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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Preference theory'
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Bibow, Jörg. "Essays on liquidity preference theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388765.
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Murray, Malcolm. "Occurrent Contractarianism: A Preference-Based Ethical Theory." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/757.
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There is a problem within contractarian ethics that I wish to resolve. It concerns individualpreferences. Contractarianism holds that morality, properly conceived, can satisfy individualpreferences and interests better than amorality or immorality. W hat is unclear, however, iswhether these preferences are those individuals actually hold or those that they should hold. The goal of my thesis is to investigate this question. I introduce a version of contractarian ethicsthat relies on ind ividual preferences in a manner more stringent than has been in the literatureto date.
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Perrin, Nancy Ann. "The general recognition theory of preference : a new theory of choice /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487267546981579.
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Song, Xinxi. "Preference under ambiguity : testing and identification." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77577/.
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This dissertation focuses on testing and identifying individual ambiguity preference under the framework of "smooth ambiguity preference" developed by Klibanoff, Marinacci, and Mukerji (2005). Following the seminal contributions of Allais (1953) and Ellsberg (1961), experimental data have consistently demonstrated that individuals do not behave in accordance with predictions of the expected utility model when they face uncertainty. As one important class of ambiguity utility, the smooth ambiguity model distinguishes ambiguity aversion from risk aversion, which makes the comparative statics possible. However, currently there is little work on testing and recovering such preferences based on observable choices. The dissertation contains four parts. Chapter 2 uses two approaches to derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for observed individual portfolio choice to be compatible with the smooth ambiguity preference. The first approach is the revealed preference method, and is based on finite observations. The second approach is demand function testing, and is based on infinite observations. Chapter 3 establishes the conditions under which the smooth ambiguity preference can be uniquely identified from individual demand functions. In Chapter 4, I extend the argument of Varian (1988) to multiple observations and incomplete market case to non-parametrically test different shapes of risk aversion, and then to test hypotheses on shapes of ambiguity aversion. In Chapter 5, to use household survey data to identify household risk and ambiguity aversion, I build a simple parametric model to identify household risk and ambiguity aversion from their saving and portfolio choice. The data from the Bank of Italy Survey on Household Income and Wealth 2008 and 2010 support the constant relative risk aversion and constant relative ambiguity aversion hypothesis, and give evidence of the magnitude of household risk and ambiguity aversion.
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Chien, Yung-hsin. "Probabilistic preference modeling /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Yūsuf, Riḍwān Arẹmu. "The theory of Istiḥsān (juristic preference) in Islamic law." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39302.
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Istihsan(juristic preference) deviates from and sometimes contradicts well-established general precepts of law. It calls for a considerable amount of personal judgment on the part of the jurist who applies it. In the early period of Islam, istihsan was identified with ra'y (personal opinion) which frequently lacked systematic guide-lines. Abu Hanifah (d. 150/767) does not consider istihsan as a merely arbitrary opinion. He believes that it is a procedure of setting aside an apparently strict ruling of analogy in the interest of fairness and justice.On the other hand, Shafi'i (d. 204/819) adopts a text-oriented approach; he believes that a Muslim jurist is guided, not by intuition, but by textual evidence (dalil). He therefore subscribes to qiyas (inference by analogy) and rejects istihsan. An Hanafi jurist, Sarakhsi (d. 490/1096) later wrote a chapter on the explanation of qiyas, istihsan and takhsis al-'illah (particularization of the cause) as a rebuttal to Shafi'i's criticism of istihsan. Ibn Taymiyah (d. 728/1327), and Hanbali jurist, not only agrees with the istihsan, but believes that it is in reality takhsis al-'illah. To this effect, he wrote a treatise on istihsan and called it Mas'alat al-Istihsan.
This thesis studies the concept of istihsan as described by the above mentioned jurists, and some of their works on the subject are translated into English. The purpose of this thesis is to offer an historical study on juristic preference, its relationship with qiyas and takhsis al-'illah. This study attempts to add to our knowledge of istihsan and leads us to further and fuller analysis of why Shafi'i rejected it.
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Nowak, Krzysztof Zbigniew. "Conceptual reasoning : belief, multiple agents and preference /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn946.pdf.
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Allen, Thomas E. "CP-nets: From Theory to Practice." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cs_etds/42.
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Conditional preference networks (CP-nets) exploit the power of ceteris paribus rules to represent preferences over combinatorial decision domains compactly. CP-nets have much appeal. However, their study has not yet advanced sufficiently for their widespread use in real-world applications. Known algorithms for deciding dominance---whether one outcome is better than another with respect to a CP-net---require exponential time. Data for CP-nets are difficult to obtain: human subjects data over combinatorial domains are not readily available, and earlier work on random generation is also problematic. Also, much of the research on CP-nets makes strong, often unrealistic assumptions, such as that decision variables must be binary or that only strict preferences are permitted. In this thesis, I address such limitations to make CP-nets more useful. I show how: to generate CP-nets uniformly randomly; to limit search depth in dominance testing given expectations about sets of CP-nets; and to use local search for learning restricted classes of CP-nets from choice data.
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Thomson, Lisa, and FRANCISandLISA@bigpond com. "Clerical Workers, Enterprise Bargaining and Preference Theory: Choice & Constraint." La Trobe University. School of Social Sciences, 2004. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20050801.172053.
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This thesis is a case study about the choices and constraints faced by women clerical workers in a labour market where they have very little autonomy in negotiating their pay and conditions of employment. On the one hand, clerical work has developed as a feminised occupation with a history of being low in status and low paid. On the other hand, it is an ideal occupation for women wanting to combine work and family across their life cycle. How these two phenomena impact upon women clerical workers ability to negotiate enterprise agreements is the subject of this thesis.
From a theoretical perspective this thesis builds upon Catherine Hakim�s preference theory which explores the choices women clerical workers� make in relation to their work and family lives. Where Hakim�s preference theory focuses on the way in which women use their agency to determine their work and life style choices, this thesis gives equal weighting to the impact of agency and the constraints imposed by external structures such as the availability of part-time work and childcare, as well as the impact of organisational culture.
The research data presented was based on face-to-face interviews with forty female clerical workers. The clerical workers ranged in age from 21 to 59 years of age. The respondents were made up of single or partnered women without family responsibilities, women juggling work and family, and women who no longer had dependent children and were approaching retirement. This thesis contends that these clerical workers are ill placed to optimise their conditions of employment under the new industrial regime of enterprise bargaining and individual contracts. Very few of the women were union members and generally they were uninformed about their rights and entitlements.
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Thomson, Lisa. "Clerical workers, enterprise bargaining and preference theory : choice & constraint /." Access full text, 2004. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/thesis/public/adt-LTU20050801.172053/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- La Trobe University, 2004. Submitted to the School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 283-294). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Schofield, N. "Social equilibrium." Thesis, University of Essex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370494.
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Zhang, Yiru. "Modeling and management of imperfect preferences with the theory of belief functions." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S006.
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Aujourd'hui, surtout dans le monde numérique, il nous est demandé nos préférences sur toute sorte de choses. La modélisation et gestion de ces préférences ouvrent de nouveaux défis. Ces travaux se concentrent sur les imperfections dans l'information des préférences, telles que l'incertitude, l'imprécision et l'incomplétude. Dans cette thèse, nous passons en revue les méthodes d'état de l'art sur l'agrégation et l'apprentissage des préférences. Fondé sur la théorie des fonctions de croyance, nous proposons une modèle, nommé BFpref, permettant à raisonner les préférences au niveau du coupe à partir d’un degré de croyance. Le modèle BFpref est capable de représenter l'incertitude, l'imprécision ainsi que l'incomplétude par l'ignorance totale dans le cadre des fonctions de croyance. Nous proposons ensuite des stratégies pertinentes pour fusionner de multiple préférences crédibilistes. De plus, une distance sur les préférences imparfaites est introduite afin de tenir compte différemment des quatre types de relations de préférence. Cette distance est nommée Weighted Singleton Distance (WSD). La classification non-supervisée sur les préférences crédibilistes est aussi étudiée en distinguant les préférences complètes et incomplètesToday, especially in the digital world, we are asked about our preferences on many things. Modeling and managing these preferences open up new challenges. This work focuses on imperfections in preference information, such as uncertainty, imprecision and incompleteness. In this thesis, we review state-of-the-art methods on preference aggregation and preference learning. Based on the theory of belief functions, we propose a model of preference information on the pairs of alternatives (or objects) being compared. This model is called Bfpref. BFpref model is capable of expressing uncertainty, imprecision and as incompleteness through total ignorance in the framework of the theory of belief functions. We then propose relevant strategies to fuse multiple belief preferences. In addition, a distance on imperfect preferences is introduced to take into account the four types of preference relationships differently. This distance is called Weighted Singleton Distance (WSD). The unsupervised classification on imperfect preferences with BFpref model is also studied by distinguishing between complete and incomplete preferences
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Yang, Lin. "Subjective and preference-sensitive multidimensional well-being and inequality." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3493/.
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This thesis proposes a comprehensive framework that allows analysis of preference-sensitive well-being and inequality. It draws together complementary aspects of attempts to operationalise a more inclusive and multidimensional definition of well-being, through subjective well-being measurement, social welfare theory, and multidimensional indices of well-being and inequality. Theoretical proposals and empirical strategies are put forward, with illustrations using data from the British Household Panel Survey. Chapter 1 examines the underlying structure of subjective well-being, and the relationship between these subjective components of well-being and commonly targeted objective well-being indicators. A key finding is that subjective well-being follows a time-consistent dual structure of underlying ‘life satisfaction’ and ‘emotional well-being’ components. Additionally, the ‘life satisfaction’ component appears more strongly associated than the ‘emotional well-being’ component to changes in objective indicators of well-being. The ‘preference index approach’, the central proposal of the thesis, is introduced in Chapter 2. Preference comparisons are inspected at the individual and subgroup level, and a preference-sensitive index of multidimensional well-being is proposed. The chapter then uses the results of Chapter 1 to support the use of longitudinal life satisfaction regression to estimate the heterogeneous preferences between objective dimensions of life. Chapter 3 illustrates the properties of the preference index approach in terms of multidimensional inequality analysis. The main contribution is the incorporation of preference inequality as well as distributional inequality, and the ability to quantify their interdependent contributions to overall inequality in multidimensional well-being.
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Adams, Abigail. "The nonparametric approach to demand analysis : essays in revealed preference theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d2a548aa-e720-4975-802b-e55d08dec9e6.
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This thesis comprises three principal essays, each of which provides a contribution to the literature on the nonparametric approach to demand analysis. In each essay, I develop novel techniques that follow in the revealed preference tradition, and apply them to tackle a series of questions that concern the mechanisms underlying consumer spending decisions. Each technique developed is tightly linked to a particular nonparametric theory of choice behaviour and is explicitly designed for use with a finite set of observations. My work draws heavily upon results from finite mathematics, into which I integrate insights from information theory and integer programming. The output of this endeavor is a set of methodologies that are largely free of auxiliary assumptions over the form of the unobserved structural functions of interest. Providing greater detail on the work to come, my first essay extends and clarifies the nonparametric approach to forecasting demand behaviour at new budget regimes. Using insights from information theory and integer programming, I construct an operational nonparametric definition of global rationality and develop a methodology that facilitates the recovery of globally rational individual demand predictions. This is the first attempt in the literature to develop a systematic methodology to impose global rationality on nonparametric demand predictions. The resulting forecasts allow for unrestricted preference heterogeneity in the population and I demonstrate how these predictions can be used for coherent welfare analysis. In my second and third essays, I prove new revealed preference testability axioms for models that extend the traditional neoclassical choice framework. Specifically, in my second essay, I address the intertemporal allocation of spending by collectives, whilst my final essay integrates taste variation into the utility maximisation framework. In both of these essays, I develop my testable results into practical algorithms that allow one to recover salient features of individual preferences. In my second essay, a methodology is developed to recover the minimal intrahousehold heterogeneity in theory-consistent discount rates, whilst my final essay develops a quadratic programming procedure that facilitates the recovery of the minimal interpersonal and intertemporal heterogeneity in tastes that is required to rationalise observed choice patterns. Applying these techniques to consumption micro-data yields new empirical insights that are of relevance to the applied literatures on time discounting, family economics and the public policy debate on tobacco control.
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Adelman, Dan. "Preference reversal and the independence axiom." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1342184240.
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Liu, Xudong. "MODELING, LEARNING AND REASONING ABOUT PREFERENCE TREES OVER COMBINATORIAL DOMAINS." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cs_etds/43.
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In my Ph.D. dissertation, I have studied problems arising in various aspects of preferences: preference modeling, preference learning, and preference reasoning, when preferences concern outcomes ranging over combinatorial domains. Preferences is a major research component in artificial intelligence (AI) and decision theory, and is closely related to the social choice theory considered by economists and political scientists. In my dissertation, I have exploited emerging connections between preferences in AI and social choice theory. Most of my research is on qualitative preference representations that extend and combine existing formalisms such as conditional preference nets, lexicographic preference trees, answer-set optimization programs, possibilistic logic, and conditional preference networks; on learning problems that aim at discovering qualitative preference models and predictive preference information from practical data; and on preference reasoning problems centered around qualitative preference optimization and aggregation methods. Applications of my research include recommender systems, decision support tools, multi-agent systems, and Internet trading and marketing platforms.
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Petrovajová, Gabriela. "Výběrový experiment - preference horolezců při výběru lezeckých oblastí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-12473.
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This diploma thesis is concerned with the use of the choice experiment method for modelling the demand for recreation of rock-climbing in Czech Republic. The main scope of this diploma thesis is to find the main atributes for the individual's decision making about the choice of recreation area and derivation of their implicit prices. The next point of this diploma thesis is to find out a socioeconomic sctructure of the respondents. The theoretical part involves an explanation of the main economic terms, a detailed description of the choice experiment method and a list of papers concerned with a rock climbing. The practical part describes the procedure of the aplication choice experiment method step by step -- the questioning preparation, the data survey, the data analysis and the interpretation of results. The conditional logit is used to the choice experiment analysis.
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Yang, Hui-Ming. "Effects of payoff functions and preference distributions in an adaptive population /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?PHYS%202007%20YANG.
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Isak, Ström. "Reference Dependent Preference towards Risk : Evidence from the U.S. Professional Golf Tour." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388396.
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The standing debate regarding how preferences should be defined is still evident in research today. Are they invariant to current endowment as a neoclassical practitioner would proclaim, or reference dependent as a behavioural economist would state? This theoretical discrepancy, regarding how preferences should be defined, when agents are experienced at what they do is found by List (2003) to be non-existing. In recollection of this notation, this thesis investigates how professional agents adopt risk in reference to a point that a neoclassical practitioner would deem irrational. With data on professional golf players on the U.S professional golf tour during 2013-2018, I find evidence that players respond in terms of what risk they adapt to a normatively irrelevant reference point in accordance to what Prospect Theory would predict. Indicating that even experienced agents have reference dependent preference towards risk. To give what the data proclaim a causal interpretation I adopt a quasi-experimental regression kink design. My estimates indicate a causal kink at my artificial threshold but are proven fragile to bandwidth alterations. Even though a causal claim is questionable, a sensitivity analysis finds evidence that my artificial threshold drives the relationship. Supporting the viewpoint that preferences towards risk are reference dependent and that experience does not eradicate the difference between what we do and what we should do.
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Paschel, Jarrett Michael. "A theory of collective taste and preference : the sociology of food and wine /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8914.
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Carbone, Enrica. "Preference functionals and stochastic specifications : investigations into individual decision making under risk." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288067.
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Gouider, Héla. "Graphical preference representation under a possibilistic framework." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30243/document.
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La modélisation structurée de préférences, fondée sur les notions d'indépendance préférentielle, a un potentiel énorme pour fournir des approches efficaces pour la représentation et le raisonnement sur les préférences des décideurs dans les applications de la vie réelle. Cette thèse soulève la question de la représentation des préférences par une structure graphique. Nous proposons une nouvelle lecture de réseaux possibilistes, que nous appelons p-pref nets, où les degrés de possibilité représentent des degrés de satisfaction. L'approche utilise des poids de possibilité non instanciés (appelés poids symboliques), pour définir les tables de préférences conditionnelles. Ces tables donnent naissance à des vecteurs de poids symboliques qui codent les préférences qui sont satisfaites et celles qui sont violées dans un contexte donné. Nous nous concentrons ensuite sur les aspects théoriques de la manipulation de ces vecteurs. En effet, la comparaison de ces vecteurs peut s'appuyer sur différentes méthodes: celles induites par la règle de chaînage basée sur le produit ou celle basée sur le minimum que sous-tend le réseau possibiliste, les raffinements du minimum le discrimin, ou leximin, ainsi que l'ordre Pareto, et le Pareto symétrique qui le raffine. Nous prouvons que la comparaison par produit correspond exactement au celle du Pareto symétrique et nous nous concentrons sur les avantages de ce dernier par rapport aux autres méthodes. En outre, nous montrons que l'ordre du produit est consistant avec celui obtenu en comparant des ensembles de préférences satisfaites des tables. L'image est complétée par la proposition des algorithmes d'optimisation et de dominance pour les p-pref nets. Dans ce travail, nous discutons divers outils graphiques pour la représentation des préférences. Nous nous focalisons en particulier sur les CP-nets car ils partagent la même structure graphique que les p-pref nets et sont basés sur la même nature de préférences. Nous prouvons que les ordres induits par les CP-nets ne peuvent pas contredire ceux des p-pref nets et nous avons fixé les contraintes nécessaires pour raffiner les ordres des p-pref nets afin de capturer les contraintes Ceteris Paribus des CP-nets. Cela indique que les CP-nets représentent potentiellement une sous-classe des p-pref nets avec des contraintes. Ensuite, nous fournissons une comparaison approfondie entre les différents modèles graphiques qualitatifs et quantitatifs, et les p-pref nets. Nous en déduisons que ces derniers peuvent être placés à mi- chemin entre les modèles qualitatifs et les modèles quantitatifs puisqu'ils ne nécessitent pas une instanciation complète des poids symboliques alors que des informations supplémentaires sur l'importance des poids peuvent être prises en compte. La dernière partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'extension du modèle proposé pour représenter les préférences de plusieurs agents. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons l'utilisation de réseaux possibilistes où les préférences sont de type tout ou rien et nous définissons le conditionnement dans le cas de distributions booléennes. Nous montrons par ailleurs que ces réseaux multi-agents ont une contrepartie logique utile pour vérifier la cohérence des agents. Nous expliquons les étapes principales pour transformer ces réseaux en format logique. Enfin, nous décrivons une extension pour représenter des préférences nuancées et fournissons des algorithmes pour les requêtes d'optimisation et de dominanceStructured modeling of preference statements, grounded in the notions of preferential independence, has tremendous potential to provide efficient approaches for modeling and reasoning about decision maker preferences in real-life applications. This thesis raises the question of representing preferences through a graphical structure. We propose a new reading of possibilistic networks, that we call p-pref nets, where possibility weights represent satisfaction degrees. The approach uses non-instantiated possibility weights, which we call symbolic weights, to define conditional preference tables. These conditional preference tables give birth to vectors of symbolic weights that reflect the preferences that are satisfied and those that are violated in a considered situation. We then focus on the theoretical aspects of handling of these vectors. Indeed, the comparison of such vectors may rely on different orderings: the ones induced by the product-based, or the minimum based chain rule underlying the possibilistic network, the discrimin, or leximin refinements of the minimum- based ordering, as well as Pareto ordering, and the symmetric Pareto ordering that refines it. We prove that the product-based comparison corresponds exactly to symmetric Pareto and we focus on its assets compared to the other ordering methods. Besides, we show that productbased ordering is consistent with the ordering obtained by comparing sets of satisfied preference tables. The picture is then completed by the proposition of algorithms for handling optimization and dominance queries. In this work we discuss various graphical tools for preference representation. We shed light particularly on CP-nets since they share the same graphical structure as p-pref nets and are based on the same preference statements. We prove that the CP-net orderings cannot contradict those of the p-pref nets and we found suitable additional constraints to refine p-pref net orderings in order to capture Ceteris Paribus constraints of CP-nets. This indicates that CP-nets potentially represent a subclass of p-pref nets with constraints. Finally, we provide an thorough comparison between the different qualitative and quantitative graphical models and p-pref nets. We deduce that the latter can be positioned halfway between qualitative and quantitative models since they do not need a full instantiation of the symbolic weights while additional information about the relative strengths of these weights can be taken into account. The last part of this work is dedicated to extent the proposed model to represent multiple agents preferences. As a first step, we propose the use of possibilistic networks for representing all or nothing multiple agents preferences and define conditioning in the case of Boolean possibilities. These multiple agents networks have a logical counterpart helpful for checking agents consistency. We explain the main steps for transforming multiple agents networks into logical format. Finally, we outline an extension with priority levels of these networks and provide algorithms for handling optimization and dominance queries
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Fu, Xinri, and Xiaoyue Yao. "How Do Movie Producers Identify the Genre Shifting Trend?" Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13161.
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Genre is a very important characteristic for movies and generates utility for the audience, therefore, it is very useful for producers and investors to study the correlation between annual genre performance and consumer preference of the audience. How are genre elements reflecting the audience’s taste every year? Does it change over time and does this change have a pattern? With Lancaster’s characteristic consumption theory as an approach, we explored the balance and shifting trends of the popularity of genre elements, thus providing guidance and predictions for the producers and investors for decision making reference. A study based on 15 years of movie performance in box offices and award ceremonies indicates that consumer’s preference on genre elements follow certain patterns and could be predicted. The importance of genre elements deserves more attention from decision makers, and perhaps a special unit on genre studies should be established economy-wised to much more deeply exploit their value.
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Horan, Kristin A. Horan. "Participant preference in interventions in occupational health psychology: Potential implications for autonomy." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1524949525954918.
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Podlesnik, Christopher Aaron. "Preference, Resistance to Change, and Qualitatively Different Reinforcers." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/124.
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Preference for one stimulus context over another and resistance to disruption within those contexts are a function of the conditions of reinforcement arranged within those contexts. According to behavioral momentum theory, these measures are converging expressions of the concept of response strength. Most studies have found that preference in concurrent chains and resistance to change are greater in contexts presenting higher rates or larger magnitudes of reinforcement. The present series of experiments attempted to extend behavioral momentum theory by examining whether differences in reinforcer type affect relative response strength with rats lever pressing for different types of food. In Experiment 1 of Chapter 2, several nonuniform disrupter types were examined that provided free access to a food type that was the same as one reinforcer type. Responding decreased more in the context presenting the same type of reinforcer as the disrupter, suggesting that many traditional disrupters (e.g., satiation) are inappropriate for examining how reinforcer type impacts response strength. Therefore, extinction was used throughout the remainder of the experiments to more uniformly disrupt responding across contexts. In Experiment 2 of Chapter 2, resistance to extinction was assessed when food pellets and a sucrose solution maintained responding across contexts. Moreover, relative reinforcer type was manipulated by changing the sucrose concentration across conditions. Relative response rates were systematically affected by changing sucrose concentration, but relative resistance to extinction was not. In Experiment 3 of Chapter 2, qualitative difference between reinforcers was enhanced and preference also was assessed to provide a converging measure of response strength. Preference and relative response rates were systematically affected, but relative resistance to extinction again was not. Finally, in Chapter 3, relative reinforcer rate and type were manipulated while assessing preference and resistance to extinction using the matching law. Preference, but not resistance to extinction, consistently was affected by changes in reinforcer rate and type. Systematic deviations in sensitivity and bias, however, suggested that different reinforcer types interacted with reinforcer rate. Overall, these findings suggest that the overall context of reinforcement, including interactions between different reinforcer types, should be considered when assessing preference and relative resistance to change.
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Lee, Allen. "Insecurity Threat and its Implications for Leadership Preference." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1583.
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I investigated insecurity threat and its implications for employee leadership preferences. Preferences for three types of leadership style were examined: charismatic, relationship-oriented, and task-oriented leadership. It was anticipated that individuals’ salient work values would predict leadership preference more strongly after insecurity threat than under control conditions. Two different types of threats were investigated in comparison to a neutral control condition.
Results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in leader ratings between threat conditions. My results suggest that threat does not significantly influence preference for charismatic or task-oriented leaders. Work values did not significantly predict a preference for a leadership type.
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Saenger, Christina R. "Attachment Style, Identity Congruence, and Gift Preference: A Dyadic Model of Gift Exchange." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1334439937.
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Weil, Audrey M. "Predictors of Reasoning Ability: Working Memory Capacity and Fuzzy Processing Preference Index." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1397745903.
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Morison, J. W. E. "The theory of punishment : An investigation of theories of punishment in relation to the preference for excuses." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378483.
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Brown, Sacha Devine. "Creative Performance, Creative Partner Preference, and Creative Perception: A Test of Fisher's Runaway Sexual Selection Theory." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146888.
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Prior research suggests that creativity is a trait women find attractive in potential male romantic partners. This study applied Fisher's theory of runaway sexual selection to creativity. Fisher's theory predicts that when a trait with no apparent adaptive advantage is found sexually attractive, both prevalence of and preference for the trait should increase over evolutionary time. This study hypothesized that creative performance and creative partner preference would be correlated, as predicted by this theory. It was believed that perception of creativity would be necessary if individuals are to successfully identify it in partners, which would then allow for the runaway chain of events identified by Fisher to occur. Creative self-perception was hypothesized to correlate with the creative performance and creative partner preference as well. Study participants (198 heterosexual undergraduate females) were given measures of the three constructs of interest and general intelligence was also assessed. Results supported Fisher's runaway sexual selection theory and the hypothesized relationship between creative performance, creative partner preference, and creative self-perception. This study found that women high in creativity were also more likely to prefer that potential partners be higher in creativity and were also more likely to perceive themselves as creative. Previous findings that creative performance and intelligence are related were also supported. Implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed.
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Anderson, Timothy Reges. "Harmonic interval preference in twelve-tone composition : a comparison of theory and practice in Schoenberg's work /." Connect to resource, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124805242.
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Zhao, Zhenyu. "Factors Affecting the Preference of Buying Hybrid and Electric Vehicles." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447231.
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Electric Vehicles is regarded as an important solution for emission reduction. But, the adoption to it is still a problem in many countries. With survey data containing demographic and attitude factors of respondents, this paper proposes two classification models: logistic regression and random forest using the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) as an intermediate step to identify the factors affecting the willingness of electric vehicles purchase. The analysis shows that the addition of MCA does enhance the explanatory power while it takes a low cost on prediction performance, and the results reveal that characteristics such as frequency of using modern transport services, car-sharing subscription, living place, mode of frequent trip do have a significant impact on EV purchases.
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Spyrou, Evangelos. "Performance analysis of wireless LAN signals transmitted over a ricean fading channel in a pulsed-noise preference environment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FSpyrou.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering and M.S. in Systems Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.Thesis Advisor(s): R. Clark Robertson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-68). Also available online.
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Ahn, Sun Young, and Sun Young Ahn. "Change to Sustainable Choice: The Role of Preference-Inconsistent Information." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621748.
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Cognitive dissonance theory and selective information exposure literature postulate that individuals ignore preference-inconsistent information and selectively process new information. Previous studies on selective information exposure have shown that preference-inconsistent information is not persuasive for consumer decision making. Given the limited amount of past research about the effect of preference-inconsistent information on decision-making in broad domains of consumer behavior studies, the current study investigated how preference-inconsistent information can persuade consumers to switch to a sustainable product alternative. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process how preference-inconsistent sustainability-related information can be considered as important, consequently changing consumers' initial preference to green alternatives. A series of online experiments was conducted using a shampoo product category. Study 1 tested a baseline effect on whether consumers in the preference-inconsistent condition were persuaded to change their initial choice significantly compared to those in the preference-consistent condition. Study 2 tested the effect of preference-inconsistent sustainability-related information in the acceptance process, focusing on the role of brand commitment and information quality. Study 3 examined the effect of preference-inconsistent sustainability-related information in the evaluation process, investigating the impact of consumer environmental concern and PCE. Findings of Study 1 revealed that consumers in the preference-inconsistent condition were significantly persuaded to change choice to a sustainable alternative, which is not consistent with selective exposure literature. However, Study 1 findings were not sufficient to determine what specific factors influenced respondents to be persuaded, which provides justifications for Study 2 and Study 3. Findings in Study 2 and Study 3 conclusively demonstrated the importance of the credibility of preference-inconsistent information in the acceptance process. Also, findings suggested that the effect of credibility is stronger than that of brand commitment in the acceptance process. Regarding brand commitment, the results have shown that high commitment consumers had a higher acceptance of inconsistent information which is opposite to expectations. Further, the findings demonstrated the importance of environmental concern and the conditional effect of PCE in the evaluation process. Moreover, results supported that the relative weighting of sustainability attributes is driving the effects of environmental concern and PCE as a mediator on persuasion outcomes in the evaluation process. The current study contributes to understanding the process in which the preference-inconsistent information can be effective in influencing consumer choice. Moreover, findings from this research can provide implications for selective exposure literature and sustainable consumption literature. Practically, the results of the study provide implications to guide marketers and information providers in establishing effective ways to change consumers' behavior in sustainable consumption context.
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Kim, Semin. "Essays on Mechanism Design and Positive Political Theory: Voting Rules and Behavior." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1395839366.
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Stroukal, Dominik. "Rozdíly v postavení mužů a žen na českém trhu práce." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261933.
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This thesis consists of five articles that apply current world research on labor economics at the Czech Republic and confirms the significant differences between men and women in this market. It shows that gender has a significant influence on the preference on the labor market and, consequently, on employment and health. First, the thesis shows that preferences are relevant determinant of career and then we study the difference in preference of salary for men and women. Subsequently it shows that gender plays a significant role in explaining the relationship between homeownership, and unemployment, as well as unemployment and health. The first chapter was able to demonstrate that the preference for a career has a positive influence on the choice of career. The influence of higher education on prioritizing career proved to be positive and significant. Probability of a career choice is reduced by the presence of children, however, is not dependent on their number, which is contrary to the theory of preferences. The second chapter shows that Czech women prefer more non-monetary rewards than men. It has also been shown that people with university education are same in the preferences of non-monetary rewards regardless of the gender of the respondents, however, compared to the world's research, the Czech higher education increases this preference. It turned out that women prefer risk less than men. The third chapter demonstrates that although the housing market undermines labor mobility and employment in the Czech Republic at the regional level, therefore, that in regions with a higher rate of home ownership is higher unemployment, at the individual level, the owners of housing are unemployed are less likely. The estimates are significantly different for men and women. Men living in owner-occupied housing have a higher likelihood of employment than women. At regional level, however, this thesis shows that the high rate of home ownership increases unemployment for both men and women, in the long run only to women. The fourth chapter showed that men transition to homeownership reduces the likelihood of unemployment next year. For women, this relationship has proved to be insignificant. In addition, as insignificant showed the opposite relationship, the transition from unemployment to the newly acquired home ownership. The last chapter shows that the change in the working status to unemployment will increase in the future probability of worse health. Influence in less than two years, however, proved to be significant. An important conclusion is that men have a significantly stronger relationship between health and unemployment than women.
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Remus, Britten Grace. "An Investigation of the Effects of Practice on Color Memory as a Function of Condition, Dimension and Color." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31033.
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Forty-two college aged participants took part in a mixed repeated measures factorial design experiment that assessed color memory as a function of condition (practice with feedback, practice without feedback and no practice), dimension (hue, saturation and lightness) and color (red, yellow, green and blue). Attention was focused on the distinction between memory color and color memory, color experience and preference, mechanisms of color perception and theories of color vision (see below). Only two significant effects were found: a significant main effect for dimension and a significant interaction between dimension and color. Pearson correlations were assessed between color memory and color experience, color preference and observer imagery. None of the correlations were significant. The results of the experiments revealed that practice does not have a significant effect on color memory and the conclusion, therefore, is that the phenomenon of color memory is not improved by practice. A tentative explanation involves the early stages of color processing which are presumed to be computational in nature and to take place independently of cognitive processes such as learning and memory, which do not take place until visual information has reached the extrastriate areas. By that time, color information has been combined with information about context, in area V4 of the human visual cortex (Zeki & Marini, 1998). Although it has been shown through this experiment that practice does not improve memory for color, the possibility remains that practice may improve memory color for specific objects - namely ecologically relevant stimuli - since memory color involves higher order processing, such as learning and memory.Master of Science
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Goucher-Lambert, Kosa Kendall. "Investigating Decision Making in Engineering Design Through Complementary Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroimaging Experiments." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/910.
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Decision-making is a fundamental process of human thinking and behavior. In engineering design, decision-making is studied from two different points of view: users and designers. User focused design studies tend to investigate ways to better inform the design process through the elicitation of preferences or information. Designer studies are broad in nature, but usually attempt to illustrate and understand some aspect of designer behavior, such as ideation, fixation, or collaboration. Despite their power, both qualitative and quantitative research methods are ultimately limited by the fact that they rely on direct input from the research participants themselves. This can be problematic, as individuals may not be able to accurately represent what they are truly thinking, feeling, or desiring at the time of the decision. A fundamental goal in both user- and designer-focused studies is to understand how the mind works while individuals are making decisions. This dissertation addresses these issues through the use of complementary behavioral and neuroimaging experiments, uncovering insights into how the mind processes design-related decision-making and the implications of those processes. To examine user decision-making, a visual conjoint analysis (preference modeling approach) was utilized for sustainable preference judgments. Here, a novel preference-modeling framework was employed, allowing for the real time calculation of dependent environmental impact metrics during individual choice decisions. However, in difficult moral and emotional decision-making scenarios, such as those involving sustainability, traditional methods of uncovering user preferences have proven to be inconclusive. To overcome these shortcomings, a neuroimaging approach was used. Specifically, study participants completed preference judgments for sustainable products inside of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. Results indicated that theory of mind and moral reasoning processes occur during product evaluations involving sustainability. Designer decision-making was explored using an analogical reasoning and concept development experiment. First, a crowdsourcing method was used to obtain meaningful analogical stimuli, which were validated using a behavioral experiment. Following this, fMRI was used to uncover the neural mechanisms associated with analogical reasoning in design. Results demonstrated that analogies generally benefit designers; particularly after significant time on idea generation has taken place. Neuroimaging data helped to show two distinct brain activation networks based upon reasoning with and without analogies. We term these fixation driven external search and analogically driven internal search.. Fixation driven external search shows designers during impasse, as increased activation in brain regions associated with visual processing causes them to direct attention outward in search of inspiration. Conversely, during analogically driven internal search, significant areas of activation are observed in bilateral temporal and left parietal regions of the brain. These brain regions are significant, as prior research has linked them to semantic word-processing, directing attention to memory retrieval, and insight during problem solving. It is during analogically driven internal search that brain activity shows the most effective periods of ideation by participants.
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Leibe, Mary. "Creating Healthy Urban Environments: Commercial Landscaping, Preference and Public Health." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2262.
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Landscape development[1] can provide many benefits, including the reduction of stormwater runoff and the creation of habitats for wildlife. It can also provide health benefits. Researchers, such as Roger Ulrich and Rita Berto have demonstrated that views of trees and other vegetation are associated with lower blood pressure and reduced recovery times in hospitals and that environments with more natural elements may lessen mental fatigue (R. Ulrich 1984) and (Berto 2005).
As rebuilding in New Orleans continues 11 years after Hurricane Katrina, landscape development has been limited or lacking, especially in the redevelopment of commercial properties. Two prominent reasons for this deficiency are a lack of funding and, until August of 2015, the absence of a comprehensive landscape ordinance.
The purpose of the research presented here is to determine the degree to which community residents express a preference for healthier commercial environments. As part of my research, I measured community perceptions of four potential redevelopment concepts for a blighted strip shopping center utilizing attention restoration theory (ART), which postulates that certain environmental qualities contribute to reductions in mental fatigue. I found that commercial environments with the most quality landscaping[2] are those that neighborhood residents most prefer and are most conducive to better health.
Keywords: mental fatigue, attention restoration theory, perceived restoration scale, commercial landscape quantity, public health, healthy urban environment
[1] Refer to operational definitions (pages 4-6).
[2] Refer to operational definitions (pages 4-6).
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Shaffer, Victoria A. "Preference reversals in employee evaluations of cash versus non-cash incentives." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117599610.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 102 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-102). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Kongnakorn, Thitima. "Development and Test of a New Method for Preference Measurement for Multistate Health Profiles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4946.
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This dissertation aims at developing and testing a new method that can better capture preferences for multistate health profiles. The motivation arose from the failure of the QALY (Quality-Adjusted Life Year) model in adequately capturing preferences in multistate health profiles. The current QALY-based technique captures preferences for multistate health profiles by evaluating each health state in the profile independently of other states. As the past literature showed, this additive independence condition does not hold in practice and hence such approach is inadequate. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel approach to measure preferences for multistate health profiles by looking at two consecutive health states at a time. It hypothesizes that an evaluation of the future health state is dependent or "conditioned" on the level of the preceding, or current, health state. Characteristics of the current health state that are suspected to impact the resulting conditional preference scores for future health state are systematically explored in a carefully designed empirical study. The interested factors include duration of the current health state, direction of change and amplitude of change between the current and future health states. A 2
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Rogers, Ross E. "Shuffling Deck Chairs on the Titanic: A Terror Management Perspective on Idleness Aversion and Preference for Busyness." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou151776776512545.
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Johansson, Jakob, and Hallberg Martin. "Does Corporate Liquidity Affect Dividend Policy? : A Quantitative Study on Public European Firms." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184863.
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This thesis examines the relationship between corporate liquidity and dividend policy. The corporate liquidity is measured by proven liquidity ratios and the dividend policy is divided into cash dividends and share repurchases. In order to examine the possible relationship between corporate liquidity and dividend policy, public European firms are examined. Denmark, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, and the UK are selected based on the similarities in the regulation and market structure in the countries. The thesis aims at furthering the knowledge on the role played by corporate liquidity for dividend policy. In our ambition to investigate the before-mentioned relationship we use a panel data set over five years extracted from Datastream. Any newfound evidence on the subject can help investors, creditors, and other stakeholders in evaluating firms based on their liquidity. We used a deductive quantitative method to analyse the chosen relationship. The study concluded a significant relationship between corporate liquidity and dividend, although negative as opposed to our expectations. With regards to share repurchase, no significant effect was found from corporate liquidity. Free cash flow on the other hand appears to have a positive effect on the amount of share repurchases carried through. We discuss mentioned relationships and attribute them to the mature firms in this sample and the liquidity levels of mature firms.The theories supporting these findings are Agency Theory, Pecking Order Theory, Shareholder Theory, Stakeholder Theory, Liquidity Preference Theory.
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Ozturk, Ismet. "Preference, politeness and fluency as interrelated factors in BrE casual conversation : towards a theory of responding in contextualised interaction." Thesis, University of Kent, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244336.
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Debord, Bernard. "Axiomatisation de procédures d'agrégation de préférences." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010237.
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Soient D (les données) et M (les modules) deux ensemble de relations binaires sur un ensemble fini d'objets X. le but de cette thèse est l'étude, d'un point de vue axiomatiques, des (D,M)-procédures (ou multiprocédures) c'est à dire des applications qui à tout sous-ensemble fini de D associent un (ou plusieurs) élément de M. La première partie contient la caractérisation axiomatique des procédures et multiprocédures qui ne dépendent que des matrices de préférences ainsi que la caractérisation de ces matrices pour différents ensemble de données. La seconde partie est une étude d'une classe de multiprocédures qui généralisent la notion de fonction de choix. Enfin, dans la troisème partie, sont développées les notions de procédures et de multiprocédures prudentes ainsi que les variantes séquentielles de la procédure de Borda.
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Fritz, Cortney M. "The Influence of Language Preference on Bilingual Children's Expressive and Receptive Vocabulary and Reading Ability." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/87.
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Given the increase of Spanish- and English-speaking bilingual students in US schools, identifying the predictors of reading in this group of students is of significant importance to developing appropriate screening measures and intervention strategies. Thus, the current study evaluated the pattern of language preference in an elementary school bilingual (Spanish-English) population and its relationship with expressive and receptive vocabulary, and broad reading ability in English and Spanish. Participants were 58 Latino students ranging in age from 7 years, 5 months to 11 years, 1 month (M = 8.98, SD = .98) with 48% born in the United States. Results indicated that English expressive vocabulary partially mediated the relationship between outside language preference and English broad reading ability. In contrast, neither Spanish expressive nor receptive vocabulary mediated the relationship between outside language preference and Spanish broad reading ability.
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Button, Zach. "The application and interpretation of the two-parameter item response model in the context of replicated preference testing." Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20113.
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Master of ScienceStatistics
Suzanne Dubnicka
Preference testing is a popular method of determining consumer preferences for a variety of products in areas such as sensory analysis, animal welfare, and pharmacology. However, many prominent models for this type of data do not allow different probabilities of preferring one product over the other for each individual consumer, called overdispersion, which intuitively exists in real-world situations. We investigate the Two-Parameter variation of the Item Response Model (IRM) in the context of replicated preference testing. Because the IRM is most commonly applied to multiple-choice testing, our primary focus is the interpretation of the model parameters with respect to preference testing and the evaluation of the model’s usefulness in this context. We fit a Bayesian version of the Two-Parameter Probit IRM (2PP) to two real-world datasets, Raisin Bran and Cola, as well as five hypothetical datasets constructed with specific parameter properties in mind. The values of the parameters are sampled via the Gibbs Sampler and examined using various plots of the posterior distributions. Next, several different models and prior distribution specifications are compared over the Raisin Bran and Cola datasets using the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC). The Two-Parameter IRM is a useful tool in the context of replicated preference testing, due to its ability to accommodate overdispersion, its intuitive interpretation, and its flexibility in terms of parameterization, link function, and prior specification. However, we find that this model brings computational difficulties in certain situations, some of which require creative solutions. Although the IRM can be interpreted for replicated preference testing scenarios, this data typically contains few replications, while the model was designed for exams with many items. We conclude that the IRM may provide little evidence for marketing decisions, and it is better-suited for exploring the nature of consumer preferences early in product development.
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Dulovits, Stephan, and Yonas Hadgu Tewelu. "New venture financing order and founder preference: A multi-case study of Austrian Tech startups." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48946.
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This study investigates the source of financing in Austrian tech startups and aims to identify the main factors that affect the decision making of these firms. In doing so, we aim to contribute to the relatively limited field of research conducted in Europe. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, we implemented a multiple case study method as the research design. For the purpose of this study, a literature review was used that generated a theoretical framework. This framework focuses on capital structure with the main emphasis being on the pecking order theory. Additionally, government financial support is included as a secondary priority. Together with the theoretical framework, our empirical findings i.e. data from the interviews with six companies, one email response, and two additional secondary data from an Austrian startup publication comprised the basis for our analysis. Our findings from the sample companies used in this study show that Austrian tech startups use internal funding as an initial source of financing their new venture. When it comes to the order of funding, our findings show that most of the startups used in this study utilized equity as a second source of financing after internal funding and before debt. However, when it comes to the preference of the founders, half preferred a financing order that is inline with the pecking order theory while the remaining half preferred otherwise choosing equity to debt. From this, three conclusions can be drawn. First, the limited funding options available affect the decision making and preference of the tech startups. Second, founders value the nonfinancial added value they can get from investors both when implementing and preferring a financing option. Third, the future growth potential and the long term strategy of the startups and their founders play a crucial role in the funding option they prefer to finance their venture. Additionally, when it comes to capital structure, we see that most Austrian tech startups used in this study do not have a set policy. When it comes to Government financial support (GFS), we see that financial support from the government plays a significant role in Austrian tech startup financing.
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Richey, Gregory Boyd. "Media Preference and Risk Assessment: Mortality Salience and Mediating Effects of Worldview." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1301062941.
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Lee, Philseok. "Detecting Aberrant Responding on Unidimensional Pairwise Preference Tests: An Application of based on the Zinnes Griggs Ideal Point IRT Model." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4527.
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This study investigated the efficacy of the lz person fit statistic for detecting aberrant responding with unidimensional pairwise preference (UPP) measures, constructed and scored based on the Zinnes-Griggs (ZG, 1974) IRT model, which has been used for a variety of recent noncognitive testing applications. Because UPP measures are used to collect both "self-" and "other-" reports, I explored the capability of lz to detect two of the most common and potentially detrimental response sets, namely fake good and random responding. The effectiveness of lz was studied using empirical and theoretical critical values for classification, along with test length, test information, the type of statement parameters, and the percentage of items answered aberrantly (20%, 50%, 100%). We found that lz was ineffective in detecting fake good responding, with power approaching zero in the 100% aberrance conditions. However, lz was highly effective in detecting random responding, with power approaching 1.0 in long-test, high information conditions, and there was no diminution in efficacy when using marginal maximum likelihood estimates of statement parameters in place of the true values. Although using empirical critical values for classification provided slightly higher power and more accurate Type I error rates, theoretical critical values, corresponding to a standard normal distribution, provided nearly as good results.