Academic literature on the topic 'Prefecture of Ilias'

In this study the usefulness of the ALOS optical and radar data for landslide monitoring is examined. ALOS contains three sensors, commonly referred to as the “three eyes” of ALOS. These sensors are: the Panchromatic Remote-Sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM), the Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2), and the Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR). The area of study is located in a small village named Sykies near to the city of Andritsena in Western Peloponnese. The area suffered during the last years from enormous fires. As a result many landslides have been recorded. One of the latest Landslides has been recorded on January 2009 as a consequence of heavy rains. That landslide was mapped in situ using differential GPS. The possibility of detecting and mapping the specific landslide using ALOS data is examined in this study and the results are presented. Thirty ALOS radar images within a period of three years, two ALOS Prism data sets and two ALOS AVNIR collected over the same area within a year were used.

In August 2007 Ilia Prefecture suffered one of the most devastating wildfires that have ever happened on European level. Approximately 870km2 , mainly forest and agricultural land, were lost, more than 60 people were killed, hundreds were injured and many villages suffered extensive damage. Heavy rainfall and human activities, favoured by the loss of vegetation and the overall susceptibility of geological formations in landsliding, induced the manifestation or reactivation of various scale landslide phenomena. In order to investigate and mitigate the problem University of Patras was commissioned by the Region of Western Greece to undertake an Engineering Geological and Geotechnical investigation. Site investigation accomplished in seven municipalities focusing on several landslide events with serious socio-economic impact and as a result many small scale cases were identified. In each one of these cases large scale engineering geological mapping was conducted and remedial and protection measures were designed.

On the 8th of June 2008 an earthquake of magnitude Ms=6.5 occurred in Western Greece, affecting Achaia and Ilia Prefectures. According to state reports 2 casualties occurred, 214 people were injured and more than 15 villages and towns suffered extensive damages in properties and infrastructures. Among the secondary phenomena that were reported were extensive rockfalls that affected Santomeri village; a small village located on the western slope of the Scolis mountain. Large-sized limestone boulders, some reaching a volume up to 10m3 stroke houses and blocked roads, fortunately without casualties. The village was temporarily evacueated and the Laboratory of Engineering Geology was commissioned to undertake an Engineering Geological appraisal in order to investigate the extent of the rockfall events, assess the rockfall hazard and propose retention and protective measures so the area to be soon re-inhabited. After conducting a detailed engineering geological and geotechnical survey which included large scale engineering geological mapping, rockmass characterization and laboratory tests the inhabited area was initially divided in two zones of different rock fall risk level. By performing rockfall analyses in critical traverses a rock fall retention system, 325m long in total, comprising rock fall barrier was finally proposed.

In the summer of 2012, zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants of F1 hybrid Rigas showing very severe malformation and blisters in leaves and fruit were observed in the prefectures of Ilia and Messinia, Peloponnese, southwestern Greece. Over 100 samples were collected and only a few were found by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA to be singly or mixed infected with the commonly encountered Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, genus Cucumovirus), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV, genus Potyvirus), and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV, genus Potyvirus), to which Rigas is known to be tolerant. All affected plants were also tested by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR (2) for the presence of Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV; genus Potyvirus), a virus not previously reported in Greece, and were consistently found positive by both methods. Sap from plants in which MWMV was solely detected was used to mechanically inoculate Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and cucurbit species (zucchini, cucumber, melon, and watermelon). C. quinoa produced chlorotic local lesions, while cucurbits showed very severe mosaic and malformation of leaves. Zucchini plants of F1 hybrids Rigas, Golden (tolerant to WMV and ZYMV), and Elion (not exhibiting any tolerance) grown in a screenhouse produced equivalent severe symptoms on leaves and fruits. Furthermore, transmission experiments in a non-persistent manner using a clone of Myzus persicae Sulz. and zucchini plants of F1 hybrid Boreas as donor and test plants were carried out. Ten plants were used in each experiment (one aphid/plant) and this was repeated five times (50 plants in total). The transmission rate was high ranging from 75 to 90%. RT-PCR obtained amplicons of 627 bp were subjected to direct sequencing (GenBank Accession No KF772944), which revealed 99% sequence identity to the corresponding region of a MWMV Tunisian isolate (EF579955). In 2013, in addition to zucchini plants found MWMV positive, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) plants from the same region of Peloponnese showing leaf malformation and mosaic symptoms were found MWMV positive (4/30) by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR, revealing the virus establishment and further spread. In the Mediterranean basin, the virus has already been reported in Morocco, Italy, France, Spain, Tunisia, and Algeria, where it has emerged recently from a common source, has quickly become established through rapid dissemination and is considered as an important emerging threat (4). Isolates from these countries, including the present one from Greece, are very closely molecularly related to each other, contrary to isolates from sub-Saharan Africa (South Africa, Sudan, Congo, Zimbabwe, Niger, Cameroon, Nigeria) that are much more divergent (1,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of MWMV in Greece. References: (1) H. Lecoq et al. Plant Dis. 85:547, 2001. (2) H. Lecoq et al. New Dis. Rep. 16:19, 2007. (3) A. T. Owolabi et al. Int. J. Virol. 8:258, 2012. (4) S. Yakoubi et al. Arch. Virol. 153:775, 2008.

<p>The present study investigates to what extent teachers serving in mountainous areas and periphery schools consider that their perceptions on factors affecting school performance influence the way they choose their teaching practices and shape their attitudes towards students. In the survey, 133 secondary school teachers of the Prefecture of Ilia answered a questionnaire with closed-ended questions. According to teachers’ beliefs, school performance is influenced by socio-economic, educational and geographical factors. It is not associated with intelligence/brilliance and it can be improved with the help of the teaching staff. Teachers' expectations have an effect on their school performance, while the Curricula do not take into account the learning abilities of the students and the school evaluation does not assess the school performance in a meritocratic way. Nevertheless, positive expectations for the performance of weak students are maintained by choosing teaching practices that they believe will enhance their performance.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0800/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες ο πλανήτης μαστίζεται από μεγάλες φυσικές καταστροφές, το μέγεθος και η ένταση των οποίων έχουν επίδραση τόσο στο φυσικό περιβάλλον όσο και στον ανθρώπινο παράγοντα. Απτό παράδειγμα οι πρόσφατες πυρκαγιές του Αυγούστου του 2007 στην Ηλεία, οι οποίες θα μείνουν ανεξίτηλα χαραγμένες στη μνήμη όλων μας γιατί στέρησαν τη ζωή 44 συνανθρώπων μας, συντέλεσαν σε σχεδόν ολοκληρωτική καταστροφή του φυσικού περιβάλλοντος κι είχαν τραγικές συνέπειες για την οικονομία της περιοχής που βασίζεται κυρίως στην γεωργία και την κτηνοτροφία. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να εξετάσει τις επιπτώσεις που είχαν οι πυρκαγιές στον τομέα της βιολογικής γεωργίας στην ορεινή ζώνη Φιγαλείας -Ανδρίτσαινας και να ερευνήσει πιθανές προοπτικές ανάπτυξής της. Για το λόγο αυτό 20 άτομα (Ν=20), 19 άνδρες και 1 γυναίκα που εμπλέκονται με τον τομέα της βιολογικής γεωργίας κατέθεσαν τις απόψεις τους μέσω μιας ημιδομημένης συνέντευξης. Οι ερωτώμενοι κατηγοριοποιήθηκαν σε 4 ομάδες ανάλογα με τη σχέση που είχαν με τη βιολογική γεωργία: α) καλλιεργητές συμβατικής γεωργίας, β) βιοκαλλιεργητές, γ) διαχειριστές (άτομα φορείς εξουσίας) και δ) επιχειρηματίες. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης και αναλογιζόμενοι το μέγεθος της καταστροφής και τα προβλήματα που υπάρχουν στον γεωργικό τομέα, η περιοχή μελέτης έχει τη δυνατότητα να αναπτύξει τη βιολογική γεωργία σε μεγάλο βαθμό. Έχοντας δεδομένη τη θέληση των γεωργών της περιοχής, η πολιτεία οφείλει να τους στηρίξει δημιουργώντας τις προϋποθέσεις ανάπτυξης της περιοχής, συγκράτησης του πληθυσμού και να δώσει τη δυνατότητα οικονομικής ανέλιξης τόσο στους ανθρώπους όσο και στην περιοχή που ταλαιπωρήθηκε σημαντικά με τις πυρκαγιές του Αυγούστου του 2007.<br>The last decades the planet suffers from natural destructions, the magnitude and the intensity of which have effect not only in the natural environment but also in the human factor. Tangible example the recent fires of August 2007 in Prefecture of Ilia, that will remain engraved in the memory of all of us because they deprived the life of 44 people, contributed in almost absolute destruction of natural environment and had tragic consequences for the economy of region which is based mainly on the agriculture and the livestock-farming. The purpose of this study was to examine the fires repercussions on biological agriculture in the mountainous area Figalias - Andritsainas and look at for likely prospects of growth. For this reason 20 subjects (N = 20), 19 men and 1 woman, that engaged in biological agriculture were interviewed. Subjects were categorized in 4 groups depending on the relation that they had with the biological agriculture: a) cultivators of conventional agriculture, b) biological cultivators, c) administrators (individuals working for institutions of power) and d) businessmen of the region. According to the results of study and taking under consideration that the size of destruction and the problems that exist in the agriculture, the region of study has the possibility of developing the biological agriculture to a large extent. Having given the will of farmers of region, the state owes to support them by creating the conditions of growth of the region, withholding the population and give the possibility of economic evolution so to the habitants as to the region that had a rough time during the fires of August 2007.

Στην παρούσα εργασία αξιολογήθηκαν τα κατολισθητικά φαινόμενα που εντοπίστηκαν στους πυρόπληκτους Δήμους του Νομού Ηλείας. Δίνεται ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στα έργα αποκατάστασης στο Δήμο Αμαλιάδας, όπου επλήγη από τις καταστροφικές πυρκαγιές τον Αύγουστο του 2007. Συνολικά καταγράφηκαν έξι (6) θέσεις σε οικισμούς του Δήμου Αμαλιάδας στις οποίες παρουσιάζονται προβλήματα κατολισθήσεων. Παρατηρήθηκαν αστοχίες επιχωμάτων οδών, εδαφικές ροές, περιστροφικές ολισθήσεις, εδαφικοί ερπυσμοί, ροές γαιών και επιφανειακές διαβρώσεις λόγω της δράσης των επιφανειακών νερών και της απώλειας της βλάστησης μετά τις πυρκαγιές. Στις θέσεις αυτές, μελετήθηκαν και αξιολογήθηκαν όλα τα προτεινόμενα μέτρα προστασίας και αντιμετώπισης όπως αυτά προτάθηκαν σε παλαιότερη μελέτη που είχε εκπονηθεί από την Περιφέρεια Δυτικής Ελλάδας. Στη συνέχεια, η έρευνα επικεντρώθηκε στην κατολίσθηση του Παλαιοχωρίου, που εκδηλώθηκε μετά τις παρατεταμένες βροχοπτώσεις το χειμώνα 2009-2010. Πραγματοποιήθηκε λεπτομερής γεωτεχνική - τεχνικογεωλογική έρευνα για την αντιμετώπιση της μετακίνησης της κατολισθαίνουσας ζώνης. Έπειτα από την εκτέλεση μιας (1) δειγματοληπτικής γεώτρησης και εργαστηριακών δοκιμών προσδιορίστηκαν τρείς (3) γεωτεχνικές ενότητες. Έγινε σύνταξη τεχνικογεωλογικού χάρτη και σχεδιάστηκαν τεχνικογεωλογικές τομές σε κλίμακα 1:1000. Στην αστοχία αυτή που μελετήθηκε, έγινε ανάλυση οριακής ευστάθειας πρανών χρησιμοποιώντας το λογισμικό SLIDE 5.0, Rock science Inc. Το πρόγραμμα έδειξε την ασταθή κατάσταση του πρανούς με συντελεστές ασφάλειας Fs<0,4 για διαφορετικές επιφάνειες ολίσθησης σε όλη την κατολισθαίνουσα μάζα. Για την βελτίωση του συντελεστή ασφάλειας Fs προτείναμε μέτρα εξυγίανσης και αποκατάστασης του πρανούς. Με την εφαρμογή των μέτρων αυτών παρατηρήθηκε ότι ο συντελεστής ασφάλειας αυξήθηκε ξεπερνώντας την τιμή Fs=3.<br>In this study, we evaluated the landslides events that indentified in wildfire affected areas in Ilia Prefecture (Peloponnesus, Greece). Specifically, there was an evaluation of the remedial measures in the Municipality of Amaliada that were hit by the wildfires in August 2007. In the first part of this study, six (6) landslide phenomena were detected in the villages of Amaliada Municipality. Road embankment failure, earth flows, earth slides and falls, debris slides and falls, soil creep, earth slump and surface erosion were observed. These phenomena caused by the effect of surface water and loss of vegetation after the fires. We studied all the remedial and protection measures for these six (6) landslide cases that were proposed in a previous study which was performed by the Region of Western Greece. Then, the study focused on the landslide of Palaiochori village, which occurred after the prolonged rainfalls during the winter of 2009-2010. Firstly, a detailed geotechnical investigation was performed for the landslide zone treatment. After one (1) drill-core sampling processes and laboratory analysis, the studied materials were classified in three (3) geotechnical units. Engineering geological map and engineering geological slices was planned at scale 1:1000. In this landslide zone, we used the SLIDE 5.0 software, Rock science Inc. in order to analyze the slope stability. The program showed an unstable state of the slope with safety factor values Fs<0.4 for different slide surfaces in the landslide zone. To increase the factor Fs, we proposed some remedial and protection measures of the slope. Using these measures in the SLIDE software, we observed that the safe factor increased with values greater than Fs=3.