Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Préformes'
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Leca, Adrienne. "Contribution à l'étude de la santé-matière de préformes carbone." Thesis, Le Havre, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEHA0016/document.
Full textThis aim of this work is to characterize the damage suffered by a carbon tow in textile processing methods, and more particularly during preforms weaving for composites materials. A mechanical characterization protocol on dry tow tensile test and a non-destructive method of image analysis, have been developed to quantify this damage
Najjar, Walid. "Contribution à la simulation de l'emboutissage de préformes textiles pour applications composites." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00841194.
Full textLafaye, De Micheaux Frédéric. "Fabrication de préformes par évaporation directe de chlorures : réalisation d'un équipement industriel." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20061.
Full textCoindreau, Olivia. "Etude 3D de préformes fibreuses : interaction entre phénomènes physico-chimiques et géométrie." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12800.
Full textThermostructural composites are characterized by their ability of operating under high mechanical stresses and high temperatures (above 1000 ʿC), such as in spatial propulsion systems or aircraft brake disks. Carbon-carbon composites (C/C) belong to this family of materials, made of fibers linked together by a ceramic matrix. They can be manufactured by CVI (Chemical Vapor Infiltration). This processing consists in densifying a heated fibrous preform by the chemical cracking of a vapor precursor of the matrix material inside the porosity of the preform. The final quality of the composites relies on the CVI densification phase, the optimization of which is a key issue. It is thus required to assess, at initial stages and during the densification, the geometrical characteristics of the preform (porosity, internal surface area, distribution of pore sizes), its gas transport properties (gas diffusivity, permeability) and its heat transfer properties (thermal conductivity). This study aims at determining these properties from 3D images of a real C/C preform at different stages of densification. The images have been obtained by X-ray microtomography at ESRF*. An original method has then been developed to compute the geometrical characteristics and the transport properties of this material. The procedure has been validated by comparing, at each step, the results obtained numerically with experimental data
Gagnaire, Henri. "Détermination des caractéristiques géométriques des fibres optiques et des tubes pour préformes." Saint-Etienne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STET4001.
Full textMohanna, Yasser. "Etude de l'état des contraintes internes des préformes et des fibres optiques." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0146.
Full textDuchamp, Boris. "Contribution à l’élaboration de préformes textiles pour le renforcement de réservoirs souples." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10081/document.
Full textThe dimensioning of the aircraft tanks is based on the performance levels to satisfy with respect to certifications described in MIL-TLD-27422-E. These performances are evaluated among others on the self-sealing capacity by a ballistics test but also for crash resistance by a "drop -test." For this test the tank, filled, is dropped in free fall from a height and hits the rigid ground, the integrity (without leakage) of the tank has to be preserved. Flexible tanks are consisted of three major components: an inner layer in contact with the fluid, a layer mainly dedicated to the self-sealing function, and a number of layers of elastomeric reinforced fabric for anti-crash properties. The lightweight approach led to rethink the design of these tanks while maintaining the performance levels in relation to these specifications. To do this, it is mainly the heavier layer, composed of coated textiles, which is to be optimized. This thesis work is part of this context, in the FUI Balloo project and aim to reduce the number of layers, incorporating textile reinforcement structures (exoskeleton) around bladders. The development of these textiles by braiding structures, the geometric characterization but also mechanical in uniaxial tension of these reinforcements have been the heart of the developments made. In this work, the braiding process is positioned relative to other textile reinforcements elaboration technologies. With the braider machinery available in laboratory GEMTEX (EA No. 2461 ENSAIT), and by a control of the process parameters, various braids configurations have been developed. An experimental approach of geometrical and mechanical properties characterization of these braided structures was conducted and was associated with a modeling approach of these characteristics. Finally these braided structures, assembled on a prototype tank were also tested on this scale
Charmetant, Adrien. "Approches hyperélastiques pour la modélisation du comportement mécanique de préformes tissées de composites." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00706212.
Full textHalouani, Ali. "Modélisation et optimisation des préformes du procédé de forgeage par Approche Pseudo Inverse." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS051.
Full textA new method called “Pseudo Inverse Approach” (PIA) is developed for the axi-symmetrical cold forging modelling. The PIA is based on the knowledge of the final part shape. Some « realistic » intermediate configurations are introduced in the PIA to consider the deformation path. They are created geometrically without contact treatment, and then corrected by using a free surface method in order to satisfy the equilibrium, the boundary conditions and the metal incompressibility. A new direct algorithm of plasticity is proposed, leading to a very fast, accurate and robust plastic integration method even in the case of very large strain increments. An isotropic damage model in deformation is coupled with the plasticity and implemented in the PIA. Numerical tests have shown that the Pseudo Inverse Approach gives very close results to those obtained by the incremental approach, but using much less calculation time.The PIA is adopted as forging solver for the design and optimization of preform tools in the multi-stage forging process. The rapidity and robustness of the PIA make the optimization procedure very powerful. A new method is developed to automatically generate the initial preform tool shape for the optimization procedure. The design variables are the vertical positions of the control points of B-spline curves describing the preform tool shape. Our multi-objective optimization is to minimize the equivalent plastic strain in the final part and the punch force during the forging process. The Genetic algorithm and Simulated Annealing algorithm are used to find optimal Pareto points. To reduce the number of forging simulations, a surrogate meta-model based on the kriging method is adopted to build an approximate response surface. The results obtained by the PIA using the optimal preform tools issued from the optimization procedure are compared to those obtained by using the classical incremental approaches to show the effectiveness and limitations of the PIA. The optimization procedure combined with the PIA can be a rapid and powerful tool for the design and optimization of the preform tools
Berlioz, Marion. "Conception et simulation des préformes en estampage en vue de l'obtention d'un devis rapide." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0134.
Full textMulat, Christianne. "Détection, caractérisation d'objets 3D et simulation d'évolution morphologique appliquée à l'infiltrabilité de préformes fibreuses." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13685/document.
Full textThis thesis connects image processing and physicochemical modeling to characterize the infiltrability of porous media. Infiltrability means “ability of a porous medium to receive a solid deposit brought by penetration of a carrier fluid”. A practical case is the preparation of ceramic-matrix composites by Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI). Various studies have proved that the fiber arrangement in preforms of composite materials affects the density of the material at the final stage. In this work, the morphological evolution of complex 3D porous media during the gas-phase infiltration is studied. The first step consists in the segmentation and characterization X-ray Micro Tomography of the infiltrated composite. The objects to be segmented are quasi cylindrical fibers. Two tools have been developed: an optimal estimator of the orientation toward the axis; and an algorithm to detect and characterize quasi cylindrical objects. Applied on images of fiber-reinforced composites, this approach makes it possible to obtain the block containing the fibers. This block is the complex porous medium used for infiltrability characterization. The second step addresses the fiber-scale modeling of CVI. It is based on random walkers and fluid / solid interface management by a simplified marching cube. Our algorithm is innovative since it handles simultaneously chemical reactions, gas transport in rarefied and continuum regimes, and the morphological evolution of porous structure. By combining these two steps, we can compare the deposit obtained by segmentation to simulated deposits obtained in various physicochemical regimes. This allows performing an inverse analysis of the actual deposition conditions from the morphology of the deposit. The provided computational approach also allows the comparison of different porous textures with respect to their infiltrability
Cardinal, Sandrine. "Etude comparative du comportement a l'infiltration par un métal sous pression de préformes de plaquettes d'Al2O3 et de préformes hybrides fibres/plaquettes d'Al2O3 : influence de l'hybridation sur les propriétés mécaniques du composite Al/Al2O3." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0050.
Full textThe aim of this study was to salve the problem of the failure of alumina platelets preform under high-pressure mf1ltrat1on of hqu1d metal. We treated this problem using the mechanics of porous media. It was demonstrated that the failure of the preform during infiltration is due to its brittle mechanical behavior. To prevent catastrophic failure, we mixed fibers to platelets. The mechanical characterization of such a "hybrid" preform showed that the presence of fibers increases its fracture energy. The mechanism controlling crack propagation in this material has been analyzed both experimentally and theoret1cally. The model developed to characterize the behavior of ceramic matrix composites agrees well with the experimental data. Finally, it was shown that, with such hybrid preform, neither cracking nor deformation occur During infiltration by squeeze-casting. It should be noted that the mixture of fibers and platelets decreases the final mechanical properties of the composite material. This can be explained by the large difference between the size of these two types of reinforcing particles. However, the stiffness of hybrid composite remains higher than that of a fiber reinforced composite
Meunier, Carole. "Contribution à la création d'un centre de fabrication de préformes pour fibres optiques hors normes : premières réalisations." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4220.
Full textLe, Parc Rozenn. "Diffusion de rayonnements et relaxation structurale dans les verres de silice et préformes de fibres optiques." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10109.
Full textGnaba, Imen. "Étude du comportement mécanique et de la déformabilité de préformes fibreuses renforcées dans l’épaisseur par piquage." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I110.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of the mechanical behavior of thickened glass and carbon dry textile preforms for thick composite applications with complex shapes. The Through-the-Thickness Reinforcement technique by tufting was chosen because of its advantages over other 3D reinforcement technologies. Glass (plain weave) and carbon (5H satin weave) preforms with different number of plies, reinforced by a carbon thread and according to different tufting patterns (0°, 90° and 0°/90°) were performed by a tufting machine developed within the laboratory and adapted to the requirements of the thesis. These preforms served as a support for an identification approach of the mechanical behavior by means of elementary tests in uniaxial tensile, bending and in-plane shear. This part of the study made it possible to understand the contributions of the different tufting patterns on the mechanical properties of tufted preforms in comparison with those un-tufted. A comparison on the influence of tufting reinforcement of the plain and 5H satin weaves respectively with glass and carbon fibers was conducted according to the deformation mechanisms and the contributions of the tufting thread. Associated to these elementary tests, the influence of tufting on the out-of-plane mechanical properties during the stamping preforming stage was analyzed on two types of carbon stratification: [0°/90°, -45°/+45°] and [0°/90°, -45°/+45°]2. The study was based on the evaluation of maximum punch force, maximum material draw-in, shear angle mapping, and apparent defects during the forming step which was conducted at two different blank-holder pressures (0.05 and 0.2 MPa). In conclusion, the results show that a localized tufting at the most stressed areas for stamping takes a considerable interest and presents a compromise between the in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical properties: low punch force, low material draw-in and more deformability of the preform with no structural defects
Zoller, Carine. "Caractérisation de préformes sol-gel en vue de réaliser des fibres dopées par des nanoparticules semi-conductrices." Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10158.
Full textLa seconde partie de cette thèse a été consacrée à la caractérisation de nanoparticules de silicium piégées dans une matrice de silice sol-gel. La microscopie électronique en transmission et l'imagerie filtrée ont permis de déterminer les paramètres influents pour la préservation des nanoparticules. Ainsi nous avons mis en évidence que les traitements thermiques sous différentes atmosphères peuvent soit provoquer une croissance des nanoparticules soit créer une couche de passivation favorable à un transfert radiatif silicium-erbium. Ce transfert permettra une amplification supplémentaire du signal dans les fibres optiques
Aimé, Hugo. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la déformation de préformes fibreuses au cours de l'injection RTM haute pression." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2014. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01425747.
Full textThe objective of the Phd is to adapt the RTM process to high fluidity thermoplastic polymer, conserving high production rate, as required in the automotive industry. Some innovative polymers with a viscosity 50 to 1000 times lower than traditionally used polymers in thermoplastic injection are adapted to RTM injection, nevertheless, the viscosity is 10 to 100 higher than thermoset resins traditionally used for the RTM process. The injection of these polymers in fibrous preforms can induce high pressures that could generate deformations of the fibrous fabric reinforcement. To optimize the injection pressure and guarantee a short process cycle, it becomes crucial to study the resistance of the fibrous media enduring fluid flow stress. A deepen experimental analysis is realized so as to understand the mechanism of the problem. An analytical model is suggested and allows calculation of the limitating flow rate for a frontal injection. This aims at avoiding displacements of the fabric reinforcement or its constituting yarns
Treutenaere, Sylvain. "Modélisation du comportement des composites stratifiés à préformes textiles avec prédiction du délaminage pour des simulations d'impact." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0001/document.
Full textCarbon Fabric Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) will soon used in high volume automotive production in order to reduce the vehicle weight. For safety and design reasons, their complex behaviours under low-speed impacts, such as pedestrian impacts, need to be accurately modelled and predicted by finite element simulations. For this purpose, a material model dedicated to explicit finite element simulations has been developed and implemented in a commercial finite element code. Subject to low-speed impacts, the CFRP shows four different physical mechanisms which alter the initial stiffness of the material: intralaminar matrix cracks, fibre failure, delamination and strain-rate sensitivity. The intralaminar damage is modelled through constitutive equations based on the continuum damage theory. It is based on the Onera Damage Model, but with the consideration of friction mechanisms between crack lips in order to represent the hysteresis loops in case of cyclic loading. The strain-rate sensitivity is introduced by means of the rheological generalised Maxwell viscoelastic model. Regarding the fibre damage, a failure criterion based on the strain of the fibre direction is introduced. The energy release due to the fibre failure is also regularised thanks to a smeared crack approach. Finally, in order to welldescribed the out-of-plane behaviour, such as bending, of a laminated CFRP material, a recomputation of a realistic strain field through-the thickness of the laminate is introduced at level of the material model. Based on strain energy equilibrium between usual shell element theory and higher-order zigzag theory, this formulation is able to consider delamination at ply interfaces by using only one shell element through-the-thickness of a laminate. In addition, the model is placed in a total Lagrangian framework to ensure both objectivity and material coherence. The identification procedure, with the needed experimental tests, as well as validation tests and experimental/numerical correlations are given for all physical mechanisms previously described. Finally, this model is evaluated through the behaviour prediction of an industrial structure
Belhaj, Mariem. "Analyse expérimentale et modélisation des propriétés mécaniques et de transport de préformes réalisées par placement robotisé de fibres sèches." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10138.
Full textRobotized dry fiber placement process allows producing fibrous preforms by successive placement of fibres designed for optimized structural composites manufacturing. A placement tool was developed at the laboratory scale in order to study the fibers behaviour along the manufacturing process and to establish relations between their physical characteristics and those of the obtained preform. A Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) study is conducted on the dry fiber drawn directly from the coil and after laying on the mold surface in order to qualify the influence of the placement tool on the filaments orientation in the fiber and on the dispersion of the mechanical properties measured. Three quasi-isotropic preforms are produced with different architectures representative of configurations that could be found in the industry: nominal preform, with overlapping fibers and with openings between fibers. A distinct behaviour during transverse compressive loading is obtained for the three plates. On the contrary, no significant influence of the fibrous architecture on hydraulic permeability was obtained. A microporomechanical model is also proposed to link the fibers characteristics to those of the preforms in order to predict the preforms hydraulic permeability and compaction properties and the final composite elastic properties. This unified model is based on the pores volume fraction, size and shape. A satisfying correlation is obtained between experimental characterization and values retrieved from the model, but limited by the geometrical pore definition precision. The engaged work finally helps defining a global methodology for on-line preform characterization based on the compressive mechanical behaviour of the fibrous preform
Patou, Julien. "Élaboration de pièces composites complexes par consolidation autoclave à partir de préformes textiles thermoplastiques renforcées fibres de carbone." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0014/document.
Full textThermoplastic resin composites have been studied for some years by aircraft manufacturer. Current processes studied concerning either prepreg bundle positioning or thermo-stamping of pre-consolidated laminates are not adapted for complex shape as air inlets. To overcome this limitation, this thesis investigates a method based on the manufacturing of fabrics made in commingled/co-woven yarns of carbon and thermoplastic fibres. Then fabrics are consolidated in autoclave. This research project has been divided into two distinct parts. The first part concerns textile shaping study before consolidation. Shear strains of textile preforms have been caracterized by « Bias Extension Test » instrumented with optical device to measure strain field by digital image correlation (2D-DIC ). Textile preform shaping on a double curvature technology test specimen was performed with stamping device. It was also intrumented by cameras to assess shear strain field (3D-DIC). The second part is focused on the study and the optimization of autoclave consolidation conditions and process parameters for thermoplastic composite part manufacturing. Process impacts on composite mechanical properties and microstructure are also studied. Material/process interactions assessment was performed with two CF/PPS semi-pregs : Pipreg ® powdered impregnated fabric from Porcher and TPLF ® commingled fabric with stretch-broken carbon fibers from Schappe Techniques. Results from these two research topics allow to manufacture double curvature composite parts with microstructural properties in accordance with aviation requirements for semi-structural parts. The optimisation of field measurements by 3D-DIC and the semi-preg characterisation in tensile and bending should be developed to improve strain field analysis during fabric shaping. Manufacturing process optimisation by the selection of more efficient materials used for vacumm bagging should also be investigated
Heili, Manon. "Influence de l’histoire thermique sur la diffusion optique dans les préformes et les fibres optiques GeO2-SiO2 : F." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112272.
Full textOptical fibers are inevitably present in telecommunications and Internet access networks. Long glass threads made of ultra-pure vitreous silica, they allow to relay information on long distances in the form of light signal. Despite their good transmission capacities, the reduction of optical losses remains an economical stake. Indeed, under a certain attenuation, it is possible to avoid amplifiers located in hardly accessible area where their setting is very expensive. The objective of this work is thus to explore new ways allowing to reduce significantly optical signal attenuation.The silica is a specific element for optical applications because of its physical chemistry properties (high transparency from IR to UV, strong mechanical resistance,…). Adding components in silica glass changes its characteristics (viscosity, density,…) without strong deterioration of optical properties. Especially, the addition of fluorine decreases the refractive index whereas germanium oxide GeO2 increases it. However, the glass structural disorder increases, and, therefore the optical attenuation as well. The disorder depends on thermal history. It is described by means of fictive temperature Tf that corresponds to the temperature at which the glass structure is frozen. The Tf of glass determines many material properties such as the fluctuations of refractive index and density. Rayleigh scattering is the main reason of optical losses in optical fibers, representing ~90% at 1550 nm wavelength. This scattering originates from the dielectric constant fluctuations, which contain two kinds of contributions: the density and the concentration fluctuations. By applying a thermodynamics approach, another term is suggested to complete this description: the fictive temperature fluctuations, resulting from a distribution of glass relaxation times. This approach highlighted importance of studying the relationship between density ρ and Tf on one hand, and between index n and Tf on the other hand, in order to reduce the Rayleigh scattering losses.In optical fiber process, Tf is essentially defined by the drawing conditions, i.e. furnace temperature, fiber drawing tension and speed. An experimental study allowed distinguishing the impact of these conditions on scattering losses in single mode conventional fibers. The knowledge about the origin of scattered objects (sizes and shapes) in fibers with different thermal histories has been made deeper. Ideally, it should be better to be disconnected from the drawing conditions.Contrary to the other oxide glasses, silica glass presents an anomalous behavior for its density: this one increases with fictive temperature. This anomaly disappears by adding a certain amount of chemical elements (F, Cl, GeO2, but not TiO2) in the material. We showed that some compositions, by deleting sensitivity of Rayleigh scattering to Tf, allows minimizing optical losses in the fibers family we studied. Raman spectroscopy has been then used in order to understand structural origin of this anomaly. Measurements revealed that D1 and D2 bands, which are related to small tetrahedral membered rings vibrations in glass, are not correlated to the macroscopic density. Consequently, they are not a reliable signature of densification phenomenon in binary glasses. Supplementary studies about the silicon coordination in the network are needed to conclude on structural origin of the silica anomaly
Carronnier, Delphine. "Pièces composites structurales injectées à basse pression sur préformes. Recherche d'une méthodologie de conception couplée à la réalisation." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30170.
Full textFalcou, Chantal. "Etude et mise en oeuvre de procédés de fabrication de préformes et fibres optiques unimodales en verres fluorés." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20247.
Full textBriançon, Anne-Marie. "Spectroscopie laser de préformes et de fibres dopées par les ions Er3+ et Nd3+ utilisées comme amplificateurs optiques." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10053.
Full textChebil, Naziha. "Simulation numérique de l'écoulement tridimensionnel d'une résine dans une préforme stratifiée pour les procédés Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) par des éléments finis coques multicouches." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10171.
Full textIn this study, a new numerical approach called « Multilayer Leakage Model » has been developed for the efficient numerical simulation of the 3D flow by 2D multilayered shell elements in anisotropic multilayer preform with or without a distribution medium. The convergence of the developed approach has been demonstrated by a comparison with a 2D model in the xz plan. The efficiency of the multilayer leakage model versus the 3D model has been quantified. The advantage of the new numerical approach has been verified through industrial part simulations such as the optimization of distribution medium position in a Hi-Tape stiffener, the flow simulation of a boat in VARTM process and the flow analysis of a NCF laminate
Song, Yang. "Evaluation de l'apport simultané des coutures sur la perméabilité des préformes cousues et sur les performances mécaniques des structures composites cousues." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2250/document.
Full text3D composite materials, which obtained by stitching or tufting, have many advantages compared to the 3D orthogonal weaves or interlocks. ln order to evaluate the potential of this new generation of 3D materials, some studies have been devoted to their mechanical properties. Other studies have focused on the influence of certain types of seams on the permeability of materials such as NCF (Non Crimp Fabrics).This thesis is to study the contribution of seams through the thickness of reinforcement 2D classic fabrics. This contribution is evaluated the mechanical properties and their permeability at the same time. Among many stitching parameters, the study focused on the influence of the stitching density. Three different seams densities were carried out through a robot available in our laboratory.ln terms of permeability, the stitched preforms were laminated those of identical unstitched preforms by using Tufting.The evaluation of permeability was conducted in an unsaturated regime through a small scale bench test by the unidirectional flow. With this method, the in-plane permeability tensor is obtained through the measured permeability in three directions : 0° (warp), 90° (weft) and 45°. The results show that the type of Tufting seams reduces the effect of anisotropy ratio Kl/K2. And it is obvious that the position of the stitching thread causes local permeability gradients very pronouncedly between the heart and the surface of the preform. For the purposes of the mechanical properties, six composite plates were made by the RTM process. To achieve mechanical properties through the thickness of the plates of 20 mm thick, stitched and unstitched performed were prepared. DIC (Digital Image Correlation) was used to detect the distribution of displacement fields during mechanical testing (tensile, compression and short bearn bending) in order to take account of the presence of seams within materials. The measured mechanical performance proved below expectations, particularly with regard to the characteristics in the third direction. Micrographie analysis of materials revealed the presence of porosity concentrated within, or near the seams. Moreover, the bends or kinks of seams were caused by compaction during closure of the RTM mold. By connecting with the permeability data, it appears that the presence of porosities in the seams is a consequence ofpermeability gradients that induce impregnation flow reclosing
Piana, Mathieu. "Optimisation d'un procédé d'assemblage de préformes composites par modélisation éléments finis avec application à la réalisation industrielle d'éléments profilés T ou H." Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f0f9ec00-0828-4a2b-8921-bfa8f003984a.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the optimization of RTM preforms junction reinforcement. The study deals with both finite element analysis (FEA) and experimentation. The basis for this research is a carbon/epoxy Tee-profile with a junction reinforced by the O3S® stitching process (one single side stitching), patented by EADS. The behaviour of such a Tee-beam was studied under elementary tensile and shear loadings. The problem was idealized macroscopically by the finite element method under linear and plane strain conditions, with isotropic or orthotropic behavior. An Interlaminar failure criterion was used in order to predict the first delamination in the structure. Mechanical tests were carried out to quantify the mechanical resistance of the RTM structures while FEA was used to optimize it. The study was organized in three steps : Characterization of the manufacturing process and tool developed specifically for this research project as well as the parameters influencing the strength of the assembly ; Comparative study of three different stacking sequences for the Tee preforms (or “draping”) and stitching pattern enhancement proposals. An optimal preform configuration and an improvement of the stitching pattern were identified ; Optimization of the identified concept by FEA and validation by mechanical experimentations. Compared to the state of art, this study lead to a significant improvement of the mechanical strength of preforms assembly for an equivalent production cost
Voisin, Thomas. "Exploration de la voie SPS pour la fabrication d'aubes de turbine pour l'aéronautique : développement d'un alliage TiAI performant et densification de préformes." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2409/.
Full textWith the aim of reducing fuel consumption, noise, and greenhouse gas emissions, titanium aluminides (TiAl) are of great interests to be used in the turbine blades of low pressure stage of airplane engines. TiAl alloys offer a high strength at both room and working temperatures combined with an exceptional resistance to oxidation. After thirty years of development, TiAl turbine blades were implemented in the new generations of engine by several motorists as GENERAL ELECTRIC or SNECMA-SAFRAN. However, these alloys still suffer from a low ductility at room temperature, a limited creep resistance and a difficult and expensive manufacturing process. It is within this context that the SPS process has been investigated as a new way to produce near-net shape turbine blades. This has required working on the mastering of the process, on the development of an efficient TiAl alloy fulfilling the industrial requirements and on the fabrication of near-net shape blades. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is a powder metallurgy technique where the densification occurs thanks to the simultaneous application of a pulsed direct current and of a uniaxial pressure. Firstly, after a study of the effect of boron incorporation in sintered TiAl alloys, two TiAl alloys processed by SPS have been investigated. SEM observations, tensile and creep tests and plasticity studies by conventional TEM as well as by in-situ straining experiments have been performed to optimize the microstructure in order to obtain the best mechanical properties. Finally, a TiAl alloy exhibiting outstanding mechanical properties at both room and high temperatures has been obtained, exceeding the industrial specifications and opening the route to higher temperature applications. This alloy, with a chemical composition Ti-Al48-W2-B0. 08, has been patented. Secondly, investigations have focused on the processing of near-net shape blades by SPS. In order to understand the densification mechanisms and to optimize the method and tools, several pieces with an incremental shape complexity have been densified until getting a small-scale near-net shape blade. Then, an up-scaling using a bigger SPS apparatus has led to the production of two kinds of near-net shape blades. These results have also led to a patenting
Moustacas, Hélène. "Modélisation et simulation du comportement de mèches de fibres de carbone à l'échelle mésoscopique pour l'analyse du comportement de préformes tissées interlock." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC062.
Full textThe increasing use of 3D interlock woven preforms for the manufacturing of composite parts in aircraft industry createsnew requirements for modelling and simulation to optimize these structures. In order to simulate the mechanicalbehaviour of 3D interlock woven preforms for fan blades, this work is aimed at developing a model at mesoscopic scaleable to represent the behaviour of carbon fibre tows, specially when submitted to transverse compression. In order tounderstand the mechanisms involved in this kind of loading, simulations have been performed at the scale of theirelementary components, using a macro-filament model. A higher order beam model, based on a polynomial expansion to anyorder with respect to transverse coordinates, has been proposed. A new approach for detecting and modelling frictionalcontact interactions between higher order beams with highly deformable cross-sections has been developed. Finally, ahybrid rheological model, suited to the higher order beam model, in the form of a combination of various elementaryhyperelastic models (transversely isotropic Saint-Venant, 2D neo-hookean and exponential), has been proposed to fit themechanical response identified under transverse compression tests
Baniel, Pascal. "Etude des conditions de préparation de préformes de verres de fluorozirconates (composation, purification, stabilisation). Caractérisation des propriétés magnétiques de verres fluorés d'éléments de transition 3D contenant une phase "magnétique" précipitée." Le Mans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LEMA1007.
Full textMartinez, Valérie. "Influence des effets thermiques et mécaniques sur la relaxation des préformes et des fibres optiques à base de silice : étude par diffusion de la lumière et par diffusion des rayons X." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10181.
Full textJacquot, Frédéric. "Mise au point et caractérisation d'une nouvelle poudre "mono-composant" pour le brasage diffusion de superalliages base nickel ; applications pour la réparation de pièces de turbines aéronautiques et pour la réalisation de préformes frittées." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2315.
Full textHannour, Abdelkrim. "Réseaux bidimensionnels d'agrégats magnétiques préformés en phase gazeuse." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139982.
Full textA1 vers la structure L10.
Ricard, Jean. "Croissance de cristaux préformés par la méthode de la goutte pendante." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10100.
Full textMarmottant, Ariane. "Structure et propriétés de mousses d'aluminium élaborées par réplication de préforme de sel." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0188.
Full textThe present work investigates the influence of structural fluctuations on the mechanical properties of aluminium foams (Young's modulus and yield stress). Aluminium foams are produced using salt patterns. This method consists in: (i) the processing of a porous salt pattern (sodium chloride), the density of which is controlled, (ii) the infiltration of this pattern by molten aluminium, (iii) the leaching of the salt. Ln order to vary the foam structure, the pattern is densified using isostatic compaction or sintering; different salt shapes and sizes are also used. The foam structure is characterised by X-ray microtomography and three-dimensional analysis. It is observed that replicated foams display a structural transition as their relative density increases. This transition causes the mechanical behaviour to be unusual. An adaptation of the Gibson and Ashby model is proposed to link the structural transition and the Young's modulus evolutions
Quintanar-Guerrero, David. "Étude de nouvelles techniques d'obtention de suspensions de nanoparticules à partir de polymères préformés." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T270.
Full textSoubielle, Sébastien. "Étude du comportement mécanique d'une mousse métallique produite par réplication de préforme de sel." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0044.
Full textThis thesis ad dresses the mechanical behaviour of a microcelIulaI aluminium ofHigh purity produced by the repli cation process. The focus in this work is on the high-temperature and non-monotonic uniaxial behaviour of these materials, samples of which are tested in creep, reversed and cyclic loading. Under creep conditions, the material shows a behaviour corresponding to creep by dislocation climb under conditions characteristic of an invaIiant subgrain size. Under altemating stress cycles, the material exhibits a strong kinematic haIdening, amplitude of which increases when the pore size is decreased. These observations are rationalized with models of geometrically necessary dislocations. Finally under fatigue loading, cyclic. Creep is found to go vern both the deformation and the fatigue life
Lando, Aurélie. "Dépôt d'agrégats préformés sur surface de graphite. Etude de l'interaction métal-oxyde à l'échelle nanométrique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012080.
Full textLes agrégats chimiquement hétérogènes sont produits par nucléation réactive et identifiés par spectrométrie de masses à haute résolution. Les dépôts sont imagés par microscopie électronique. Un facteur de forme est défini pour caractériser les morphologies.
La présence d'oxygène dans les agrégats provoque la décomposition de la forme fractale en une série de fragments monodisperses et équidistants. L'analogie avec les instabilités de Rayleigh est discutée. Cette relaxation diffère de celle obtenue par activation thermique bien qu'également pilotée par l'auto-diffusion de surface.
Lorsque MoO3 est ajouté à O2 pour la nucléation, la synthèse d'agrégats libres de molybdate d'argent est possible par recuit laser. Cette transition dans les spectres de masses se traduit sur le substrat par une diminution de plusieurs ordres de grandeur du coefficient de diffusion des agrégats et par une transition morphologique: les îles, appelées nanochaînes, présentent une anisotropie de croissance, une structure périodique et sont morphologiquement très stables face au recuit. Un mécanisme de croissance est proposé.
Le « morphodrome » des dépôts en fonction de la stœchiométrie est établi et la possibilité de piloter a priori les propriétés du film est démontrée. Cet effet s'ajoute à celui de défauts particuliers du graphite pour lesquels une corrélation entre dimension du défaut et diffusion des agrégats est mise en évidence pour la croissance et l'organisation des îles.
Lando, Aurélie. "Dépôt d'agrégats préformés sur surface de graphite : étude de l'interaction métal-oxyde à l'échelle nanométrique." Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012080.
Full textThis study deals with stability of nanostructures formed by silver clusters deposition on graphite with respect to annealing or inclusion of oxides as well as the possibility of spontaneously organizing them via the surface defects. The chemically heterogeneous clusters are produced by reactive nucleation and are identified by high resolution mass spectrometry. Deposits are imaged by electron microscopy and are defined by a parameter to characterize morphologies. The presence of oxygen in the clusters causes the fractal form to decompose into a series of equally sized and equidistant fragments. The analogy with Rayleigh instabilities is discussed. This resulting pattern differs from that obtained by thermal activation although also driven by surface self-diffusion. When molybdenum oxide is added to oxygen for nucleation, synthesis of free silver molybdate clusters is achieved by laser annealing. This transition in mass spectra results on the substrate in a reduction of several orders of magnitude of cluster diffusion and in a morphological transition: the grown islands, called nanochains, present an anisotropic growth and a periodic structure. They are very stable in shape with respect to annealing. A growth mechanism is proposed. Film “morphodrome” according to the cluster chemical composition is established and the possibility of controlling the film properties is shown. This effect is added to that of particular graphite defects for which a correlation between defect dimension and cluster diffusion is highlighted for the growth and the organization of the islands
Marchais, Alexandre. "Etude des mécanismes de montée capillaire du silicium liquide au sein d'une préforme en carbure de silicium." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0025.
Full textThe development of aeronautic engines increased the need in high temperature SiC/SiC composite researches. A standard way to proceed is to infiltrate the matrix by chemical vapor infiltration. Due to their high porosity, their thermal conductivity is generally low. This could lead to strong thermal gradients and an early failure in a harsh environment. To reduce porosity, an alternative process can be used: the infiltration of molten silicon (MI: Melt Infiltration). The aim of this work is to understand all mechanisms occurring during the infiltration of silicon in a fibrous preform composed of SiC Hi-Nicalon S fibers. This process needs a first step which consists in the introduction of SiC particles into the preform before the MI process.First, this work focused on the definition of the porous structure of studied materials and capillarity tests using wetting organic solvent. With the use of Washburn’s law, it was possible to identify pore sizes within the fibrous preform and the granular matrix, and so to predict the capillarity ascent graphs of molten silicon into our material. A second part was devoted to the conception of an infiltration furnace which allows in situ following of the samples weight gain. The correlation between graphs obtained with the Washburn model and the experimental process could be established. Finally, the last part of this work presents partial infiltrations of molten silicon into studied materials which permit to identify capillary mechanisms occurring during the MI process
Maazouz, Abderrahim. "Mécanismes de renforcement d'un système époxy par des élastomères (réactifs ou préformés) et (ou) des microbilles de verre." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0045.
Full textThe study of a DGEBA/DDA/BDMA system modified by a liquid elastomer such as CTBN (ETBN) has shown that the final morphology depends on the nature, initial concentration of the rubber and the curing conditions. Relations between the final morphological characteristics and the level of reinforcement have been established. The improvement in fracture properties (Klc, GIc) of these materials occurs with losses in elastic and thermical (Tg) properties because of a part of elastomer that remains dissolved on the matrix. Furthermore theses networks have been carried out. In opposite to the shell and comparisons between these two kinds of modifiers have carried out. In opposite to the liquid reactive rubbers, the presence of core-shell particles does not affect the glass transition temperature. An other investigation has been made on the hybrid composite materials based on DGEBA/DDA/BDMA/ETBN and glass beads. The presence of glass beads compensates fully the loss of elastic and thermical (Tg) properties caused by CTBN. Morever the interaction between the stress fields created around the glass and the rubber microparticles increases significantly the fracture properties and an optimum has been found. For all the systems studied, we have shown that preplastic, plastic and fracture properties are correlated. The mechanism of deformation is mainly governed by the shear flow of the matrix enhanced by the presence of elastomers as dispersed or dissolved phase and by the crak front-pinning
Abdoulfatah, Mohamed. "Métrologie et caractérisation physique des phénomènes induits par la solidification d'un métal pur au sein d'une préforme fibreuse." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10617.
Full textVergne, Emilie. "Analyse des systèmes inductibles et préformés de défense du riz à Magnaporthe oryzae au travers de l'expression de gènes." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20216.
Full textRice is the staple food of more than the half of the world population and the rice blast disease, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most serious diseases of this crop. Breeding for resistance to the blast fungus is a considerable alimentary and economic issue. In order to get long-lasting resistance varieties, we need to improve our knowledge of defence reactions developed during rice blast disease resistance. In this study, we made an integrated analysis of the different forms of resistance present in rice, along with a detailed study of a novel preformed resistance phenomenon: the constitutive expression of defence genes. Besides the identification of new inducible and constitutive expression markers, we showed that the defence arsenal regulation is polymorphic. This work also points out that some disease resistance QTLs of rice are probably conditioned by defence genes. Besides, expression QTLs that simultaneously control the constitutive expression of several genes were identified. These regions potentially contain major regulators of this novel phenomenon of preformed resistance
Wais, Mossa Mohammed Tahir. "Etude de l'adsorption de composés humiques sur flocs d'hydroxydes métalliques préformés : Influence de paramètres physico-chimiques et des sels." Limoges, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIMO0135.
Full textCantarel, Arthur. "Modélisation de l'imprégnation d'une préforme fibreuse par un alliage en vue de l'élaboration de matériaux composites à matrice métallique." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12806.
Full textRedko, Vadym. "Développement d'un algorithme numérique pour l'identification in-situ du champ de perméabilités d'une préforme fibreuse par une méthode inverse." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10202.
Full textIn the Resin Transfert Molding process used to manufacture high performance composite structures, the fibrous preform impregnation by resin largely determines the piece quality. Numerical simulation is widely used in order to adress the issue of manufacturing defects. It is necessary to know material charasteristics of preform such as perméability which is the most important one. Generally, the preform permeability is obtained by an experimental measurement having a large variability. Therefore, reliable numerical techniques are being looked for. This PhD thesis aims to develop a numerical algorithm by inverse method to identify in-situ the permeability field. The performance of the method is shown by validation of three study cases. The developped algorithm allows to identify isotropic and anisotropic permeability as well as to detect the race tracking effect. In a future work, this numerical algorithm will be implemented in an on-line control system to optimize the mold filling process
Bécu-Longuet, Laurence. "Etude et modélisation des comportements rhéologique et mécanique des réseaux polyépoxy modifiés par des microparticules préformées de type core-shell." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0126.
Full textThe use of emulsion polymerization to prepare core-shell rubber (CSR) toughening particles with different shell thickness to core diameter ratios, process of synthesis and shell functionnalization is described. Crosslinking the shell appears to be a necessary condition to maintain the integrity and morphology of the particle upon curing the epoxy network. The mixing of CSR particles with the reactive epoxy and the processing of toughened-epoxy network are described. The blend morphology is studied using electron microscopy. A heterogeneity factor of dispersion and an average distance between two particles are two pertinent parameters describing the dispersion state of the particles. The characteristics of each phase, the thermal and thermomechanical properties of the materials are reported. The frature parameters (G1c, K1c) are discussed in relation to the structure of the CSR particles and to the dispersion criteria. An optimum of fracture improvement was demonstrated for the materials modified by core-shell particles synthetized by the mixing process (ABu/MMA) with shell thickness (e/R) of 30%, a functionnalized shell by the glycidyl methacrylate and a size of 600 nm. The toughening mechanism is mainly governed by the plastic deformation induced by the shear yielding of the epoxy network. The shear yielding is favoured by the cavitation of the core of the particles
Lacoste, Éric. "Modélisation numérique de l'écoulement d'un métal liquide à travers une préforme fibreuse pour l'élaboration de matériaux composites à matrice métallique." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1A518.
Full textBunoiu, Octavian Mădălin. "Influence des conditions hydrodynamiques et thermodynamiques sur la répartition des microbulles dans le saphir préformé." Grenoble INPG, 2003. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01331625.
Full textAndré, Loïc. "Synthèse de matériaux composites à base d'oxydes préformés : de la compréhension des mécanismes de déstabilisation de sols multiconstituants à l'étude des propriétés des hétéroagrégats." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827971.
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