène de rappels. Nous commençons, d'abord, par montrer son importance dans le système. Par la suite, nous montrons que le fait d'ignorer ce phénomène engendre beaucoup d'erreurs lors du dimensionnement du centre d'appels et se traduit par des objectifs non satisfaits ou par un système surdimensionné sujet à des coûts supplémentaires. Cette analyse concerne le régime stationnaire. L'étude du système multi-période aboutit, elle, à la détermination de l'évolution de la demande réelle en fonction du temps et ce, à partir des arrivées observées.
Dans la deuxième partie, nous commençons par proposer des estimateurs du temps d'attente que les clients doivent passer dans la file avant d'être servis et ce, pour des clients répartis en plusieurs classes de priorité non-préemptive. En fonction de ces estimateurs, nous étudions plusieurs règles de routage. Nous comparons le système composé de plusieurs files d'attente, et nécessitant donc un routage, avec le système où les files d'attente sont fusionnées. Nous terminons cette partie par une analyse de deux disciplines de priorités probabilistes et nous les comparons avec la discipline de la priorité stricte. Comme dans le cas du routage, la comparaison s'effectue en fonction du nombre de conseillers nécessaires à la satisfaction de qualités de service objectif pour chaque classe de clients
Khatib, Jad. "Modélisation et ordonnancement des systèmes temps réel embarqués utilisant des graphes de flots de données synchrones." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS425.
Full textReal-time embedded systems change our lives on a daily basis. Their complexity is increasing with the diversity of their applications and the improvements in processor architectures. These systems are usually multi-periodic, since their components communicate with each other at different rates. Real-time systems are often critical to human lives, their malfunctioning could lead to catastrophic consequences. Therefore, one of the major challenges faced by academic and industrial communities is the efficient use of powerful and complex platforms, to provide optimal performance and meet the time constraints. Real-time system can be found in autonomous systems, such as air-planes, self-driving cars and drones. In this context, our study focuses on modeling and scheduling critical real-time systems using data flow formalisms. The contributions of this thesis are threefold: First, we define a general and intuitive communication model within multi-periodic systems. We demonstrate that the communications between multi-periodic tasks can be directly expressed as a particular class of “Synchronous Data Flow Graph” (SDFG). The size of this latter is equal to the communication graph size. Moreover, the SDFG model has strong mathematical background and software analysis tools which provide a compromise between the application expressiveness and analyses. Then, the SDFG model allows precise definition of the latency. Accordingly, we express the latency between two communicating tasks using a closed formula. In the general case, we develop an exact evaluation method to calculate the worst case system latency from a given input to a connected outcome. Then, we frame this value using two algorithms that compute its upper and lower bounds. Finally, we show that these bounds can be computed using a polynomial amount of computation time, while the time required to compute the exact value increases linearly according to the average repetition factor. Finally, we address the mono-processor scheduling problem of non-preemtive strictly periodic systems subject to communication constraints. Based on the SDFG theoretical results, we propose an optimal algorithm using MILP formulations. The scheduling problem is known to be NP-complete in the strong sense. In order to solve this issue, we proposed three heuristics: linear programming relaxation, simple and ACAP heuristics. For the second and the third heuristic if no feasible solution is found, a partial solution is computed
Fagart, Thomas. "Dynamic imperfect competition and irreversible investment." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E023.
Full textThis thesis studies the role of the irreversibility of investment on the dynamic imperfect competition. It is composed of four theoretical articles and a general introduction. The second chapter studies the role of demand evolution on the possibility of preemption under irreversible investment under imperfect competition. It shows there is no possibility of preemption when there is no jump of demand. Indeed, the linearity of investment cost creates no incentive for the firms to delay investment. When there is no demand evolution, this prevents preemption. The third chapter focuses on the dynamics of firms' capacity when the irreversibility of investment is partial. It shows that the investment dynamics exhibits an efficiency property, and that some initial asymmetry in capacity can be preserved in the short run, but disappears in the long run. The fourth chapter considers the investment choice of firms when there are two different productive capacities embodying different types of technology. One technology permits to produce at a lower marginal cost but the purchasing price of the capacity using this technology is higher. Due to the presence of a financial constraint, firms use different technologies at the same time, and a preemption equilibrium appears. Finally, this paper presents a counter intuitive policy result: an increase in the price of one of the capacities may increase its utilization. The last chapter studies the impact of the irreversibility of investment on collusion possibility. The irreversibility of investment reduces the profitability of short run deviation, as the deviating firm has to invest in order to increase its capacity, and it creates a long run effect. lndeed, once the deviating firr has invested, it is committed toits new capacity. The deviation may thus lead to a preemption of the punishing firm. This preemption effect can make collusion harder to sustain for more patient firms
Hajjar, Marwa. "L' intuitus personae dans les sociétés de capitaux." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020070.
Full textCompanies are traditionally classified into partnerships and joint stock companies. Intuitus personae is the basis for this distinction. Clearly present in partnership companies, intuitus personae is, in theory, absent in joint stock companies. However, this traditional distinction does not correspond today to reality. We are, in fact, witnessing a resurgence of the consideration of the individual in joint stock companies by means of contractual techniques whose aim is to control access to these companies. This resurgence has been further strengthened by the legislator, first by the creation of the status of simplified stock company and also by the recognition in listed companies of the existence of concerted action and a right to voluntary withdrawal benefiting minority stockholders. The admission of the validity of exclusion, either conventional or resulting from mechanisms specific to company law such as a squeeze out or even an “accordion squeeze”, add to the growth of this phenomenon. This presence of intuitus personae has major implications on the functioning of joint stock companies and on company law, in general. Indeed, on the one hand, the primacy of shareholder relationships over capital offers a new perspective of the notion of affectio societatis and the principle of majority rule. On the other hand, the introduction of intuitus personae into companies where this concept should have been absent affects the coherence of company law by destroying the summa divisio basis on which this law is founded and by distorting the legal pluralism long ago adopted by the French legislator which, in the presence of diverse legal structures, necessitates a distinction amongst them based on precise and invariable criteria
Benzaquen, Bélinda. "Primauté et recours." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30015.
Full textAbsolute primacy of Community law or supremacy of constitutional provisions ? Devoted to the analysis of the conflicts born or to be born between EU law and constitutional standards, this doctoral study focused on analysis of the link between the terms of primacy or preemption rule and jurisdictional actions to raise that in this kind of litigation disputes a unreported legal syllogism is applied. It's one that cumulatively preserves the hierarchical criterion characterizing the domestic legal systems of the Member States, at its peak the principle of supremacy of the Constitution over all others and the effective application of the material primacy of Union law ; recent developments in internal law of the Union converge in this sense : in a dispute litigation, primacy is no longer a problem of constitutional legality, the conflict is circumvent. Concerning this matter, the debate on the authority and the force of traditional international law on constitutional law no longer arises. It has been separated between the force and the effect of the treaties of international law of the Union. Yet in terms of principles, even within a federal State, the definitional content and especially the handling of the constitutional text have not been revisited ; the Constitution is the legal basis without being the content validity of the primacy of Union law, the supreme text operates as a reference technique, it fits two types of fields based on the criterion of the contentious issue. Supremacy and rule are two different legal nature principles which do not compete. The prevalence of the material primacy of Union law sets no supremacy at the top of the pyramidal hierarchy of standards of each of the acceding States
Zanconi, Marcelo. "Modélisation et Analyse de Systèmes Temps Réel avec Préemption, Incertitude et Dépendence." Phd thesis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006328.
Full textPape, Toni. "Figures of Time : Preemptive Narratives in Recent Television Series." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10347.
Full textThis thesis examines complex narrative temporalities in the recent television series Life on Mars (BBC, 2006-2007), Flashforward (ABC, 2009-2010), and Damages (FX/Audience Network, 2007-2012). The general argument proposes that the renewed technics of television have enabled innovative aesthetic standards and temporal experiences in serial TV fiction. It is subsequently shown that these new aesthetic and experiential qualities of TV fiction are correlative to an increased political and ethical relevance of time. This overall argument is laid out in four major steps. The project first addresses the technics of recent television to show how new technologies have enabled new techniques of experiencing television. Drawing on the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari as well as the media theories of Matthew Fuller, Thomas Lamarre, and Jussi Parikka, the complex and productive linkages between technology and techniques will be theorized as an abstract machine which I call the serial machine. The argument then draws on theories of perception and nonrepresentational approaches to art in order to analyze the new qualities of aesthetic experience in serial TV fiction. For this purpose, I develop the central concept of the figure of time understood as the directly felt abstract shape effectuated by a narrative’s movement through time. It will be seen, in a third step, that the figural movements discussed in this thesis concern questions of future-orientation and preemption. All of the narratives in this project anticipate their own ending and take form with respect to this foretold future. They are therefore conceptualized as “preemptive narratives,” in which the future poses an affective rather than epistemological problem. I will show that, in the serial narratives under discussion, the preemptive loop through the future is immediately ontogenetic in that it creates a reality in the present by inducing uncertainty and fear of the future. Finally, the thesis proposes that such affective politics are an element of what Gilles Deleuze calls control societies, in which conditions of life are constantly modulated. Following his writings on control societies and Spinoza’s Ethics, it is argued that the requirements of such a modulatory environment are ethical in nature (rather than moral). Drawing on the work by artists-philosophers Madeline Gins and Arakawa, I elaborate the techniques of attention which sustain an ethics for surviving the control society in the TV series Damages.
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